Ware has given an account of them, but it is very imperfect, many of them being altogether omitted, while it is difficult to
distinguish
between the different kings of the same name, there being men tioned three or four Aulass, three or four Sitrics, and several God freys, but no distinction made, such as Aulaf I, and II.
Four Masters - Annals of Ireland
1160, Brodar, son of Thorkil, king of the Danes of
Dublin, was slaim in battle by Maolcron Mac Giollasechnaill, and
the men of South Bregia. In A. D. 1161 Murtogh O'Loghlin,
king of Ulster, having led his forces through Brefney, and to Lic obtained the assistance of various other Anglo-Norman chiefs of blagh in Westmeath, the Danes of Dublin, and the Lagenians, with Wales, as Robert Fitzstephen, Maurice Fitzgerald, Myler Fitz their king, Dermod Mac Murrogh, came to his camp, and made Henry, Hervey de Montmorency, Maurice Prendergast, David de their submission. In the same year, Donal Cavenagh Mac Mur Barry, &c. , and these, with their forces, amounting to about 500 rogh, and the men of Hy Kinsellagh, defeated the Danes of Wex men, knights, archers, &c. , according to Hammer, landed in three ford with great slaughter. In A. D. 1162, Murtogh O'Loghlin, ships at the Bay of Bannow, or Bag-and-Bun, in the county of king of Ulster, at the head of the Northern Irish, the men of Wexford, in May, 1169. According to the Annals of Inisfallen,
Meath, and some Conacians, laid waste Fingall, and marched to Dublin against the Danes, but peace was soon afterwards made be tween the Danes and the Irish, and 140 ounces of gold were given by the Danes to O'Loghlin, and 100 ounces of gold were given to Roderick O'Conor, king of Connaught, by Dermod O'Melaghlin, as a tribute for Westmeath.
Battle in Scotland. —In A. D. 1164, according to Innisfallen, the Danes of Dublin were slaughtered in great numbers by the men of Scotland, and Sorley, the son of Giollabrighde, king of the Hebrides, and of Cantyre, together with his son, Giollabrighde, were slain.
Maurice Fitzgerald had a force of ten Knights, thirty Esquires, and 1000 Archers, thus amounting in all to 1040 men, which is more than twice the number stated by Hammer and others. King Dermod, who was then at Ferns, joined them with a force of 500 picked men, and these combined troops attacked the town of Wex ford, which was bravely defended by the Danish and Irish inha bitants for three days, but was at length taken. Dermod having collected a powerful army, amounting to 3000 men, according to the account of Maurice Regan, king Dermod's secretary, as given in Harris's Hibernica, marched, together with his English allies, against Donal Mac Gillpatrick, prince of Ossory, whose forces he defeated, after great slaughter on both sides, and Dermod ravaged various parts of Leinster. In 1170, on the first of May, Ray
In A. D 1166, Roderick O'Conor, king of Connaught, and mo–
narch of Ireland, marched with his forces, consisting of the Co
nacians, the men of Meath and of Teffia, to Dublin, and was re mond le Gros, and other Anglo-Norman leaders, landed at the ceived there as king, with greater honour and dignity than any Rock of Dundonnell, or Dundrone, in Wexford, a few miles from
his fortress at Ferns, in revenge of the carrying off of the wife of O'Rourke. In A. D. 1167, Roderick O'Conor assembled a great national convention of the princes, bishops, clergy, and people of Meath, Ulster, and Connaught, at Athboy, in Meath, which was
attended by thirteen thousand horsemen, and amongst thosé
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 537
that William, the son of Gerald, whom we have guards, was struck the head with sure aim by mentioned, was brother of Maurice (Fitzgerald), the shot ball through his helmet, that who came in the first invasion, from the king of was thrown from his horse; his party, however, England into Ireland, to aid Dermod Mac Mur carried off the prey, but left John behind them; rogh, king of Leinster, and from him (William), are was afterwards brought Limerick, where was descended most of the Geraldines of Clan Maurice hanged by the commissioners Limerick.
(the Fitz Maurices, earls of Kerry). Mac Teige, Ormond, (in Tipperary), O'Keeffe (of Cork, see note on Desmond), i. e. Conor-an-Chuain (of the harbour), the son
Art, the son of Donal, son of Art, son of Owen, a Teige, grandson Mahon Dunn O'Kennedy,
distinguished man, was killed; and his son Art Oge
was appointed his successor.
The son of Mac Auliffe (of Cork), namely,
Donogh Baun, the son of Malachy, son of Dermod, son of Malachy, and his brother's son Teige, the son of Conor, fell by each other.
John Carrach, the son of William, son of Theo bald Burke, an heir to a property along the river Suir Tipperary), who continued treason till this time, came protection; after the death the earl Desmond, went pursuit prey into the country the Geraldines, and did nothalttill arrived Adare (in Limerick), where collected
Waterford, near the river Suir, with force, said, about side the Irish were, Cathal O'Donoghoe, lord Lough Lein, 130 knights and archers, and being joined by the Anglo-Normans Artgal O'Riordan, Ivor Mac Cathail, Coillen O’Cullen, Donogh
Wexford under Hervey Montmorency, they attacked Water O'Mahony, and Mac Con O'Driscoll, with many others.
the cattle the town; the guards the town
rose out attack the plunderers; John with his
small party horsemen, having turned the Onora, the daughter Donal, son Conor, son
ford, which was defended the Danish and Irish inhabitants, who were defeated, said, chiefly stratagem the English,
who had collected together great number cows, which they
further stated that Mac Carthy defeated them
On the 18th October, 1171, not 1172, stated by several historians, king Henry II. landed
three battles. erroneously
Waterford drove furiously against the approaching troops, who were dis with fleet 400 sail, according Littleton, but only 240 ships
comfited with great loss, and amongst the slain was O'Ryan, lord Idrone, Carlow. Amongst the prisoners were seventy the
according others, and force 4000 cavalry, men-at-arms, and 500 knights; was attended Strongbow, Hugh Lacy, afterwards lord Meath, William Fitz-Adelm de Burgo, ancestor
principal citizens Waterford, whose limbs were first broken by
the English, and their bodies then cast over the rocks into the
sea. 1170, the 23d August, the eve St. Bartholomew's rickard, together with several other Anglo-Norman barons.
day, Strongbow landed Waterford with force 1500 men, according some accounts, but the Annals Inisfallen say 200 knights, and 2000 archers. These forces consisted knights, archers, and cavalry, called men-at-arms, who were all covered with armour, helmets, coats mail, &c. These were joined
the troops Raymond Gros, and the next day they attacked and took Waterford, which was then governed two Danish
chiefs, named Reginald and Smorth, who defended the city with their Danish forces, aided the Irish, under Malachy O'Felan, prince Desies. The Anglo-Normans were twice repulsed, but took the city the 25th August, and stated that 700 the Danes and Irish were slain, and amongst the prisoners were Reginald, the Danish king, and Malachy O'Felan, prince Desies, both whom they condemned death, but O’Felan's life was savedthrough the intercession Dermod Mac Murrogh, who ac
cording previous agreement arrived
King Henry having received the submission and homage Der mod Mac Carthy, king Desmond, Donal O’Brien, king Thomond, and other princes Munster and Leinster, proceeded
Dublin; account king Henry’s progress Ireland, and other matters connected with the English invasion, has been given
197, the notes Ormond and Desies. The following the last notice connected with the Danes Munster:—In A. D. 1174, the forces Strongbow and Raymond Gros having plun dered many parts Waterford and Cork, dispatched the booty
sea, Waterford, under the command Adam Hereford; the Danes Cork equipped thirty-five vessels, and attacked the English fleet near Dungarvan, but after severe engagement they lost the victory, chiefly through the valour Philip Welsh, who boarded the admiral's ship, and killed Gilbert, the son Tur gesius, the Danish commander. 1177, king Henry II. granted Robert Fitz-Stephen and Milo Cogan, for the ser vice sixty knights, himself and his son John, and their heirs, the entire kingdom Cork and Desmond, with the exception the city Cork and the adjoining cantreds, which belonged the Ostmen Danes that city, which the king resolved hold
his own hands.
Dublin taken the Anglo-Normans. —In 1170, Der mod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, and his English allies,
and gave his daughter, Eva,
inheritance the kingdom
1170, according Inisfallen,
mond, receiving intelligence the taking
marchedwith his forces, and the chiefs Desmond,
English, and they fought fierce battle Waterford, which
marriage Leinster,
his successor. A. D.
Dermod Mac Carthy, greatnumbers fell both sides, and amongst the slain the
that day Waterford, Strongbow, with the
king Des Waterford, attack the
died; he was skilful, comfortable, and domestic man, without reproach through life; Philip, the son Dermod Rarofaladh O'Kennedy, was no minated the Mac Teige.
The son Mac Coghlan, Gerald, the son John, son Art, son Cormac, intelligent young man, was, his first assumption chivalry, slain the son O'Kennedy Fionn, namely, Murrogh, the son Bryan, son Donal.
The countess Roiste (de Roche), namely, Eveleen, the daughter Maurice, son David
Roche, the wife Donogh, the son
the earl Thomond, Conor O’Brien, died the Clonroad, and was buried
summer this year the monastery Ennis.
the Burkes, lords Connaught and earls Mayo and Clan
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538 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583.
of Torlogh O'Brien, who had been wife of O'Conor Kerry, i. e. of Conor, died, and was buried on Inis Cathaigh (Iniscatry, an island in the mouth of the Shannon, in the county Clare, opposite Kerry).
The people of Nicholas Malby, and the sons the earl Clanrickard, namely, Ulick and John,
marched with very great force into Iochtar Tire (the Lower Country), and Umhall O'Malley, (barony Burrishoole, Mayo), and immense
was the booty they seized that expedition; they burned and completely plundered Cathair-na-Mart
(the Stone fortress the Oxen, now Westport Mayo), that occasion.
that, however, paid regard, but pierced
his body and speared his side, that left him dead the spot; and was with difficulty persons
could found convey him Athenry, where the beloved man was buried. The death of that
man was source heartfelt sorrow the people his own country, account his distinguished good sense, personal figure, lineage, hospitality,
nobleness, and good actions.
Mac William Burke, i. e. Richard the Iron, the son David, son Edmond, son Ulick,
man noted for depredations, conflicts, marches,
and valorous deeds, who often forced the dangerous The son the earl Clanrickard, i. e. John pass against his enemies, and who was also often
Burke, the son Rickard Saxanach, son the Heads, son Rickard, son
Ulick defeated, died; and Richard, the son Oliver,
son John, was appointed his successor.
O’Reilly, i. e. Hugh Conallach, the son Maol mora, son John, son Cathal, person who spent his period goverment without opposition, kill his brother account the partition ter and his time without misfortune, and who kept
ritory, for are mortal the hour this life; was lamentable that Ulick had not pondered his mind the saying “Gurbo maol gualagan brathair,”
Knock Tuagh, was unkindredly slain
Ulick his bro
ther, Ulick Burke, nocturnal attack. Alas! how woeful was that brother should be induced
Brefney without being endangered by the attacks his English and Irish neighbours while lived, died, and was buried the monastery Cavan; and his wife Isibel (Isabella) Barnwell, died, the out brother, and that person alone not host; same time along with him. The son that
that that shoulder bare (unprotected), with
having resolved take Dublin, marched with their combined for
city by assault, they massacred great numbers the inhabitants the midst their fortress. This event took place, according Maurice Regan, the festival St. Matthew the Apostle,
ces from Waterford, Wexford, and Ferns, according
Cambrensis, through the mountains Glendalough
According the account Maurice Regan, published
Hibernica, their forces were follows: Milo Cogan commanded Murrogh and earl Strongbow having entered Dublin, seized there
the vanguard the head lowed next with 800; men, thus making 4,500
700 men, and Raymond Gros fol the rere was earl Strongbow with 3000 the Anglo-Normans English. Der
great abundance provisions,
other valuable articles; after
Dermod returned Ferns, where
year. Milo Cogan was appointed the first English governor Dublin, and Strongbow having proceeded with his forces Meath and the borders Brefney, plundered and burned Clonard, Kells, Tailten, Slane, Kilskire, and other churches, and carried off many captives, and great spoils and preys cattle their camp. appears that this period there was co-operation between king Roderick O'Conor and the Danes Dublin, hence Roderick retired with his forces without defending the city. On the taking Dublin, the Danish king Asculph Mac Thorkil, with many the wealthy citizens, fled their ships the Liffey, and sailed the Isle Mann and Orkneys with their treasures and valuable effects. Asculph, determined attempt the recovery Dublin, collected
great force Danes and Norwegians from the Orkneys, He
brides, and Isle Mann, and, about Whitsuntide, 1171,
landed Dublin with fleet 60 ships and 10,000 men, accord
ing Regan; one their chief commanders was famous Nor wegian warrior immense strength, and gigantic stature;
mod Mac Murrogh had 1000 Irish chosen men, and his son, Donal Cavenagh, had another large body Irish, more than 1000,
their entire army thus amounting about 7000 men, well armed and disciplined. King Roderick O'Conor, with Tiarnan O’Rourke, prince Brefney, and Murtogh O'Carroll, prince Orgiall, led
wealth, gold and silver, and few days stay Dublin, king died the course the same
powerful army against the Lagenians and their English allies, and having encamped Clondalkin, they remained there prepared for battle for three days, but, according the Four Masters, accidental fire happened, Dublin the time, and the Danes who defended the fortress, having deceived the Conacians and Ulster forces, king Roderick retired without defending the city
giving battle the invaders who advanced against Dublin; Strongbow and Dermod encamped some distance, but Milo
Cogan came close the walls. Strongbow and Dermod sent Maurice Regan herald summon the city surrender, and demand 30 hostages. Asculph Mac Thorkil, then the
Giraldus Wicklow. Harris's
namely, the 21st September, 1170, and Dermod Mac
Danish king Dublin, prepared his forces defend the city, but
fearing the issue siege, promised deliver the city and
the hostages; the mean time Laurence O'Toole, then archbishop John the Mad furious. The Danish champions are thus de
Dublin, went the English camp intercede for the inhabi tants with Dermod Mac Murrogh, who was much incensed against them, the Danes having some years before ignominiously put death his father, Murrogh, king Leinster, and buried his body
derision, with that dog. The time parley having passed while they were disputing about the hostages, Milo Cogan and Raymond Gros led their troops suddenly and treacherously against undefended point the walls, and having entered the
scribed Hanmer from Cambrensis:—“They were all mighty men war, and well appointed after the Danish manner, being harnessed with good Brigandines, Jacks, and coats mail; their shields, bucklers, and targets were round and coloured red, and bound about with iron, and they seemed arms, were they no less mind, iron-strong and mighty. ” The garrison Dublin was commanded Miles and Richard Cogan, and they were assisted Irish prince named Giollamocholmoge, who lived
called some John Dene, and others John Wode, signifying
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 539
O’Reilly, namely John Roe, was endeavouring to sides plundering the town, for was that oc assume the government of the country, through casion O’Coinne (O'Quinn), and the son, Mac the influence of the English, in opposition to Hugh, together with many others, were slain by Edmond, the son of Maolmora, who was the senior O’Donnell.
according to the custom of the Irish, and the result Donogh, the son
was that the country and lordship were divided killed by the crew between the tribe of Maolmora. Bryan, the son
the Calvach O’Donnell, was Scottish fleet.
Donogh, son Cuchonacht, The son of O'Conor Sligo, i. e. Cahir, the son of son Cuchonacht Maguire, man who bore
Teige Oge, son of Teige, son of Hugh, was trea good name for nobleness and hospitality, died.
cherously slain by a party of the O’Harts.
The son of O'Conor Don, i. e. Torlogh, the son of Dermod, son of Carbry, son of Owen Caoch,
son of Felim Geangcach, died.
Teige Oge, the son of Teige O’Rourke, died in
imprisonment with O’Rourke, namely, Bryan, the
Great depredations were committed Sorley Buighe, the son Mac Donnell (of Antrim), by Hugh, the son Felim Bacach O'Neill, by Mac Quillan, and the English; Sorley Buighe, and his kinsmen, went pursuit the preys, and defeated
those before them, and took the preys from them; Hugh, the son Felim Bacach, was slain
son of Bryan, son of Owen.
Oilen-na-dTuath, i. e. Port-an-Oilein (now pro on that occasion, together with one two compa
bably Inishdooey, or Owey, off the north western nies the English, and the rest them fled coast of Donegal), was taken by Mac Sweeney of without prey victory.
the Districts i. e. Owen Oge, the son of Owen Torlogh, the son Donal O'Brien, and John Oge, son of Owen, son of Donal, from the sons of Roe, the son Hugh Conallach, son Maolmora
O’Reilly (of Cavan), went England, and were installed the degrees knighthood one day,
The town of O'Neill, i. e. of Torlogh Luinech,
namely, Srathban (Strabane, county of Tyrone),
was burned by O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh, the son of
Manus; and he did great damages to O’Neill be killed by the O'Malleys, Iniscaoil.
Donal, the son of Donogh, and the sons of Donal were slain there.
near Dublin. John le Dene, at the head of his Norwegians, gave a
furious assault at the east gate, afterwards called Dames-Gate,
from the ancient church of St. Mary les Dames, which was situ
ated there near the castle. The place was vigorously defendedby
Miles de Cogan, and after great numbers were slain on both sides,
de Cogan was repulsed; in the meantime Richard de Cogan ra Tiarnan O'Rourke, prince Brefney, Murrogh O'Carroll, prince
pidly rushed out at the south gate with his cavalry and charged the Danish forces in the rear, who were defeated with great slaugh
ter, and then fled to their ships. John the Furious, scorning to fly, fought with amazing valour, and slew great numbers with his
own hand; amongst his feats it is recorded by Regan and others,
that with a single blow of his battle-axe he cut off the thigh of an
English horseman, so that the limb fell to the ground on one side,
and the body on the other, but the heroic John at length overcome
by numbers was slain by Miles de Cogan and Walter de Riddlesford.
These events took place in the month of June, A. D. 1171, and it
is stated by Regan and others, that 2000 of the Danish forces were
slain in the attack on Dublin, and but few of the English; but the
Four Masters state that great numbers were slain on both sides,
and it is probable, therefore, that at least 1000 of the English fell
in the engagement. It appears the Anglo-Normans or English ments for the space fortnight. The city was defended by
were superior to the Danish forces in discipline, though not in valour,and gained their victories chiefly through the strength of their
cavalry who were covered with armour, and called Men-at-Arms, while the Danes had no horse troops to contend against them. Asculph attempting to escape to his ships was taken prisoner and brought back to Dublin, where refusing to pay a ransom his life; and uttering some threats defiance against the English,
with morebravery than prudence was their power, was order Miles Cogan hanged and beheaded the strand sight his own men, board their ships. Thus fell Asculph Mac Thorkil, last Danish king Dublin, and with him
strong garrison under earl Strongbow, Raymond Gros, Maurice Fitzgerald, Miles and Richard Cogan, Myler Fitz-Henry, Mau rice Prendergast, Robert Quincy, standard-bearer Leinster, Walter Riddlesford, &c. ; and they had also large force Irish allies from Leinster under Donal Cavenagh, son the late king Dermod Mac Murrogh, together with two chiefs from Wick low named Mac Geley and Auliff O'Carvy. The garrison being hard pressed by the besiegers, and great want provisions, held council and came resolution, according the advice Strongbow, stated Regan, sending the archbishop Laurence O'Toole king Roderick's camp with proposal that Roderick
the summer this year, the presence queen Elizabeth.
Donogh, the son O'Boyle,
Torlogh, was
terminated the rule the Northmen, after they had maintained their position Dublin for about 330 years from the time Tur gesius, and their power passed the Anglo-Normans.
the course the year 1171, some time after the capture Dublin and the death Mac Thorkil, king Roderick O'Conor with
Oirgiall, and Mac Dunlevey, prince Ulidia, collected great
army attack and take Dublin from the English Roderick was joined, according Regan and others, some the princes
Munster and Leinster, and
amounted 30,000 men.
and had part his forces
Mac Dunlevey, were stationed Clontarf; Donal O’Brien, king
said that their combined forces Roderick encamped Castleknock,
Finglas; O'Rourke, O'Carroll, and
Thomond, encamped Kilmainham, and Murrogh, prince
Hy Kinsellagh, with the Lagenians, were located Dalkey.
Godred, king the Isle Mann, was also inalliance with Roderick,
and came Dublin with his forces and fleet 30 ships, which
guarded the harbour; these combined forces besieged Dublin, ac
cording some accounts, for two months, and the Four Masters state, that they fought with the English garrison many engage
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540 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583.
Fearfeadha, the son of Torlogh Meirgeach Mac
Sweeney, died in the town of Mac Sweeney, of Banagh (in Donegal).
O'Neill, i. e. Torlogh Luineach, was at Strabane with a great party of the English along with him, and they were contemplating and threatening to go to plunder Tirconnell, in retaliation for the burning of Strabane before that time. When O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh, the son ofManus, received intelligence of
that affair, he quickly collected his forces to oppose them, and immediately marched to Druim Lighean
(Dromlyn, near Lifford, in Donegal), where he occasion, among whom were O’Gormley, encamped, in the month of June, precisely. A Cormac Mac Hugh, and Maolmurry, the son troop of O'Neill's cavalry often came to carry on Dermod, son Mahon, son Tuathal O'Clery, skirmishes and attacks against O’Donnell’s cavalry, the most prized hostage O’Neill and the Ty which were promptly resisted by O'Donnell's peo ronians; for his father, and O'Neill himself, were ple, so that some fell between them each day. It born the same mother, and all O’Neill’s wealth happened on a certain occasion that the select was under his controul, on account his relation cavalry forces O’Neill marched with vigour and ship
boasting, and with scorn and contempt, against
the Tirconnallians, and did not halt their career
until they crossed the river Finn, and through
Port-na-dTri-Namhad, and the vicinity
O'Donnell’s camp. The people O’Donnell were that time somewhat dismayed, but, however,
raised the siege, Strongbow would consent hold Leinster sub Anglo-Normans, whose knights, cavalry, and archers, were all
jection him, but Roderick refused these terms, and insisted that the English should evacuate Dublin, Waterford, Wexford, and all
the castles and forts held them, and depart from Ireland. Arch bishop O'Toole, with great ardour and patriotism, advised and ex
cited king Roderick and the Irish chiefs expel the English, and afterwards even joined the Irish forces. Strongbow and his chiefs would not consent the conditions proposed king
completely armed and covered with armour. The Irish under king Roderick being thus defeated, his ally Godred retired with
Roderick, and resolved defend Dublin the last extremity; having laid their plans, they prepared for sudden sally against the camp Roderick, and early the morning led their best troops, consisting knights, men-at-arms, and archers, commanded by Strongbow, Raymond Gros, Maurice Fitzgerald, Miles and Richard Cogan, &c. , towards Finglas, where part king Roderick's
the Anglo-Normans under Miles Cogan, but after great num
bers had fallen both sides the Irish were defeated, and Hugh,
son Tiarnan O'Rourke, tanist Brefney, O'Quinn, and other
chiefs were slain. A. D. 1172, Tiarnan O'Rourke, prince
Brefney, was treacherously slain by the English conference
near Athboy, with Hugh Lacy, lord Meath, and his head
was cut off and placed over the castle gate Dublin, and his
body gibbetted with the feet upwards, the north gate the
city, according the annalists, “a most woful spectacle the
Destruction men and property during the Danish wars. -In the preceding articles full account has been given the various Danish invasions and wars, which continued, appears, from the latter end the eighth, beyond the middle the twelfth cen tury, comprising period 377 years, from their first invasion A. D. 794, the taking Dublin by the Anglo-Normans, and the death Asculph Mac Thorkilin A. D. 1171. The Northmen
Danes and Norwegians were very warlike and valiant people, and the same time very politic and crafty, and though not supe rior the Irish valour, they appear have generally over matched them policy. has been shewn the preceding accounts that the Danes and Norwegians held the cities Dub lin, Wexford, Waterford, Limerick, and Cork, and had powerful fleets these harbours, and the great lakes and bays through out Ireland, Loughs Neagh, Belfast, Strangford, Foyle, Swilly, and Erne, Ulster; Lough Corrib, the Bay Galway, &c.
forces were encamped, and the rest Castleknock. The Anglo Normans surprised the camp, the Irish being unprepared for any
Irish,”
attack, and king Roderick himself
soner, being the time preparing
were dispersed, the Anglo-Normans
they found great abundance provisions, and they returned with much booty triumph Dublin. The Four Masters give different and more probable account this affair, and state that king Roderick, with the cavalry Brefney and Orgiall, went carry off and burn the corn the English, and that while absent
said was nearly taken pri take bath. After the Irish plundered the camp, where
this expedition, earl Strongbow and his forces surprised and
took the camp the northern Irish, and slew great numbers
them. The other Irish chiefs encamped Kilmainham and Dal
key, appears withdrew their forces without fighting blow, but
the Irish kings and chiefs never acted with any cordial unani
mity concert, being always influenced by mutual jealousies, and
their councils full of dissension and discord. Besides the Irish
troops were very undisciplined, and though equal the Danes and
Anglo-Normans valour, they were often defeated, and the in Connaught; Lough Ree the Shannon, Meath; Lough Derg, vaders appear have had better disciplined forces, particularly the and the bay Limerick, the Shannon, Munster, and also
they once prepared meet those troops, and
they made charge them; fierce and violent
conflict and onset ensued, which lasted for long time, but O’Neill’s cavalry were length put
flight towards the Finn, across which they had come, and were closely pressed the pursuit, without relaxation, surrounded and circumvented,
that they were not able gain the ford, and were, therefore, obliged face the river before them, where they rushed; great numbers O'Neill’s people were slain and drowned that
his ships
was made
the men
the Isle Mann. 1171, another attempt recover Dublin by Tiarnan O'Rourke the head Brefney and Orgiall, who fought some conflicts against
him; and (O'Neill), would not have give three times the usual amount
hesitated sorts
gratified his having fallen by them.
wealth for his ransom, he could
redeemed; was wounded and drowned O'Donnell’s people, who were greatly rejoiced and
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 541
A. D. 1584.
was profitable service for him, for received suitable good payment from the queen, viz. , the constableship the town Athlone, the govern orship the province Connaught for seven years before his death, with Roscommon and Beal
Atha-na-Sluaigheadh (Ballinasloe,
Sir Nicholas Mal
by, governor of the
province of Con
naught, died in Ath
lone about Shrove las, until the arrival Sir Richard Bingham
ERALD,
and heir of the earl
of Kildare, died in England.
the son
tide; he was a man
learned in languag
es and inthetongues
of the islands of wes
tern Europe, a va O'Loghlin, (lord Burren, Clare), was taken liant and battle-tri prisoner the beginning the month March
umphant man, throughout Ireland, Scotland, and this year, Muic-Inis (Hog Island), Tor France, in the service of his sovereign, and that logh, the son Donal O'Brien, and was after
the bays of Cork, Waterford, Wexford, Dublin, Drogheda, and Normanic Antiquities, and the Chronicle the Kings the Isle Dundalk. They had also numerous strong fortresses in the cities Mann, and the Norwegian Earls the Orkney Islands, the
perpetuity but, however,
himself and his heirs, was from the sons
Galway), succession;
the earl
Ireland, high commissioner the province
first procured Ballinasloe. Cap
Clanrickard
tain Brabazon succeeded the place Sir Nicho
Connaught, the month June the following Summer.
Torlogh, the son Anthony, son Malachy
and towns along the sea coasts, and near the great lakes, and is number Danish kings Dublin each name given, and chro suing forth from their ships and strongholds, they repeatedly ra nologically arranged, and accounts are also given the Irish
vagedthe entire country, plundering, laying waste, and burning the abbeys, churches, colleges, and towns, carrying away or des troying the crops, corn, and cattle, committing many massacres on the monks, clergy, and people, and carrying off many thousands into captivity, dispersing the Bards, Brehons, and learned men, burning their books, and destroying various works of art, the entire of Ireland thus presenting, during their time, a continued sceneof rapine and slaughter. The amount of property destroyed during the devastations of these ruthless robbers, for many centu ries, must have been enormous, and the inroads of these fierce and semi-barbarous invaders reduced the country to a complete state of anarchy, and retarded all civilization. In the various battles which have been described, accounts are given of four of the mo narchs of Ireland, about twenty of the provincial kings, and a vast number of princes and chiefs, who were slain; and also of about ten of the Danish kings, and an immense number of their earls and chiefs, who were killed. In the incessant warfare and sanguinary
contests with the Northmen throughout all parts of the country, for a period of 377 years, it is probable that in the almost innume rable fierce battles, conflicts, and massacres recorded by the histo rians, and in many other engagements, the accounts of which are lost, there fell three hundred thousand of the invaders, and two hundred thousand of the Irish, making in all half a million of men slain in Ireland during the Danish wars.
The Danish Kings of Dublin. -Im the preceding articles on the Danish wars, an account has beengiven of the various kings and Iarls who ruled over the Northmen, or Danes and Norwegians in Dublin ; and in the notes, from p. 481 to 487, and also pp. 508,500, 535, an account has been given of the Danish kings and lords of Waterford and Limerick. This is the first attempt to give a full catalogue and accurate chronology of the Danish kings of Dublin.
Ware has given an account of them, but it is very imperfect, many of them being altogether omitted, while it is difficult to distinguish between the different kings of the same name, there being men tioned three or four Aulass, three or four Sitrics, and several God freys, but no distinction made, such as Aulaf I, and II. , Sitric I.
kings who occasionally ruled over the Northmen Dublin, the Mac Murroghs, kings Leinster, the O'Briens, kings Munster, and the O'Conors, kings Connaught. The Danish kings ruled over the city Dublin, and considerable part the country called Fingall, extending along the sea-coast between Dublin and Drogheda, far Balbriggan, and comprising the greater part
the baronies Coolock, Nethercross, and Balrothery, and they also possessed the places along the coast south the Liffey,
and II, and so the present catalogue, partly collected from
Ivar I. , lord succeeded king
the Danes Dublin for
Limerick, and brother Aulaf, years, and died 872.
W*are, but chiefly from the Annals the four Masters, and Innisfallen, and also from the ancient histories Norway, and from Johnstone's celto-scandinavian
Ulster, Denmark, and celto:
Ostin, son Aulaf, succeeded king Dublin for
years, and was treacherously slain 875 by some his own people.
the county fortresses
Clondalkin, power into Kildare, far
had fortress
and appear have extended their Athy. The Irish kings frequently subjection, and often had oppor
Dublin, with some parts Wicklow, and they had Dunleary, Dalkey, Bray, and Delgany; they also
reduced the Danes Dublin
tunities altogether expelling them from the country, but does
not appear they were anxious do so, but rather permitted them reside Dublin for purposes commerce, and they often ob tained tributes from them, and many the kings Meath and Leinster formed alliances and intermarriages with the Danish kings Dublin; and may observed that many the Irish chiefs,
adopted Danish names, such Aulaf, Sitric, Ivar, Godfrey, Regi nald Ranall, Lochlin, &c. , they afterwards took the English names Henry, William, Edward, Edmond, Richard, Charles, George, &c. The kings the Danes Northmen Dublin were mostly Norwegians, and many them were also kings over the Danes and Norwegians Northumbria, the Isle Mann, the Hebrides, and Orkney Islands. As shewn the notes 467, the North men first took possession Dublin, A. D. 836, and Asculph Mac Thorkil, the last Danish king Dublin, was slain A. D. 1171; thus they ruled over Dublin for 335 years, appears from the following chronological catalogue their kings:
Turgesius,
from A. D. 896 Meath—(see note
Norwegian, ruled over Dublin about years,
Aulaf years, from 853
846, when 467).
Norwegian 870, when
was slain Malachy, king
prince, became king Dublin died Dublin.
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542 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1584.
wards put to death by captain Brabazon, at the Clam-Quilein (in Clare), namely, Donogh, the son following summer sessions in Ennis. of Teige, son of Cumeadha, son of Cumara, son of The son of Mac Namara of the western part of John, died; he was a man most dreaded by his
5. Godfrey, or Godefrid I. , son of Ivar, succeeded for 13 years, and was slain in 888, by the contrivance of his brother Sitric.
6. Sitric I. , son of Ivar and brother of Godfrey, succeeded 4 years, and was slain by the Danish people in 892.
19. Gluniarn, son of Aulaf W. , succeeded 7 years, and was slain, A. D. 988, by one of his own people; he was called by the Irish Glun-Iarain, which signifies Iron-knee, probably from his
wearing iron armour on his limbs.
20. Sitric III. , brother of Gluniarn, and son of Aulaf V.
and Gormfaith, succeeded as king of Dublin 40 years, to A. D. 1028, when, having set out on a pilgrimage to Rome, he died on
7. Geoffrey Merle, a Danish lord of Dublin in 892, had great contentions with Sitric, and they divided the city between them, Sitric ruling over one half, and Geoffrey over the other.
his way. He is called by the Danish writers Sitric of the Silken Beard, and he was also called Sitric of Clontarf, having com manded in that celebrated battle, and conspired with his mother, Gormfaith, and her brother, Maolmora Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, to dethrone Brian Boru, who had been married to Gorm flaith after the death of Aulaf.
8. Aulaf II. , son of Ivar, and brother of Sitric, succeeded about one year, and was slain in 893, in a battle in Ulster with the men of Tirconnell.
9. Thorkil, son of Harold Harfager, king of Norway, became king of the Northmen in Dublin, about 3 years, from 903 to 906, when he was slain by the Irish (see note p. 481). -
21. Aulaf VI. , son of Sitric III. , succeeded as king of Dublin about 6 years, and having, in the year 1034, set out on a pil grimage to Rome, was slain in England.
10. Aulaf III. , called Aulaf the Fair in the Icelandic Saga, a
son or grandson of Harold Harfager, king of Norway, became king
of the Northmen in Dublin for two or three years, but was slain in battle with the Irish about A. D. 909.
11. Reginald I. succeeded as king of Dublin A. D. 910; he was son of Hingvar or Ivar, the Danish king of Northumbria, and this
Ivar was son of Ragnar Lodbrog, the famous king of Denmark, of
whose exploits an account has been given at pp. 460, 462, in these notes.
12. Barith, or Barredo, the son of Oittir, a Norwegian chief of the Isle of Mann, became, along with Reginald, joint ruler over the Northmen of Dublin, but in A. D. 913, having contended for the supremacy, they fought a fierce naval battle at the Isle of Mann, in which the forces of Barredo were totally defeated, and himself slain. Reginald ruled about 10 years, and died at Dub lin, A. D. 921.
22. Sitric IV. , son of Aulaf VI. , succeeded 7 years; in 1038 he founded the Cathedral of Christ Church, in Dublin, and died A. D. 1042.
13. Sitric II. , brother of Reginald, and son of Ivar, Danish
king of Northumbria, succeeded as king over the Northmen of
Dublin, and was at the same time Danish king of Northumbria.
Sitric was a powerful prince, and was married to a sister of in 1070.
Athelstan, king of England; he is called by the Four Masters 27. Godred Crovan, king of the Isle of Mann and the He Sitric Gale, that is Sitric the Valiant, and he commanded in the brides, and son of Harold the Black of Iceland, a descendant of great battle near Dublin, A. D. 917, in which the Irish were de the kings of Norway, in the year 1068 took Dublin, and con feated, and the monarch, Niall Glundubh, was slain. Sitric ruled
over Dublin about 5 years, and died A. D. 926.
14. Godfrey II. , son of Sitric II. , succeeded as Danish king of Dublin, and also of Northumbria; he ruled over Dublin 6 years, to his death, A. D. 932, and is called by the annalists “ the most cruel king of the Northmen. ”
quered part of Leinster, and he ruled as king of Dublin about 8 years, from 1068 to 1076; he chiefly resided in the Isle of Mann, and died in 1076, at the Island of Ila, in the Hebrides.
15. Aulaf IV. , son of Godfrey II. succeeded; he was called Aulaf the Red, and Aulaf of Brunanburgh, having fought that great
28. Donal Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, assumed authority for a few years over the Danes, and was styled king of Dublin; he died in 1075.
battle against the Anglo-Saxons, as described in the notes at p. 483; Aulaf was married to a daughter of Constantine, king of
29. Murtogh O'Brien, prince of Thomond, son of Torlogh
O'Brien, king of Munster, was appointed by his father king of
Dublin, and he ruled over the Danes for about 10 years, to A. D. 1085.
30. Godfrey Merenagh, who was Godfrey IV. , and a relative of Godred Crovan, king of Dublin, on the death of Godred in 1076 was appointed by the Danes of Dublin as their king, and he ruled over them for about 18 years to A. D. 1094, but his authority was much diminished by Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, and O’Brien, king of Munster, who assumed power over the Danes, and called themselves kings of Dublin. In A. D. 1094, Murtogh O'Brien, king of Munster, expelled from Dublin Godfrey Merenagh, who soon after died, and he appointed his own son Donal as king of Dublin.
31. Donal O'Brien ruled as king over Dublin for about 24 years, from 1094 to 1118, when he became a monk and retired to the monastery of Lismore, where he died A. D. 1185, at a very
advanced age.
32. Torlogh O'Conor, son of Roderick, king of Connaught, re
duced the Danes of Dublin to subjection, and ruled over them nominally as king for 7 years from 1118 to 1125.
33. Conor O'Conor. —In 1126 Torlogh O'Conor marched to Dublin and appointed his son Conor as king over the Danes, but he ruled there only about one year, as the Danes revolted and deposed him in 1127.
Scotland; he was a very valiant warrior, and ruled over Dublin about 11 years, to his death, A. D. 943, and he was some time Danish king of Northumbria.
16. Blacar, brother of Aulaf IV. , succeeded, and having ruled over Dublin about 3 years, was slain in a great battle with the Irish, near Dublin. A. D. 946.
17. Godfrey III. , son of Sitric, and grandson of Sitric II. ,
succeeded 5 years, and was slain in battle with the Irish in 951.
This Godfrey and many of his people were converted to the Chris
tian faith, and he was the first Christian king of the Danes of Dublin.
18. Aulaf V. , brother of Godfrey III. , succeeded, and ruled over the Danes of Dublin 30 years; in A. D. 981, he retired to the abbey of St. Columkille, at Iona, in the Hebrides, where he soon after died in penitence and pilgrimage. He was a powerful
and valiant prince, and is often mentioned by the Irish writers, under the name of Aulaf Cuaran, and he was called by the Danish writers, Aulaf Quaran; he was married to Gormfaith, sister of Maolmora Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, and this Gorm flaith, called by the Danish writers Kormloda, was, after the death of Aulaf, married to Brian Boru.
23. Aulaf VII. , son of Aulaf VI. , succeeded about 2 or 3 years to A. D. 1045.
24. Ivar II. , son of Harold, is mentioned in the Annals at this time as king of Dublin.
25. Emeric, called by the Irish writers Eachmarcach, son of Reginald, was also king of the Danes of Dublin for some years at this time. The period of Ivar II. and Emeric, was from about A. D. 1045 to 1060, but they were partly in subjection to the Mac Murroghs, kings of Leinster.
26. Murrogh Mac Murrogh, son of Dermod Mac Maolnambo, king of Leinster, and his father, assumed at this time authority over the Danes, and were the first Irish kings over the Dames of Dublin. The Mac Murroghs partly ruled over the Danes of Dub lin for about 20 years, and Murrogh Mac Murrogh died at Dublin
enemies in the field of action, of any other of the Clan Cuilein.
Roderick Carrach, the son Maolmurry, son
Donogh son Torlogh Mac Sweeny, was put death Cork.
general peace was proclaimed over Ireland,
Connaught.
35. Murrogh Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, about
1128, assumed the authority king over the Danes Dublin, but having ruled tyrannically, they sent for Godred, king Mann, son Aulaf, and grandson Godred Crovan, who 1134 came
In Dublin, the following were the Danish bishops:—Donatus
37. Conor O'Brien, king 1141, reduced the Danes
Munster, having marched subjection, and ruled
Dub king
names, and many them prefixed and Mac Samuel O'Haingly, nephew Donatus, native Benedictine monk the abbey St. Alban's,
their names.
over them for about years.
partly Danish king Dublin for years, from
Dublin, over which he presided from 1095 his death 1121. Gregory, who was the first archbishop Dublin, was Ostman, and consecrated Lambeth, Ralph, archbishop Canterbury. Gregory presided over the see Dublin forty years, from 1121 his death 1161; was the last Danish bishop Dublin, and was succeeded the celebrated St. Laurence O’Toole.
In Waterford, Malchus, Dane, who had been Benedictine
136
Dub the
40. Brodar, brother Reginald II. , became Danish king Dublin about years, from 1150 1160, when was slain battle by the men South Bregia Fingal.
41. Dermod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, assumed autho
1146, when 39. Oittir,
was slain battle by the men Meath. Danish earl the Hebrides, becameking
years, from 1146 1148, when was slain
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 543
34. Thorfinn, son Thorkil Torcal, Norwegian earl the Limerick, Waterford, and Cork, and some small parts the ad Orkneys, was this time about years acknowledged their joining territory. The following account taken from Ware's king the Danes Dublin, his death 1124, but his antho Bishops Harris, Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History, D'Alton's rity was great extent superseded the O'Conors, kings - Archbishops Dublin, &c.
Dublin with great forces and defeated Mac Murrogh.
36. Godred II. , was only about year two king Dublin, Ostman, according Ware, studied Ireland, and became
and returned the Isle Mann Mac Murrogh again succeeded but was treacherously slain the Danes Dublin about
1136, after he had ruled over them for about years; was father Dermod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, who brought overthe English.
Benedictine monk Canterbury; was appointed bishop Dublin, and sat from 1085 his death 1095. The three fore mentioned bishops were all consecrated Lanfranc, archbishop
Canterbury, and appears this bishop O'Haingly was
Dane, that some the Danish familes this time took Irish sur
was the first bishop the Danes
his death 1074, and he, the aid
Dublin, founded the Cathedral
Danish bishop, succeeded from 1074 1084, when was drowned his passage England. Donatus O'Haingly,
Dublin, from 1038, Sitric, the Danish king Christ Church. Patrick,
Ireland, and England, was
-
38. Reginald II. , son Thorkil, and brother Thorfinn, ruled consecrated by Anselm, archbishop Canterbury, bishop
for about
sonsof Mac Thorkil.
rity over the Danes Dublin to 1160.
Dublin, was slaim in battle by Maolcron Mac Giollasechnaill, and
the men of South Bregia. In A. D. 1161 Murtogh O'Loghlin,
king of Ulster, having led his forces through Brefney, and to Lic obtained the assistance of various other Anglo-Norman chiefs of blagh in Westmeath, the Danes of Dublin, and the Lagenians, with Wales, as Robert Fitzstephen, Maurice Fitzgerald, Myler Fitz their king, Dermod Mac Murrogh, came to his camp, and made Henry, Hervey de Montmorency, Maurice Prendergast, David de their submission. In the same year, Donal Cavenagh Mac Mur Barry, &c. , and these, with their forces, amounting to about 500 rogh, and the men of Hy Kinsellagh, defeated the Danes of Wex men, knights, archers, &c. , according to Hammer, landed in three ford with great slaughter. In A. D. 1162, Murtogh O'Loghlin, ships at the Bay of Bannow, or Bag-and-Bun, in the county of king of Ulster, at the head of the Northern Irish, the men of Wexford, in May, 1169. According to the Annals of Inisfallen,
Meath, and some Conacians, laid waste Fingall, and marched to Dublin against the Danes, but peace was soon afterwards made be tween the Danes and the Irish, and 140 ounces of gold were given by the Danes to O'Loghlin, and 100 ounces of gold were given to Roderick O'Conor, king of Connaught, by Dermod O'Melaghlin, as a tribute for Westmeath.
Battle in Scotland. —In A. D. 1164, according to Innisfallen, the Danes of Dublin were slaughtered in great numbers by the men of Scotland, and Sorley, the son of Giollabrighde, king of the Hebrides, and of Cantyre, together with his son, Giollabrighde, were slain.
Maurice Fitzgerald had a force of ten Knights, thirty Esquires, and 1000 Archers, thus amounting in all to 1040 men, which is more than twice the number stated by Hammer and others. King Dermod, who was then at Ferns, joined them with a force of 500 picked men, and these combined troops attacked the town of Wex ford, which was bravely defended by the Danish and Irish inha bitants for three days, but was at length taken. Dermod having collected a powerful army, amounting to 3000 men, according to the account of Maurice Regan, king Dermod's secretary, as given in Harris's Hibernica, marched, together with his English allies, against Donal Mac Gillpatrick, prince of Ossory, whose forces he defeated, after great slaughter on both sides, and Dermod ravaged various parts of Leinster. In 1170, on the first of May, Ray
In A. D 1166, Roderick O'Conor, king of Connaught, and mo–
narch of Ireland, marched with his forces, consisting of the Co
nacians, the men of Meath and of Teffia, to Dublin, and was re mond le Gros, and other Anglo-Norman leaders, landed at the ceived there as king, with greater honour and dignity than any Rock of Dundonnell, or Dundrone, in Wexford, a few miles from
his fortress at Ferns, in revenge of the carrying off of the wife of O'Rourke. In A. D. 1167, Roderick O'Conor assembled a great national convention of the princes, bishops, clergy, and people of Meath, Ulster, and Connaught, at Athboy, in Meath, which was
attended by thirteen thousand horsemen, and amongst thosé
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 537
that William, the son of Gerald, whom we have guards, was struck the head with sure aim by mentioned, was brother of Maurice (Fitzgerald), the shot ball through his helmet, that who came in the first invasion, from the king of was thrown from his horse; his party, however, England into Ireland, to aid Dermod Mac Mur carried off the prey, but left John behind them; rogh, king of Leinster, and from him (William), are was afterwards brought Limerick, where was descended most of the Geraldines of Clan Maurice hanged by the commissioners Limerick.
(the Fitz Maurices, earls of Kerry). Mac Teige, Ormond, (in Tipperary), O'Keeffe (of Cork, see note on Desmond), i. e. Conor-an-Chuain (of the harbour), the son
Art, the son of Donal, son of Art, son of Owen, a Teige, grandson Mahon Dunn O'Kennedy,
distinguished man, was killed; and his son Art Oge
was appointed his successor.
The son of Mac Auliffe (of Cork), namely,
Donogh Baun, the son of Malachy, son of Dermod, son of Malachy, and his brother's son Teige, the son of Conor, fell by each other.
John Carrach, the son of William, son of Theo bald Burke, an heir to a property along the river Suir Tipperary), who continued treason till this time, came protection; after the death the earl Desmond, went pursuit prey into the country the Geraldines, and did nothalttill arrived Adare (in Limerick), where collected
Waterford, near the river Suir, with force, said, about side the Irish were, Cathal O'Donoghoe, lord Lough Lein, 130 knights and archers, and being joined by the Anglo-Normans Artgal O'Riordan, Ivor Mac Cathail, Coillen O’Cullen, Donogh
Wexford under Hervey Montmorency, they attacked Water O'Mahony, and Mac Con O'Driscoll, with many others.
the cattle the town; the guards the town
rose out attack the plunderers; John with his
small party horsemen, having turned the Onora, the daughter Donal, son Conor, son
ford, which was defended the Danish and Irish inhabitants, who were defeated, said, chiefly stratagem the English,
who had collected together great number cows, which they
further stated that Mac Carthy defeated them
On the 18th October, 1171, not 1172, stated by several historians, king Henry II. landed
three battles. erroneously
Waterford drove furiously against the approaching troops, who were dis with fleet 400 sail, according Littleton, but only 240 ships
comfited with great loss, and amongst the slain was O'Ryan, lord Idrone, Carlow. Amongst the prisoners were seventy the
according others, and force 4000 cavalry, men-at-arms, and 500 knights; was attended Strongbow, Hugh Lacy, afterwards lord Meath, William Fitz-Adelm de Burgo, ancestor
principal citizens Waterford, whose limbs were first broken by
the English, and their bodies then cast over the rocks into the
sea. 1170, the 23d August, the eve St. Bartholomew's rickard, together with several other Anglo-Norman barons.
day, Strongbow landed Waterford with force 1500 men, according some accounts, but the Annals Inisfallen say 200 knights, and 2000 archers. These forces consisted knights, archers, and cavalry, called men-at-arms, who were all covered with armour, helmets, coats mail, &c. These were joined
the troops Raymond Gros, and the next day they attacked and took Waterford, which was then governed two Danish
chiefs, named Reginald and Smorth, who defended the city with their Danish forces, aided the Irish, under Malachy O'Felan, prince Desies. The Anglo-Normans were twice repulsed, but took the city the 25th August, and stated that 700 the Danes and Irish were slain, and amongst the prisoners were Reginald, the Danish king, and Malachy O'Felan, prince Desies, both whom they condemned death, but O’Felan's life was savedthrough the intercession Dermod Mac Murrogh, who ac
cording previous agreement arrived
King Henry having received the submission and homage Der mod Mac Carthy, king Desmond, Donal O’Brien, king Thomond, and other princes Munster and Leinster, proceeded
Dublin; account king Henry’s progress Ireland, and other matters connected with the English invasion, has been given
197, the notes Ormond and Desies. The following the last notice connected with the Danes Munster:—In A. D. 1174, the forces Strongbow and Raymond Gros having plun dered many parts Waterford and Cork, dispatched the booty
sea, Waterford, under the command Adam Hereford; the Danes Cork equipped thirty-five vessels, and attacked the English fleet near Dungarvan, but after severe engagement they lost the victory, chiefly through the valour Philip Welsh, who boarded the admiral's ship, and killed Gilbert, the son Tur gesius, the Danish commander. 1177, king Henry II. granted Robert Fitz-Stephen and Milo Cogan, for the ser vice sixty knights, himself and his son John, and their heirs, the entire kingdom Cork and Desmond, with the exception the city Cork and the adjoining cantreds, which belonged the Ostmen Danes that city, which the king resolved hold
his own hands.
Dublin taken the Anglo-Normans. —In 1170, Der mod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, and his English allies,
and gave his daughter, Eva,
inheritance the kingdom
1170, according Inisfallen,
mond, receiving intelligence the taking
marchedwith his forces, and the chiefs Desmond,
English, and they fought fierce battle Waterford, which
marriage Leinster,
his successor. A. D.
Dermod Mac Carthy, greatnumbers fell both sides, and amongst the slain the
that day Waterford, Strongbow, with the
king Des Waterford, attack the
died; he was skilful, comfortable, and domestic man, without reproach through life; Philip, the son Dermod Rarofaladh O'Kennedy, was no minated the Mac Teige.
The son Mac Coghlan, Gerald, the son John, son Art, son Cormac, intelligent young man, was, his first assumption chivalry, slain the son O'Kennedy Fionn, namely, Murrogh, the son Bryan, son Donal.
The countess Roiste (de Roche), namely, Eveleen, the daughter Maurice, son David
Roche, the wife Donogh, the son
the earl Thomond, Conor O’Brien, died the Clonroad, and was buried
summer this year the monastery Ennis.
the Burkes, lords Connaught and earls Mayo and Clan
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538 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583.
of Torlogh O'Brien, who had been wife of O'Conor Kerry, i. e. of Conor, died, and was buried on Inis Cathaigh (Iniscatry, an island in the mouth of the Shannon, in the county Clare, opposite Kerry).
The people of Nicholas Malby, and the sons the earl Clanrickard, namely, Ulick and John,
marched with very great force into Iochtar Tire (the Lower Country), and Umhall O'Malley, (barony Burrishoole, Mayo), and immense
was the booty they seized that expedition; they burned and completely plundered Cathair-na-Mart
(the Stone fortress the Oxen, now Westport Mayo), that occasion.
that, however, paid regard, but pierced
his body and speared his side, that left him dead the spot; and was with difficulty persons
could found convey him Athenry, where the beloved man was buried. The death of that
man was source heartfelt sorrow the people his own country, account his distinguished good sense, personal figure, lineage, hospitality,
nobleness, and good actions.
Mac William Burke, i. e. Richard the Iron, the son David, son Edmond, son Ulick,
man noted for depredations, conflicts, marches,
and valorous deeds, who often forced the dangerous The son the earl Clanrickard, i. e. John pass against his enemies, and who was also often
Burke, the son Rickard Saxanach, son the Heads, son Rickard, son
Ulick defeated, died; and Richard, the son Oliver,
son John, was appointed his successor.
O’Reilly, i. e. Hugh Conallach, the son Maol mora, son John, son Cathal, person who spent his period goverment without opposition, kill his brother account the partition ter and his time without misfortune, and who kept
ritory, for are mortal the hour this life; was lamentable that Ulick had not pondered his mind the saying “Gurbo maol gualagan brathair,”
Knock Tuagh, was unkindredly slain
Ulick his bro
ther, Ulick Burke, nocturnal attack. Alas! how woeful was that brother should be induced
Brefney without being endangered by the attacks his English and Irish neighbours while lived, died, and was buried the monastery Cavan; and his wife Isibel (Isabella) Barnwell, died, the out brother, and that person alone not host; same time along with him. The son that
that that shoulder bare (unprotected), with
having resolved take Dublin, marched with their combined for
city by assault, they massacred great numbers the inhabitants the midst their fortress. This event took place, according Maurice Regan, the festival St. Matthew the Apostle,
ces from Waterford, Wexford, and Ferns, according
Cambrensis, through the mountains Glendalough
According the account Maurice Regan, published
Hibernica, their forces were follows: Milo Cogan commanded Murrogh and earl Strongbow having entered Dublin, seized there
the vanguard the head lowed next with 800; men, thus making 4,500
700 men, and Raymond Gros fol the rere was earl Strongbow with 3000 the Anglo-Normans English. Der
great abundance provisions,
other valuable articles; after
Dermod returned Ferns, where
year. Milo Cogan was appointed the first English governor Dublin, and Strongbow having proceeded with his forces Meath and the borders Brefney, plundered and burned Clonard, Kells, Tailten, Slane, Kilskire, and other churches, and carried off many captives, and great spoils and preys cattle their camp. appears that this period there was co-operation between king Roderick O'Conor and the Danes Dublin, hence Roderick retired with his forces without defending the city. On the taking Dublin, the Danish king Asculph Mac Thorkil, with many the wealthy citizens, fled their ships the Liffey, and sailed the Isle Mann and Orkneys with their treasures and valuable effects. Asculph, determined attempt the recovery Dublin, collected
great force Danes and Norwegians from the Orkneys, He
brides, and Isle Mann, and, about Whitsuntide, 1171,
landed Dublin with fleet 60 ships and 10,000 men, accord
ing Regan; one their chief commanders was famous Nor wegian warrior immense strength, and gigantic stature;
mod Mac Murrogh had 1000 Irish chosen men, and his son, Donal Cavenagh, had another large body Irish, more than 1000,
their entire army thus amounting about 7000 men, well armed and disciplined. King Roderick O'Conor, with Tiarnan O’Rourke, prince Brefney, and Murtogh O'Carroll, prince Orgiall, led
wealth, gold and silver, and few days stay Dublin, king died the course the same
powerful army against the Lagenians and their English allies, and having encamped Clondalkin, they remained there prepared for battle for three days, but, according the Four Masters, accidental fire happened, Dublin the time, and the Danes who defended the fortress, having deceived the Conacians and Ulster forces, king Roderick retired without defending the city
giving battle the invaders who advanced against Dublin; Strongbow and Dermod encamped some distance, but Milo
Cogan came close the walls. Strongbow and Dermod sent Maurice Regan herald summon the city surrender, and demand 30 hostages. Asculph Mac Thorkil, then the
Giraldus Wicklow. Harris's
namely, the 21st September, 1170, and Dermod Mac
Danish king Dublin, prepared his forces defend the city, but
fearing the issue siege, promised deliver the city and
the hostages; the mean time Laurence O'Toole, then archbishop John the Mad furious. The Danish champions are thus de
Dublin, went the English camp intercede for the inhabi tants with Dermod Mac Murrogh, who was much incensed against them, the Danes having some years before ignominiously put death his father, Murrogh, king Leinster, and buried his body
derision, with that dog. The time parley having passed while they were disputing about the hostages, Milo Cogan and Raymond Gros led their troops suddenly and treacherously against undefended point the walls, and having entered the
scribed Hanmer from Cambrensis:—“They were all mighty men war, and well appointed after the Danish manner, being harnessed with good Brigandines, Jacks, and coats mail; their shields, bucklers, and targets were round and coloured red, and bound about with iron, and they seemed arms, were they no less mind, iron-strong and mighty. ” The garrison Dublin was commanded Miles and Richard Cogan, and they were assisted Irish prince named Giollamocholmoge, who lived
called some John Dene, and others John Wode, signifying
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 539
O’Reilly, namely John Roe, was endeavouring to sides plundering the town, for was that oc assume the government of the country, through casion O’Coinne (O'Quinn), and the son, Mac the influence of the English, in opposition to Hugh, together with many others, were slain by Edmond, the son of Maolmora, who was the senior O’Donnell.
according to the custom of the Irish, and the result Donogh, the son
was that the country and lordship were divided killed by the crew between the tribe of Maolmora. Bryan, the son
the Calvach O’Donnell, was Scottish fleet.
Donogh, son Cuchonacht, The son of O'Conor Sligo, i. e. Cahir, the son of son Cuchonacht Maguire, man who bore
Teige Oge, son of Teige, son of Hugh, was trea good name for nobleness and hospitality, died.
cherously slain by a party of the O’Harts.
The son of O'Conor Don, i. e. Torlogh, the son of Dermod, son of Carbry, son of Owen Caoch,
son of Felim Geangcach, died.
Teige Oge, the son of Teige O’Rourke, died in
imprisonment with O’Rourke, namely, Bryan, the
Great depredations were committed Sorley Buighe, the son Mac Donnell (of Antrim), by Hugh, the son Felim Bacach O'Neill, by Mac Quillan, and the English; Sorley Buighe, and his kinsmen, went pursuit the preys, and defeated
those before them, and took the preys from them; Hugh, the son Felim Bacach, was slain
son of Bryan, son of Owen.
Oilen-na-dTuath, i. e. Port-an-Oilein (now pro on that occasion, together with one two compa
bably Inishdooey, or Owey, off the north western nies the English, and the rest them fled coast of Donegal), was taken by Mac Sweeney of without prey victory.
the Districts i. e. Owen Oge, the son of Owen Torlogh, the son Donal O'Brien, and John Oge, son of Owen, son of Donal, from the sons of Roe, the son Hugh Conallach, son Maolmora
O’Reilly (of Cavan), went England, and were installed the degrees knighthood one day,
The town of O'Neill, i. e. of Torlogh Luinech,
namely, Srathban (Strabane, county of Tyrone),
was burned by O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh, the son of
Manus; and he did great damages to O’Neill be killed by the O'Malleys, Iniscaoil.
Donal, the son of Donogh, and the sons of Donal were slain there.
near Dublin. John le Dene, at the head of his Norwegians, gave a
furious assault at the east gate, afterwards called Dames-Gate,
from the ancient church of St. Mary les Dames, which was situ
ated there near the castle. The place was vigorously defendedby
Miles de Cogan, and after great numbers were slain on both sides,
de Cogan was repulsed; in the meantime Richard de Cogan ra Tiarnan O'Rourke, prince Brefney, Murrogh O'Carroll, prince
pidly rushed out at the south gate with his cavalry and charged the Danish forces in the rear, who were defeated with great slaugh
ter, and then fled to their ships. John the Furious, scorning to fly, fought with amazing valour, and slew great numbers with his
own hand; amongst his feats it is recorded by Regan and others,
that with a single blow of his battle-axe he cut off the thigh of an
English horseman, so that the limb fell to the ground on one side,
and the body on the other, but the heroic John at length overcome
by numbers was slain by Miles de Cogan and Walter de Riddlesford.
These events took place in the month of June, A. D. 1171, and it
is stated by Regan and others, that 2000 of the Danish forces were
slain in the attack on Dublin, and but few of the English; but the
Four Masters state that great numbers were slain on both sides,
and it is probable, therefore, that at least 1000 of the English fell
in the engagement. It appears the Anglo-Normans or English ments for the space fortnight. The city was defended by
were superior to the Danish forces in discipline, though not in valour,and gained their victories chiefly through the strength of their
cavalry who were covered with armour, and called Men-at-Arms, while the Danes had no horse troops to contend against them. Asculph attempting to escape to his ships was taken prisoner and brought back to Dublin, where refusing to pay a ransom his life; and uttering some threats defiance against the English,
with morebravery than prudence was their power, was order Miles Cogan hanged and beheaded the strand sight his own men, board their ships. Thus fell Asculph Mac Thorkil, last Danish king Dublin, and with him
strong garrison under earl Strongbow, Raymond Gros, Maurice Fitzgerald, Miles and Richard Cogan, Myler Fitz-Henry, Mau rice Prendergast, Robert Quincy, standard-bearer Leinster, Walter Riddlesford, &c. ; and they had also large force Irish allies from Leinster under Donal Cavenagh, son the late king Dermod Mac Murrogh, together with two chiefs from Wick low named Mac Geley and Auliff O'Carvy. The garrison being hard pressed by the besiegers, and great want provisions, held council and came resolution, according the advice Strongbow, stated Regan, sending the archbishop Laurence O'Toole king Roderick's camp with proposal that Roderick
the summer this year, the presence queen Elizabeth.
Donogh, the son O'Boyle,
Torlogh, was
terminated the rule the Northmen, after they had maintained their position Dublin for about 330 years from the time Tur gesius, and their power passed the Anglo-Normans.
the course the year 1171, some time after the capture Dublin and the death Mac Thorkil, king Roderick O'Conor with
Oirgiall, and Mac Dunlevey, prince Ulidia, collected great
army attack and take Dublin from the English Roderick was joined, according Regan and others, some the princes
Munster and Leinster, and
amounted 30,000 men.
and had part his forces
Mac Dunlevey, were stationed Clontarf; Donal O’Brien, king
said that their combined forces Roderick encamped Castleknock,
Finglas; O'Rourke, O'Carroll, and
Thomond, encamped Kilmainham, and Murrogh, prince
Hy Kinsellagh, with the Lagenians, were located Dalkey.
Godred, king the Isle Mann, was also inalliance with Roderick,
and came Dublin with his forces and fleet 30 ships, which
guarded the harbour; these combined forces besieged Dublin, ac
cording some accounts, for two months, and the Four Masters state, that they fought with the English garrison many engage
of of
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540 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583.
Fearfeadha, the son of Torlogh Meirgeach Mac
Sweeney, died in the town of Mac Sweeney, of Banagh (in Donegal).
O'Neill, i. e. Torlogh Luineach, was at Strabane with a great party of the English along with him, and they were contemplating and threatening to go to plunder Tirconnell, in retaliation for the burning of Strabane before that time. When O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh, the son ofManus, received intelligence of
that affair, he quickly collected his forces to oppose them, and immediately marched to Druim Lighean
(Dromlyn, near Lifford, in Donegal), where he occasion, among whom were O’Gormley, encamped, in the month of June, precisely. A Cormac Mac Hugh, and Maolmurry, the son troop of O'Neill's cavalry often came to carry on Dermod, son Mahon, son Tuathal O'Clery, skirmishes and attacks against O’Donnell’s cavalry, the most prized hostage O’Neill and the Ty which were promptly resisted by O'Donnell's peo ronians; for his father, and O'Neill himself, were ple, so that some fell between them each day. It born the same mother, and all O’Neill’s wealth happened on a certain occasion that the select was under his controul, on account his relation cavalry forces O’Neill marched with vigour and ship
boasting, and with scorn and contempt, against
the Tirconnallians, and did not halt their career
until they crossed the river Finn, and through
Port-na-dTri-Namhad, and the vicinity
O'Donnell’s camp. The people O’Donnell were that time somewhat dismayed, but, however,
raised the siege, Strongbow would consent hold Leinster sub Anglo-Normans, whose knights, cavalry, and archers, were all
jection him, but Roderick refused these terms, and insisted that the English should evacuate Dublin, Waterford, Wexford, and all
the castles and forts held them, and depart from Ireland. Arch bishop O'Toole, with great ardour and patriotism, advised and ex
cited king Roderick and the Irish chiefs expel the English, and afterwards even joined the Irish forces. Strongbow and his chiefs would not consent the conditions proposed king
completely armed and covered with armour. The Irish under king Roderick being thus defeated, his ally Godred retired with
Roderick, and resolved defend Dublin the last extremity; having laid their plans, they prepared for sudden sally against the camp Roderick, and early the morning led their best troops, consisting knights, men-at-arms, and archers, commanded by Strongbow, Raymond Gros, Maurice Fitzgerald, Miles and Richard Cogan, &c. , towards Finglas, where part king Roderick's
the Anglo-Normans under Miles Cogan, but after great num
bers had fallen both sides the Irish were defeated, and Hugh,
son Tiarnan O'Rourke, tanist Brefney, O'Quinn, and other
chiefs were slain. A. D. 1172, Tiarnan O'Rourke, prince
Brefney, was treacherously slain by the English conference
near Athboy, with Hugh Lacy, lord Meath, and his head
was cut off and placed over the castle gate Dublin, and his
body gibbetted with the feet upwards, the north gate the
city, according the annalists, “a most woful spectacle the
Destruction men and property during the Danish wars. -In the preceding articles full account has been given the various Danish invasions and wars, which continued, appears, from the latter end the eighth, beyond the middle the twelfth cen tury, comprising period 377 years, from their first invasion A. D. 794, the taking Dublin by the Anglo-Normans, and the death Asculph Mac Thorkilin A. D. 1171. The Northmen
Danes and Norwegians were very warlike and valiant people, and the same time very politic and crafty, and though not supe rior the Irish valour, they appear have generally over matched them policy. has been shewn the preceding accounts that the Danes and Norwegians held the cities Dub lin, Wexford, Waterford, Limerick, and Cork, and had powerful fleets these harbours, and the great lakes and bays through out Ireland, Loughs Neagh, Belfast, Strangford, Foyle, Swilly, and Erne, Ulster; Lough Corrib, the Bay Galway, &c.
forces were encamped, and the rest Castleknock. The Anglo Normans surprised the camp, the Irish being unprepared for any
Irish,”
attack, and king Roderick himself
soner, being the time preparing
were dispersed, the Anglo-Normans
they found great abundance provisions, and they returned with much booty triumph Dublin. The Four Masters give different and more probable account this affair, and state that king Roderick, with the cavalry Brefney and Orgiall, went carry off and burn the corn the English, and that while absent
said was nearly taken pri take bath. After the Irish plundered the camp, where
this expedition, earl Strongbow and his forces surprised and
took the camp the northern Irish, and slew great numbers
them. The other Irish chiefs encamped Kilmainham and Dal
key, appears withdrew their forces without fighting blow, but
the Irish kings and chiefs never acted with any cordial unani
mity concert, being always influenced by mutual jealousies, and
their councils full of dissension and discord. Besides the Irish
troops were very undisciplined, and though equal the Danes and
Anglo-Normans valour, they were often defeated, and the in Connaught; Lough Ree the Shannon, Meath; Lough Derg, vaders appear have had better disciplined forces, particularly the and the bay Limerick, the Shannon, Munster, and also
they once prepared meet those troops, and
they made charge them; fierce and violent
conflict and onset ensued, which lasted for long time, but O’Neill’s cavalry were length put
flight towards the Finn, across which they had come, and were closely pressed the pursuit, without relaxation, surrounded and circumvented,
that they were not able gain the ford, and were, therefore, obliged face the river before them, where they rushed; great numbers O'Neill’s people were slain and drowned that
his ships
was made
the men
the Isle Mann. 1171, another attempt recover Dublin by Tiarnan O'Rourke the head Brefney and Orgiall, who fought some conflicts against
him; and (O'Neill), would not have give three times the usual amount
hesitated sorts
gratified his having fallen by them.
wealth for his ransom, he could
redeemed; was wounded and drowned O'Donnell’s people, who were greatly rejoiced and
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 541
A. D. 1584.
was profitable service for him, for received suitable good payment from the queen, viz. , the constableship the town Athlone, the govern orship the province Connaught for seven years before his death, with Roscommon and Beal
Atha-na-Sluaigheadh (Ballinasloe,
Sir Nicholas Mal
by, governor of the
province of Con
naught, died in Ath
lone about Shrove las, until the arrival Sir Richard Bingham
ERALD,
and heir of the earl
of Kildare, died in England.
the son
tide; he was a man
learned in languag
es and inthetongues
of the islands of wes
tern Europe, a va O'Loghlin, (lord Burren, Clare), was taken liant and battle-tri prisoner the beginning the month March
umphant man, throughout Ireland, Scotland, and this year, Muic-Inis (Hog Island), Tor France, in the service of his sovereign, and that logh, the son Donal O'Brien, and was after
the bays of Cork, Waterford, Wexford, Dublin, Drogheda, and Normanic Antiquities, and the Chronicle the Kings the Isle Dundalk. They had also numerous strong fortresses in the cities Mann, and the Norwegian Earls the Orkney Islands, the
perpetuity but, however,
himself and his heirs, was from the sons
Galway), succession;
the earl
Ireland, high commissioner the province
first procured Ballinasloe. Cap
Clanrickard
tain Brabazon succeeded the place Sir Nicho
Connaught, the month June the following Summer.
Torlogh, the son Anthony, son Malachy
and towns along the sea coasts, and near the great lakes, and is number Danish kings Dublin each name given, and chro suing forth from their ships and strongholds, they repeatedly ra nologically arranged, and accounts are also given the Irish
vagedthe entire country, plundering, laying waste, and burning the abbeys, churches, colleges, and towns, carrying away or des troying the crops, corn, and cattle, committing many massacres on the monks, clergy, and people, and carrying off many thousands into captivity, dispersing the Bards, Brehons, and learned men, burning their books, and destroying various works of art, the entire of Ireland thus presenting, during their time, a continued sceneof rapine and slaughter. The amount of property destroyed during the devastations of these ruthless robbers, for many centu ries, must have been enormous, and the inroads of these fierce and semi-barbarous invaders reduced the country to a complete state of anarchy, and retarded all civilization. In the various battles which have been described, accounts are given of four of the mo narchs of Ireland, about twenty of the provincial kings, and a vast number of princes and chiefs, who were slain; and also of about ten of the Danish kings, and an immense number of their earls and chiefs, who were killed. In the incessant warfare and sanguinary
contests with the Northmen throughout all parts of the country, for a period of 377 years, it is probable that in the almost innume rable fierce battles, conflicts, and massacres recorded by the histo rians, and in many other engagements, the accounts of which are lost, there fell three hundred thousand of the invaders, and two hundred thousand of the Irish, making in all half a million of men slain in Ireland during the Danish wars.
The Danish Kings of Dublin. -Im the preceding articles on the Danish wars, an account has beengiven of the various kings and Iarls who ruled over the Northmen, or Danes and Norwegians in Dublin ; and in the notes, from p. 481 to 487, and also pp. 508,500, 535, an account has been given of the Danish kings and lords of Waterford and Limerick. This is the first attempt to give a full catalogue and accurate chronology of the Danish kings of Dublin.
Ware has given an account of them, but it is very imperfect, many of them being altogether omitted, while it is difficult to distinguish between the different kings of the same name, there being men tioned three or four Aulass, three or four Sitrics, and several God freys, but no distinction made, such as Aulaf I, and II. , Sitric I.
kings who occasionally ruled over the Northmen Dublin, the Mac Murroghs, kings Leinster, the O'Briens, kings Munster, and the O'Conors, kings Connaught. The Danish kings ruled over the city Dublin, and considerable part the country called Fingall, extending along the sea-coast between Dublin and Drogheda, far Balbriggan, and comprising the greater part
the baronies Coolock, Nethercross, and Balrothery, and they also possessed the places along the coast south the Liffey,
and II, and so the present catalogue, partly collected from
Ivar I. , lord succeeded king
the Danes Dublin for
Limerick, and brother Aulaf, years, and died 872.
W*are, but chiefly from the Annals the four Masters, and Innisfallen, and also from the ancient histories Norway, and from Johnstone's celto-scandinavian
Ulster, Denmark, and celto:
Ostin, son Aulaf, succeeded king Dublin for
years, and was treacherously slain 875 by some his own people.
the county fortresses
Clondalkin, power into Kildare, far
had fortress
and appear have extended their Athy. The Irish kings frequently subjection, and often had oppor
Dublin, with some parts Wicklow, and they had Dunleary, Dalkey, Bray, and Delgany; they also
reduced the Danes Dublin
tunities altogether expelling them from the country, but does
not appear they were anxious do so, but rather permitted them reside Dublin for purposes commerce, and they often ob tained tributes from them, and many the kings Meath and Leinster formed alliances and intermarriages with the Danish kings Dublin; and may observed that many the Irish chiefs,
adopted Danish names, such Aulaf, Sitric, Ivar, Godfrey, Regi nald Ranall, Lochlin, &c. , they afterwards took the English names Henry, William, Edward, Edmond, Richard, Charles, George, &c. The kings the Danes Northmen Dublin were mostly Norwegians, and many them were also kings over the Danes and Norwegians Northumbria, the Isle Mann, the Hebrides, and Orkney Islands. As shewn the notes 467, the North men first took possession Dublin, A. D. 836, and Asculph Mac Thorkil, the last Danish king Dublin, was slain A. D. 1171; thus they ruled over Dublin for 335 years, appears from the following chronological catalogue their kings:
Turgesius,
from A. D. 896 Meath—(see note
Norwegian, ruled over Dublin about years,
Aulaf years, from 853
846, when 467).
Norwegian 870, when
was slain Malachy, king
prince, became king Dublin died Dublin.
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542 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1584.
wards put to death by captain Brabazon, at the Clam-Quilein (in Clare), namely, Donogh, the son following summer sessions in Ennis. of Teige, son of Cumeadha, son of Cumara, son of The son of Mac Namara of the western part of John, died; he was a man most dreaded by his
5. Godfrey, or Godefrid I. , son of Ivar, succeeded for 13 years, and was slain in 888, by the contrivance of his brother Sitric.
6. Sitric I. , son of Ivar and brother of Godfrey, succeeded 4 years, and was slain by the Danish people in 892.
19. Gluniarn, son of Aulaf W. , succeeded 7 years, and was slain, A. D. 988, by one of his own people; he was called by the Irish Glun-Iarain, which signifies Iron-knee, probably from his
wearing iron armour on his limbs.
20. Sitric III. , brother of Gluniarn, and son of Aulaf V.
and Gormfaith, succeeded as king of Dublin 40 years, to A. D. 1028, when, having set out on a pilgrimage to Rome, he died on
7. Geoffrey Merle, a Danish lord of Dublin in 892, had great contentions with Sitric, and they divided the city between them, Sitric ruling over one half, and Geoffrey over the other.
his way. He is called by the Danish writers Sitric of the Silken Beard, and he was also called Sitric of Clontarf, having com manded in that celebrated battle, and conspired with his mother, Gormfaith, and her brother, Maolmora Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, to dethrone Brian Boru, who had been married to Gorm flaith after the death of Aulaf.
8. Aulaf II. , son of Ivar, and brother of Sitric, succeeded about one year, and was slain in 893, in a battle in Ulster with the men of Tirconnell.
9. Thorkil, son of Harold Harfager, king of Norway, became king of the Northmen in Dublin, about 3 years, from 903 to 906, when he was slain by the Irish (see note p. 481). -
21. Aulaf VI. , son of Sitric III. , succeeded as king of Dublin about 6 years, and having, in the year 1034, set out on a pil grimage to Rome, was slain in England.
10. Aulaf III. , called Aulaf the Fair in the Icelandic Saga, a
son or grandson of Harold Harfager, king of Norway, became king
of the Northmen in Dublin for two or three years, but was slain in battle with the Irish about A. D. 909.
11. Reginald I. succeeded as king of Dublin A. D. 910; he was son of Hingvar or Ivar, the Danish king of Northumbria, and this
Ivar was son of Ragnar Lodbrog, the famous king of Denmark, of
whose exploits an account has been given at pp. 460, 462, in these notes.
12. Barith, or Barredo, the son of Oittir, a Norwegian chief of the Isle of Mann, became, along with Reginald, joint ruler over the Northmen of Dublin, but in A. D. 913, having contended for the supremacy, they fought a fierce naval battle at the Isle of Mann, in which the forces of Barredo were totally defeated, and himself slain. Reginald ruled about 10 years, and died at Dub lin, A. D. 921.
22. Sitric IV. , son of Aulaf VI. , succeeded 7 years; in 1038 he founded the Cathedral of Christ Church, in Dublin, and died A. D. 1042.
13. Sitric II. , brother of Reginald, and son of Ivar, Danish
king of Northumbria, succeeded as king over the Northmen of
Dublin, and was at the same time Danish king of Northumbria.
Sitric was a powerful prince, and was married to a sister of in 1070.
Athelstan, king of England; he is called by the Four Masters 27. Godred Crovan, king of the Isle of Mann and the He Sitric Gale, that is Sitric the Valiant, and he commanded in the brides, and son of Harold the Black of Iceland, a descendant of great battle near Dublin, A. D. 917, in which the Irish were de the kings of Norway, in the year 1068 took Dublin, and con feated, and the monarch, Niall Glundubh, was slain. Sitric ruled
over Dublin about 5 years, and died A. D. 926.
14. Godfrey II. , son of Sitric II. , succeeded as Danish king of Dublin, and also of Northumbria; he ruled over Dublin 6 years, to his death, A. D. 932, and is called by the annalists “ the most cruel king of the Northmen. ”
quered part of Leinster, and he ruled as king of Dublin about 8 years, from 1068 to 1076; he chiefly resided in the Isle of Mann, and died in 1076, at the Island of Ila, in the Hebrides.
15. Aulaf IV. , son of Godfrey II. succeeded; he was called Aulaf the Red, and Aulaf of Brunanburgh, having fought that great
28. Donal Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, assumed authority for a few years over the Danes, and was styled king of Dublin; he died in 1075.
battle against the Anglo-Saxons, as described in the notes at p. 483; Aulaf was married to a daughter of Constantine, king of
29. Murtogh O'Brien, prince of Thomond, son of Torlogh
O'Brien, king of Munster, was appointed by his father king of
Dublin, and he ruled over the Danes for about 10 years, to A. D. 1085.
30. Godfrey Merenagh, who was Godfrey IV. , and a relative of Godred Crovan, king of Dublin, on the death of Godred in 1076 was appointed by the Danes of Dublin as their king, and he ruled over them for about 18 years to A. D. 1094, but his authority was much diminished by Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, and O’Brien, king of Munster, who assumed power over the Danes, and called themselves kings of Dublin. In A. D. 1094, Murtogh O'Brien, king of Munster, expelled from Dublin Godfrey Merenagh, who soon after died, and he appointed his own son Donal as king of Dublin.
31. Donal O'Brien ruled as king over Dublin for about 24 years, from 1094 to 1118, when he became a monk and retired to the monastery of Lismore, where he died A. D. 1185, at a very
advanced age.
32. Torlogh O'Conor, son of Roderick, king of Connaught, re
duced the Danes of Dublin to subjection, and ruled over them nominally as king for 7 years from 1118 to 1125.
33. Conor O'Conor. —In 1126 Torlogh O'Conor marched to Dublin and appointed his son Conor as king over the Danes, but he ruled there only about one year, as the Danes revolted and deposed him in 1127.
Scotland; he was a very valiant warrior, and ruled over Dublin about 11 years, to his death, A. D. 943, and he was some time Danish king of Northumbria.
16. Blacar, brother of Aulaf IV. , succeeded, and having ruled over Dublin about 3 years, was slain in a great battle with the Irish, near Dublin. A. D. 946.
17. Godfrey III. , son of Sitric, and grandson of Sitric II. ,
succeeded 5 years, and was slain in battle with the Irish in 951.
This Godfrey and many of his people were converted to the Chris
tian faith, and he was the first Christian king of the Danes of Dublin.
18. Aulaf V. , brother of Godfrey III. , succeeded, and ruled over the Danes of Dublin 30 years; in A. D. 981, he retired to the abbey of St. Columkille, at Iona, in the Hebrides, where he soon after died in penitence and pilgrimage. He was a powerful
and valiant prince, and is often mentioned by the Irish writers, under the name of Aulaf Cuaran, and he was called by the Danish writers, Aulaf Quaran; he was married to Gormfaith, sister of Maolmora Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, and this Gorm flaith, called by the Danish writers Kormloda, was, after the death of Aulaf, married to Brian Boru.
23. Aulaf VII. , son of Aulaf VI. , succeeded about 2 or 3 years to A. D. 1045.
24. Ivar II. , son of Harold, is mentioned in the Annals at this time as king of Dublin.
25. Emeric, called by the Irish writers Eachmarcach, son of Reginald, was also king of the Danes of Dublin for some years at this time. The period of Ivar II. and Emeric, was from about A. D. 1045 to 1060, but they were partly in subjection to the Mac Murroghs, kings of Leinster.
26. Murrogh Mac Murrogh, son of Dermod Mac Maolnambo, king of Leinster, and his father, assumed at this time authority over the Danes, and were the first Irish kings over the Dames of Dublin. The Mac Murroghs partly ruled over the Danes of Dub lin for about 20 years, and Murrogh Mac Murrogh died at Dublin
enemies in the field of action, of any other of the Clan Cuilein.
Roderick Carrach, the son Maolmurry, son
Donogh son Torlogh Mac Sweeny, was put death Cork.
general peace was proclaimed over Ireland,
Connaught.
35. Murrogh Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, about
1128, assumed the authority king over the Danes Dublin, but having ruled tyrannically, they sent for Godred, king Mann, son Aulaf, and grandson Godred Crovan, who 1134 came
In Dublin, the following were the Danish bishops:—Donatus
37. Conor O'Brien, king 1141, reduced the Danes
Munster, having marched subjection, and ruled
Dub king
names, and many them prefixed and Mac Samuel O'Haingly, nephew Donatus, native Benedictine monk the abbey St. Alban's,
their names.
over them for about years.
partly Danish king Dublin for years, from
Dublin, over which he presided from 1095 his death 1121. Gregory, who was the first archbishop Dublin, was Ostman, and consecrated Lambeth, Ralph, archbishop Canterbury. Gregory presided over the see Dublin forty years, from 1121 his death 1161; was the last Danish bishop Dublin, and was succeeded the celebrated St. Laurence O’Toole.
In Waterford, Malchus, Dane, who had been Benedictine
136
Dub the
40. Brodar, brother Reginald II. , became Danish king Dublin about years, from 1150 1160, when was slain battle by the men South Bregia Fingal.
41. Dermod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, assumed autho
1146, when 39. Oittir,
was slain battle by the men Meath. Danish earl the Hebrides, becameking
years, from 1146 1148, when was slain
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 543
34. Thorfinn, son Thorkil Torcal, Norwegian earl the Limerick, Waterford, and Cork, and some small parts the ad Orkneys, was this time about years acknowledged their joining territory. The following account taken from Ware's king the Danes Dublin, his death 1124, but his antho Bishops Harris, Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History, D'Alton's rity was great extent superseded the O'Conors, kings - Archbishops Dublin, &c.
Dublin with great forces and defeated Mac Murrogh.
36. Godred II. , was only about year two king Dublin, Ostman, according Ware, studied Ireland, and became
and returned the Isle Mann Mac Murrogh again succeeded but was treacherously slain the Danes Dublin about
1136, after he had ruled over them for about years; was father Dermod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, who brought overthe English.
Benedictine monk Canterbury; was appointed bishop Dublin, and sat from 1085 his death 1095. The three fore mentioned bishops were all consecrated Lanfranc, archbishop
Canterbury, and appears this bishop O'Haingly was
Dane, that some the Danish familes this time took Irish sur
was the first bishop the Danes
his death 1074, and he, the aid
Dublin, founded the Cathedral
Danish bishop, succeeded from 1074 1084, when was drowned his passage England. Donatus O'Haingly,
Dublin, from 1038, Sitric, the Danish king Christ Church. Patrick,
Ireland, and England, was
-
38. Reginald II. , son Thorkil, and brother Thorfinn, ruled consecrated by Anselm, archbishop Canterbury, bishop
for about
sonsof Mac Thorkil.
rity over the Danes Dublin to 1160.
