)
Demosthenes
says of the Olynthians fi/M'is .
Demosthenese - First Philippic and the Olynthiacs
ovzn 1r6hsl.
war-rt
afle? vez, Cyr. vi 1, 42 fi-r-rov 6. 11 Tar/Tl 110616: dapolfi'owro, v'iii
5, 25 our/6400a: . . 507107606"! raw-rt afle? vez, Hell. vi 5, 2
flonflfio'w 1rav'rl o'fie? vel, Diodor. xvi 75 flon0e'z'v . . 1rav1'l
afle? vsz. In l'lato P/Laedrus 2070 Ta 100 Xahxnfiovlou afle? vos
is mock heroic (Rutherford New th/n'ichus p. 10 note).
Ku're? l 'rb auuq're? u, again, involvas the collocation of at least
e
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 192 THIRD 0L YNTHIAC' III ? ? 6, 7
five short syllables, and is therefore unlikely to be a phrase of
the orator's own ; it is never used by Demosthenes himself.
The whole phrase, in both its parts, must in fact be regarded
as a quotation. The orator reminds his audience of their duty
to their allies by quoting a formula. customary in treaties of
alliance. KATA TO ATNATON is preceded by dupehs'iv in
the treaty quoted in Thuc. v 23 ? ? 1, 3 (421 13. 0. ), and by
1301196131 in v 47 ? ? 3, 5 (420) ; while l'lANTl EOENEI KATA
TO ATNATON is quoted with e? mxoupei'u in v 23 ? 4, and is
found with BOHGEIN in at least fifteen inscriptions z--OIA.
II i 6 = Hicks no. 65 (395-- 13. 0. ); 7 = Hicks no. 67 (395--) ; 15
l. 25 = Ditt. p. 104 (387--) ; Iv ii 15 c 23 = Hicks no. 80 (387--);
11 i 17 l. 51 = Hicks no. 81, 49 (878-); 521. 17 = Ditt. p. 130,
Hicks no. 88 (368--) ; IV ii 49 b 11. 5, 9, 16 ; 57 b = Ditt. p. 149
(362--); 59 b 16 = Ditt. p. 152, Hicks no. 97 (361-); Hicks
no. 99, 10 (360--56); and no. 100, 16 (357? ); II i 66 bp.
406 = Ditt. p. 159, Hicks no. 109 (356--); 112 (0. 356--40);
Iv ii 116b (341--); Ir i 311 l. 19 (2843--). We may even go
further than this. It can hardly be doubted that a formal
treaty containing this very phrase had already been concluded
between Athens and Olynthus. A treaty of alliance is clearly
implied by ? 2 Haws Tot/s avaadxovs odm'opev, and by ? 16
oils, ei 71'0)\? ,1L7)UOI. ? V, e? ToZ/tws a'a'ia'ew 2'11ria'xv017/1. 60a. From the
analogy of similar documents we may infer (with Hartel Dem.
Antrdgc p. 532) that the treaty was drawn up in the following
i'ormz--vataxla. thxfie? wv 16v e? 'lri epq'mys Kai 'Aenvalwv e? s'
1611 (is! xpovow e'civ ns {1] e? 1ri woke/Lg: ? 1ri Xahmfie? as fl Kan-1'1.
7% t) Kant Oahu-Frau, fiOflOETV 'Aflnvalovs now) other Kafion
av e? na'y'ye? hhwo'w Xahmfie'is Karo. 16 5111111161" Kai e? dv ns ly
e? 1ri rohe? aq: e? 1r' 'Aflnvatovs KTA. It has been proposed by
Kohler and Hartel to connect with this alliance a fra mentary
inscription (CIA. II i 105 = Hicks no. 106) giving the names
of certain envoys who (apparently with a view to ratifying this
treaty) were to administer the oaths To'is Xahmoe? wv 166v e? 1rl
quixns e? mreptois. The Chalcidians and their oaths are also the
subject of no. 106. The first of these inscriptions is restored as
belonging to the archonship of Theellus (01. 107, 2 = 351--0 13. 0. ) ;
the second certainly belongs to that of Callimachus (0]. 107,
4 = 349--8 11. 0. )
62. iflpwanko'res . . germ-6(a) (1 ? 14, 54 ? 20) K'l')\. , 'you
will have conducted the war in Philip's interests' (? 17 1rdv-ra
. . o'u-yxaraoxevdo'av-res 0. 6793). In 4 ? 41 Demosthenes describes
the Athenians as virtually making Philip their own commander.
1rdv'r(o. ), 'in all respects. '
? 7 l. 63. inrfipxov--(66) E'npdgapev--(69) e? x-Irohepcio'm: in
l
l
H
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? III ? 7 THIRD 0L YNTHIAG 193
these three successive sentences we have three instances of
asyndeton, each combined with the simplest forms of construc-
tion, and all leading up to the inference clearly drawn at the
beginning of the next section. im- pxov . . KeK'r pe? vot:
4 ? 13 e? Oe? hovras i'nrdpxew. Se? vupv 'l'l-VO. KeK-rqp- vou: 2
? 1 1. 6.
65. oii'rs . . Eedppet rein-we, 'feared (not 'mistrusted')
them. ' Oappe'iu (a) with Ace. is 'not to fear,' Xen. Cyr. v 5,
42 has as . . Oappfia'wo'w, Anal). iii 2, 20 rd: mixers Oappe'i're,
Plato Phaedo 88 B Miami: 0. , Phaedr. 239 D opp. to ? ofiofivmr,
Euthyd. 275 c, Protag. 359 D; (b) with Dat. , 'to confide in,'
Herod. iii 76 f? 0? ptTTIK6T6$ Upvun.
66. e? rpe? gapsv . . elpfiqu, 'efi'ected (brought about, nego-
tiated) a peace'; operam dedimus et perfecimus ut paw fie'ret
(Sailppe), 18 ? 162 rpz'igm Tali-n71! 1"}111 ? L)\lav, and ? 311 1'1;
ova/iaxla aoii rpdfav-ros 'ye? 'yovev ; stronger than elpvivnv e? mmy-
a'dneBa. (8 ? 5). fipeis would naturally be followed by 1rpbs
ali-roe? s or electron: (4 ? 24, 9 ? 9), but the orator is eager to
show the active part taken by the Olynthians in bringing
about the peace, and therefore at once adds xdxsivot. In 23
? 109 (362 3. 0.
) Demosthenes says of the Olynthians fi/M'is . .
dither/s 1re1rolnwrar, 410. 0111 6% Kat o'vpmdxovs 7roLfiaeo0aL.
This expectation has now been fulfilled. rpbs fipis cannot
be taken as = 1rpr dhhfihous : this would require 1'7/465 m'rroris.
67. e? p1r68w'pn, imped'imentum, is that which entangles and
hampers the foot, while (68) Soc-xspe? s is that which is awkward
for the hand; 'this was hampering to Philip, and annoying
too,' explained by the following clause, we? hw pqquv K-rh.
68. ? ? op|uiv, 'to watch'; met. from a hostile fleet watch-
ing a position, din-l 1017 e? ? e8peiisw (5 ? 15) Harpocr. ; cp. 8
? 42 rats e? mrroii Kmpois 'rv'1v 1rap' lip-63v e? heufieplav e? ? e6pedem
e? ? 66peifiew ('lie in wait for ') is a metaphor from a land-force,
and e? ? 0pILLETV a metaphor from ships, as in Soph. 00. 812 (lit.
in 19 ? 322, the only other passage in Demosthenes, and in
Thuc. i142, 3, iii 31, 1, vii 3, 5).
Nautical imagery abounds in Athenian literature, as might be expected
from the maritime tastes and enterprise of the people. Hence is drawn
the celebrated expression of Demosthenes as applied to Aeschines, aim in).
17]; aria-fig 5 its: 70;: TOMOIQ (18 ? 281), 'lie rides not EU the same anchor
with his fel ow-countrymen '; cp. [e? gopasig 5x 17'); mike>>; Aeschin. 3 ? 209,
and] E'1ri. duoiv dynfpaw opast ([56] ? 44), represented characteristically by
the old English saying 'to have two strings to your bow' (HMWilkins).
69. rois--Kmpois, the 'crises' or 'critical moments' of his
fortunes, his 'weak points' ; almost = d'rvxfi/Lao'w (schol. ) ;
0
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 194 THIRD 0L YNTHIAC' III ? ? 7, 8
23 ? 173 (and Hyper. 4 ? 8) KaipoqflvhaKeZ' 'r'hu re? hw.
ixrohepe? 'aa-m: 1 ? 7.
70. iiipeea. (as in 9 ? 25) for qie? aelh: similarly (Sam Isac.
2 ? 30, Xen. Anab. v 3, 25, Aristoph. Hut. 834, and 19
passages in Demosthenes (ed. Blass) against only 2 of qibanv
(Prooem. 51 and E1). ii 22).
71. "pillow, 1 ? 7, 'were always talking about,' 'harping
on,' rather than ' were clamorous for. '
72. broo-Sfi-iro're, 'somehow or other,' no thanks to any
efforts on our own part; 'ye? 'you' ai'rrbaa-rou (1 ? 7). The war
had broken out on the initiative of Philip, and not on that
of Olynthus and Athens (Holzinger and Weil).
? 81. 73. e? ppmpe? wus: 1 ? 14, [11] ? 22, 15 ? 35, the only
examples of this Adverb in Demosthenes.
74. rpoaupws, with Boneeiv in ? 5, 1 ? 9, 16 ? 17; and
without in ? 14; 1 ? ? 1, 6; 2 ? 27, 8 ? 38, 14 ? 14.
e? yn'o Fe? v : not followed by 600m fie? , 4 ? ? 10, 50 ; 6 ? 16, 8 ? ? 18,
37. prts: 2 ? 4, 19 ? 83 pr'ts 'rfis dhhns ulnxiqu . .
Kai #e'ydhoi Kivduvol. repzedrao'w. rfis wspifldd'us (iv:
fl repza-ral-q dv. Goodwin M T. ? 215.
75. El. Kaevcbdpzea: Aor. Opt. Mid. (identical in form with
2 Pers. Pl. of Aor. Ind. Mid. , and of Perf. Ind. Pass), 'if we
sacrificed' any of our interests; cp. 16 ? 18, 18? 107, 19 ? 6;
with 'rd. Ti}: 1r6hews [58] ? 6, To rpl'i'yna ib. ? 12, 6. 761111. 21 ? ? 39,
51; cp. 23 ? 96, 2935, 36, 39; [58]? 34. Xen. Hell. ii 23
Ka0u? le? 10ai (' surrender,' 'lower the flag') 102s e? v Heipaisi.
76. 068% 'rov ? 6Bov----rbv 're? 'w nerd. 'rm'rra, 'cven the terror
(i. e. 'danger'), which I see arising from the future, is not
small. '
77. pmpe? v (611m): cp. 4 ? 18. e'xe? v'row . . alas Exouo-i.
(23 ? 182 e? xoifa-rls (4'); 5x61): euphemistic. In 5 ? 18 he says
more plainly, of the Thebans, exam>> d1rex06is. On the
present relations of Athens to the Thebans and Phocians cp.
1 ? 26.
78. (urapqxe? rwv . . Xpfipao-i, 'having become bankrupt,'
'having fallen short (lit. 'hecome exhausted') in money. '
For the Dat. cp. Isocr. 4 ? 92 mi; i/wxais vLKGW'res 1'on o'dmao'w
d1rcT1rov. The sense of the text is the same as in and",
Xpn/Ld'rwv dreipfixea'av (Pans. iv 9, 1), cp. Aeschin. 1 ? 53 Tfi
5a1rdvy dre'hre, Thuc. ii 13, 6 xpfiptam ('with regard to inoncy')
.
afle? vez, Cyr. vi 1, 42 fi-r-rov 6. 11 Tar/Tl 110616: dapolfi'owro, v'iii
5, 25 our/6400a: . . 507107606"! raw-rt afle? vez, Hell. vi 5, 2
flonflfio'w 1rav'rl o'fie? vel, Diodor. xvi 75 flon0e'z'v . . 1rav1'l
afle? vsz. In l'lato P/Laedrus 2070 Ta 100 Xahxnfiovlou afle? vos
is mock heroic (Rutherford New th/n'ichus p. 10 note).
Ku're? l 'rb auuq're? u, again, involvas the collocation of at least
e
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 192 THIRD 0L YNTHIAC' III ? ? 6, 7
five short syllables, and is therefore unlikely to be a phrase of
the orator's own ; it is never used by Demosthenes himself.
The whole phrase, in both its parts, must in fact be regarded
as a quotation. The orator reminds his audience of their duty
to their allies by quoting a formula. customary in treaties of
alliance. KATA TO ATNATON is preceded by dupehs'iv in
the treaty quoted in Thuc. v 23 ? ? 1, 3 (421 13. 0. ), and by
1301196131 in v 47 ? ? 3, 5 (420) ; while l'lANTl EOENEI KATA
TO ATNATON is quoted with e? mxoupei'u in v 23 ? 4, and is
found with BOHGEIN in at least fifteen inscriptions z--OIA.
II i 6 = Hicks no. 65 (395-- 13. 0. ); 7 = Hicks no. 67 (395--) ; 15
l. 25 = Ditt. p. 104 (387--) ; Iv ii 15 c 23 = Hicks no. 80 (387--);
11 i 17 l. 51 = Hicks no. 81, 49 (878-); 521. 17 = Ditt. p. 130,
Hicks no. 88 (368--) ; IV ii 49 b 11. 5, 9, 16 ; 57 b = Ditt. p. 149
(362--); 59 b 16 = Ditt. p. 152, Hicks no. 97 (361-); Hicks
no. 99, 10 (360--56); and no. 100, 16 (357? ); II i 66 bp.
406 = Ditt. p. 159, Hicks no. 109 (356--); 112 (0. 356--40);
Iv ii 116b (341--); Ir i 311 l. 19 (2843--). We may even go
further than this. It can hardly be doubted that a formal
treaty containing this very phrase had already been concluded
between Athens and Olynthus. A treaty of alliance is clearly
implied by ? 2 Haws Tot/s avaadxovs odm'opev, and by ? 16
oils, ei 71'0)\? ,1L7)UOI. ? V, e? ToZ/tws a'a'ia'ew 2'11ria'xv017/1. 60a. From the
analogy of similar documents we may infer (with Hartel Dem.
Antrdgc p. 532) that the treaty was drawn up in the following
i'ormz--vataxla. thxfie? wv 16v e? 'lri epq'mys Kai 'Aenvalwv e? s'
1611 (is! xpovow e'civ ns {1] e? 1ri woke/Lg: ? 1ri Xahmfie? as fl Kan-1'1.
7% t) Kant Oahu-Frau, fiOflOETV 'Aflnvalovs now) other Kafion
av e? na'y'ye? hhwo'w Xahmfie'is Karo. 16 5111111161" Kai e? dv ns ly
e? 1ri rohe? aq: e? 1r' 'Aflnvatovs KTA. It has been proposed by
Kohler and Hartel to connect with this alliance a fra mentary
inscription (CIA. II i 105 = Hicks no. 106) giving the names
of certain envoys who (apparently with a view to ratifying this
treaty) were to administer the oaths To'is Xahmoe? wv 166v e? 1rl
quixns e? mreptois. The Chalcidians and their oaths are also the
subject of no. 106. The first of these inscriptions is restored as
belonging to the archonship of Theellus (01. 107, 2 = 351--0 13. 0. ) ;
the second certainly belongs to that of Callimachus (0]. 107,
4 = 349--8 11. 0. )
62. iflpwanko'res . . germ-6(a) (1 ? 14, 54 ? 20) K'l')\. , 'you
will have conducted the war in Philip's interests' (? 17 1rdv-ra
. . o'u-yxaraoxevdo'av-res 0. 6793). In 4 ? 41 Demosthenes describes
the Athenians as virtually making Philip their own commander.
1rdv'r(o. ), 'in all respects. '
? 7 l. 63. inrfipxov--(66) E'npdgapev--(69) e? x-Irohepcio'm: in
l
l
H
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? III ? 7 THIRD 0L YNTHIAG 193
these three successive sentences we have three instances of
asyndeton, each combined with the simplest forms of construc-
tion, and all leading up to the inference clearly drawn at the
beginning of the next section. im- pxov . . KeK'r pe? vot:
4 ? 13 e? Oe? hovras i'nrdpxew. Se? vupv 'l'l-VO. KeK-rqp- vou: 2
? 1 1. 6.
65. oii'rs . . Eedppet rein-we, 'feared (not 'mistrusted')
them. ' Oappe'iu (a) with Ace. is 'not to fear,' Xen. Cyr. v 5,
42 has as . . Oappfia'wo'w, Anal). iii 2, 20 rd: mixers Oappe'i're,
Plato Phaedo 88 B Miami: 0. , Phaedr. 239 D opp. to ? ofiofivmr,
Euthyd. 275 c, Protag. 359 D; (b) with Dat. , 'to confide in,'
Herod. iii 76 f? 0? ptTTIK6T6$ Upvun.
66. e? rpe? gapsv . . elpfiqu, 'efi'ected (brought about, nego-
tiated) a peace'; operam dedimus et perfecimus ut paw fie'ret
(Sailppe), 18 ? 162 rpz'igm Tali-n71! 1"}111 ? L)\lav, and ? 311 1'1;
ova/iaxla aoii rpdfav-ros 'ye? 'yovev ; stronger than elpvivnv e? mmy-
a'dneBa. (8 ? 5). fipeis would naturally be followed by 1rpbs
ali-roe? s or electron: (4 ? 24, 9 ? 9), but the orator is eager to
show the active part taken by the Olynthians in bringing
about the peace, and therefore at once adds xdxsivot. In 23
? 109 (362 3. 0.
) Demosthenes says of the Olynthians fi/M'is . .
dither/s 1re1rolnwrar, 410. 0111 6% Kat o'vpmdxovs 7roLfiaeo0aL.
This expectation has now been fulfilled. rpbs fipis cannot
be taken as = 1rpr dhhfihous : this would require 1'7/465 m'rroris.
67. e? p1r68w'pn, imped'imentum, is that which entangles and
hampers the foot, while (68) Soc-xspe? s is that which is awkward
for the hand; 'this was hampering to Philip, and annoying
too,' explained by the following clause, we? hw pqquv K-rh.
68. ? ? op|uiv, 'to watch'; met. from a hostile fleet watch-
ing a position, din-l 1017 e? ? e8peiisw (5 ? 15) Harpocr. ; cp. 8
? 42 rats e? mrroii Kmpois 'rv'1v 1rap' lip-63v e? heufieplav e? ? e6pedem
e? ? 66peifiew ('lie in wait for ') is a metaphor from a land-force,
and e? ? 0pILLETV a metaphor from ships, as in Soph. 00. 812 (lit.
in 19 ? 322, the only other passage in Demosthenes, and in
Thuc. i142, 3, iii 31, 1, vii 3, 5).
Nautical imagery abounds in Athenian literature, as might be expected
from the maritime tastes and enterprise of the people. Hence is drawn
the celebrated expression of Demosthenes as applied to Aeschines, aim in).
17]; aria-fig 5 its: 70;: TOMOIQ (18 ? 281), 'lie rides not EU the same anchor
with his fel ow-countrymen '; cp. [e? gopasig 5x 17'); mike>>; Aeschin. 3 ? 209,
and] E'1ri. duoiv dynfpaw opast ([56] ? 44), represented characteristically by
the old English saying 'to have two strings to your bow' (HMWilkins).
69. rois--Kmpois, the 'crises' or 'critical moments' of his
fortunes, his 'weak points' ; almost = d'rvxfi/Lao'w (schol. ) ;
0
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 194 THIRD 0L YNTHIAC' III ? ? 7, 8
23 ? 173 (and Hyper. 4 ? 8) KaipoqflvhaKeZ' 'r'hu re? hw.
ixrohepe? 'aa-m: 1 ? 7.
70. iiipeea. (as in 9 ? 25) for qie? aelh: similarly (Sam Isac.
2 ? 30, Xen. Anab. v 3, 25, Aristoph. Hut. 834, and 19
passages in Demosthenes (ed. Blass) against only 2 of qibanv
(Prooem. 51 and E1). ii 22).
71. "pillow, 1 ? 7, 'were always talking about,' 'harping
on,' rather than ' were clamorous for. '
72. broo-Sfi-iro're, 'somehow or other,' no thanks to any
efforts on our own part; 'ye? 'you' ai'rrbaa-rou (1 ? 7). The war
had broken out on the initiative of Philip, and not on that
of Olynthus and Athens (Holzinger and Weil).
? 81. 73. e? ppmpe? wus: 1 ? 14, [11] ? 22, 15 ? 35, the only
examples of this Adverb in Demosthenes.
74. rpoaupws, with Boneeiv in ? 5, 1 ? 9, 16 ? 17; and
without in ? 14; 1 ? ? 1, 6; 2 ? 27, 8 ? 38, 14 ? 14.
e? yn'o Fe? v : not followed by 600m fie? , 4 ? ? 10, 50 ; 6 ? 16, 8 ? ? 18,
37. prts: 2 ? 4, 19 ? 83 pr'ts 'rfis dhhns ulnxiqu . .
Kai #e'ydhoi Kivduvol. repzedrao'w. rfis wspifldd'us (iv:
fl repza-ral-q dv. Goodwin M T. ? 215.
75. El. Kaevcbdpzea: Aor. Opt. Mid. (identical in form with
2 Pers. Pl. of Aor. Ind. Mid. , and of Perf. Ind. Pass), 'if we
sacrificed' any of our interests; cp. 16 ? 18, 18? 107, 19 ? 6;
with 'rd. Ti}: 1r6hews [58] ? 6, To rpl'i'yna ib. ? 12, 6. 761111. 21 ? ? 39,
51; cp. 23 ? 96, 2935, 36, 39; [58]? 34. Xen. Hell. ii 23
Ka0u? le? 10ai (' surrender,' 'lower the flag') 102s e? v Heipaisi.
76. 068% 'rov ? 6Bov----rbv 're? 'w nerd. 'rm'rra, 'cven the terror
(i. e. 'danger'), which I see arising from the future, is not
small. '
77. pmpe? v (611m): cp. 4 ? 18. e'xe? v'row . . alas Exouo-i.
(23 ? 182 e? xoifa-rls (4'); 5x61): euphemistic. In 5 ? 18 he says
more plainly, of the Thebans, exam>> d1rex06is. On the
present relations of Athens to the Thebans and Phocians cp.
1 ? 26.
78. (urapqxe? rwv . . Xpfipao-i, 'having become bankrupt,'
'having fallen short (lit. 'hecome exhausted') in money. '
For the Dat. cp. Isocr. 4 ? 92 mi; i/wxais vLKGW'res 1'on o'dmao'w
d1rcT1rov. The sense of the text is the same as in and",
Xpn/Ld'rwv dreipfixea'av (Pans. iv 9, 1), cp. Aeschin. 1 ? 53 Tfi
5a1rdvy dre'hre, Thuc. ii 13, 6 xpfiptam ('with regard to inoncy')
.
