He studied the literature of Scot-
land, imitated the ballad style, and published
original poems and reprints from his private
printing-press.
land, imitated the ballad style, and published
original poems and reprints from his private
printing-press.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
21, 1494.
He was
of noble origin in Lombardy, and all his life
held high and responsible posts in the civil
government at Modena and at Reggio. His
great fame rests on the romantic epic (Orlando
in Love, which tells of the loves of Char-
lemagne's knight Roland and the fair Angelica
and the adventures connected therewith. The
epic was planned to be completed in three
books, but at the author's death only two books,
of 29 and 31 cantos respectively, were finished;
the composition of the third book had reached
only the ninth canto. Niccolò degli Agostini
wrote a continuation in 33 cantos. In point
of imagination and invention Bojardo ranks
among the greatest poets. But his versification
is far from perfect, and his language lacks
grace and purity; because of these and other
blemishes the (Orlando) was recast and pol-
ished by Francesco Berni, and with eminent
German novelist; born at Niedergailbach, Aug.
9, 1828. A Catholic theologian, and high in
favor at the papal court, his fictions, all brilliant
in style and conception, attack the Protestant
standpoint from all directions;-'A Wedding
Trip'; Queen Bertha); Barbarossa); (The
Free-Thinkers); and Historical Tales of Fred-
erick II, and his Times,' being noteworthy
examples.
Boldrewood, Rolf, pseudonym of Thomas
Alexander Browne. An Australian author:
born in England in 1827. He is a son of
Capt. Sylvester J. Browne, a founder of Vel.
bourne, Australia. He was educated in Sidney
College, and has written : (Ups and Downs :
a Story of Australian Life) (London, 1879:)
(Robbery under Arms: Life and Adventures in
the Bush) (1888); (A Squatter's Dream Story)
(1890); and “A Modern Buccaneer) (1894).
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount. A
celebrated English statesman, orator, and au-
thor ; born at Battersea, Oct. I, 1678; died there,
Dec. 12, 1751. He entered Parliament in 1701;
became Secretary of War 1704-8, and Sec-
retary of State in 1710. In 1712 he entered the
House of Lords, and in 1713 negotiated the
Peace of Utrecht. On the accession of George
I. he fled to the Continent, and in 1715 was
attainted of treason; but in 1723 he was per
mitted to return. His chief works are: "A
Dissertation on Parties); "Letters on the Study
of History); Letters on the Spirit of Patriot-
ism); and (The Idea of a Patriot King. He
was a Deist, but taught that a statesman
should profess the doctrines of the Church of
England. He was an effective orator; but the
style of his philosophical and political works,
though polished, is heavy and declamatory.
Bolintineanu, Dimitrie (bo-lēn-tê-na-än'). A
Roumanian poet; born at Bolintina in Wallachia,
1826; died Sept. 1, 1872. He is widely known
for the beauty of the stanzas comprising his
earliest collected verse, "Songs and Plaints. "
He wrote also a successful novel, Helena,
and an epic poem, "The Trajanid, besides
Roumanian ballads and the philosophical epic
of (Manoil.
Bolles, Frank (bölz. ) An American essayist
and poet; born in Massachusetts, 1856; died
1894. He wrote: (From Blomidon to Smoky;)
(Land of the Lingering Snow,' etc. ; in verse,
(Chocorua's Tenants.
Bolton, Charles Knowles (böl'ton). An
American poet and miscellaneous writer, son
of Mrs. Sarah Knowles Bolton; born in Ohio,
1867. He is librarian of Brookline, Mass. He
has written in prose : (Gossiping Guide to
Harvard, (Saskia, the Wife of Rembrandt,
etc. ; in verse : (The Wooing of Martha Pit-
kin' Love Story of L'rsula Wolcott, etc.
Bolton, Henry Carrington. An American
scientific writer; born in New York, 1843. He
was professor of chemistry and natural science
at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. Besides
works on chemistry he has written: "The
3
success.
Bok, Edward William. An American editor
and essayist; born in Holland, 1863. He has edited
the Ladies' Home Journal, and written (The
Young Man in Business) and (Successward. "
Boker, George Henry. An American poet
and dramatist; born in Philadelphia, Pa. , Oct.
6, 1823; died there, Jan. 2, 1890. He graduated
from Princeton in 1842; studied law; and was
United States minister to Turkey in 1871-75,
and to Russia in 1875–79. His plays include:
(Calaynos) (1848); Anne Boleyn) (1850);
(Francesca di Rimini); (The Betrothed”; and
(All the World's a Mask. Collected plays and
poems (Boston, 1856). Also (Poems of the
War' (1864); (Königsmark and other Poems)
(1869); (The Book of the Dead) (1882); and
(Sonnets) (1886). *
Bolanden, Konrad von (bo'län-den), pseudo-
nym of Joseph Eduard Konrad Bischoff. A
## p. 67 (#83) ##############################################
BOLTON – BORNEIL
67
Counting-Out Rhymes of Children, a Study in
Folk-Lore) (1888): Literature of Manganese );
and Students' Guide in Quantitative Analysis. '
Bolton, Sarah Knowles. An American au-
thor; born in Farmington, Conn. , Sept. 15, 1841.
She married Charles E. Bolton, a merchant
and philanthropist, and resides in Cleveland,
0. She is the author of a number of books, in
cluding : Girls who Became Famous) (1886);
(Famous American Authors) 1887); (Famous
American Statesmen (1888); (Famous Types of
Womanhood) (1892); etc.
Bolton, Sarah Tittle. An American poet;
born in Newport, Ky. , Dec. 18, 1815; died in
Indianapolis, Ind. , Aug. 4, 1893. She is known
for her patriotic and war poems, including:
Paddle Your Own Canoe); Left on the Bat-
tlefield); etc. (Poems) (New York, 1865; In-
dianapolis, 1886).
Bonacci-Brunamonti, Maria Alinda (bo-
nä'che-brö-nä-mon'tē). An Italian poet; born
in Perugia, 1842. She was only fourteen years
old when her first Collection of Poems) ap-
peared and attracted much attention. Her
National Songs) (1859-78) were inspired by
Italy's struggle for freedom.
Bonar, Horatius (bon'är). A celebrated
Scotch hymnist; born in Edinburgh, Dec. 19,
1808; died July 31, 1889. He wrote Hymns
of Faith and Hope,' many of which have been
taken into the hymnals of most of the Prot-
estant churches. He also wrote more than 20
volumes on theological and religious subjects.
Bonaventura, Saint (bā''nä-ven-to'rä). An
Italian theologian and scholar; born at Ba-
gnarea, 1221; died 1274. His real name was
Giovanni di Fidenza. His writings include:
"Life of Saint Francis); 'Progress of the Mind
towards God”; “Breviloquium'; and many ser-
mons and treatises on theological subjects. *
Bonavino, Cristoforo. See Franchi.
Bondi, Clemente (bon'dē). An Italian poet;
born near Parma, June 27, 1742; died at Vienna,
June 20, 1821. At the suppression of the Com-
pany of Jesus, he, though a Jesuit, lauded that
act in a poem and had to flee his country.
While yet a member of the Jesuit order he
wrote a spirited humorous poem, "Rural Days)
(1773), in three cantos, descriptive of the pranks
and sports of a band of students.
Boner, John Henry. An American poet and
literary worker; born at Salem, N. C. , Jan. 31,
1845. A contributor to the magazines, he was
on the editorial staff of the Century Diction-
ary) and the (Standard Dictionary,' and was
once literary editor of the New York World.
He has written "Whispering Pines) (1883), a
volume of verse.
Bonghi, Ruggero (bon'ge). An Italian
scholar and controversial writer; born in Na-
ples, March 21, 1826. The commencement of
his brilliant career indicated scholarly activi-
ties only, for he made fine studies and versions
of Aristotle and Plato; but latterly he has
taken up such subjects as "The Financial His-
tory of Italy, 1864-88) (1868); “The Life and
Times of Valentino Pasini) (1867); and (The
Life of Jesus) (1890); the popularity and value
of these and other works giving him great
prominence.
Boniface. See Saintine.
Bonnechose, Émile Boisnormand de (bôn-
shoz'). A French poet and historian (1801-75);
born at Leyerdorp in Holland. His one nota-
ble poetical composition is (The Death of
Bailly) (1833). Besides a (History of France)
he is author of: (Reformers before the 16th-
Century Reformation) (1844); (The Four Con-
quests of England) (2 vols. , 1851); (History of
England (4 vols. , 1859).
Bonnières, Robert de (bôn-vār'). A French
journalist and novelist; born at Paris, April
7, 1850. He commenced his literary career as
contributor to Paris journals of spirited but
waspish biographs of contemporary men: these
were collected and published in three succes-
sive volumes of Memoirs of To-day. His
novels are full of transparent allusions to noted
persons, and have had a very great vogue. In
one of them, “The Monarch, he portrays high
Jewish society in Paris.
Booth, Mary Louise. An American writer;
born in Yaphank, L. I. , April 19, 1831 ; died in
New York city, March 5, 1889. She was editor
of Harper's Bazar from 1867 until her death ;
translated many novels and histories, including
Gasparin's (Uprising of a Great People, and
H. Martin's (History of France) (6 vols. , 1880).
Borel, Pétrus (bo-rel'). [Properly Pierre
Borel d'Hauterive. ] A French journalist and
author; born in Lyons, June 28, 1809; died in
Algeria, July 14, 1859. His character was ec-
centric: he surnamed himself the «Were-
wolf, and his writings both prose and verse
were romantic and bizarre. They include:
(Rhapsodies,' poems (Paris, 1831); "Champa-
vert, stories (1833); and (Madam Potiphar, a
novel (2 vols. , 1839).
Börne, Ludwig (bėr'ne). An eminent Ger-
man political writer; born at Frankfort-on-the
Main, of Jewish parents, May 6, 1786; died at
Paris, Feb. 12, 1837. He founded and for three
years conducted Die Wage, a journal devoted
to civics, science, and art. Of his numerous
satirical sketches, all full of humor and wit,
these are perhaps the most brilliant: (Mono-
graph on the German Postal Snail); (The Art
of Becoming an Original Author in Three
Days); Memorial Address to Jean Paul. ?
Fierce animosity toward the dynastic policies
of Germany permeated whatever he wrote:
even his literary and dramatic criticism was
biased by this passion. His last completed
work, Menzel the French-devourer) (Franz-
osenfresser), is proof that to the last his voice
was still for war. His (Complete Works, in
12 vols. , were published in 1863.
Borneil, Giraut de (bor-nāy'). A Provençal
troubadour of the 12th century; a native of
## p. 68 (#84) ##############################################
68
BORNEMANN - BOTTA
are
Exideuil, Dordogne. His contemporaries be-
stowed on him the sobriquet Master of
Troubadours. ) Some 80 of his songs
extant; among them the charming song of the
morning, Alba.
Bornemann, Wilhelm (būr'ne-män). A Low-
German dialect poet (1766-1851); born at
Gardelegen. He is one of the foremost repre-
sentatives of modern Low-German poetry. His
works are: (Low-German Poems) (1810), re-
published in a 10th edition in 1891 ; Pictures
of Nature and the Chase) (1829); Humorous
Hunting Songs.
Bornier, Henri Vicomte de (bör-nē-a'). A
French dramatist, member of the Academy;
born at Lunel, Dec. 25, 1825. His plays are
notable for splendor of diction. Among them
are: (Luther's Wedding' (1845); “Dante and
Beatrice); (The Daughter of Roland. ' He
twice won the prize of the Academy, with the
lyrics (The Isthmus of Suez) (1861) and
(France in the Extreme East) (1863). He is
the author of several successful novels and
romances.
Borrow, George. An English philologist
and traveler; born in East Dereham, Norfolk,
February 1803; died in Qulton, Suffolk, July 30,
1881. His linguistic talents are shown in Tar-
gum; or, Metrical Translations from Thirty
Languages) (St. Petersburg, 1835), and Ro.
mano Lavo-Lil, or Word-Book of the Romany)
(1874). The other chief of his fourteen works
are: “The Zincali, or Gipsies of Spain' (Lon.
don, 1841); (The Bible in Spain' (1843); "La-
vengro) (1851); “The Romany Rye, its sequel
(1857); and (Wild Wales) (1862). *
Bosboom, Anna Louisa Geertruida (bos'.
bām).
A Dutch novelist (1812-86); born
(Toussaint) at Alkmaar. Her first work, Al-
magro,' was published in 1837. It was followed
by a long series of others; but she won no
high distinction till 1860, when she published
(The House of Lauernesse,' by far her most
successful novel, which was translated into
several languages. Nearly all her works are
historical novels; and in the two very essential
particulars of knowledge of the historical epochs
and of the human heart, she has a just claim
to rank among the notable writers in that de.
partment of literature.
Boscan Almogavr, Juan (bos-kän' äl-mo-
gä-vār') A distinguished Spanish poet (1493-
1540); born in Barcelona. While attached to
the court of Charles V. at Granada he was led
to a study of Italian poetry, and was the first
to employ the Italian measures in Castilian
song. Again, in a poem imitative of Musæus's
“Hero and Leander,' he was the first to intro-
duce in Spain rhymeless verse.
collected and published in 1543, had 21 editions
in the 16th century. *
Bosio, Ferdinando (bös'yo or bo'zē-7). An
Italian man of letters; born at Alba, Piedmont,
1829; died there, Oct. 16, 1881. He was for
several years teacher of rhetoric and literature,
and afterward chief clerk of the ministry of
public education. In 1853 he published a vol-
ume of lyrics: (Democracy, with a Collection
of Ballads. He wrote many novels, all pos-
sessing the charm of an exquisite style,-
(Home Scenes and Stories) (1874). Among
his historical writings is a Popular History of
the Popes. His miscellaneous writings, politi.
cal and literary, (A Little of Everything,' were
published in 1878.
Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne (bo-sü-ā'). A
French theologian and pulpit orator; born at
Dijon, Sept. 27, 1627; died April 12, 1704. He
became in 1681 Bishop of Meaux. The History
of the Variations of the Protestant Churches!
(1688) is still a standard work. One of his most
elaborate works is the Defense of the Famous
Declaration which the Gallican Clergy Approved
regarding the Power of the Church) (1730).
Hardly less celebrated is his (Discourse upon
Universal History down to the Empire of
Charlemagne) (1681). His Complete Works,
in 46 vols. , were published by the Benedictines
(1815-19). *
Boswell, Sir Alexander. A Scottish anti-
quary and poet; born at Auchinleck, Ayrshire,
Oct. 9, 1775; died in Balmuto, March 27, 1822.
He was the son of James Boswell the biogra-
pher of Johnson; was educated at Oxford ;
and at his father's death in 1795, succeeded to
Auchinleck.
He studied the literature of Scot-
land, imitated the ballad style, and published
original poems and reprints from his private
printing-press. Ilis (Songs Chiefly in the Scot-
tish Dialect) (1803) were very popular.
Boswell, James. A Scottish biographer;
born in Edinburgh, Oct. 29, 1740; died in Lon.
don, May 19, 1795. He was educated at Edin-
burgh and Glasgow, admitted to the bar in
1766, and early showed a love for letters. His
(Life of Dr. Samuel Johnson) (1791) is con-
sidered the most entertaining biography in the
English language. The best modern editions
are by Napier (4 vols. , 1884), and G. Birkbeck
Hill (6 vols. , 1887). He also wrote (Journal of
a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson
(1746), and many other books, the most suc-
cessful of which was (An Account of Corsica
and Memoirs of Pascal Paoli (1768). *
Botero, Giuseppe (bo'tā-ro). An Italian ro-
mancist; born at Novara, 1815; died 1885. He
was all his life an educator, serving as director
of high schools or lyceums in various cities of
northern Italy. He wrote many stories, among
them : (Ricciarda) (1854); (Raffaele (1858);
(Nella of Cortemiglia'; and several apologues,
among them : (My Lady); (To Live Well is
to Do Good); Love and Nature. '
Botta, Anna Charlotte Lynch. An Ameri-
can poet and essayist; born in Bennington, Vt. ,
Nov. II, 1815; died in New York city, March
23, 1891. She came to New York in 1842, and
in 1855 was married to Vincenzo Botta. Mrs
Botta's home in New York was a centre for
literary and artistic people from the days of Poe,
His poems,
## p. 69 (#85) ##############################################
BOTTA- BOUILLY
69
Willis, and Bryant, until her death. She was
the author of stories, essays, Poems) (1848;
new ed. 1884), and (A Handbook of Universal
Literature (1845).
Botta, Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo (bot-tä).
An eminent Italian historian; born near Can-
avese in the Piedmontese, Nov. 6, 1766; died
Aug. 10, 1837. For his sympathy with the
French Revolution he suffered imprisonment
two years, and then went to France, where
he entered the military service as surgeon. He
afterward held several offices of responsibility
under the empire and the restored monarchy.
Besides numerous minor works in French, he
published in Italian (1809) a (History of the
War of Independence of the United States of
America); and (1824) a (History of Italy from
1789 to 1814, in four volumes. He also con-
tinued Guicciardini from 1535 to 1789 (10 vols. ).
Böttger, Adolf (bėt'cher). A German poet
(1815-70); born at Leipsic. He made admira-
ble translations into German verse of Byron's
Complete Works) (1840; 7th ed. 1891), of Pope,
Goldsmith, (Songs of Ossian, and Long-
fellow's (Hiawatha'; he was less successful
with some pieces of Shakespeare. Of his ori-
ginal poetry the best specimens are the poetical
fairy tales (Pilgrimage of the Flower Sprites);
and especially the fantasy of "The Little Man
of the Gallows,' a little (Faustiad. ?
Böttiger, Carl Vilhelm (bėt'tē-ger). A
Swedish poet; born in Westerås, May 15, 1807;
died at Upsala, Dec. 22, 1878. Although noted
for the pleasing prose of his essays on literary
topics, his fame must depend upon versions of
Dante, Tasso, and Uhland, the (Lyric Poems,
the New Songs, Poetic Memories of My
Youth, and one or two plays, including (A
May Day at Voerend.
Bouchardy, Joseph (bö-shär-de'). A French
dramatic poet; born at Paris in 1810; died
May 28, 1870. He was at first associated with
Eugène Deligny in dramatic composition, and
afterward composed a series of comedies alone.
Notable among his productions are: (Gaspardo
the Fisherman); (The Foundlings); “The Or-
phans of Antwerp'; (The Cavalier's Secret);
(The Armorer of Santiago.
Bouchor, Maurice (bö-shôr'). A French
poet; born at Paris, 1855. At the age of 19
years he published a volume of Merry Lays,
which was followed by Poems of Love and
the Sea' (1875); (The Modern Faust) (1878);
(Stories of Paris in Rhyme); and “The Dawn,'
esteemed his best work. He attempted to re-
vive, but in no reverential spirit, the mediæval
(mystery play) in 1889, with Tobit), and
Nativity); the actors » being lay figures of
life size, while the author and his cronies spoke
the lines » from behind the wings.
Boucicault, Dion (bö'se-kö). A British
dramatist and actor; born in Dublin, Dec. 26,
1822; died in New York, Sept. 18, 1890. His
first drama, London Assurance, was written
before he was 19 years of age, and made him
famous. He also attained celebrity as an actor
and manager in England and the United
States; established a school for acting, and
produced about 300 dramas, many of which
were original and many adaptations from the
French. He dramatized Washington Irving's.
(Rip Van Winkle, which Joseph Jefferson en.
larged; and produced a series of Irish dramas
which were extraordinarily popular, such as:
(The Colleen Bawn (1860); (Arrah-na-Pogue
(1864); and “The Shaughraun) (1875), in which
he played the principal parts. (Old Heads on
Young Shoulders ); (The Corsican Brothers);
(The Streets of London); “Flying Scud); and
(After Dark,' were among his later produc-
tions.
Boudinot, Elias (bö'di-not). A distinguished
American patriot and philanthropist; born at
Philadelphia, May 2, 1740; died at Burlington,
N. J. , Oct. 24, 1821. He was president of the
Continental Congress (1782), and first president
of the American Bible Society (1816-21). He
wrote: (The Second Advent of the Messiah);
(The Age of Revelation,' a reply to Thomas
Paine ; (The Star in the West,' an attempt to
identify the American Indians with the Ten
Lost Tribes of Israel.
Boufflers, Stanislas, Marquis de (bö-făr').
A French poet; born at Nancy, May 31, 1738;
died at Paris, Jan. 18, 1815. He was reputed to
be son of Stanislas II. of Poland. While
an ecclesiastical student he wrote in prose the
story of Aline, Queen of Golconda,' for which
Stanislas awarded him a pension of 40,000
livres. Quitting the ecclesiastical career, he en-
tered the military service and rose to the rank
of major-general. Meanwhile he was earning
the plaudits of the gay world by his erotic
He was one of the émigrés of 1792,
but returned to France in 1800. His Com-
plete Works) were published in 2 vols. , 1813.
Bouilhet, Louis (bö-lyā'). A French poet
(1821-69). He first achieved fame with Me.
lænis, a Story of Rome) in the time of the
Cæsars, and (The Fossils, a series of delinea-
tions of antediluvians. His versified dramas,
(Mme. de Montarcy) (1856); Dolorès) (1862);
and especially (The Conspiracy of Amboise,
are elegant in style, rich in imagery, perfect
in melody, but lack compactness of structure
and are open to moral censure. The same
faults are found in his eomedies (Uncle Million
(1861); (Faustine) (1864); and specially in his
posthumous Mölle. Aïssé. )
Bouilly, Jean Nicholas (bö-yē'). A French
poet (1763-1842). He made his début with the
comic opera "Peter the Great) (1790). For a
few years he was judge and prosecuting attor-
ney at Tours, and then was called to Paris to
assist in organizing the primary-school system.
He was a man of ancient Roman virtue, and
his character is reflected in all his works. His
comedies and comic operas (music by the first
masters) were eminently successful as well in
Germany as in France, particularly these : (The
Abbé de l'Epée); (The Two Days'; Mme.
verses.
1
1
1
1
## p. 70 (#86) ##############################################
BOURDILLON - BOWRING
70
de Sévigné. He also wrote "Stories for
French Children and (Counsels to my Daugh-
ter.
Bourdillon, Francis W. Born in 1852. He
was educated at Oxford, and became tutor to
the children of the Princess Christian of Eng.
land. He is famous for a short poem, (The
Night Has a Thousand Eyes,' and has pub-
lished a novel, Nephelé! (New York and
London, 1896), besides (Among the Flowers
and Other Poems) (1872), and Young Maids
and Old China) (1888).
Bourget, Paul (bör-zhā'). A French novel-
ist and critic; born at Amiens, Sept. 2, 1852.
His first book was "Restless Life,' followed by
other poems; but he turned to prose and has
become widely known as essayist, critic, and
descriptive writer, and famous for his novels.
The latter include: (A Cruel Enigma); (A
Crime of Love); Lies); (The Disciple);
(André Cornelis); Cosmopolis); and volumes
of stories like "The Irreparable. His essays
are contained in the volumes : (Essays in Con-
temporary Psychology); (New Essays in Con-
temporary Psychology”; “Studies and Portraits ';
and others. (Outre-Mer' is a book on Amer.
ica. *
Bouton, John Bell (bö-ton'). An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born at
Concord, N. H. , 1830. He has written : "Loved
and Lost' (1857, essays); (Round the Block)
(1864, a novel); "Roundabout to Moscow)
(1887); "Uncle Sam's Church' (1895); etc.
Boutwell, George Sewall (bout'wel). An
American statesman and publicist; born at
Brookline, Mass. , Jan. 28, 1818. He was gov-
ernor of Massachusetts (1852-53), United States
Commissioner of Internal Revenue (1862–63),
Member of Congress (1863-69), Secretary of
Treasury (1869-73), United States Senator
(1873-77). He has written : (Thoughts on Edu-
cational Topics) (1860); "A History of the
Republican Party) (1884); "The Lawyer, the
Statesman, and the Soldier' (1887); etc.
Bouvet, Marguerite (bő-vā'). An Ameri.
can writer for children; born in Louisiana,
1865. She has written: 'Sweet William);
(Prince Tip-Top); Little Marjorie's Love
Story); 'Pierrette); etc.
Bowen, Mrs. Sue (Petigru) (King). An
American novelist; born in South Carolina,
1824; died 1875. ller home was in Charles-
ton, S. C. She wrote: (Sylvia's World ); (Ger-
ald Gray's Wife); “Busy Moments of an Idle
Woman,' a collection of stories; etc.
Bowker, Richard Rogers (bou’ker). An
American editor, bibliographer, and writer on
political economy; born in Massachusetts, 1848.
He edited for a number of years the Pub-
lishers' Weekly; and compiled the American
Catalogue) (2 vols. , 18851, of inestimable value
to book-dealers, librarians, and literary workers.
Among his writings on political economy are :
(Work and Wealth"; "Economics for the Peo.
ple); etc.
Bowles, Samuel (bõlz). A noted American
journalist; born at Springfield, Mass. , Feb. 9,
1826; died there, Jan. 16, 1878. He was editor
and proprietor of the Springfield Republican
(1844-78). He wrote : (Across the Continent)
(1865); (The Switzerland of America) (1809);
(Our New West) (1869); etc. As one of the
most able journalists in a land of journalism,
his fame is both great and enduring.
Bowles, William Lisle. An English poet;
born in King's Sutton, Northamptonshire, Sept.
24, 1762; died in Salisbury, April 7, 1850. He
was educated at Oxford, and from 1804 until
a few years before his death was vicar of Brem-
hill, Wiltshire. His (Fourteen Sonnets Written
Chiefly on Picturesque Spots during a Journey)
(1789) was received with extraordinary favor.
Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Southey greatly
admired the poems, which reflected the au-
thor's thoughts and the moods of nature to
such an extent that Bowles is considered to
have created by his influence the Lake School
of poetry. In 1806 he issued a critical edition
of Pope, which led to a memorable controversy
(1809-25), in which Byron and Campbell were
his opponents. His other works include:
(The Grave of Howard' (1790); (Coombe
Ellen (1798); “The Battle of the Nile' (1799);
(The Spirit of Discovery) (1804), his longest
poem; and (St. John in Patmos) (1832).
Bowne, Borden Parker (boun). An Ameri-
can philosophical writer; born at Leonard-
ville, N. J. , Jan. 14, 1847. He was religious
editor of the New York Independent 1875-76,
becoming professor of philosophy at Boston
University 1876. He has written: Philoso-
phy of Herbert Spencer) (1874); Metaphysics)
(1882); etc.
Bowring, Sir John. An English linguist,
author, and noted diplomat; born in Exeter,
Oct. 17, 1792; died there, Nov. 23, 1872. He
was a great traveler and a close student; and
boasted that he knew 200 languages and could
speak 100. In 1825 he became editor of the
Westminster Review, in which he advocated
Free Trade by repeal of the Corn Laws in ad-
vance of Bright and Cobden. He was a Mem-
ber of Parliament in 1835-37 and 1841-47; was
appointed on various commissions, to France,
Switzerland, Italy, Syria, etc. In 1849 he was
British consul at Hong-Kong, where he became
governor in 1853. In 1855 he concluded a
treaty with Siam; he was knighted in 1854.
Ile rendered great service to English litera-
ture by translating the popular poems and
folk-songs of various nations. Among his
works are: (Specimens of the Russian Poets
(London, 1821-23); (Ancient Poetry and Ro.
mances of Spain) (1824); (Specimens of the
Polish Poets) (1827); (Servian Popular Poetry)
(1827); (Poetry of the Magyars) (1830);"Ches-
kian Anthology) (1832); “The Flowery Scroll:
a Chinese Novel) (1868); (The Oak: Original
Tales and Sketches) (1869); and two import-
ant volumes of travel: (The Kingdom and
People of Siam (1857), and "A Visit to the
## p. 71 (#87) ##############################################
BOYE - BRACKENRIDGE
71
books include: (Hungary in 1851' (New York,
1852); (Home Life in Germany) (1853); (The
Norse Folk) (1857); (Short Sermons to News-
boys) (1861); (The Dangerous Classes of Now
York and Twenty Years' Work among Them
(1872; 3d ed. 1880); (Free Trade as Promot-
ing Peace and Good-Will among Men) (1879);
"Gesta Christi) (1883), a review of the achieve.
ments of Christianity from the earliest days in
bettering the moral and social condition of the
world; and (To the Unknown God (1889).
Brachmann, Karoline Luise (bräch'män).
A German poet (1777-1822); born at Rochlitz.
Her 'Lyric Poems) are full of life and melody.
She wrote also a poem of chivalry, (The Judg-
ment of God, in five cantos, and several ro.
was
mances.
:
Philippine Islands) (1859). He edited with a
biography (22 vols. , London, 1838) the works
of Jeremy Bentham, of whom he was a disciple
and admirer; and wrote a number of books
on political and social topics, and also hymns
and poems. *
Boye, Kaspar Johan (bo've). A Danish
poet and dramatist ; born in Kongsberg, Nor-
way, Dec. 27, 1791; died in Copenhagen, July
6, 1853. He a ciergyman who wrote
anonymously for the stage, becoming «Den-
mark's great unknown upon the appearance
of Juta, Queen of Denmark, (King Sigurd,
and other plays, of which only (William Shakes-
peare continues on the boards. His “There Is
a Beautiful Country in the Far North has
become a national favorite hymn.
Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth (boi'e-sen). An
American novelist; born at Frederiksvärn,
Norway, Sept. 23, 1848; died in New York,
Oct. 4, 1895. After completing his university
studies at Christiania, he came to the United
States in 1869 and was editor of a Norwegian
journal in Chicago. He returned to Europe in
1872 and studied Germanic philology at Leip-
sic two years; then returning to this country
he was professor of German in Cornell Uni-
versity for six years, and then of Germanic
languages and literature in Columbia College
till his death. His story of Norwegian life,
"Gunnar,' published in the Atlantic Monthly
(1873), and his "Idyls of Norway and Other
Poems) (1883), give proof of his rare imagi-
native faculty and his deep human sympathies.
Besides these, he wrote: (Tales from Two
Hemispheres (1875); (A Norseman's Pilgrim-
age); Ilka on the Hilltop and Other Stories ';
(A Daughter of the Philistines. *
Bozděch, Emanuel (böz'dyech).
of noble origin in Lombardy, and all his life
held high and responsible posts in the civil
government at Modena and at Reggio. His
great fame rests on the romantic epic (Orlando
in Love, which tells of the loves of Char-
lemagne's knight Roland and the fair Angelica
and the adventures connected therewith. The
epic was planned to be completed in three
books, but at the author's death only two books,
of 29 and 31 cantos respectively, were finished;
the composition of the third book had reached
only the ninth canto. Niccolò degli Agostini
wrote a continuation in 33 cantos. In point
of imagination and invention Bojardo ranks
among the greatest poets. But his versification
is far from perfect, and his language lacks
grace and purity; because of these and other
blemishes the (Orlando) was recast and pol-
ished by Francesco Berni, and with eminent
German novelist; born at Niedergailbach, Aug.
9, 1828. A Catholic theologian, and high in
favor at the papal court, his fictions, all brilliant
in style and conception, attack the Protestant
standpoint from all directions;-'A Wedding
Trip'; Queen Bertha); Barbarossa); (The
Free-Thinkers); and Historical Tales of Fred-
erick II, and his Times,' being noteworthy
examples.
Boldrewood, Rolf, pseudonym of Thomas
Alexander Browne. An Australian author:
born in England in 1827. He is a son of
Capt. Sylvester J. Browne, a founder of Vel.
bourne, Australia. He was educated in Sidney
College, and has written : (Ups and Downs :
a Story of Australian Life) (London, 1879:)
(Robbery under Arms: Life and Adventures in
the Bush) (1888); (A Squatter's Dream Story)
(1890); and “A Modern Buccaneer) (1894).
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount. A
celebrated English statesman, orator, and au-
thor ; born at Battersea, Oct. I, 1678; died there,
Dec. 12, 1751. He entered Parliament in 1701;
became Secretary of War 1704-8, and Sec-
retary of State in 1710. In 1712 he entered the
House of Lords, and in 1713 negotiated the
Peace of Utrecht. On the accession of George
I. he fled to the Continent, and in 1715 was
attainted of treason; but in 1723 he was per
mitted to return. His chief works are: "A
Dissertation on Parties); "Letters on the Study
of History); Letters on the Spirit of Patriot-
ism); and (The Idea of a Patriot King. He
was a Deist, but taught that a statesman
should profess the doctrines of the Church of
England. He was an effective orator; but the
style of his philosophical and political works,
though polished, is heavy and declamatory.
Bolintineanu, Dimitrie (bo-lēn-tê-na-än'). A
Roumanian poet; born at Bolintina in Wallachia,
1826; died Sept. 1, 1872. He is widely known
for the beauty of the stanzas comprising his
earliest collected verse, "Songs and Plaints. "
He wrote also a successful novel, Helena,
and an epic poem, "The Trajanid, besides
Roumanian ballads and the philosophical epic
of (Manoil.
Bolles, Frank (bölz. ) An American essayist
and poet; born in Massachusetts, 1856; died
1894. He wrote: (From Blomidon to Smoky;)
(Land of the Lingering Snow,' etc. ; in verse,
(Chocorua's Tenants.
Bolton, Charles Knowles (böl'ton). An
American poet and miscellaneous writer, son
of Mrs. Sarah Knowles Bolton; born in Ohio,
1867. He is librarian of Brookline, Mass. He
has written in prose : (Gossiping Guide to
Harvard, (Saskia, the Wife of Rembrandt,
etc. ; in verse : (The Wooing of Martha Pit-
kin' Love Story of L'rsula Wolcott, etc.
Bolton, Henry Carrington. An American
scientific writer; born in New York, 1843. He
was professor of chemistry and natural science
at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. Besides
works on chemistry he has written: "The
3
success.
Bok, Edward William. An American editor
and essayist; born in Holland, 1863. He has edited
the Ladies' Home Journal, and written (The
Young Man in Business) and (Successward. "
Boker, George Henry. An American poet
and dramatist; born in Philadelphia, Pa. , Oct.
6, 1823; died there, Jan. 2, 1890. He graduated
from Princeton in 1842; studied law; and was
United States minister to Turkey in 1871-75,
and to Russia in 1875–79. His plays include:
(Calaynos) (1848); Anne Boleyn) (1850);
(Francesca di Rimini); (The Betrothed”; and
(All the World's a Mask. Collected plays and
poems (Boston, 1856). Also (Poems of the
War' (1864); (Königsmark and other Poems)
(1869); (The Book of the Dead) (1882); and
(Sonnets) (1886). *
Bolanden, Konrad von (bo'län-den), pseudo-
nym of Joseph Eduard Konrad Bischoff. A
## p. 67 (#83) ##############################################
BOLTON – BORNEIL
67
Counting-Out Rhymes of Children, a Study in
Folk-Lore) (1888): Literature of Manganese );
and Students' Guide in Quantitative Analysis. '
Bolton, Sarah Knowles. An American au-
thor; born in Farmington, Conn. , Sept. 15, 1841.
She married Charles E. Bolton, a merchant
and philanthropist, and resides in Cleveland,
0. She is the author of a number of books, in
cluding : Girls who Became Famous) (1886);
(Famous American Authors) 1887); (Famous
American Statesmen (1888); (Famous Types of
Womanhood) (1892); etc.
Bolton, Sarah Tittle. An American poet;
born in Newport, Ky. , Dec. 18, 1815; died in
Indianapolis, Ind. , Aug. 4, 1893. She is known
for her patriotic and war poems, including:
Paddle Your Own Canoe); Left on the Bat-
tlefield); etc. (Poems) (New York, 1865; In-
dianapolis, 1886).
Bonacci-Brunamonti, Maria Alinda (bo-
nä'che-brö-nä-mon'tē). An Italian poet; born
in Perugia, 1842. She was only fourteen years
old when her first Collection of Poems) ap-
peared and attracted much attention. Her
National Songs) (1859-78) were inspired by
Italy's struggle for freedom.
Bonar, Horatius (bon'är). A celebrated
Scotch hymnist; born in Edinburgh, Dec. 19,
1808; died July 31, 1889. He wrote Hymns
of Faith and Hope,' many of which have been
taken into the hymnals of most of the Prot-
estant churches. He also wrote more than 20
volumes on theological and religious subjects.
Bonaventura, Saint (bā''nä-ven-to'rä). An
Italian theologian and scholar; born at Ba-
gnarea, 1221; died 1274. His real name was
Giovanni di Fidenza. His writings include:
"Life of Saint Francis); 'Progress of the Mind
towards God”; “Breviloquium'; and many ser-
mons and treatises on theological subjects. *
Bonavino, Cristoforo. See Franchi.
Bondi, Clemente (bon'dē). An Italian poet;
born near Parma, June 27, 1742; died at Vienna,
June 20, 1821. At the suppression of the Com-
pany of Jesus, he, though a Jesuit, lauded that
act in a poem and had to flee his country.
While yet a member of the Jesuit order he
wrote a spirited humorous poem, "Rural Days)
(1773), in three cantos, descriptive of the pranks
and sports of a band of students.
Boner, John Henry. An American poet and
literary worker; born at Salem, N. C. , Jan. 31,
1845. A contributor to the magazines, he was
on the editorial staff of the Century Diction-
ary) and the (Standard Dictionary,' and was
once literary editor of the New York World.
He has written "Whispering Pines) (1883), a
volume of verse.
Bonghi, Ruggero (bon'ge). An Italian
scholar and controversial writer; born in Na-
ples, March 21, 1826. The commencement of
his brilliant career indicated scholarly activi-
ties only, for he made fine studies and versions
of Aristotle and Plato; but latterly he has
taken up such subjects as "The Financial His-
tory of Italy, 1864-88) (1868); “The Life and
Times of Valentino Pasini) (1867); and (The
Life of Jesus) (1890); the popularity and value
of these and other works giving him great
prominence.
Boniface. See Saintine.
Bonnechose, Émile Boisnormand de (bôn-
shoz'). A French poet and historian (1801-75);
born at Leyerdorp in Holland. His one nota-
ble poetical composition is (The Death of
Bailly) (1833). Besides a (History of France)
he is author of: (Reformers before the 16th-
Century Reformation) (1844); (The Four Con-
quests of England) (2 vols. , 1851); (History of
England (4 vols. , 1859).
Bonnières, Robert de (bôn-vār'). A French
journalist and novelist; born at Paris, April
7, 1850. He commenced his literary career as
contributor to Paris journals of spirited but
waspish biographs of contemporary men: these
were collected and published in three succes-
sive volumes of Memoirs of To-day. His
novels are full of transparent allusions to noted
persons, and have had a very great vogue. In
one of them, “The Monarch, he portrays high
Jewish society in Paris.
Booth, Mary Louise. An American writer;
born in Yaphank, L. I. , April 19, 1831 ; died in
New York city, March 5, 1889. She was editor
of Harper's Bazar from 1867 until her death ;
translated many novels and histories, including
Gasparin's (Uprising of a Great People, and
H. Martin's (History of France) (6 vols. , 1880).
Borel, Pétrus (bo-rel'). [Properly Pierre
Borel d'Hauterive. ] A French journalist and
author; born in Lyons, June 28, 1809; died in
Algeria, July 14, 1859. His character was ec-
centric: he surnamed himself the «Were-
wolf, and his writings both prose and verse
were romantic and bizarre. They include:
(Rhapsodies,' poems (Paris, 1831); "Champa-
vert, stories (1833); and (Madam Potiphar, a
novel (2 vols. , 1839).
Börne, Ludwig (bėr'ne). An eminent Ger-
man political writer; born at Frankfort-on-the
Main, of Jewish parents, May 6, 1786; died at
Paris, Feb. 12, 1837. He founded and for three
years conducted Die Wage, a journal devoted
to civics, science, and art. Of his numerous
satirical sketches, all full of humor and wit,
these are perhaps the most brilliant: (Mono-
graph on the German Postal Snail); (The Art
of Becoming an Original Author in Three
Days); Memorial Address to Jean Paul. ?
Fierce animosity toward the dynastic policies
of Germany permeated whatever he wrote:
even his literary and dramatic criticism was
biased by this passion. His last completed
work, Menzel the French-devourer) (Franz-
osenfresser), is proof that to the last his voice
was still for war. His (Complete Works, in
12 vols. , were published in 1863.
Borneil, Giraut de (bor-nāy'). A Provençal
troubadour of the 12th century; a native of
## p. 68 (#84) ##############################################
68
BORNEMANN - BOTTA
are
Exideuil, Dordogne. His contemporaries be-
stowed on him the sobriquet Master of
Troubadours. ) Some 80 of his songs
extant; among them the charming song of the
morning, Alba.
Bornemann, Wilhelm (būr'ne-män). A Low-
German dialect poet (1766-1851); born at
Gardelegen. He is one of the foremost repre-
sentatives of modern Low-German poetry. His
works are: (Low-German Poems) (1810), re-
published in a 10th edition in 1891 ; Pictures
of Nature and the Chase) (1829); Humorous
Hunting Songs.
Bornier, Henri Vicomte de (bör-nē-a'). A
French dramatist, member of the Academy;
born at Lunel, Dec. 25, 1825. His plays are
notable for splendor of diction. Among them
are: (Luther's Wedding' (1845); “Dante and
Beatrice); (The Daughter of Roland. ' He
twice won the prize of the Academy, with the
lyrics (The Isthmus of Suez) (1861) and
(France in the Extreme East) (1863). He is
the author of several successful novels and
romances.
Borrow, George. An English philologist
and traveler; born in East Dereham, Norfolk,
February 1803; died in Qulton, Suffolk, July 30,
1881. His linguistic talents are shown in Tar-
gum; or, Metrical Translations from Thirty
Languages) (St. Petersburg, 1835), and Ro.
mano Lavo-Lil, or Word-Book of the Romany)
(1874). The other chief of his fourteen works
are: “The Zincali, or Gipsies of Spain' (Lon.
don, 1841); (The Bible in Spain' (1843); "La-
vengro) (1851); “The Romany Rye, its sequel
(1857); and (Wild Wales) (1862). *
Bosboom, Anna Louisa Geertruida (bos'.
bām).
A Dutch novelist (1812-86); born
(Toussaint) at Alkmaar. Her first work, Al-
magro,' was published in 1837. It was followed
by a long series of others; but she won no
high distinction till 1860, when she published
(The House of Lauernesse,' by far her most
successful novel, which was translated into
several languages. Nearly all her works are
historical novels; and in the two very essential
particulars of knowledge of the historical epochs
and of the human heart, she has a just claim
to rank among the notable writers in that de.
partment of literature.
Boscan Almogavr, Juan (bos-kän' äl-mo-
gä-vār') A distinguished Spanish poet (1493-
1540); born in Barcelona. While attached to
the court of Charles V. at Granada he was led
to a study of Italian poetry, and was the first
to employ the Italian measures in Castilian
song. Again, in a poem imitative of Musæus's
“Hero and Leander,' he was the first to intro-
duce in Spain rhymeless verse.
collected and published in 1543, had 21 editions
in the 16th century. *
Bosio, Ferdinando (bös'yo or bo'zē-7). An
Italian man of letters; born at Alba, Piedmont,
1829; died there, Oct. 16, 1881. He was for
several years teacher of rhetoric and literature,
and afterward chief clerk of the ministry of
public education. In 1853 he published a vol-
ume of lyrics: (Democracy, with a Collection
of Ballads. He wrote many novels, all pos-
sessing the charm of an exquisite style,-
(Home Scenes and Stories) (1874). Among
his historical writings is a Popular History of
the Popes. His miscellaneous writings, politi.
cal and literary, (A Little of Everything,' were
published in 1878.
Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne (bo-sü-ā'). A
French theologian and pulpit orator; born at
Dijon, Sept. 27, 1627; died April 12, 1704. He
became in 1681 Bishop of Meaux. The History
of the Variations of the Protestant Churches!
(1688) is still a standard work. One of his most
elaborate works is the Defense of the Famous
Declaration which the Gallican Clergy Approved
regarding the Power of the Church) (1730).
Hardly less celebrated is his (Discourse upon
Universal History down to the Empire of
Charlemagne) (1681). His Complete Works,
in 46 vols. , were published by the Benedictines
(1815-19). *
Boswell, Sir Alexander. A Scottish anti-
quary and poet; born at Auchinleck, Ayrshire,
Oct. 9, 1775; died in Balmuto, March 27, 1822.
He was the son of James Boswell the biogra-
pher of Johnson; was educated at Oxford ;
and at his father's death in 1795, succeeded to
Auchinleck.
He studied the literature of Scot-
land, imitated the ballad style, and published
original poems and reprints from his private
printing-press. Ilis (Songs Chiefly in the Scot-
tish Dialect) (1803) were very popular.
Boswell, James. A Scottish biographer;
born in Edinburgh, Oct. 29, 1740; died in Lon.
don, May 19, 1795. He was educated at Edin-
burgh and Glasgow, admitted to the bar in
1766, and early showed a love for letters. His
(Life of Dr. Samuel Johnson) (1791) is con-
sidered the most entertaining biography in the
English language. The best modern editions
are by Napier (4 vols. , 1884), and G. Birkbeck
Hill (6 vols. , 1887). He also wrote (Journal of
a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson
(1746), and many other books, the most suc-
cessful of which was (An Account of Corsica
and Memoirs of Pascal Paoli (1768). *
Botero, Giuseppe (bo'tā-ro). An Italian ro-
mancist; born at Novara, 1815; died 1885. He
was all his life an educator, serving as director
of high schools or lyceums in various cities of
northern Italy. He wrote many stories, among
them : (Ricciarda) (1854); (Raffaele (1858);
(Nella of Cortemiglia'; and several apologues,
among them : (My Lady); (To Live Well is
to Do Good); Love and Nature. '
Botta, Anna Charlotte Lynch. An Ameri-
can poet and essayist; born in Bennington, Vt. ,
Nov. II, 1815; died in New York city, March
23, 1891. She came to New York in 1842, and
in 1855 was married to Vincenzo Botta. Mrs
Botta's home in New York was a centre for
literary and artistic people from the days of Poe,
His poems,
## p. 69 (#85) ##############################################
BOTTA- BOUILLY
69
Willis, and Bryant, until her death. She was
the author of stories, essays, Poems) (1848;
new ed. 1884), and (A Handbook of Universal
Literature (1845).
Botta, Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo (bot-tä).
An eminent Italian historian; born near Can-
avese in the Piedmontese, Nov. 6, 1766; died
Aug. 10, 1837. For his sympathy with the
French Revolution he suffered imprisonment
two years, and then went to France, where
he entered the military service as surgeon. He
afterward held several offices of responsibility
under the empire and the restored monarchy.
Besides numerous minor works in French, he
published in Italian (1809) a (History of the
War of Independence of the United States of
America); and (1824) a (History of Italy from
1789 to 1814, in four volumes. He also con-
tinued Guicciardini from 1535 to 1789 (10 vols. ).
Böttger, Adolf (bėt'cher). A German poet
(1815-70); born at Leipsic. He made admira-
ble translations into German verse of Byron's
Complete Works) (1840; 7th ed. 1891), of Pope,
Goldsmith, (Songs of Ossian, and Long-
fellow's (Hiawatha'; he was less successful
with some pieces of Shakespeare. Of his ori-
ginal poetry the best specimens are the poetical
fairy tales (Pilgrimage of the Flower Sprites);
and especially the fantasy of "The Little Man
of the Gallows,' a little (Faustiad. ?
Böttiger, Carl Vilhelm (bėt'tē-ger). A
Swedish poet; born in Westerås, May 15, 1807;
died at Upsala, Dec. 22, 1878. Although noted
for the pleasing prose of his essays on literary
topics, his fame must depend upon versions of
Dante, Tasso, and Uhland, the (Lyric Poems,
the New Songs, Poetic Memories of My
Youth, and one or two plays, including (A
May Day at Voerend.
Bouchardy, Joseph (bö-shär-de'). A French
dramatic poet; born at Paris in 1810; died
May 28, 1870. He was at first associated with
Eugène Deligny in dramatic composition, and
afterward composed a series of comedies alone.
Notable among his productions are: (Gaspardo
the Fisherman); (The Foundlings); “The Or-
phans of Antwerp'; (The Cavalier's Secret);
(The Armorer of Santiago.
Bouchor, Maurice (bö-shôr'). A French
poet; born at Paris, 1855. At the age of 19
years he published a volume of Merry Lays,
which was followed by Poems of Love and
the Sea' (1875); (The Modern Faust) (1878);
(Stories of Paris in Rhyme); and “The Dawn,'
esteemed his best work. He attempted to re-
vive, but in no reverential spirit, the mediæval
(mystery play) in 1889, with Tobit), and
Nativity); the actors » being lay figures of
life size, while the author and his cronies spoke
the lines » from behind the wings.
Boucicault, Dion (bö'se-kö). A British
dramatist and actor; born in Dublin, Dec. 26,
1822; died in New York, Sept. 18, 1890. His
first drama, London Assurance, was written
before he was 19 years of age, and made him
famous. He also attained celebrity as an actor
and manager in England and the United
States; established a school for acting, and
produced about 300 dramas, many of which
were original and many adaptations from the
French. He dramatized Washington Irving's.
(Rip Van Winkle, which Joseph Jefferson en.
larged; and produced a series of Irish dramas
which were extraordinarily popular, such as:
(The Colleen Bawn (1860); (Arrah-na-Pogue
(1864); and “The Shaughraun) (1875), in which
he played the principal parts. (Old Heads on
Young Shoulders ); (The Corsican Brothers);
(The Streets of London); “Flying Scud); and
(After Dark,' were among his later produc-
tions.
Boudinot, Elias (bö'di-not). A distinguished
American patriot and philanthropist; born at
Philadelphia, May 2, 1740; died at Burlington,
N. J. , Oct. 24, 1821. He was president of the
Continental Congress (1782), and first president
of the American Bible Society (1816-21). He
wrote: (The Second Advent of the Messiah);
(The Age of Revelation,' a reply to Thomas
Paine ; (The Star in the West,' an attempt to
identify the American Indians with the Ten
Lost Tribes of Israel.
Boufflers, Stanislas, Marquis de (bö-făr').
A French poet; born at Nancy, May 31, 1738;
died at Paris, Jan. 18, 1815. He was reputed to
be son of Stanislas II. of Poland. While
an ecclesiastical student he wrote in prose the
story of Aline, Queen of Golconda,' for which
Stanislas awarded him a pension of 40,000
livres. Quitting the ecclesiastical career, he en-
tered the military service and rose to the rank
of major-general. Meanwhile he was earning
the plaudits of the gay world by his erotic
He was one of the émigrés of 1792,
but returned to France in 1800. His Com-
plete Works) were published in 2 vols. , 1813.
Bouilhet, Louis (bö-lyā'). A French poet
(1821-69). He first achieved fame with Me.
lænis, a Story of Rome) in the time of the
Cæsars, and (The Fossils, a series of delinea-
tions of antediluvians. His versified dramas,
(Mme. de Montarcy) (1856); Dolorès) (1862);
and especially (The Conspiracy of Amboise,
are elegant in style, rich in imagery, perfect
in melody, but lack compactness of structure
and are open to moral censure. The same
faults are found in his eomedies (Uncle Million
(1861); (Faustine) (1864); and specially in his
posthumous Mölle. Aïssé. )
Bouilly, Jean Nicholas (bö-yē'). A French
poet (1763-1842). He made his début with the
comic opera "Peter the Great) (1790). For a
few years he was judge and prosecuting attor-
ney at Tours, and then was called to Paris to
assist in organizing the primary-school system.
He was a man of ancient Roman virtue, and
his character is reflected in all his works. His
comedies and comic operas (music by the first
masters) were eminently successful as well in
Germany as in France, particularly these : (The
Abbé de l'Epée); (The Two Days'; Mme.
verses.
1
1
1
1
## p. 70 (#86) ##############################################
BOURDILLON - BOWRING
70
de Sévigné. He also wrote "Stories for
French Children and (Counsels to my Daugh-
ter.
Bourdillon, Francis W. Born in 1852. He
was educated at Oxford, and became tutor to
the children of the Princess Christian of Eng.
land. He is famous for a short poem, (The
Night Has a Thousand Eyes,' and has pub-
lished a novel, Nephelé! (New York and
London, 1896), besides (Among the Flowers
and Other Poems) (1872), and Young Maids
and Old China) (1888).
Bourget, Paul (bör-zhā'). A French novel-
ist and critic; born at Amiens, Sept. 2, 1852.
His first book was "Restless Life,' followed by
other poems; but he turned to prose and has
become widely known as essayist, critic, and
descriptive writer, and famous for his novels.
The latter include: (A Cruel Enigma); (A
Crime of Love); Lies); (The Disciple);
(André Cornelis); Cosmopolis); and volumes
of stories like "The Irreparable. His essays
are contained in the volumes : (Essays in Con-
temporary Psychology); (New Essays in Con-
temporary Psychology”; “Studies and Portraits ';
and others. (Outre-Mer' is a book on Amer.
ica. *
Bouton, John Bell (bö-ton'). An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born at
Concord, N. H. , 1830. He has written : "Loved
and Lost' (1857, essays); (Round the Block)
(1864, a novel); "Roundabout to Moscow)
(1887); "Uncle Sam's Church' (1895); etc.
Boutwell, George Sewall (bout'wel). An
American statesman and publicist; born at
Brookline, Mass. , Jan. 28, 1818. He was gov-
ernor of Massachusetts (1852-53), United States
Commissioner of Internal Revenue (1862–63),
Member of Congress (1863-69), Secretary of
Treasury (1869-73), United States Senator
(1873-77). He has written : (Thoughts on Edu-
cational Topics) (1860); "A History of the
Republican Party) (1884); "The Lawyer, the
Statesman, and the Soldier' (1887); etc.
Bouvet, Marguerite (bő-vā'). An Ameri.
can writer for children; born in Louisiana,
1865. She has written: 'Sweet William);
(Prince Tip-Top); Little Marjorie's Love
Story); 'Pierrette); etc.
Bowen, Mrs. Sue (Petigru) (King). An
American novelist; born in South Carolina,
1824; died 1875. ller home was in Charles-
ton, S. C. She wrote: (Sylvia's World ); (Ger-
ald Gray's Wife); “Busy Moments of an Idle
Woman,' a collection of stories; etc.
Bowker, Richard Rogers (bou’ker). An
American editor, bibliographer, and writer on
political economy; born in Massachusetts, 1848.
He edited for a number of years the Pub-
lishers' Weekly; and compiled the American
Catalogue) (2 vols. , 18851, of inestimable value
to book-dealers, librarians, and literary workers.
Among his writings on political economy are :
(Work and Wealth"; "Economics for the Peo.
ple); etc.
Bowles, Samuel (bõlz). A noted American
journalist; born at Springfield, Mass. , Feb. 9,
1826; died there, Jan. 16, 1878. He was editor
and proprietor of the Springfield Republican
(1844-78). He wrote : (Across the Continent)
(1865); (The Switzerland of America) (1809);
(Our New West) (1869); etc. As one of the
most able journalists in a land of journalism,
his fame is both great and enduring.
Bowles, William Lisle. An English poet;
born in King's Sutton, Northamptonshire, Sept.
24, 1762; died in Salisbury, April 7, 1850. He
was educated at Oxford, and from 1804 until
a few years before his death was vicar of Brem-
hill, Wiltshire. His (Fourteen Sonnets Written
Chiefly on Picturesque Spots during a Journey)
(1789) was received with extraordinary favor.
Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Southey greatly
admired the poems, which reflected the au-
thor's thoughts and the moods of nature to
such an extent that Bowles is considered to
have created by his influence the Lake School
of poetry. In 1806 he issued a critical edition
of Pope, which led to a memorable controversy
(1809-25), in which Byron and Campbell were
his opponents. His other works include:
(The Grave of Howard' (1790); (Coombe
Ellen (1798); “The Battle of the Nile' (1799);
(The Spirit of Discovery) (1804), his longest
poem; and (St. John in Patmos) (1832).
Bowne, Borden Parker (boun). An Ameri-
can philosophical writer; born at Leonard-
ville, N. J. , Jan. 14, 1847. He was religious
editor of the New York Independent 1875-76,
becoming professor of philosophy at Boston
University 1876. He has written: Philoso-
phy of Herbert Spencer) (1874); Metaphysics)
(1882); etc.
Bowring, Sir John. An English linguist,
author, and noted diplomat; born in Exeter,
Oct. 17, 1792; died there, Nov. 23, 1872. He
was a great traveler and a close student; and
boasted that he knew 200 languages and could
speak 100. In 1825 he became editor of the
Westminster Review, in which he advocated
Free Trade by repeal of the Corn Laws in ad-
vance of Bright and Cobden. He was a Mem-
ber of Parliament in 1835-37 and 1841-47; was
appointed on various commissions, to France,
Switzerland, Italy, Syria, etc. In 1849 he was
British consul at Hong-Kong, where he became
governor in 1853. In 1855 he concluded a
treaty with Siam; he was knighted in 1854.
Ile rendered great service to English litera-
ture by translating the popular poems and
folk-songs of various nations. Among his
works are: (Specimens of the Russian Poets
(London, 1821-23); (Ancient Poetry and Ro.
mances of Spain) (1824); (Specimens of the
Polish Poets) (1827); (Servian Popular Poetry)
(1827); (Poetry of the Magyars) (1830);"Ches-
kian Anthology) (1832); “The Flowery Scroll:
a Chinese Novel) (1868); (The Oak: Original
Tales and Sketches) (1869); and two import-
ant volumes of travel: (The Kingdom and
People of Siam (1857), and "A Visit to the
## p. 71 (#87) ##############################################
BOYE - BRACKENRIDGE
71
books include: (Hungary in 1851' (New York,
1852); (Home Life in Germany) (1853); (The
Norse Folk) (1857); (Short Sermons to News-
boys) (1861); (The Dangerous Classes of Now
York and Twenty Years' Work among Them
(1872; 3d ed. 1880); (Free Trade as Promot-
ing Peace and Good-Will among Men) (1879);
"Gesta Christi) (1883), a review of the achieve.
ments of Christianity from the earliest days in
bettering the moral and social condition of the
world; and (To the Unknown God (1889).
Brachmann, Karoline Luise (bräch'män).
A German poet (1777-1822); born at Rochlitz.
Her 'Lyric Poems) are full of life and melody.
She wrote also a poem of chivalry, (The Judg-
ment of God, in five cantos, and several ro.
was
mances.
:
Philippine Islands) (1859). He edited with a
biography (22 vols. , London, 1838) the works
of Jeremy Bentham, of whom he was a disciple
and admirer; and wrote a number of books
on political and social topics, and also hymns
and poems. *
Boye, Kaspar Johan (bo've). A Danish
poet and dramatist ; born in Kongsberg, Nor-
way, Dec. 27, 1791; died in Copenhagen, July
6, 1853. He a ciergyman who wrote
anonymously for the stage, becoming «Den-
mark's great unknown upon the appearance
of Juta, Queen of Denmark, (King Sigurd,
and other plays, of which only (William Shakes-
peare continues on the boards. His “There Is
a Beautiful Country in the Far North has
become a national favorite hymn.
Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth (boi'e-sen). An
American novelist; born at Frederiksvärn,
Norway, Sept. 23, 1848; died in New York,
Oct. 4, 1895. After completing his university
studies at Christiania, he came to the United
States in 1869 and was editor of a Norwegian
journal in Chicago. He returned to Europe in
1872 and studied Germanic philology at Leip-
sic two years; then returning to this country
he was professor of German in Cornell Uni-
versity for six years, and then of Germanic
languages and literature in Columbia College
till his death. His story of Norwegian life,
"Gunnar,' published in the Atlantic Monthly
(1873), and his "Idyls of Norway and Other
Poems) (1883), give proof of his rare imagi-
native faculty and his deep human sympathies.
Besides these, he wrote: (Tales from Two
Hemispheres (1875); (A Norseman's Pilgrim-
age); Ilka on the Hilltop and Other Stories ';
(A Daughter of the Philistines. *
Bozděch, Emanuel (böz'dyech).
