No More Learning

«
Fuller, is a story of modern Chi-
opposed to all privilege and to all orders cago life, conceived in a gayer spirit
of men except dukes, who were a neces- than the author's painful study of “The
sity. He was also strongly in favor of Cliff-Dwellers. This tale occupies itself
the equal division of all property except with the social rather than the business
land. Liberty depended on land, and side of society, and takes upon itself the
the greater the land-owners the greater function of the old French comedy, - to
the liberty of a country. ” ( St. Alde- criticise laughingly men and morals.
He held, extreme With the procession, by Henry B.


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
553
begebenen
#
are as
re-
***
te do
the
Fut
as
The Marshalls belong to a family as ing of feminine America; the pushing
old, for Chicago, as the Knickerbockers little widow, her aunt, determined to
for New York or the Howards for Eng- obtain social recognition; the cad,
land. They have had money for thirty Truesdell; the pathetic, ineffectual
years, and can count themselves as be- “Pa”; the glaringly vulgar Mrs. Belden,
longing to the ancien noblesse of the - all these and a dozen more
city, the race whose founders can typical and indisputable as they are na-
member the early settlers. But the tional, and impossible in any other land.
father and mother have not taken ad- The story is extremely entertaining, and
vantage of their opportunities. They carries conviction as an authentic picture
are old-fashioned people, who despise of a certain phase of our chaotic life.
modern society because they do not un-
derstand it, and who keep on living in Social Equality: A SHORT STUDY IN A
the primitive ways of forty years ago. Missing SCIENCE, by William Hur-
The eldest son goes into business; the rell Mallock. (1882. ) This original and
eldest daughter marries, on the social acute work asserts the need of a new
level of green rep furniture and Brussels science, applicable to that field after
carpets of floral design. The second considering which modern democracy de-
daughter, Jane, full of energy and am- clares social equality to be the only hope
bition, wreaks herself on charities or of mankind. This science is the «science
clubs. But the younger son, Truesdell, of human character); and Mr. Mallock
is educated abroad; and the youngest aims to point out its limits, and the
daughter, Rosy, goes to school in New order of facts of which it will take cog-
York. Truesdell returns home in a few nizance, reviewing the most important
years an alien; with a dilettante knowl- of these and stating the chief general
edge of music, art, and literature, and a conclusion that will result from them.
set of ideas and ideals wholly Conti- His main points are as follows: That
nental, and wholly foreign to anything human character naturally desires,
his family has ever heard of. At the soon as seen, inequality in external cir-
same time, Miss Rosamund Marshall cumstances, or social inequality (a con-
emerges from school, a willful, shrewd, dition which not only produces this
self-sufficient beauty, who is irrevocably desire, but in turn is produced by it).
determined to win a proud position in All labor is caused by motive, lacking
Chicago's best society. A
day which man is not a laboring animal;
dawns for the Marshall family: they can and motive is the resultant of character
rusticate no longer amid
the city's and external circumstances, i. e. , of a
clangor; they must take their place desire for social inequality, and of a
«with the procession. ”
Mrs. Granger social inequality answering the desire,
Bates, the envied society leader, be- — respectively the subjective and the ob-
comes their pilot, and they are fairly jective side of the same thing. Inequal-
launched on the great social sea. The ity supplies the motive, not indeed of
author's irony is pervasive but
all human activity, but of all productive
bitter, though sometimes it gives us labor, except the lowest. Social inequal-
sharp surprise. There is so much of ity, then, Mr. Mallock asserts, has been,
tragedy as inheres in the deliberate is, and so far as we have any opportun-
choice of low aims and material suc- ity of knowing, ever will be, the divinely
cesses over noble efforts and ends. Rosy appointed means of human progress
makes the match she hopes for, sacri- whether impersonal expressed in
ficing her family to it. Poor Mr. Mar- enterprises, discoveries, and inventions,
shall, who cannot keep up with the pace or personal as expressed in the social
of the crowd, falls under their heedless conditions under which the enterprises,
and merciless feet. The character-draw- discoveries, and inventions have been
ing is admirable: Mrs. Granger Bates, made and utilized. Social equality he
the multi-millionaire who lives in a pal- regards as a hindrance to progress, and
ace, keeps up all her accomplishments, a cause of retrogression. He thus joins
and neither forgets nor conceals the issue squarely with the socialists, strives
happy days of her youth when she to confute them even out of their own
washed "G s» shirts and cooked mouths, and asserts that fa reason,
his frugal dinners; Jane Marshall, the and science, lie not with them but with
embodied common-sense and good feel- the present order of society. The book
new
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554
SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
is written with great clearness and di- informed and aided by Katherine, drags
rectness, and an abundance of illustra- Dillon back to the Ariel, but too late to
tive instances. It is the work of a save her. Crippled by the battery, she
scholar, and of a keen and vigorous is wrecked; Tom refuses to leave her,
thinker; and is an admirable text-book Dillon is left aboard to punish his
for conservatives.
treachery; – both are drowned. The frig-
ate takes off the survivors, gallantly
The
The Pilot, by James Fenimore Cooper, runs the gauntlet of an English fleet,
written in 1823, was a pioneer in and lands the Pilot in Holland, his mis-
genuine sea stories. Walter Scott's “Pi. sion ended though not accomplished.
rate) had just been published, and was After the war the four lovers are hap-
discussed at a New York dinner-table pily united.
where Cooper was present. The guests
generally expressed the opinion that it Letters from Egypt, Last, of Lady
|
Duff-Gordon, to which are added
could not have been written by Scott,
Letters from the Cape. ) (1875. ) These
who was suspected to be the author of
letters, which cover the period from 1862
Waverley, because Scott never had been
to 1869, are written in a free and fa-
at sea. Cooper said that for that very
miliar vein, at once engaging and frank.
reason he thought Scott wrote it, and
The descriptions of travels, adventures
added that he would undertake to write
a real sea story. (The Pilot) was the
encountered, people met, and sights seen,
are written to give friends at home a
result.
gossipy account of all her movements,
Paul Jones's adventures suggested the
plot; which is, in brief, an attempt dur-
and with no view to publication. But
Lady Gordon, as Lucy Austin, had
ing the Revolutionary War to abduct
some prominent Englishmen for exchange
begun in early childhood to write fasci-
nating letters, and these were too good
against American prisoners. An Ameri-
to be withheld from the public. They
can frigate, purposely unnamed, with the
schooner Ariel, appears off Northumber-
touch upon an endless variety of topics,
land and takes on board a mysterious
with the readiness of a mind quick to
Pilot, who is intended to represent Paul
observe, trained by happy experience,
Jones. A heavy gale arises; the frigate
and always sympathetic with the best.
is saved only by the Pilot's skill and Philip and his wife, by Margaret
knowledge. Near by, at the «Abbey," Deland. (1895. ) This book might
lives Colonel Howard, a self-expatriated well be called a study in selfishness,
American loyalist, with his nieces, Ce- although its emphasis seems to bear upon
cilia Howard and Katherine Plowden; marriage and the marriage laws; con-
also a relative, Christopher Dillon, a cerning which the author propounds cer-
suitor of Cecilia's and the villain of the tain theories and problems, without offer-
story. The girls' favored lovers ing any direct solution. Philip Shore, an
Griffith, first officer of the frigate, and unsuccessful artist, marries Cecilia Dray-
Barnstaple, commander of the Ariel. ton, rich, beautiful, and accomplished,
The girls discover, and Dillon suspects, but soulless, and finds himself face to
the proximity of their lovers. Griffith, face with the question: "Is not mar-
disguised and with a small support, re- riage without love as spiritually illegal
connoitres the “Abbey,” and is over- as love without marriage is civilly ille-
powered by troops obtained by Dillon; gal? And if it is, what is your duty ? ”
but he is rescued by reinforcements The story of Philip and his Wife) is
brought by the Pilot, whose own mission painful and almost tragic, but it is set
has failed. Colonel Howard and family against a background of charming variety
are taken aboard the frigate. Mean- and richness of color. The plot is sim-
while Barnstaple has fought and captured ple. Philip and Cecil come to open dis-
the British cutter Alacrity. Finding pute regarding the bringing-up of their
Dillon aboard of her, he sends him on only daughter, Molly. They can agree
shore, under parole, together with the to separate, but neither will divorce the
coxswain, «Long Tom » Coffin.
«Long
other. Who shall have the care of Molly?
Tom,” with his inseparable harpoon, is In the end Cecil surrenders the child to
Leatherstocking in sea-togs. Dillon Philip, who goes his way, while his wife
trays his trust, and orders a neighbor- departs on hers. Each has failed in a
ing battery to fire on the Ariel. Tom, different way; he because of his lonely
are


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
555
-
spiritual selfishness, she because of her
light-minded, superficial, and perilous
frivolity. The subsidiary characters are
drawn with great skill and charm. Roger
Carey, crude and uncompromising, is
engaged to the dainty Alicia, Cecil's
younger sister. The engagement is bro-
ken because of her devotion to her in-
valid motner, tne querulous Mrs. Drayton,
whose selfishness is all-devouring, while
she prays devoutly and quotes Scripture
without ceasing Carey falls under the
influence of Cecil Shore's beauty, which
for a time captivates him, despite his
recognition of her true character. His
manliness asserts itself at last, and Roger
returns to Alicia, in whom he finds his
ideal helpmeet. Dr. Lavendar, the hon-
est, blundering old rector, and his amia-
ble brother, are cleverly depicted; as are
also Susan Carr, in her goodness of
heart and soundness of sense; Mrs. Pen-
dleton, with her literary” affectations;
and Molly in her weird precocity. All
these, down to the drunken brute Todd
and his tearful Eliza, are portrayed with
exquisite comprehension and unfailing
felicity of humor. There are some scenes
of great dramatic power, and the back-
ground of village life in southern Penn-
sylvania is pictured with much charm.
The Purple Island (called also the
Isle of Man), by Phineas Fletcher.
This poem, in twelve cantos, published
in 1633, describes the human body as
an island. The bones are the founda-
tion; the veins and arteries, rivers; the
heart, liver, stomach, etc. , goodly cities;
the mouth, a cave; the teeth are twice
sixteen porters, receivers of the custom-
ary rent); the tongue, «a groom who
delivers all unto neare officers. ) The
liver is the arch-city, where two purple
streams (two great rivers of blood)
(raise their boil-heads. »
The eyes are
watch-towers; the sight, the warder.
Taste and the tongue are man and wife.
The island's prince is the intellect; the
five senses are his counselors. Disease
and vice are his mortal foes, with whom
war. The virtues are his
allies. All is described in the minutest
detail, with a rare knowledge of anat-
omy, and there is a profusion of literary
and classical allusion.
Li iterature, by Hermann Grimm, is a
collection of scholarly essays, upon
half a dozen of the great figures of lit-
erature. The book has a peculiar inter-
est for Americans in its two essays on
Emerson, whose genius Professor Grimm
was the first German to recognize. Even
to-day Emerson has not a large hearing
in Germany,- his style is different and
his ideas strange to the whole tone of
German thought; and thirty-five years
ago, when Professor Grimm had just
discovered him, and went about sound-
ing his praises and persuading his friends
to read him, he (Grimm) was considered
slightly mad. He persisted, however, in
considering Emerson as the most in-
dividual thinker the world has seen since
Shakespeare.
In two illuminative papers, the author
undertakes to explain the most brilliant
figure of eighteenth-century letters, Vol-
taire. In France and Voltaire,' he
traces, from the time of Louis XIII. ,
the governing ideas of French life, and
their expression in the great writers,
Corneille, Racine, Molière, and the rest,
till Voltaire came to give voice to the
new feelings that were surging up in
the hearts of the subjects of Louis the
well-beloved. In Frederick the Great
and Voltaire,' he chronicles the stormy
friendship of the erratic German genius
for the erratic French one. (Frederick
the Great and Macaulay) treats of Ma-
caulay's essay on that monarch, and
incidentally Macaulay's theory of his-
tory. Other essays are on Albert Dürer,
the great pioneer of modern artists; on
Bettina von Arnim, the girl-friend of
Goethe; on Dante; and on the brothers
Grimm, father and uncle of Hermann
Grimm, and known everywhere as the
compilers of (Grimm's Fairy Tales. )
Books and Book men, by Andrew
Lang, (1886. ) is, the author
states in the preface, the swan-song of
a book-hunter. The author does not
book-hunt any more: he leaves the sport
to others, and with catalogues he lights
a humble cigarette. ” Thus humorously
he ushers in a little volume of rare
vintage; the mellow reflections of one
whose scholarship in the subjects he
treats is only equaled by his geniality.
He writes with pleasant nonchalance of
Literary Forgeries ); of Parish Regis-
ters); of (Bookmen at Rome); of (Bibli-
omania in France); of (Book-Bindings);
of Elzevirs? ; of Japanese Bogie-
Books, ' - - a feast indeed for an epicu-
The volume ends with a prayer
that it may be somehow made legitimate
as
he wages
rean.


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556
SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
was а
(to steal the books that never can be
new settlement in the old spot
mine. ”
that rose again to prosperity as Lud's
Town. From the sixth century onward,
The Roman Poets, by W. Y. Sellar.
Vol. i. , The Poets of the Republic;
the city, though ravaged by plagues, and
Vol. ii. , Virgil; Vol. iii. , Horace and the
more often by fires, always its bane, has
Elegiac Poets. (1863-97. ) The entire
grown steadily in population, wealth,
work forms one of the most scholarly,
and importance. Roman, Saxon, Dan-
complete, and interesting contributions
ish, Norman, Plantagenet, and at last
to the history of literature ever written.
English, it has always been a city of
The author is not only a classical critic
churches and palaces. Its burghers have
of the first order, of ripe scholarship and
always been free men, owning no lord
but the king; and its mayors have ri.
fine literary taste, but his appreciation
of Roman culture, profound and exact,
valed great nobles in power and splen-
and his exceptional power of lucid expo-
dor. Dick Whittington may not have
made his fortune by selling a cat; but it
sition, have enabled him to give Roman
is certain that when, as mayor of Lon-
intellectual culture of the finer Sort its
due, in comparison with Greek, to an
don, he entertained King Henry V. , he
extent not elsewhere done. Largely as
burned £60,000 worth of royal bonds, as
Roman genius in Latin literature was
a little attention to royalty. The city's
fed from Greek sources, it was yet more
greatest mayor was Sir Thomas Gres-
original and independent than has been
ham, who, in Elizabeth's day, conceived
commonly supposed. The whole level of
the idea of transferring the centre of the
Latin culture is at once lifted and illu-
world's commerce from Antwerp to Lon-
minated in Dr. Sellar's wonderfully rich
don, and to that end built the Royal
Exchange. The record of each century
and glowing pages.
The volume de-
voted to Virgil is unsurpassed in any
is full of incident, story, and social
changes. Mr. Besant is writing on a
language as a masterpiece of interpret-
ation and of delightful critical praise.
subject he loves, and spares no pains to
The writer's outlook is not that of a
lay before the reader a brilliant picture
Latin chair alone: it is that of humanity
of the streets and buildings, businesses,
customs, and amusements of the ever-
and of universal culture; that of Greek
flourishing, ever-changing city, now the
and English and European history; to
great centre of the financial, economical,
bring Roman mind into comparison with
and social world.
all the great types of mind in all lands
and of all ages.
To know what the
deeper spiritual developments of the Mithridate, by Racine. This power-
ful and affecting tragedy was pro-
Roman world were when Christ came,
duced on the 13th of January 1673, the
what were the rays of light and the
day after the author's reception into the
clouds of darkness at the dawn of the
Academy. It seems to have been writ-
new faith, readers can hardly find a
ten in reply to those critics who asserted
better guide than this study of the Ro-
that the only character he was success-
man poets.
ful in painting was that of a
Lon
ondon, by Walter Besant, is a
The scene is laid in Pontus, and the
prehensive survey of the metropolis hero is the cruel and heroic king who
of the modern world from the Roman was the irreconcilable enemy of Rome.
days to those of George the Second. Mithridates has disappeared, and is be-
The material is of course well worn, but lieved to be dead. His two sons, the
the skill of the writer's method and the treacherous Pharnaces and the chivalrous
freshness of his interest make it seem Xiphares, prepare to seize his crown
He begins his tale with the occu- and dispute the possession of his be-
pation of the Romans, who, appreciating trothed, Monima. The old king returns,
the value of the river Thames, picked discovers by a stratagem that Xiphares
out a dry hillock in the great stretches has won the love of Monima, and swears
of marsh along the stream, and founded to be avenged. Meanwhile he plans a
the town of Augusta, - an isolated spot formidable attack on Rome: he will
in the midst of fen and forest. After ascend the Danube and burst upon the
the Roman evacuation of Britain, no Romans from the north. Xiphares fa-
more is heard of Augusta; the town vors the project, but Pharnaces opposes
having been deserted or destroyed. It it, and the soldiers refuse to follow their
woman.
com-
new.


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
557
manner
king. The Romans unite with the reb-
els; and in the battle that follows, Mith-
ridates falls mortally wounded. Before
dying, he joins the two lovers Xiphares
and Monima. In his portraiture of
Mithridates, Racine sometimes rises to
the sublimity of Corneille. He has
scarcely ever written anything grander
than the speech in which the hero ex-
plains his policy to his two sons. The
in which the complexity of
Mithridates's character, his greatness and
weakness, his heroism and duplicity, are
laid bare, shows wonderful psychological
delicacy and skill: and all this is finely
contrasted with the simplicity and unity
of the nature of Monima in its high
moral beauty and unvarying dignity.
The great fault of, Mithridates) is the
fault of Racine's other tragedies dealing
with Eastern life: the absence of an
Oriental atmosphere.
unrivaled among the many fine scenes
in Molière. When fiercest in denuncia-
tion, the guardian yields to a gentle glance
and word. "Little traitress," he cries,
«I pardon you all. I give you back my
love. That word, that look, disarms my
wrath. )
A pair of conventional stage
fathers now appear, who, by revealing
the fact that their children, the lovers,
have been betrothed from their cradles,
unite the two with their blessings; and
the desolate Arnolphe receives the pen-
alty of a selfish meddler with youthful
affection. Obdurate and rigid in his
theories, Arnolphe yet wins esteem by
the strength of his character that domi-
nates, even in defeat, the close of the
play. Agnes, a type of maiden innocence,
far from being colorless or insipid, is a
living, glowing portrait of a genuinely
interesting ingenue, using artifice nat-
urally foreign to her disposition at the
service of love only. Outside of the real
merit of the play, and the curious side-
light it throws on the dramatist's opin-
ions (married at this time at forty years
of age to a girl of seventeen), it opened
an attack upon him for suspected reli-
gious latitude; contemporary criticism
being leveled at the scene in the third
act, where a treatise, The Maxims of
Marriage,' is presented by the guardian-
lover to his ward.
L'Ecole des Femmes (The School for
Wives), by Molière, produced in 1662,
is a companion piece to L'École des
Maris ) (The School for Husbands). They
have essentially the same plot; treated,
however, with great dramatic dexterity,
to clothe a different idea in each.
In
this comedy, Arnolphe, a typical middle-
aged jealous guardian of Agnes, has edu-
cated his ward for his future model wife
by carefully excluding from her mind all
knowledge of good or evil; her little
world is circumscribed by the grilled
windows and strong doors of Arnolphe's
house. Returning from a journey, he
finds her sweet and tranquil in her ignor-
ance as before. But soon meeting Hor-
ace, a son of his old friend Oronte, he
learns by the ingenuous confession of
the young fellow that, madly in love with
"a young creature in that house,” he in-
tends to use the money just borrowed
from his father's friend to carry her off.
Frantic at this disclosure, Arnolphe rushes
to the imprisoned Agnes, from whom by
ingenious questioning he extracts a can-
did avowal of her affection for her lover,
and an account of a visit from him. By
a clever series of intrigues, the guardian
is made the willing, unwitting go-between
of the two young people; until at last
Agnes, having determined to run away
from her hated suitor, braves his anger.
Then it is that Arnolphe displays a depth
of real passion and tenderness, tragic in
its intensity, in pleading with her to re-
voke her decision; a scene that remains
Dawn of the Nineteenth Century in
England, The: A SOCIAL SKETCH
OF THE TIMES, by John Ashton. With
116 illustrations, drawn by the author
from contemporary engravings. Never
in the history of the world has there
been such a change in things social as
since the beginning of the nineteenth
century; and to those who are watching
its close, already at the dawn of the
twentieth, this work is one of invalua-
ble reference and comparison. The arts,
sciences, manufactures, customs, and
manners, were then so widely divergent
from those of to-day, that it
hardly possible that they belong to the
same era, or could have existed less
than one hundred years ago.
Steam
was then in its infancy: locomotives and
steamships just beginning to be heard
of; gas a novel experiment; electricity a
scientific plaything. Beginning with a
slight retrospect of the eighteenth cen-
tury, the author briefly outlines the in-
fluence of Bonaparte in matters political;
follows with a description of the food
seems


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558
SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
a
a
to
riots in London; the union with Ireland; her window to Adam in his strawberry
death of Lord Nelson; abolition of the bed below are a delightful feature of
slave trade; amusing photographs of the the story, which is enlivened by his dry
streets with their beggars, chimney- humor and her witty repartee. After-
sweeps, dealers of small wares and great math,' the second part of A Kentucky
cries; then the postal drawbacks and Cardinal, follows the lovers through the
stage-coach infelicities; the famous pris- days of their engagement and their brief
ons, notably the Fleet; museums and wedded life, which is one of ideal happi-
museum gardens, theatres and operas; ness while it lasts.
Georgianna strives
Tattersall's and Gretna Green marriages;
to win her husband from his overmas-
with innumerable extracts relating to tering fondness for nature; and he, to
people and places of note; -- all taken please her, enters into social life and
from original and authentic sources, seeks to interest himself more in the
newspapers being an authority of con- (study of mankind. ” At the birth of a
stant reference. The quaint illustrations son Georgianna passes away, leaving her
add much to the interest of the work husband to seek consolation where he
which extends a little over a decade. can best obtain it, - from his beloved
(nature. ” Mr. Allen has delicate
A
Kentucky Cardinal, and Aftermath, touch and a charm of style; and his de-
by James Lane Allen. (1895. ) The scriptions of nature and of bird life pos-
Kentucky Cardinal) is fresh and sess a really poetic beauty, while they
dainty tale, which may be called an are characterized by a ring of truthful-
idyl of the woods. » The story tells of ness which convinces the reader that the
the wooing of Adam Moss, a recluse who author's heart is in his words. There is
devotes himself nature, and who a blending of pathos and humor in the
dwells in a garden, which his loving work which makes it delightful reading.
touch converts almost into fairyland,
where all the fruits and flowers blossom
Spanish Conquest in America, The,
and ripen to perfection, and where all by Arthur Helps, was published in
the birds have learned to rest on their four volumes, in England, from 1855 to
migratory journeys. Adam knows all 1861. Its sub-title, Its Relation to the
the birds and loves them best of all liy- History of Slavery and the Government
ing creatures, until he meets Georgi- of Colonies, conveys a more adequate
anna, his beautiful next-door neighbor. idea of the theme.
She is a lovely, tormenting, bewildering While Sir Arthur was laboring upon
creature, who eludes him one day, en- his compendious work, (Conquerors of
courages him the next, and scorns him the New World) (1848-52), his interest
a third.
Despite her endless in Spanish-American slavery so increased
sources for tormenting Adam, she is un- that he visited Spain, and examined in
deniably charming and alluring. She is, Madrid such MSS. as pertained to the
however, possessed by a vague fear that subject. As a result the present work
her lover's fondness for nature and for appeared. The author had spared no
his birds is something that must pre- pains to render his work absolutely
vent his entire allegiance to her. She trustworthy, eschewing the picturesque
tests his affection by demanding that method wherein he might have excelled,
he cage for her the splendid «Kentucky
in order to attain to absolute accuracy, -
cardinal; and Adam wages
a bitter a rare virtue in historians. The result
warfare with himself before allowing his was that the work, written with an ob-
love for Georgianna to triumph over his trusive moral purpose, and devoid of
lifelong principle and conscientious at- literary brilliancy, was not a success.
titude towards his feathery friends. The Frequently the author suspends the on-
caging of the bird, which beats its life ward movement of the narrative while
out in the prison, is converted by the he pauses to analyze motive and investi-
author's skill into a veritable tragedy, gate character. Seeing that his elaborate
wherein the reader keenly shares Adam's work lacked popularity, Sir Arthur broke
remorse and Georgianna’s grief. The up much of the biographical substance
lovers quarrel; and then follows a recon- into (Lives, which appeared later: Las
ciliation which reveals each more clearly Casas, the Apostle of the Indians) (1868);
to the other, and unites them finally. (Columbus) (1869); Pizarro) (1869); and
The conversations of Georgianna from (Hernando Cortes) (1871). All these
on
re-
:


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
559
ous
became justly popular; and while the
parent work is valuable chiefly to stu-
dents of the period, its progeny still de-
light the general reader.
Tropical Africa, by Henry Drummond,
was published shortly after the au-
thor's return from his African explora-
tions in 1886; several of the chapters
having appeared as magazine articles
before their publication in book form.
There is considerable breadth of subject-
matter; but the man of science, pervaded
by a robust, religious spirit, speaks in
every chapter.
From the geographer's view-point, the
volume possesses greatest value as out-
lining the water-route to the heart of
Africa, by way of the rivers Zambezi
and Shire, and as describing some of
the great inland lakes. The geological
sketch and the meteorological note »
are admirable in their way; and the
observations upon the white ant, and
the mimicry of African insects, evince
the gifts of the painstaking and ingeni-
observer. But the author speaks
his most earnest word when he treats
the Heart Disease of Africa [the slave
trade), and its Pathology and Cure. )
Professor Drummond severely arraigns
the Powers) for tolerating the inhu-
man enormities of this hideous traffic.
The language of the volume throughout
is vivid though simple; and the quaint
humor, now and again appearing, adds
zest and flavor to the interesting narra-
tive.


## p. 560 (#596) ############################################

560
EDITORIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Tis evident to any one who examines the LIBRARY that its value
largely rests upon the original contributions of authors and
scholars in Europe and America. The list of writers at home
and abroad is one that would give distinction to any work. For their
cordial aid and for their valuable suggestions during the progress of the
undertaking, the editors return sincere thanks. Many of the writers are
to be credited with many articles besides those to which their names are
attached. For a full list of writers who have signed their articles, see
the accompanying table.
It is pleasant also to make special acknowledgment of the great aid
rendered by
Professor WILLIAM CRANSTON LAWTON, who for most of the time had
charge of the classical department;
Mr. CHARLES H. GENUNG, who had the oversight of the Middle Euro-
pean literature;
Miss HARRIET WATERS PRESTON, for valuable assistance in the Proven-
çal language and also in the classics;
Mr. E. IRENEUS STEVENSON, for assistance in the selections from French
and other European authors;
Mrs. SERRANO and Miss HILLARD, for translations from the Spanish and
the French;
Mr. WILLIAM POTTs, for effective editorial work during nearly the whole
course of the production of the work;
Mr. EDWARD C. TOWNE, for very valuable assistance in the latter por-
tions of the work; and,
Mr. FORREST MORGAN, who has had editorial charge of the production
of the volumes in the printing-office, and whose taste, skill in typography,
and extensive and remarkable knowledge of authors and of literature,
have been invaluable during the whole undertaking.
We have been constantly under obligations for the many courtesies
of the librarians of the Mercantile, Astor, Columbia University. and the
Lenox Libraries.
We are indebted to the very large number of publishers who have per-
mitted us to use copyrighted articles of which they had control, and
whose rights we have endeavored to protect in every case by notice of
such copyright accompanying the literature selected.


## p. 561 (#597) ############################################

561
CONTRIBUTORS OF SIGNED ARTICLES
Lyman Abbott
Henry Ward Beecher
Alfred Ainger
Charles Lamb
Francis Bacon
Sir Thomas Browne
Charles E. Bennett
Tacitus
Th. Bentzon (Madame Thérèse Blanc)
George Sand
Henry Bérenger
Edgar Quinet, François Rabelais
John Bigelow -
Benjamin Franklin
J. F. Bingham
Jean Baptiste Massillon, Silvio Pellico, Petrarch, Torquato
Tasso
Samuel A. Binion
The Kabbalah
William Henry Bishop
Benito Pérez Galdós, José Maria de Pereda, Armando Pa-
lacio Valdés, Juan Valera
Ferdinand Bôcher
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne
Paul Bourget
Gustave Flaubert
Robert Bridges
Robert Louis Stevenson
W. C. Brownell
William Makepeace Thackeray
J. Douglas Bruce
Edmund Spenser
Ferdinand Brunetière
Ernest Renan, Hippolyte Adolphe Taine
Edward Franklin Buchner
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Clarence Clough Buel
Horace Greeley
Lucy Catlin Bull
Ivan Vazoff
E. L. Burlingame
Robert Browning
John Burroughs
Henry D. Thoreau, Walt Whitman
Richard Burton
Henri Frédéric Amiel, Heinrich Heine, Sidney Lanier
Y. Blaze de Bury
St. Francis de Sales
Isa Carrington Cabell
Lord Beaconsfield
Arthur G. Canfield
Blaise Pascal
George R. Carpenter
Thomas De Quincey, John Greenleaf Whittier
William H. Carpenter
Alcuin, Olof von Dalin, The Eddas, Henrik Ibsen
Edward Cary
George William Curtis
John White Chadwick W. E. H. Lecky, Theodore Parker
Victor Charbonnel
Edmond Schérer, Paul Verlaine
Edward Bull Clapp
Plutarch
Adolphe Cohn
Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, Ferdinand Brunetière, Victor
Hugo, Adolphe Thiers, Voltaire
XXX-36


## p. 562 (#598) ############################################

562
CONTRIBUTORS OF SIGNED ARTICLES
-
F. Howard Collins
Herbert Spencer
Jane Grosvenor Cooke
Alain René Le Sage, Anthony Trollope
Frederick Taber Cooper
Marie-Henri Beyle
Thomas Davidson
Abélard, Aristotle, Saint Bonaventura, Ibn Sînâ (Avicenna),
Lady Nairne, Sappho
Humphrey J. Desmond Jean Charles Simonde de Sismondi
Nathan Haskell Dole
Edward Fitzgerald, Iván Aleksandrovitch Goncharóf, Omar
Khayyam, Giovanni Verga
Robert K. Douglas
The Literature of China
Edward Dowden
Goethe, Shakespeare (as the Poet)
Pitts Duffield
Sir. Philip Sidney, Tobias George Smollett
Maurice Francis Egan
Pedro Calderon, St. Francis d'Assisi, Louis Honoré Fré-
chette, José-Maria de Hérédia, Alessandro Manzoni,
John Boyle O'Reilly, Coventry Patmore, Adam de
Saint Victor, Lope de Vega
Richard T. Ely
John Stuart Mill, Adam Smith
E. P. Evans
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Jean Paul Friedrich Richter,
Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller
H. Rushton Fairclough
Tyrtæus, Archilochus, and their Successors in the De-
velopment of Greek Lyric
Frederick W. Farrar
The New Testament
Mrs. James T. Fields
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Augustin Filon
Alphonse Daudet
Olga Flinch
Carl Michael Bellman, Pierre of Provence and the Beau-
tiful Maguelonne
Paul Leicester Ford
Thomas Jefferson
Alcée Fortier
Jean Pierre de Béranger, Alphonse de Prat de Lamartine,
Alfred De Musset
Kuno Francke
Johann Gottfried Herder, Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock
Hamlin Garland
Ulysses S. Grant
Richard Garnett
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Charles Mills Gayley -
Oliver Goldsmith
Charles Harvey Genung
Heinrich von Kleist, Adam Mickiewicz, The Nibelungen-
lied, Alexander Petöfi, Hans Sachs, Henryk Sien-
kiewicz, Johann Ludwig Uhland, Richard Wagner,
Walther von der Vogelweide and his Times
Basil L. Gildersleeve
Pindar


## p. 563 (#599) ############################################

CONTRIBUTORS OF SIGNED ARTICLES
563
Daniel C. Gilman
Alexander Hamilton
E. L. Godkin
Edmund Burke
Rabbi Gottheil
Moses Maimonides
Richard Gottheil
The Arabian Nights, Arabic Literature, Jehudah Hallevi
Francis Llewellyn Griffith and Kate Bradbury Griffith
Egyptian Literature
Charles Gross -
François Guizot
Louise Imogen Guiney
John Keats
F. B. Gummere
The Ballad, Folk-Song
Isabel F. Hapgood
Feodor Mikhailovitch Dostoevsky, Nikolai Vasilievitch
Gogol, Alexander Sergyéevitch Pushkin
George McLean Harper
Jean Froissart, The Holy Grail, Jean de La Fontaine
William T. Harris
George William Frederick Hegel
Caskie Harrison
Martial
Samuel Hart
St. Augustine
Chester D. Hartranft
Martin Luther
Julian Hawthorne
George Borrow, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, James Fenimore
Cooper
Thomas Wentworth Higginson
Epictetus, Joseph Joubert, Jeremy Taylor
George Birkbeck Hill
Samuel Johnson
Katharine Hillard
André Chénier, Giacomo Leopardi, Pierre Ronsard
Burke A. Hinsdale
Johann Amos Comenius
Edward S. Holden
Antar, Dominique François Arago, Baber, Copernicus
Edward W. Hopkins
Indian Literature
William Dean Howells
Lyof Tolstoy
William Henry Hudson
Bret Harte
Laurence Hutton
Charles Dickens
Richard Holt Hutton
John Henry Newman
A. V. Williams Jackson
The Avesta, Firdausi, Hāfiz, Jāmi, Jayadeva, Kālidāsa,
Nizāmi, Jalāl-ad-din Rūmi, Sa'di
Henry James
Nathaniel Hawthorne, James Russell Lowell, Ivan Tur-
geneff
John Franklin Jameson
John Lothrop Motley
Charles Frederick Johnson
James Boswell, Charles Farrar Browne (Artemus Ward),
Daniel Defoe, James Anthony Froude, Henry Wads-
worth Longfellow
Richard Jones
The Arthurian Legends, Kuno Fischer
Francis W. Kelsey
Ovid
-


## p. 564 (#600) ############################################

564
CONTRIBUTORS OF SIGNED ARTICLES
Grace King
Charles Baudelaire, Paul Desjardins, Hugues Félicité
Robert de Lamennais, Édouard Rod, Alfred de
Vigny, Melchior de Vogüé, Prosper Mérimée, Jules
Michelet
George Alexander Kohut
Emerich Madách
L. Oscar Kuhns .
Vittorio Alfieri, Ludovico Ariosto, Bestiaries and Lapida-
ries
John La Farge
Tahitian Literature
Andrew Lang
Alexandre Dumas, Sen. , Sir Walter Scott
Henry R. Lang
Luiz Vaz de Camoens
E. Ray Lankester
Charles Robert Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley
Charles R. Lanman
Fables of Pilpay
George Parsons Lathrop
William Cullen Bryant, Thomas Gray
William Cranston Lawton
Cicero, Ennius, Euripides, Carlo Goldoni, Walter Savage
Landor, Livy, Theodor Mommsen, Philemon, Me-
nander and the Lost Attic Comedy, Statius, Virgil,
Xenophon
W. E. H. Lecky
Edward Gibbon
Charlton T. Lewis
Francis Bacon
Thomas Bond Lindsay
Juvenal, Terence
Gonzalez Lodge
Titus Maccius Plautus
Frédéric Loliée
Jean François Casimir Delavigne, Erckmann-Chatrian,
Augustin Thierry, Louis Veuillot
Thomas R. Lounsbury
Geoffrey Chaucer, Abraham Cowley, John Dryden, Alex-
ander Pope
Hamilton Wright Mabie - Joseph Addison, Abraham Lincoln
Clay MacCauley
Japanese Literature
Arthur Cushman McGiffert
John Calvin
J. W. Mackail -
Catullus, Theocritus
John Bach McMaster
Edward Augustus Freeman, Thomas Babington Macaulay
J. P. Mahaffy
Sophocles
John Malone
St. John Chrysostom, Thomas à Kempis, The Mexican
Nun, Francis Sylvester O'Mahony, Shakespeare (as
the Dramatist)
Max Margolis
The Talmud
Brander Matthews
Beaumarchais, Molière, Richard Brinsley Sheridan
D. MacG. Means
- Sir Henry Maine


## p. 565 (#601) ############################################

CONTRIBUTORS OF SIGNED ARTICLES
565
George S. Merriam
Harriet Beecher Stowe
M. A. Mikkelsen
David Hume
Walter Miller -
Simonides of Ceos
Edwin Knox Mitchell
- Flavius Josephus
Forrest Morgan
Walter Bagehot
Edwin W. Morse
Washington Irving
John Muir
Linnæus
Theodore T. Munger
Horace Bushnell
Frederic W. H. Myers
Edgar Allan Poe, William Wordsworth
E. S. Nadal
John Milton, William Stubbs
Charles P. Neill
Niccolò Machiavelli
Charles Eliot Norton
Arthur Hugh Clough, Dante
Edwin A. Pace
Thomas Aquinas
George Herbert Palmer
Empedocles
Edwin P. Parker
John Bunyan
William Morton Payne
Björnstjerne Björnson, Georg Brandes, Johannes Ewald,
Ludwig Holberg, William Morris, Adam Gottlob
Oehlenschläger, Frederik Paludan-Müller, Christina
Georgina Rossetti, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Johan
Ludvig Runeberg, Arthur Schopenhauer, Algernon
Charles Swinburne, Esaias Tegnér
Harry Thurston Peck
- Æsop, Alciphron
B. Perrin
Pausanias, Polybius
Arthur George Peskett
Samuel Pepys
William Potts
John and Charles Wesley
Harriet Waters Preston
Horace, Jacques Jasmin, Frédéric Mistral, Margaret Oli-
phant Wilson Oliphant, Petronius Arbiter, Provençal
Literature, Quintilian, Roman Poets of the Later
Empire
William C. Prime
Bernard of Cluny
John R. Procter
Henry Clay
M. M. Ramsey
Latin-American Literature
Emil Reich
Maurice Jókai
James Ford Rhodes
Carl Schurz
Ernest Rhys
Thomas Campion, Celtic Literature (with William
Sharp), Leigh Hunt, The Mabinogion, Sir Thomas
Malory, Masques, Myths and Folk-Lore of the
Aryan Peoples (with William Sharp), Ossian and
Ossianic Poetry (with William Sharp)
Charles G. D. Roberts
Bliss Carman, Francis Parkman
Édouard Rod
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Josiah Royce
Immanuel Kant, Benedict Spinoza
Firmin Roz
Guy de Maupassant, Sully-Prudhomme
Lucia Gilbert Runkle
Abigail Adams, Thomas Hood
-


## p. 566 (#602) ############################################

566
CONTRIBUTORS OF SIGNED ARTICLES
Robert Sanderson
François Coppée, Prosper Jolyot Crébillon, Théophile Gau-
tier
George Santayana
Cervantes
Francisque Sarcey
Alexandre Dumas, Jun.
Austin Scott
George Bancroft
Carl Schurz
Daniel Webster
Mary J. Serrano
José de Espronceda
Frank Sewall
Giosue Carducci, Emanuel Swedenborg, Joseph Mazzini
Thomas D. Seymour
Homer
Thomas J. Shahan
Fénelon
Robert Sharp
Anglo-Saxon Literature, Demosthenes
William Sharp
Celtic Literature (with Ernest Rhys), Icelandic Litera-
ture, Henri Conscience, The Kalevala, Maarten
Maartens, Maurice Maeterlinck, Myths and Folk-
Lore of the Aryan Peoples (with Ernest Rhys),
Ossian and Ossianic Poetry (with Ernest Rhys),
Hersart de la Villemarqué: The Heroic and Legend-
ary Literature of Brittany
Anna McClure Sholl
Thomas Hardy, Philip Massinger, George Meredith, Lady
Mary Wortley Montagu, Sir Thomas More, Walter
Pater, Jonathan Swift
Paul Shorey
Aristophanes, Lucretius, Plato
Esther Singleton
Austin Dobson
George W. Smalley
Wendell Phillips
Charles Sprague Smith
The Cid
Emily James Smith
Lucian of Samosata
Henry Preserved Smith
The Koran
Munroe Smith
Bismarck
Nora Archibald Smith
Friedrich Froebel
Albert H. Smyth
Bayard Taylor
Egbert C. Smyth
Jonathan Edwards
Herbert Weir Smyth
Socrates, Thucydides
Leslie Stephen
Thomas Carlyle, Henry Fielding
E. Irenæus Stevenson
Ludwig von Beethoven
Albert Stickney
Rufus Choate
W. J. Stillman
Giovanni Boccaccio
Henry A. Stimson
Frederick Max Müller
Elizabeth Stoddard
Frederick Locker-Lampson
Richard Henry Stoddard
Robert Burns
Francis N. Thorpe
Mirabeau, Montesquieu, William Hickling Prescott
Crawford H. Toy
Accadian-Babylonian and Assyrian Literature, The Old
Testament and the Jewish Apocrypha


## p. 567 (#603) ############################################

CONTRIBUTORS OF SIGNED ARTICLES
567
William P. Trent
Honoré de Balzac, John Caldwell Calhoun
Spencer Trotter
Buffon, Cuvier, Alexander Wilson
Robert Vallier
Émile Zola
Henry Van Dyke
Alfred Tennyson, Isaak Walton
John Van Dyke
John Ruskin
Charles Waldstein
George Eliot
Thomas Walsh
Thomas Moore
Charles Dudley Warner
Lord Byron
Frederick Morris Warren
Aucassin and Nicolette, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine
Benjamin W. Wells
Hans Christian Andersen, The Grimm Brothers, Charles
Augustin Sainte-Beuve
Barrett Wendell
Ben Jonson
J. H. Wescott
Julius Cæsar
Benjamin Ide Wheeler
Herodotus
George Meason Whicher
Sextus Propertius, Albius Tibullus
Andrew D. White
Erasmus
John Williams White
Æschylus
Talcott Williams
The Greek Anthology
Owen Wister
Thomas Wharton
Prince Serge Wolkonsky
Russian Lyric Poetry
George Edward Woodberry
Matthew Arnold, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe
Shelley


## p. (#604) ################################################

書
​

## p. (#605) ################################################

GENERAL INDEX
569


## p. (#606) ################################################



## p. 1 (#607) ##############################################

I
GENERAL INDEX
A
VOL. PAGE
Ælianus Claudius
1 172
Æneid, Virgil
26 15420, 15430–15438
Æschines,
1 178
Æschylus, J. W. White.
1 183
Æsop, Harry Thurston Peck.
1 200
Afloat and Ashore (Poem), Dobell.
8 4737
VOL. PAGE
A LITTLE WHILE (Hymn), Bonar. . 28 16379
À Outrance (Poem), Rogers.
. 28 16660
A Place in thy Memory, Dearest (Poem),
Griffin. .
. 12 6713
A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal (Poem),
Wordsworth. . .
27 16206
A Thousand Years in Thy Sight are but
as One Day (Poem), Fields. .
28 16633
Abbé's Dream, The (Poem), Dole. . 28 16899
'Abd, Ibn al. .
2 679
Abélard, Pierre, Thomas Davidson
1 17
and Héloise, Letters of. .
1 27
Abide with Me (Hymn), Lyte . .
28 16848
Abou Ben Adhem (Poem), Hunt. . 13 7796
About, Edmond. .
1 34
Absalom and Achitophel (Poem), Dryden
9 4923-4949
Absence (Poem).