A son of Aeginetes and a descendant of La- had admitted a Spartan
garrison
of two moras, and
cedaemonius, is mentioned by Pausanias (vii.
cedaemonius, is mentioned by Pausanias (vii.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
$ 8.
) Peleus, who
riage solemnity, and Cheiron presented Peleus had once joined Heracles in his expedition against
with a lance (Hom. I. xvi. 143, xxiv. 61, &c. , Troy (Pind. Ol, viii. 60), was too old to accompany
which, however, according to Pindar, Nem. iii. his son Achilles against that city: he remained at
56, Peleus made for himself), Poseidon with the home and survived the death of his son. (Hom. I.
immortal horses, Balius and Xanthus, and the xviii. 434, Od. xi. 495. )
(L. S. )
other gods with arms. (Apollod. iii. 13. $ 5; PELIADES (Dexlades), the daughters of Pelias.
Hom. Il. xvi. 381, xvii. 443, xviii. 84. ) According (Eurip. Med. 9; Hygin. Fub. 24 ; comp. PE-
to some, his immortal wife soon left him, though | LIAS. )
(LS. )
Homer knows nothing of it (N. xviii. 86, 332, PE’LIAS (Tenías). 1. A son of Poseidon (or
441), for once, as he observed her at night while Cretheus, Hygin. Fab. 12 ; Schol. ad The Herit. iii.
she held the infant Achilles over a fire or in a 45) and Tyro. The latter, a daughter of Silmo-
cauldron of boiling water, in order to destroy in neus, was in love, in her youth, with the river-god
him those parts which he had inherited from his Enipeus, and Poseidon assuming the appearance
father, and which were mortal, Peleus was terror- of Enipeus, visited her, and became by her the
struck, and screamed so loud that she was pre- father of Pelias and Neleus. Afterwards she was
vented from completing her work. She therefore married to Cretheus, her father's brother; she became
quitted his house, and returned to her sisters, the by him the mother of Aeson, Pheres, and Amy-
Nereides ; but Peleus, or, according to others, thaon. (Hom. Od. xi. 234, &c; Apollod. i. 9.
Thetis herself (Orph. Argon. 385), took the boy $ 8 ; Hygin. Fab. 157. ) Pelias and Neleus were
Achilles to Cheiron, who brought him up. (Apollod. exposed by their mother, and one of them was
iii. 13. $ 6. ) Homer mentions only Achilles as struck by a mare which passed by, so that his face
the son of Peleus and Thetis, but later writers became black, and a shepherd who found the child
state that she had already destroyed by fire six called him Pelias (from mediów, Eustath. ad Hom.
children, of whom she was the mother by Peleus, p. 1682); and the other child which was suckled
and that as she attempted the same with Achilles, by a she-dog, was called Neleus, and both were
her seventh child, she was prevented by Peleus. brought up by the shepherd. When they had
(Apollon. Rhod. iv. 816 ; Lycoph. 178 ; Ptolem. grown up to manhood, ihey discovered who their
Hephaest. 6. ) After this Peleus, who is also men- mother was, and Pelias killed Sidero, the wife of
tioned among the Argonauts, in conjunction with Salmoneus and step-mother of Tyro, at the altar of
Jason and the Dioscuri, besieged Acastus at lol- Hera, because she had ill used her step-daughter
cus, slew Astydameia, and over the scattered limbs Tyro. After the death of Cretheus, Pelias did not
of her body led his warriors into the city. (Apollod. allow his step-brother Aeson to undertake the
iii. 13. $ 7; comp. i. 9. 16; Apollon. Rhod. i. government of the kingdom, and after expelling
91 ; Orph. Argon. 130 ; Hygin. Fab. 14. ) Some eren his own brother Neleus he ruled at lolcus
state that from mount Pelion Peleus, without an (Schol. ad Eurip. Alcest. 255; comp. Paus. iv. 2.
army, immediately returned to lolcus, slew Acas- $ 3), whereas according to others, he did not reign
tus and his wife (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 224 ; at lolcus till after Aeson's death, and even then
Pind. Nem. iii. 59), and annexed Iolcus to Hae only as the guardian of Jason, the son of Aeson.
monia. (Thessaly ; Pind. Nem. iv. 91. ) Respect-(Schol
. ad Hom. Od. xii. 70. ) It is probably in
ing the feud between Peleus and Acastus, the allusion to his conduct towards his own brothers
legends present great differences. Thus we are that Hesiod (Theog. 996) calls him upotus. He
told, for example, that Acastus, or his sons, Ar- married, according to some (Hygin. Fata 14),
chander and Architeles, expelled Peleus from his Anaxibia, the daughter of Bias, and according to
cecacat
PELGS
dzie
PELE
Price :
PEU
PELOI
Pen
2
4. Te
PELO
## p. 179 (#195) ############################################
PELOPIDAS.
179
PELOPIDAS.
others, Philomache, the daughter of Amphion, by his property, remarking, in answer to the remon-
whom he became the father of Acastus, Peisidice, strances of some of his friends, that money was cer
Pelopeia, Hippothoe and Alcestis. (Apollod. i. 9. tainly useful to such as were lame and blind.
$ 8. &c. ) Besides these daughters of Pelias (Pe. Hence, of course, he could not fail to be a marked
liades), several others are mentioned, such as Me- man in any political commotion, and, accordingly,
dusa (Hygin. Fab. 24), Amphinome, Evadne on the seizure of the Cadmeia by Phoebidas, in
(Diod. iv. 53), Asteropaea and Antinoe. (Paus. B. c. 382, he was obliged to fee from Thebes, and
viii
. 11. § 2. ) The Peliades were represented on took refuge, with his fellow-exiles, at Athens.
the chest of Cypselus, where however the name of Here he was the chief instigator and counsellor of
Alcestis alone was written. (Paus. v. 17. § 4 ; the enterprise by which democracy was restored to
comp. Hom. Il. ii. 715; Ov. Trist. v. 5. 55. ) | Thebes, and which Plutarch tells us the Greeks
After the murder of their father, they are said to called “sister to that of Thrasybulus. " In the exe-
have fled from lolcus to Mantineia in Arcadia cution of it also he bore a prominent part: it was
where their tombs also were shown. (Paus, viii. by his hand that LEONTIADES fell ; and, being
11. $ 2. ) Jason, after his return from Colchis, made Boeotarch with Mellon and Charon, he suc-
gave Alcestis in marriage to Admetus, Amphinome ceeded in gaining possession of the Cadmeia before
to Andracmon, and Evadne to Canes (Diod. iv. the arrival of succours from Sparta (B. C. 379).
53), though according to the common story, Pelias From this period until his death there was not a
himself gave Alcestis to Admetus. (ALCESTIS. ) year in which he was not entrusted with some im-
After Pelias had taken possession of the kingdom portant command. In B. C. 378, he and Gorgidas,
of lolcus, he sent Jason, the son of his step-brother his fellow-Boentarch, induced Sphodrias, the Spartan
Aeson, to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece, and as harmost at Thespiae, to invade Attica, and thus
he did not anticipate his return, he despatched succeeded in embroiling Athens with Lacedaemon
Aeson and his son Promachus. After the return (Gorgidas); and in the campaigns against the
of Jason, Pelias was cut to pieces and boiled by his Lacedaemonians in that and the two following years
own daughters, who had been told by Medeia that he was actively occupied, gradually teaching his coun-
in this nianner they might restore their father to trymen to cope fearlessly with the forces of Sparta,
vigour and youth. His son, Acastus, held solemn which had ever been deemed so formidable. The
funeral games in his honour at lolcus, and expelled successes occasionally gained by the Thebans during
Jason and Medeia from the country. (Apollod. i. this period (slight in themselves, but not unimpor-
9. $ 27, &c. ; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 175; 0v. Met. vii. tant in the spirit which they engendered) Pelopi-
297, &c. ; comp. Jason, MEDEIA, ARGONAUTAE. ) das shared with others; but the glory of the batile
Pelias is further mentioned as one of the first who of Tegyra, in B. C. 375, was all his own. The
celebrated the Olympian games. (Paus. v. 8. $ 1. ) town of Orchomenus in Boeotia, hostile to Thebes,
2.
A son of Aeginetes and a descendant of La- had admitted a Spartan garrison of two moras, and
cedaemonius, is mentioned by Pausanias (vii. 18. during the absence of this force on an expedition
$ 4).
(L. S. ] into Locris, Pelopidas formed the design of surprising
PELIGNUS, JU’LIUS, procurator of Cappa- the place, taking with him for the purpose only the
docia in the reign of Claudius, A. D. 52. (Tac. Ann. Sacred Band and a small body of cavalry. When he
xii. 49. )
arrived, however, he found that the absent garrison
PELLEN (Némnv), a son of Phorbas and had been replaced by fresh troops from Sparta, and he
grandson of Triopas, of Argos, was believed by the saw, therefore, the necessity of retreating. On his
Argives to have founded the town of Pellene in march back, he fell in, near Tegyra, with the two
Achaia. (Paus. vü. 26. & 5. )
(LS. ) moras which formed the garrison at Orchomenus, re-
PELLO'NIA, a Roman divinity, who was be tuming from Locris under the polemarchs Gorgoleon
lieved to assist mortals in warding off their enemies. and Theopompus. In spite of the inferiority of his
(August. De Civ. Dei, iv. 21 ; Arnob. Adv. Gent. numbers, Pelopidas exhibited great coolness and
iv. 4. )
(L. S. ] presence of mind ; and when one, running up to
PELOPEIA. (Tierótel. ) 1. A daughter of him, exclaimed, “ We have fallen into the midst of
Pelias. (Apollod. i. 9. § 10 ; Apollon. Rhod. i. the enemy,” his answer was, “Why so, more than
326. )
they into the midst of us? ” In the battle which
2. A daughter of Amphion and Niobe. (Apol- ensued, the two Spartan commanders fell at the
lod. iii. 5. 6. ; Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 159. ) first charge, and the Thebans gained a complete
3. A daughter of Thyestes. (Schol
. ad Eurip. victory. Plutarch might well call this the prelude
Orest. 14 ; Hygin. Fab. 88 ; Aelian, V. H. xii. of Leuctra, proving as it did that Sparta was not
42. )
invincible, even in a pitched battle and with the
4. The mother of Cycnus and Ares. (Apollod. advantage of numbers on her side. At Leuctra
ii. 7. 87 ; comp. CYCNUS. )
(L. S. )
(B. C. 371) Pelopidas joined Epaminondas in urging
PELO'PIDAS (Denomidas), the Theban gene the expediency of immediate action; he raised the
ral and statesman, son of Hippoclus, was descended courage of his countrymen by the dream with
from a noble family and inberited a large estate, which he professed to have been favoured, and by
of which, according to Plutarch, he made a liberal the propitiatory sacrifice which he offered in obe-
use, applying his money to the relief of such as dience to it [SCEDASUS), and the success of the
were at once indigent and deservirg. He lired day was due in a great measure to him and to the
always in the closest friendship with Epaminondas, Sacred Band, which he commanded. In B. C. 369,
to whose simple frugality, as he could not persuade he was one of the generals of the Theban force
him to share his riches, he is said to have assimi- which invaded the Peloponnesus, and he united
lated his own mode of life. The disinterested with Epaminondas in persuading their colleagues
ardour which marked his friendship was conspi- not to return home till they had carried their anus
cuons also in his zealous attention to public affairs. into the territory of Sparta itself, though they
This be even carried so far as to neglect and impair, would thus be exceeding their legal term of office.
N 2
## p. 180 (#196) ############################################
] 80
PELOPIDAS.
PELOPS.
3
For thie, Epaminondas and Pelopidas were im. Thebes for protection against Alexander, and Pe-
peached afterwards by their enemies at Thebes, lopidas was appointed to aid them. His forces,
but were honourably acquitted. (EPAMINONDAS; however, were dismayed by an eclipse of the sun
MENECLEIDAS. ) Early in B. c. 368, the Thessa- (June 13), and, therefore, leaving them behind, he
lians who were suffering under the oppression of took with him into Thessaly only 300 horse, haring
Alexander of Pherae, applied for aid to Thebes. set out amidst the warnings of the soothsavers.
The appeal was responded to, and Pelopidas, being On his arrival at Pharsalus he collected a force
entrusted with the command of the expedition, occu- which he deemed sufficient, and marched against
pied Larissa, and received the submission of the ty: Alexander, treating lightly the great disparity of
rant, who had come thither for the purpose, but who numbers, and remarking that it was better as it
soon after songht safety in flight, alarmed at the was, since there would be more for him to conquer.
indignation shown by Pelopidas at the tales he According to Diodorus, he found the tyrant occu-
heard of his cruelty and prottigacy. From Thessaly pying a commanding position on the heights of
Pelopidas advanced into Macedonia, to arbitrate Cynoscephalae. Here a battle ensued, in which
between ALEXANDER 11. and Prolemy of Alorus. Pelopidas drove the enemy froni their ground, but
Having accommodated their differences, he took he himself was slain as, burning with resentmenin
away with him, as hostages for the continuance of, he pressed rashly forward to attack Alexander in
tranquillity, thirty boys of the noblest families, person. The Thebans and Thessalians made great
among whom, according to Plutarch and Diodorus, i lamentations for his death, and the latter, having
was the famous Philip, the father of Alexander the earnestly requested leave to bury hin, celebrated
Great. [PHILIPPUS II. ) In the course of the his funeral with extraordinary splendour. They
same year Pelopidas was sent again into Thessaly, honoured his memory also with statues and golden
in consequence of fresh complaints against Alex- | crowns, and gave more substantial proofs of their
ander of Pherae; but he went simply as an gratitude by presents of large estates to his chil-
ambassador, not expecting any opposition, and dren.
unprovided with a military force. Meanwhile Pelopidas has been censured, obviously with
Alexander, the Macedonian king, had been mur- justice, for the rashness, unbecoming a general,
dered by Ptolemy of Alorus ; and Pelopidas, being which he exhibited in his last battle ; and we may
applied to by the loyalists to aid them against the well believe that, on more occasions than this, his
usurper, hired some mercenaries and marched into fiery temperament betrayed him into acts character-
Macedonia. If we may believe Plutarch, Ptolemy istic rather of the gallant soldier than of the prudent
seduced his soldiers from him by bribes, and yet, commander. His success at the court of Artaxerxes
alarmed by his name and reputation, met him sub- i would lead us to ascribe to him considerable skill
missively, and promised to be a faithful ally of in diplomacy ; but some deduction must be made
Thebes, and to keep the throne for Perdiccas and from this in consideration of the very favourable
Philip, the brothers of the late king, placing in his circumstances under which his mission was under-
hands at the same time his son Philoxenus and taken, and the prestige which accompanied him in
fitty of his friends, as hostages for the fulfilment of consequence of the high position of his country at
his engagement. After this, Pelopidas, offended that period, and the recent humiliation of Sparta
at the desertion of his mercenaries, marched with Certainly, however, this very power of Thebes,
a body of Thessalians, whom he had collected, unprecedented and short-lived as it was, was owing
against Pharsalus, where he heard that most of the mainly to himself and to Epaminondas. But these
property of the delinquents was placed, as well as are minor points. Viewing him as a man, and
their wives and children. While he was before taking him all in all, Pelopidas was truly one of
the town, Alexander of Pherae presented himself, nature's noblemen ; and, if he was inferior to
and Pelopidas, thinking that he had come to give Epaminondas in powers of mind and in command-
an account of his conduct, went to meet him, ac- ing strength of character, he was raised above ordi-
companied by a few friends and unarmed. The nary men by his disinterested patriotism, his une
tyrant seized him, and confined him closely at calculating generosity, and, not least, by his cordial,
Pherae, where he remained till his liberation, in affectionate, unenvying admiration of his greater
B. C. 367, by a Theban force under Epaminondas. friend. (Plut. Pelopidas, Reg. et Imp. A poph. p.
During his imprisonment he is said to have treated 61, ed. Tauchn. ; Diod. xv. 62, &c. , 67, 71, 75,
Alexander with defiance, and to have exasperated 80, 81 ; Wess. ad loc. ; Xen. llell. rii. 1. $$ 33,
his wife Thebe against him. In the same year in &c. ; Ael. V. II. xi. 9, xiv. 38; Paus. ix. 15;
which he was released he was sent as ambassador Polyb. vi. 43, Fragm. Hist. xv. ; Corn. Nep.
to Susa, to counteract the Lacedaemonian and Pelopidas. ) (ALEXANDER of Pherae ; EPAMI
Athenian negotiatior. s at the Persian court. His NONDAS. )
[E. E. )
fame had preceded him, and he was received with PELOPS. (fénov. ) 1. A grandson of Zeus,
marked distinction by the king, and obtained, as and son of Tantalus and Dione, the daughter of
far as Persia could grant it, all that he asked for, Atlas. (Hygin. Fab. 83 ; Eurip. Orest
. init. ) As
viz, that Messenia should be independent, that he was thus a great-grandson of Cronos, he is
the Athenians should lay up their ships, and that called by Pindar Kpóvios (Ol. iii. 41), though it
the Thebans should be regarded as hereditary may also contain an allusion to Pluto, the mother
friends of the king. For himself, Pelopidas re- of Tantalus, who was a daughter of Cronos.
fused all the presents which Artaxerxes offered | [Pluto. ] Some writers call the mother of Pelops
him, and, according to Plutarch (Artax. 22), | Euryanassa or Clytia. (Schol. ad Eurip. Orest. 5,
avoided during his mission all that to a Greek | 11; Tzetz ad Lyc. 52 ; comp. Apostol. Centur.
mind would appear to be unmanly marks of ho- xviii. 7. ) He was married to Hippodameia, by
mage.
whom he became the father of Atreus (Letreus,
- In B. c. 364, the Thessalian towns, those espe Paus. vi. 22. $5), Thyestes, Dias, Cynosurus,
cially of Magnesia and Phthiotis, again applied to Corinthius, Hippalmus (Hippalcmus or Hippal-
## p. 181 (#197) ############################################
PELOPS.
181
PELOPS.
Jen ka
O bom, barn
dala
enero 2013
in to create
tracta
MA
Alessia
z le
2009
EST
011110 Fort*****
cimus), Hippasus, Cleon, Argeius, Alcathus, Aelius, | the companion of Rhea, danced on the occasion.
Pittheus, Troezen, Nicippe and Lysidice. (Apol-(Schol. ad Aristid. p. 216, ed. Frommel ; Lucian,
lod. ii. 4. § 5 ; Schol. ad Eurip.
riage solemnity, and Cheiron presented Peleus had once joined Heracles in his expedition against
with a lance (Hom. I. xvi. 143, xxiv. 61, &c. , Troy (Pind. Ol, viii. 60), was too old to accompany
which, however, according to Pindar, Nem. iii. his son Achilles against that city: he remained at
56, Peleus made for himself), Poseidon with the home and survived the death of his son. (Hom. I.
immortal horses, Balius and Xanthus, and the xviii. 434, Od. xi. 495. )
(L. S. )
other gods with arms. (Apollod. iii. 13. $ 5; PELIADES (Dexlades), the daughters of Pelias.
Hom. Il. xvi. 381, xvii. 443, xviii. 84. ) According (Eurip. Med. 9; Hygin. Fub. 24 ; comp. PE-
to some, his immortal wife soon left him, though | LIAS. )
(LS. )
Homer knows nothing of it (N. xviii. 86, 332, PE’LIAS (Tenías). 1. A son of Poseidon (or
441), for once, as he observed her at night while Cretheus, Hygin. Fab. 12 ; Schol. ad The Herit. iii.
she held the infant Achilles over a fire or in a 45) and Tyro. The latter, a daughter of Silmo-
cauldron of boiling water, in order to destroy in neus, was in love, in her youth, with the river-god
him those parts which he had inherited from his Enipeus, and Poseidon assuming the appearance
father, and which were mortal, Peleus was terror- of Enipeus, visited her, and became by her the
struck, and screamed so loud that she was pre- father of Pelias and Neleus. Afterwards she was
vented from completing her work. She therefore married to Cretheus, her father's brother; she became
quitted his house, and returned to her sisters, the by him the mother of Aeson, Pheres, and Amy-
Nereides ; but Peleus, or, according to others, thaon. (Hom. Od. xi. 234, &c; Apollod. i. 9.
Thetis herself (Orph. Argon. 385), took the boy $ 8 ; Hygin. Fab. 157. ) Pelias and Neleus were
Achilles to Cheiron, who brought him up. (Apollod. exposed by their mother, and one of them was
iii. 13. $ 6. ) Homer mentions only Achilles as struck by a mare which passed by, so that his face
the son of Peleus and Thetis, but later writers became black, and a shepherd who found the child
state that she had already destroyed by fire six called him Pelias (from mediów, Eustath. ad Hom.
children, of whom she was the mother by Peleus, p. 1682); and the other child which was suckled
and that as she attempted the same with Achilles, by a she-dog, was called Neleus, and both were
her seventh child, she was prevented by Peleus. brought up by the shepherd. When they had
(Apollon. Rhod. iv. 816 ; Lycoph. 178 ; Ptolem. grown up to manhood, ihey discovered who their
Hephaest. 6. ) After this Peleus, who is also men- mother was, and Pelias killed Sidero, the wife of
tioned among the Argonauts, in conjunction with Salmoneus and step-mother of Tyro, at the altar of
Jason and the Dioscuri, besieged Acastus at lol- Hera, because she had ill used her step-daughter
cus, slew Astydameia, and over the scattered limbs Tyro. After the death of Cretheus, Pelias did not
of her body led his warriors into the city. (Apollod. allow his step-brother Aeson to undertake the
iii. 13. $ 7; comp. i. 9. 16; Apollon. Rhod. i. government of the kingdom, and after expelling
91 ; Orph. Argon. 130 ; Hygin. Fab. 14. ) Some eren his own brother Neleus he ruled at lolcus
state that from mount Pelion Peleus, without an (Schol. ad Eurip. Alcest. 255; comp. Paus. iv. 2.
army, immediately returned to lolcus, slew Acas- $ 3), whereas according to others, he did not reign
tus and his wife (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 224 ; at lolcus till after Aeson's death, and even then
Pind. Nem. iii. 59), and annexed Iolcus to Hae only as the guardian of Jason, the son of Aeson.
monia. (Thessaly ; Pind. Nem. iv. 91. ) Respect-(Schol
. ad Hom. Od. xii. 70. ) It is probably in
ing the feud between Peleus and Acastus, the allusion to his conduct towards his own brothers
legends present great differences. Thus we are that Hesiod (Theog. 996) calls him upotus. He
told, for example, that Acastus, or his sons, Ar- married, according to some (Hygin. Fata 14),
chander and Architeles, expelled Peleus from his Anaxibia, the daughter of Bias, and according to
cecacat
PELGS
dzie
PELE
Price :
PEU
PELOI
Pen
2
4. Te
PELO
## p. 179 (#195) ############################################
PELOPIDAS.
179
PELOPIDAS.
others, Philomache, the daughter of Amphion, by his property, remarking, in answer to the remon-
whom he became the father of Acastus, Peisidice, strances of some of his friends, that money was cer
Pelopeia, Hippothoe and Alcestis. (Apollod. i. 9. tainly useful to such as were lame and blind.
$ 8. &c. ) Besides these daughters of Pelias (Pe. Hence, of course, he could not fail to be a marked
liades), several others are mentioned, such as Me- man in any political commotion, and, accordingly,
dusa (Hygin. Fab. 24), Amphinome, Evadne on the seizure of the Cadmeia by Phoebidas, in
(Diod. iv. 53), Asteropaea and Antinoe. (Paus. B. c. 382, he was obliged to fee from Thebes, and
viii
. 11. § 2. ) The Peliades were represented on took refuge, with his fellow-exiles, at Athens.
the chest of Cypselus, where however the name of Here he was the chief instigator and counsellor of
Alcestis alone was written. (Paus. v. 17. § 4 ; the enterprise by which democracy was restored to
comp. Hom. Il. ii. 715; Ov. Trist. v. 5. 55. ) | Thebes, and which Plutarch tells us the Greeks
After the murder of their father, they are said to called “sister to that of Thrasybulus. " In the exe-
have fled from lolcus to Mantineia in Arcadia cution of it also he bore a prominent part: it was
where their tombs also were shown. (Paus, viii. by his hand that LEONTIADES fell ; and, being
11. $ 2. ) Jason, after his return from Colchis, made Boeotarch with Mellon and Charon, he suc-
gave Alcestis in marriage to Admetus, Amphinome ceeded in gaining possession of the Cadmeia before
to Andracmon, and Evadne to Canes (Diod. iv. the arrival of succours from Sparta (B. C. 379).
53), though according to the common story, Pelias From this period until his death there was not a
himself gave Alcestis to Admetus. (ALCESTIS. ) year in which he was not entrusted with some im-
After Pelias had taken possession of the kingdom portant command. In B. C. 378, he and Gorgidas,
of lolcus, he sent Jason, the son of his step-brother his fellow-Boentarch, induced Sphodrias, the Spartan
Aeson, to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece, and as harmost at Thespiae, to invade Attica, and thus
he did not anticipate his return, he despatched succeeded in embroiling Athens with Lacedaemon
Aeson and his son Promachus. After the return (Gorgidas); and in the campaigns against the
of Jason, Pelias was cut to pieces and boiled by his Lacedaemonians in that and the two following years
own daughters, who had been told by Medeia that he was actively occupied, gradually teaching his coun-
in this nianner they might restore their father to trymen to cope fearlessly with the forces of Sparta,
vigour and youth. His son, Acastus, held solemn which had ever been deemed so formidable. The
funeral games in his honour at lolcus, and expelled successes occasionally gained by the Thebans during
Jason and Medeia from the country. (Apollod. i. this period (slight in themselves, but not unimpor-
9. $ 27, &c. ; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 175; 0v. Met. vii. tant in the spirit which they engendered) Pelopi-
297, &c. ; comp. Jason, MEDEIA, ARGONAUTAE. ) das shared with others; but the glory of the batile
Pelias is further mentioned as one of the first who of Tegyra, in B. C. 375, was all his own. The
celebrated the Olympian games. (Paus. v. 8. $ 1. ) town of Orchomenus in Boeotia, hostile to Thebes,
2.
A son of Aeginetes and a descendant of La- had admitted a Spartan garrison of two moras, and
cedaemonius, is mentioned by Pausanias (vii. 18. during the absence of this force on an expedition
$ 4).
(L. S. ] into Locris, Pelopidas formed the design of surprising
PELIGNUS, JU’LIUS, procurator of Cappa- the place, taking with him for the purpose only the
docia in the reign of Claudius, A. D. 52. (Tac. Ann. Sacred Band and a small body of cavalry. When he
xii. 49. )
arrived, however, he found that the absent garrison
PELLEN (Némnv), a son of Phorbas and had been replaced by fresh troops from Sparta, and he
grandson of Triopas, of Argos, was believed by the saw, therefore, the necessity of retreating. On his
Argives to have founded the town of Pellene in march back, he fell in, near Tegyra, with the two
Achaia. (Paus. vü. 26. & 5. )
(LS. ) moras which formed the garrison at Orchomenus, re-
PELLO'NIA, a Roman divinity, who was be tuming from Locris under the polemarchs Gorgoleon
lieved to assist mortals in warding off their enemies. and Theopompus. In spite of the inferiority of his
(August. De Civ. Dei, iv. 21 ; Arnob. Adv. Gent. numbers, Pelopidas exhibited great coolness and
iv. 4. )
(L. S. ] presence of mind ; and when one, running up to
PELOPEIA. (Tierótel. ) 1. A daughter of him, exclaimed, “ We have fallen into the midst of
Pelias. (Apollod. i. 9. § 10 ; Apollon. Rhod. i. the enemy,” his answer was, “Why so, more than
326. )
they into the midst of us? ” In the battle which
2. A daughter of Amphion and Niobe. (Apol- ensued, the two Spartan commanders fell at the
lod. iii. 5. 6. ; Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 159. ) first charge, and the Thebans gained a complete
3. A daughter of Thyestes. (Schol
. ad Eurip. victory. Plutarch might well call this the prelude
Orest. 14 ; Hygin. Fab. 88 ; Aelian, V. H. xii. of Leuctra, proving as it did that Sparta was not
42. )
invincible, even in a pitched battle and with the
4. The mother of Cycnus and Ares. (Apollod. advantage of numbers on her side. At Leuctra
ii. 7. 87 ; comp. CYCNUS. )
(L. S. )
(B. C. 371) Pelopidas joined Epaminondas in urging
PELO'PIDAS (Denomidas), the Theban gene the expediency of immediate action; he raised the
ral and statesman, son of Hippoclus, was descended courage of his countrymen by the dream with
from a noble family and inberited a large estate, which he professed to have been favoured, and by
of which, according to Plutarch, he made a liberal the propitiatory sacrifice which he offered in obe-
use, applying his money to the relief of such as dience to it [SCEDASUS), and the success of the
were at once indigent and deservirg. He lired day was due in a great measure to him and to the
always in the closest friendship with Epaminondas, Sacred Band, which he commanded. In B. C. 369,
to whose simple frugality, as he could not persuade he was one of the generals of the Theban force
him to share his riches, he is said to have assimi- which invaded the Peloponnesus, and he united
lated his own mode of life. The disinterested with Epaminondas in persuading their colleagues
ardour which marked his friendship was conspi- not to return home till they had carried their anus
cuons also in his zealous attention to public affairs. into the territory of Sparta itself, though they
This be even carried so far as to neglect and impair, would thus be exceeding their legal term of office.
N 2
## p. 180 (#196) ############################################
] 80
PELOPIDAS.
PELOPS.
3
For thie, Epaminondas and Pelopidas were im. Thebes for protection against Alexander, and Pe-
peached afterwards by their enemies at Thebes, lopidas was appointed to aid them. His forces,
but were honourably acquitted. (EPAMINONDAS; however, were dismayed by an eclipse of the sun
MENECLEIDAS. ) Early in B. c. 368, the Thessa- (June 13), and, therefore, leaving them behind, he
lians who were suffering under the oppression of took with him into Thessaly only 300 horse, haring
Alexander of Pherae, applied for aid to Thebes. set out amidst the warnings of the soothsavers.
The appeal was responded to, and Pelopidas, being On his arrival at Pharsalus he collected a force
entrusted with the command of the expedition, occu- which he deemed sufficient, and marched against
pied Larissa, and received the submission of the ty: Alexander, treating lightly the great disparity of
rant, who had come thither for the purpose, but who numbers, and remarking that it was better as it
soon after songht safety in flight, alarmed at the was, since there would be more for him to conquer.
indignation shown by Pelopidas at the tales he According to Diodorus, he found the tyrant occu-
heard of his cruelty and prottigacy. From Thessaly pying a commanding position on the heights of
Pelopidas advanced into Macedonia, to arbitrate Cynoscephalae. Here a battle ensued, in which
between ALEXANDER 11. and Prolemy of Alorus. Pelopidas drove the enemy froni their ground, but
Having accommodated their differences, he took he himself was slain as, burning with resentmenin
away with him, as hostages for the continuance of, he pressed rashly forward to attack Alexander in
tranquillity, thirty boys of the noblest families, person. The Thebans and Thessalians made great
among whom, according to Plutarch and Diodorus, i lamentations for his death, and the latter, having
was the famous Philip, the father of Alexander the earnestly requested leave to bury hin, celebrated
Great. [PHILIPPUS II. ) In the course of the his funeral with extraordinary splendour. They
same year Pelopidas was sent again into Thessaly, honoured his memory also with statues and golden
in consequence of fresh complaints against Alex- | crowns, and gave more substantial proofs of their
ander of Pherae; but he went simply as an gratitude by presents of large estates to his chil-
ambassador, not expecting any opposition, and dren.
unprovided with a military force. Meanwhile Pelopidas has been censured, obviously with
Alexander, the Macedonian king, had been mur- justice, for the rashness, unbecoming a general,
dered by Ptolemy of Alorus ; and Pelopidas, being which he exhibited in his last battle ; and we may
applied to by the loyalists to aid them against the well believe that, on more occasions than this, his
usurper, hired some mercenaries and marched into fiery temperament betrayed him into acts character-
Macedonia. If we may believe Plutarch, Ptolemy istic rather of the gallant soldier than of the prudent
seduced his soldiers from him by bribes, and yet, commander. His success at the court of Artaxerxes
alarmed by his name and reputation, met him sub- i would lead us to ascribe to him considerable skill
missively, and promised to be a faithful ally of in diplomacy ; but some deduction must be made
Thebes, and to keep the throne for Perdiccas and from this in consideration of the very favourable
Philip, the brothers of the late king, placing in his circumstances under which his mission was under-
hands at the same time his son Philoxenus and taken, and the prestige which accompanied him in
fitty of his friends, as hostages for the fulfilment of consequence of the high position of his country at
his engagement. After this, Pelopidas, offended that period, and the recent humiliation of Sparta
at the desertion of his mercenaries, marched with Certainly, however, this very power of Thebes,
a body of Thessalians, whom he had collected, unprecedented and short-lived as it was, was owing
against Pharsalus, where he heard that most of the mainly to himself and to Epaminondas. But these
property of the delinquents was placed, as well as are minor points. Viewing him as a man, and
their wives and children. While he was before taking him all in all, Pelopidas was truly one of
the town, Alexander of Pherae presented himself, nature's noblemen ; and, if he was inferior to
and Pelopidas, thinking that he had come to give Epaminondas in powers of mind and in command-
an account of his conduct, went to meet him, ac- ing strength of character, he was raised above ordi-
companied by a few friends and unarmed. The nary men by his disinterested patriotism, his une
tyrant seized him, and confined him closely at calculating generosity, and, not least, by his cordial,
Pherae, where he remained till his liberation, in affectionate, unenvying admiration of his greater
B. C. 367, by a Theban force under Epaminondas. friend. (Plut. Pelopidas, Reg. et Imp. A poph. p.
During his imprisonment he is said to have treated 61, ed. Tauchn. ; Diod. xv. 62, &c. , 67, 71, 75,
Alexander with defiance, and to have exasperated 80, 81 ; Wess. ad loc. ; Xen. llell. rii. 1. $$ 33,
his wife Thebe against him. In the same year in &c. ; Ael. V. II. xi. 9, xiv. 38; Paus. ix. 15;
which he was released he was sent as ambassador Polyb. vi. 43, Fragm. Hist. xv. ; Corn. Nep.
to Susa, to counteract the Lacedaemonian and Pelopidas. ) (ALEXANDER of Pherae ; EPAMI
Athenian negotiatior. s at the Persian court. His NONDAS. )
[E. E. )
fame had preceded him, and he was received with PELOPS. (fénov. ) 1. A grandson of Zeus,
marked distinction by the king, and obtained, as and son of Tantalus and Dione, the daughter of
far as Persia could grant it, all that he asked for, Atlas. (Hygin. Fab. 83 ; Eurip. Orest
. init. ) As
viz, that Messenia should be independent, that he was thus a great-grandson of Cronos, he is
the Athenians should lay up their ships, and that called by Pindar Kpóvios (Ol. iii. 41), though it
the Thebans should be regarded as hereditary may also contain an allusion to Pluto, the mother
friends of the king. For himself, Pelopidas re- of Tantalus, who was a daughter of Cronos.
fused all the presents which Artaxerxes offered | [Pluto. ] Some writers call the mother of Pelops
him, and, according to Plutarch (Artax. 22), | Euryanassa or Clytia. (Schol. ad Eurip. Orest. 5,
avoided during his mission all that to a Greek | 11; Tzetz ad Lyc. 52 ; comp. Apostol. Centur.
mind would appear to be unmanly marks of ho- xviii. 7. ) He was married to Hippodameia, by
mage.
whom he became the father of Atreus (Letreus,
- In B. c. 364, the Thessalian towns, those espe Paus. vi. 22. $5), Thyestes, Dias, Cynosurus,
cially of Magnesia and Phthiotis, again applied to Corinthius, Hippalmus (Hippalcmus or Hippal-
## p. 181 (#197) ############################################
PELOPS.
181
PELOPS.
Jen ka
O bom, barn
dala
enero 2013
in to create
tracta
MA
Alessia
z le
2009
EST
011110 Fort*****
cimus), Hippasus, Cleon, Argeius, Alcathus, Aelius, | the companion of Rhea, danced on the occasion.
Pittheus, Troezen, Nicippe and Lysidice. (Apol-(Schol. ad Aristid. p. 216, ed. Frommel ; Lucian,
lod. ii. 4. § 5 ; Schol. ad Eurip.
