1144), and brother of Helle, large size of the wings of the figure of Love, and
and a grandson of Aeolus (Apollon.
and a grandson of Aeolus (Apollon.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
p.
88.
ed.
1815, 8vo),
so many
Constantine despatched him to take possession of MSS. of the Greek original are extant in the libra-
Athens and Thebes, but he was anticipated by the ries of Rome, Milan, the Escurial, &c. ” (he might
Turks, who seized those cities for themselves. In have added of Munich, which is the best), “it is a
1438 he married ; his daughter Damar, whose matter of shame and reproach that we should be
name will appear hereafter, was born in 1441; reduced to the Latin version or abstract of J.
and in 1444 his wife was delivered of a son, whose Pontanus, so deficient in accuracy and elegance. "
ignoble and lamentable fate made afterwards such While Gibbon thus complained, professor Alter of
a deep impression upon the mind of the unhappy Vienna was preparing his edition of the Greek
father. In the following years we find him en- text, which he published at Vienna, 1796, fol.
trusted with important negotiations at the sultan's This is the standard edition. Immanuel Bekker
court, and he also held the governorship of Selym- published another in 1838, 8vo, which is a revised
bria, and afterwards Sparta. In 1446 he went as reprint of Alter's text, with a good Latin version
ambassador to the court of Trebizond, and after the by Edward Brockhof, and revised by the editor;
accession of Constantine to the imperial throne, in this edition belongs to the Bonn Collection of the
1448, he was appointed Protovestiarius. At the Byzantines. Hammer has written an excellent
capture of Constantinople, in 1453, Phranza commentary to Phranza, which is dispersed in his
escaped death, but became a slave, with his wife numerous notes to the first and second volumes of
and children, to the first equerry of the sultan. his Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches. Phranza
However, he found means of escaping with his wife, wrote also Expositio Symboli, a religious treatise
and fled to Sparta, leaving his daughter and son in printed in Alter's edition of the Chronicon. "
the hands of the Turks. Damar died a few years (Alter's Prooemium to the Chronicon; Fabric.
afterwards, a slave in the sultan's barem, and his Biblioth. Graec. vol. viii. p. 74, vol. xii. p. 132,
son was kept in the same place for still more Hankius, Script. Byzant. )
[W. P. )
abominable purposes. He preferred death to shame, PHRAORTES (paoptos) was, according to
and the enraged sultan pierced his heart with a Herodotus, the second king of Media, and the son
dagger. From Sparta Phranza fled to Corfu, of Deioces, whom he succeeded.
He reigned
and thence went as ambassador of the despot twenty-two years (B. C. 656—634). He first con-
Thomas, prince of Achaia, to Francesco Foscari, quered the Persians, and then subdued the greater
doge of Venice, by whom he was treated with part of Asia, but was at length defeated and killed
great distinction. After his return to Corfu he while laying siege to Ninus (Nineveh), the capital
entered the convent of St. Elias, and his wife also of the Assyrian empire. He was succeeded by
took the veil, both broken-hearted and resolved to his son Cyaxares. (Herod. i. 73, 102. ) This
devote the rest of their days to a holy life. In the Phraortes is said to be the same as the Truteno of
monastery of Tarchaniotes, whither he subse the Zendavesta, and to be called Feridun in the
quently retired, Phranza wrote his Chronicon, for Shab-Nameh. (Hammer in Wien. Jahrb. vol. ix.
which bis name is justly celebrated in the annals p. 13, &c. )
of Byzantine literature ; and since that work PHRASAORTES (paoabpmns), son of Rheo-
finishes with the year 1477, we must conclude mithres, a Persian, who was appointed by Alex,
that he died in that year or shortly afterwards. ander the Great satrap of the province of Persia
This Chronicon extends from 1259 till 1477, Proper, B. c. 331. He died during the expedition
and is the most valuable authority for the of the king to India. (Arr. Anab. iii. 18, vi,
history of the author's time, especially for the 29. )
(E. H. B. ]
capture of Constantinople. Phranza has many PHRA'SIUS ( pários), a Cyprian soothsayer,
of the defects of his time ; his style is bom- who advised Busiris to sacrifice the strangers that
bastic, and he indulges in digressions respecting came to his dominions for the purpose of averting
matters not connected with the main subject of a scarcity; but Phrasius himself fell a victim to
his work ; but the importance of the events which his own advice. (Apollod. ii. 5. § 11; Arcadius,
he describes makes us forget the former, and one xl. 32. )
(L. S. )
cannot blame him for his digressions, because, PHRATAGU'NE (patayoúvn), a wife of
though treating on strange matter, they are still Dareius I. , king of Persia, whose two children by
interesting. In all conteniporary events, he is a this monarch fell at the battle of Thermopylae.
trustworthy, well-informed, and impartial author- (Herod. vii, 224. ) [A BROCOMES. )
ity ; and as the greater portion of his work treats PHRATAPHERNES (Φραταφέρνης). 1. A
on the history of his own time, the importance of Persian who held the government of Parthia and
his work becomes evident. The Chronicon is Hyrcania, under Dareius Codomannus, and joined
divided into four books. The first gives a short that monarch with the contingents from the pro-
account of the first six emperors of the name of vinces subject to his rule, shortly before the battle
Palaeologus ; the second contains the reign of of Arbela, B. c. 331. He afterwards accompanied
John Palaeologus, the son of Manuel ; the third the king on his flight into Hyrcania, but, after the
the capture of Constantinople, and the death of the death of Dareius, surrendered voluntarily to Alex-
last Cons:antine ; and the fourth gives an account ander, by whom he was kindly received, and
of the divisions of the imperial family, and the appears to have been shortly after reinstated in his
final downfal of Greek power in Europe and satrapy. At least he is termed by Arrian satrap
A A 3
## p. 358 (#374) ############################################
358
PHRONTIS.
PHRYLUS.
PERTS
PERTSO ARO, CO
Senz, un
m* dizne a Bor
ered
* here Be
ਦਾ ਬt e Es ter
Pau
- ad Lencer.
Cases
e sexcams
ve acte de pro
Tecus Asas
e 'er mܫܘ 1 ܕ -;
Pope, ,
Categies. Par
ਕ, ਵਾਰਡ
preme 2 ste is see
Send the base of an
bebe ebe,
pe con
ܚ ܀ 0ܨܶܝܰܫܬ a
of Parthia, during the advance of Alexander against 2. A son of Onetor, was the helmsman of Me
Bessus, when he was detached by the king, toge- nelaus. (Hom. Od. ix. 282; Paul. x. 25. & 2. )
ther with Erigyius and Caranus to crush the revolt 3. The wife of Panthous, of whom Homer
of Satibarzanes, in Asia. He rejoined the king at speaks. (N. xvii. 40. )
(L. S. )
Zariaspa, the following year. The next winter PHRONTON ( pórtwv), the author of two
(B. C. 328–327), during the stay of Alexander at epigrams in the Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anal.
Nautaca, we find Phrataphernes again despatched vol. ii. p. 346 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iii. p. 56,
to reduce the disobedient satrap of the Mardi and xiii. p. 938). Jacobs supposes him to be the rhe-
Tapuri, Autophradates, a service which he success- torician of Emisa, mentioned by Suidas (S. o. ), who
fully performed, and brought the rebel a captive to lived in Rome in the reign of Severus, and died at
the king, by whom he was subsequently put to Athens at the age of sixty, and who was the uncle
death. He rejoined Alexander in India, shortly of the celebrated critic Longinus. He is constantly
after the defeat of Porus ; but seems to have again confounded with the distinguished Roman orator,
returned to his satrapy, from whence we find him M. Cornelius Fronto, the tutor of M. Antoninus.
sending his son Pharasmanes with a large train of (See Ruhnken, Dissert. Philol. de Longino, $ iii. p.
camels and beasts of burthen, laden with provisions 6, Opusc. p. 491. )
(P. S. )
for the supply of the army during the toilsome PHRY'GIA (pula), a daughter of Cecrops,
march through Gedrosia (Arr. Anab. iii. 8, 23, 28, from whom the country of Phrygia was believed
iv. 7, 18, v. 20, vi. 27 ; Curt. vi. 4. § 23, vii. 3. to bave derived its name (Plin. H. N. r. 32).
§ 17, ix. 10. § 17). From this time we hear no Phrygia is also used for Cybele, as the goddess
more of him until after the death of Alexander. who was worshipped above all others in Phrygia
In the first division of the provinces consequent on (Virg. Aen. vii. 139; Strab. x. . 469), and as a
that event, he retained his government (Diod. xviii. surname of Athena (Minerva) on account of
3); but it is probable that he died previously to the Palladium which was brought from Phrygia.
the second partition at Triparadeisus (B. C. 321), (Ov. Met. xiii. 337 ; compare Apollod. iii. 12.
as on that occasion we find the satrapy of Parthia $ 3. )
(L. S. )
bestowed on Philip, who had been previously go- PHRYGILLUS, an artist, who appears to
vernor of Sogdiana. (Droysen, Hellenism. vol. i. have been one of the most ancient, as well as one
pp. 49, 151. )
of the most celebrated medallists and engravers of
2. The king of the Chorasmians who is called precious stones. There is a very beautiful in taglio
Pharasmanes by Arrian [PHARASMANES, No. 1], by him, representing Love seated and supporting
bears in Curtius (viii. 1. § 8) the name of Phrata- himself on the ground, in the attitude of those
phernes.
(E. H. B. ] figures of boys playing the game of astragals, which
PHRIXUS (opítos), a son of Athamas and so often occurs in the works of ancient art. The
Nephele or of Athamas and Themisto (Schol. ad form of the letters of the name “PVCIMox, the
Apollon. Rhod. ii.
1144), and brother of Helle, large size of the wings of the figure of Love, and
and a grandson of Aeolus (Apollon. Rhod. ii. the whole style of the gem, concur to show that
1141). In consequence of the intrigues of his the artist belonged to the earlier Greek school.
stepmother, Ino (others state that he offered him. There is also engraved upon this gem a bivalve shell,
sell), he was to be sacrificed to Zeus; but Nephele which also occurs on the coins of Syracuse ; whence
removed him and Helle, and the two then rode it may be inferred that the artist was a Syracusan.
away on the ram with the golden fleece, the gift of This conjecture becomes a certainty through the
Hermes, through the air. According to Hyginus fact, recently published by Raoul-Rochette, that
(Fab. 3), Phrixus and Helle were thrown by there exist medals of Syracuse, on which the name
Dionysus into a state of madness, and while wan- of Phrygillus is inscribed. One medal of this type
dering about in a forest, they were removed by is in the possession of R. Rochette himself, who
Nephele. Between Sigeum and the Chersonesus, has given an engraving of it on the title-page of
Helle fell into the sea which was afterwards called his Lettre à M. Schorn, by the side of an engraving
after her the Hellespont; but Phrixus arrived in of the gem already mentioned. Another medal of
Colchis, in the kingdom of Aeetes, who gave him this type is in the collection of the Duc de Luynes.
his daughter Chalciope in marriage (comp. Schol. The same collection contains another very beautiful
ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1123, 1149). Phrixus sacri- Syracusan medal, in bronze, bearing the inscription
ficed the ram which had carried him, to Zeus “Pr, which no one can now hesitate to recognise as
Phyxius or Laphy stius (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. the initial letters of the name Phrygillus. Raoul-
ii. 653; Paus. i. 24. § 2), and gave its skin to Rochette accounts these three medals to be among
Aeetes, who fastened it to an oak tree in the the most precious remains of ancient numismatic
art.
By Chalciope Phrixus became the father of The identification, in this instance, of a distin-
Argus, Melas, Phrontis, Cytisorus, and Presbon guished medallist and gem-engraver, goes far to
(Apollod. i. 9. § 1; Hygin. Fab. 14; Paus. settle the question, which has been long discussed,
ix. 34. & 5; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1123; whether those professions were pursued by the
Tzetz. ad Lyc. 22 ; Diod. iv, 47). Phrixus same or by different classes of artists among the
died in old age in the kingdom of Aeetes, or, Greeks. (R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 79
according to others, he was killed by Aeetes in -33, 148, 2d edition. )
(P. S. ]
consequence of an oracle (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1151; PHRYLUS, a painter, whom Pliny places at
Hygin. Fab. 3), or he returned to Orchomenus, in Ol. 90, B. c. 420, with Aglaophon, Cephissodorus,
the country of the Minyans. (Paus. ix. 34. & 5; and Evenor, the father of Parrhasius ; of all of
comp. ATHAMAS; JASON. )
[L. S. ) whom he says, that they were distinguished, but
PHRONTIS (opóvtis). 1. A son of Phrixus not deserving of any lengthened discussion (omnes
and Chalciope. (Apollod. i. 9. § 1; Apollon. Rhod. jam illustres, non tamen in quibus haerere erpositio
ü. 1157 ; Hygin. Fab. 14. )
debeat, H. N. xxxv. 9. s. 36).
[P. S. )
Plazma, mer
ham bere vertas
Prevare, a des
besoieti
dengan En. i Si; Pa
NA: Pre 15; Ja
02. 12. 39. dej
DET VIES X
ener, at man 32
Lactose
: ܕ ܦܶܬܗ ܫ
Asa Y. . . The
e vee non
జ, ra arred in
Υγει το
Report
AV UTOLS Were
grove of Ares.
aan Pertama
## p. 359 (#375) ############################################
PHRYNICHUS.
359
PHRYNICHUS.
PHRYNE (opów), one of the most celebrated | tion to Tissaphernes and Alcibiades, and the latter
Athenian hetairac, was the daughter of Epicles, and complained to his friends in the Athenian arma-
a native of Thespiae in Boeotia. She was of very ment of the treason of Phrynichus, and demanded
humble origin, and originally gained her livelihood that he should be put to death. Thirlwall (vol. iv.
by gathering capers ; but her beauty procured for her p. 34) is at a loss to decide whether the conduct of
afterwards so much wealth that she is said to have Phrynichus upon this occasion was the result of a
offered to rebuild the walls of Thebes, after they blind want of caution, or a bold and subtle artifice.
had been destroyed by Alexander, if she might be He wrote again to Astyochus, offering to betray
allowed to put up this inscription on the walls :- the Athenian armament into his hands, and before
“ Alexander destroyed them, but Phryne, the he- the letter of Alcibiades, to whom Astyochus again
taira, rebuilt them. ” She had among her admirers showed the letter of Phrynichus, who sent a
many of the most celebrated men of the age of fresh charge against Phrynichus, could reach the
Philip and Alexander, and the beauty of her form Athenians, Phrynichus warned the Athenians that
gave rise to some of the greatest works of art. The the enemy were preparing to surprise their encamp-
orator Hyperides was one of her lovers, and he de- ment. By these means he made it appear that
fended her when she was accused by Euthias on the charges of Alcibiades were groundless, and
one occasion of some capital charge ; but when the preferred against him out of personal enmity.
eloquence of her advocate failed to move the judges, Soon afterwards Peisander, wishing to get Phry-
he bade her uncover her breast, and thus ensured nichus out of the way, procured his recal. In the
her acquittal. The most celebrated picture of subsequent progress of the oligarchical intrigues,
A pelles, his “Venus Anadyomene” [APELLES, when the oligarchical faction found that the hopes
p. 222, b. ), is said to have been a representation of held out to them by Alcibiades were groundless,
Phryne, who, at a public festival at Eleusis, entered and that they could get on better without him
the sea with dishevelled hair. The celebrated than with him, Phrynichus again joined them, and,
Cnidian Venus of Praxiteles, who was one of her in conjunction with Antiphon, Peisander, and
lovers, was taken from her [PRAXITELES), and he Theramenes, took a prominent part in the revolu-
expressed his love for her in an epigram which he tion which issued in the establishment of the oli-
inscribed on the base of a statue of Cupid, which garchy of the Four Hundred. When, on the
he gave to her, and which she dedicated at Thes- junction effected between Alcibiades and the
piae. Such admiration did she excite, that her Athenians at Samos, Theramenes and others
neighbours dedicated at Delphi a statue of her, counselled the oligarchs to make the best terms
made of gold, and resting on a base of Pentelican they could with their antagonists, Phrynichus was
marble. According to Apollodorus (ap. Athen. xiii. one of the foremost in opposing every thing of the
p. 591, e. ) there were two hetairae of the name of kind, and with Antiphon and ten others was
Phryne, one of whom was surnamed Clausilegos sent to Sparta to negotiate a peace. On his return
and the other Saperdium; and according to Hero- he was assassinated in the agora by a young
dicus (Ibid. ) there were also two, one the Thespian, Athenian, who was assisted by an Argive. The
and the other surnamed Sestus. The Thespian former escaped, but the latter was seized and put
Phryne, however, is the only one of whom we have to the torture. It appeared that the assassination
any account. (Athen. xiii. pp. 590, 591, 558, c. was the result of a conspiracy among those op-
567, e, 583, b. č. 585, e. f. ; Aelian, V. 11. ix. 32; posed to the oligarchs, and the latter found it the
Alciphron, Ep. i. 31 ; Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. most prudent plan not to pursue the investigation
§ 10; Propert. ii. 5 ; Jacobs, Atl. Mus. vol. iii. (Thuc. viii. 48, 50, &c. , 54, 68, 90, 92). Ly-
Pp. 18, &c. 36, &c. )
curgus (adv. Leocr. p. 217, ed. Reiske) gives a
PHRY'NICHUS (púviyos), an Athenian different account of his assassination. [C. P. M. ]
general, the son of Stratonides (Schol. ad Aristoph. PHRY'NICHUS (púvixus), literary. 1. The
Lys. 313). In B. C. 412 he was sent out with two son of Polyphradmon (or, according to others, of Mi-
others in command of a fleet of 40 ships to the nyras), an Athenian, was one of the poets to whom
coast of Asia Minor. The troops encamped in the the invention of tragedy is ascribed: he is said to
territory of Miletus. A battle ensued in which have been the disciple of Thespis (Suid. s. v. ). He
the Athenians were victorious. A Peloponnesian is also spoken of as before Aeschylus (Schol. in Aris-
fleet having arrived soon after, the colleagues of toph. Ran. 941). He is mentioned by the chrono-
Phrynichus were for risking an engagement, from graphers as flourishing at Ol. 74, B. C. 483 (Cyrill.
which Phrynichus (wisely, as Thucydides thinks) Julian, i. p. 13, b. ; Euseb. Chron. 3. Q. 1534;
dissuaded them (Thuc.
so many
Constantine despatched him to take possession of MSS. of the Greek original are extant in the libra-
Athens and Thebes, but he was anticipated by the ries of Rome, Milan, the Escurial, &c. ” (he might
Turks, who seized those cities for themselves. In have added of Munich, which is the best), “it is a
1438 he married ; his daughter Damar, whose matter of shame and reproach that we should be
name will appear hereafter, was born in 1441; reduced to the Latin version or abstract of J.
and in 1444 his wife was delivered of a son, whose Pontanus, so deficient in accuracy and elegance. "
ignoble and lamentable fate made afterwards such While Gibbon thus complained, professor Alter of
a deep impression upon the mind of the unhappy Vienna was preparing his edition of the Greek
father. In the following years we find him en- text, which he published at Vienna, 1796, fol.
trusted with important negotiations at the sultan's This is the standard edition. Immanuel Bekker
court, and he also held the governorship of Selym- published another in 1838, 8vo, which is a revised
bria, and afterwards Sparta. In 1446 he went as reprint of Alter's text, with a good Latin version
ambassador to the court of Trebizond, and after the by Edward Brockhof, and revised by the editor;
accession of Constantine to the imperial throne, in this edition belongs to the Bonn Collection of the
1448, he was appointed Protovestiarius. At the Byzantines. Hammer has written an excellent
capture of Constantinople, in 1453, Phranza commentary to Phranza, which is dispersed in his
escaped death, but became a slave, with his wife numerous notes to the first and second volumes of
and children, to the first equerry of the sultan. his Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches. Phranza
However, he found means of escaping with his wife, wrote also Expositio Symboli, a religious treatise
and fled to Sparta, leaving his daughter and son in printed in Alter's edition of the Chronicon. "
the hands of the Turks. Damar died a few years (Alter's Prooemium to the Chronicon; Fabric.
afterwards, a slave in the sultan's barem, and his Biblioth. Graec. vol. viii. p. 74, vol. xii. p. 132,
son was kept in the same place for still more Hankius, Script. Byzant. )
[W. P. )
abominable purposes. He preferred death to shame, PHRAORTES (paoptos) was, according to
and the enraged sultan pierced his heart with a Herodotus, the second king of Media, and the son
dagger. From Sparta Phranza fled to Corfu, of Deioces, whom he succeeded.
He reigned
and thence went as ambassador of the despot twenty-two years (B. C. 656—634). He first con-
Thomas, prince of Achaia, to Francesco Foscari, quered the Persians, and then subdued the greater
doge of Venice, by whom he was treated with part of Asia, but was at length defeated and killed
great distinction. After his return to Corfu he while laying siege to Ninus (Nineveh), the capital
entered the convent of St. Elias, and his wife also of the Assyrian empire. He was succeeded by
took the veil, both broken-hearted and resolved to his son Cyaxares. (Herod. i. 73, 102. ) This
devote the rest of their days to a holy life. In the Phraortes is said to be the same as the Truteno of
monastery of Tarchaniotes, whither he subse the Zendavesta, and to be called Feridun in the
quently retired, Phranza wrote his Chronicon, for Shab-Nameh. (Hammer in Wien. Jahrb. vol. ix.
which bis name is justly celebrated in the annals p. 13, &c. )
of Byzantine literature ; and since that work PHRASAORTES (paoabpmns), son of Rheo-
finishes with the year 1477, we must conclude mithres, a Persian, who was appointed by Alex,
that he died in that year or shortly afterwards. ander the Great satrap of the province of Persia
This Chronicon extends from 1259 till 1477, Proper, B. c. 331. He died during the expedition
and is the most valuable authority for the of the king to India. (Arr. Anab. iii. 18, vi,
history of the author's time, especially for the 29. )
(E. H. B. ]
capture of Constantinople. Phranza has many PHRA'SIUS ( pários), a Cyprian soothsayer,
of the defects of his time ; his style is bom- who advised Busiris to sacrifice the strangers that
bastic, and he indulges in digressions respecting came to his dominions for the purpose of averting
matters not connected with the main subject of a scarcity; but Phrasius himself fell a victim to
his work ; but the importance of the events which his own advice. (Apollod. ii. 5. § 11; Arcadius,
he describes makes us forget the former, and one xl. 32. )
(L. S. )
cannot blame him for his digressions, because, PHRATAGU'NE (patayoúvn), a wife of
though treating on strange matter, they are still Dareius I. , king of Persia, whose two children by
interesting. In all conteniporary events, he is a this monarch fell at the battle of Thermopylae.
trustworthy, well-informed, and impartial author- (Herod. vii, 224. ) [A BROCOMES. )
ity ; and as the greater portion of his work treats PHRATAPHERNES (Φραταφέρνης). 1. A
on the history of his own time, the importance of Persian who held the government of Parthia and
his work becomes evident. The Chronicon is Hyrcania, under Dareius Codomannus, and joined
divided into four books. The first gives a short that monarch with the contingents from the pro-
account of the first six emperors of the name of vinces subject to his rule, shortly before the battle
Palaeologus ; the second contains the reign of of Arbela, B. c. 331. He afterwards accompanied
John Palaeologus, the son of Manuel ; the third the king on his flight into Hyrcania, but, after the
the capture of Constantinople, and the death of the death of Dareius, surrendered voluntarily to Alex-
last Cons:antine ; and the fourth gives an account ander, by whom he was kindly received, and
of the divisions of the imperial family, and the appears to have been shortly after reinstated in his
final downfal of Greek power in Europe and satrapy. At least he is termed by Arrian satrap
A A 3
## p. 358 (#374) ############################################
358
PHRONTIS.
PHRYLUS.
PERTS
PERTSO ARO, CO
Senz, un
m* dizne a Bor
ered
* here Be
ਦਾ ਬt e Es ter
Pau
- ad Lencer.
Cases
e sexcams
ve acte de pro
Tecus Asas
e 'er mܫܘ 1 ܕ -;
Pope, ,
Categies. Par
ਕ, ਵਾਰਡ
preme 2 ste is see
Send the base of an
bebe ebe,
pe con
ܚ ܀ 0ܨܶܝܰܫܬ a
of Parthia, during the advance of Alexander against 2. A son of Onetor, was the helmsman of Me
Bessus, when he was detached by the king, toge- nelaus. (Hom. Od. ix. 282; Paul. x. 25. & 2. )
ther with Erigyius and Caranus to crush the revolt 3. The wife of Panthous, of whom Homer
of Satibarzanes, in Asia. He rejoined the king at speaks. (N. xvii. 40. )
(L. S. )
Zariaspa, the following year. The next winter PHRONTON ( pórtwv), the author of two
(B. C. 328–327), during the stay of Alexander at epigrams in the Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anal.
Nautaca, we find Phrataphernes again despatched vol. ii. p. 346 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iii. p. 56,
to reduce the disobedient satrap of the Mardi and xiii. p. 938). Jacobs supposes him to be the rhe-
Tapuri, Autophradates, a service which he success- torician of Emisa, mentioned by Suidas (S. o. ), who
fully performed, and brought the rebel a captive to lived in Rome in the reign of Severus, and died at
the king, by whom he was subsequently put to Athens at the age of sixty, and who was the uncle
death. He rejoined Alexander in India, shortly of the celebrated critic Longinus. He is constantly
after the defeat of Porus ; but seems to have again confounded with the distinguished Roman orator,
returned to his satrapy, from whence we find him M. Cornelius Fronto, the tutor of M. Antoninus.
sending his son Pharasmanes with a large train of (See Ruhnken, Dissert. Philol. de Longino, $ iii. p.
camels and beasts of burthen, laden with provisions 6, Opusc. p. 491. )
(P. S. )
for the supply of the army during the toilsome PHRY'GIA (pula), a daughter of Cecrops,
march through Gedrosia (Arr. Anab. iii. 8, 23, 28, from whom the country of Phrygia was believed
iv. 7, 18, v. 20, vi. 27 ; Curt. vi. 4. § 23, vii. 3. to bave derived its name (Plin. H. N. r. 32).
§ 17, ix. 10. § 17). From this time we hear no Phrygia is also used for Cybele, as the goddess
more of him until after the death of Alexander. who was worshipped above all others in Phrygia
In the first division of the provinces consequent on (Virg. Aen. vii. 139; Strab. x. . 469), and as a
that event, he retained his government (Diod. xviii. surname of Athena (Minerva) on account of
3); but it is probable that he died previously to the Palladium which was brought from Phrygia.
the second partition at Triparadeisus (B. C. 321), (Ov. Met. xiii. 337 ; compare Apollod. iii. 12.
as on that occasion we find the satrapy of Parthia $ 3. )
(L. S. )
bestowed on Philip, who had been previously go- PHRYGILLUS, an artist, who appears to
vernor of Sogdiana. (Droysen, Hellenism. vol. i. have been one of the most ancient, as well as one
pp. 49, 151. )
of the most celebrated medallists and engravers of
2. The king of the Chorasmians who is called precious stones. There is a very beautiful in taglio
Pharasmanes by Arrian [PHARASMANES, No. 1], by him, representing Love seated and supporting
bears in Curtius (viii. 1. § 8) the name of Phrata- himself on the ground, in the attitude of those
phernes.
(E. H. B. ] figures of boys playing the game of astragals, which
PHRIXUS (opítos), a son of Athamas and so often occurs in the works of ancient art. The
Nephele or of Athamas and Themisto (Schol. ad form of the letters of the name “PVCIMox, the
Apollon. Rhod. ii.
1144), and brother of Helle, large size of the wings of the figure of Love, and
and a grandson of Aeolus (Apollon. Rhod. ii. the whole style of the gem, concur to show that
1141). In consequence of the intrigues of his the artist belonged to the earlier Greek school.
stepmother, Ino (others state that he offered him. There is also engraved upon this gem a bivalve shell,
sell), he was to be sacrificed to Zeus; but Nephele which also occurs on the coins of Syracuse ; whence
removed him and Helle, and the two then rode it may be inferred that the artist was a Syracusan.
away on the ram with the golden fleece, the gift of This conjecture becomes a certainty through the
Hermes, through the air. According to Hyginus fact, recently published by Raoul-Rochette, that
(Fab. 3), Phrixus and Helle were thrown by there exist medals of Syracuse, on which the name
Dionysus into a state of madness, and while wan- of Phrygillus is inscribed. One medal of this type
dering about in a forest, they were removed by is in the possession of R. Rochette himself, who
Nephele. Between Sigeum and the Chersonesus, has given an engraving of it on the title-page of
Helle fell into the sea which was afterwards called his Lettre à M. Schorn, by the side of an engraving
after her the Hellespont; but Phrixus arrived in of the gem already mentioned. Another medal of
Colchis, in the kingdom of Aeetes, who gave him this type is in the collection of the Duc de Luynes.
his daughter Chalciope in marriage (comp. Schol. The same collection contains another very beautiful
ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1123, 1149). Phrixus sacri- Syracusan medal, in bronze, bearing the inscription
ficed the ram which had carried him, to Zeus “Pr, which no one can now hesitate to recognise as
Phyxius or Laphy stius (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. the initial letters of the name Phrygillus. Raoul-
ii. 653; Paus. i. 24. § 2), and gave its skin to Rochette accounts these three medals to be among
Aeetes, who fastened it to an oak tree in the the most precious remains of ancient numismatic
art.
By Chalciope Phrixus became the father of The identification, in this instance, of a distin-
Argus, Melas, Phrontis, Cytisorus, and Presbon guished medallist and gem-engraver, goes far to
(Apollod. i. 9. § 1; Hygin. Fab. 14; Paus. settle the question, which has been long discussed,
ix. 34. & 5; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1123; whether those professions were pursued by the
Tzetz. ad Lyc. 22 ; Diod. iv, 47). Phrixus same or by different classes of artists among the
died in old age in the kingdom of Aeetes, or, Greeks. (R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 79
according to others, he was killed by Aeetes in -33, 148, 2d edition. )
(P. S. ]
consequence of an oracle (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1151; PHRYLUS, a painter, whom Pliny places at
Hygin. Fab. 3), or he returned to Orchomenus, in Ol. 90, B. c. 420, with Aglaophon, Cephissodorus,
the country of the Minyans. (Paus. ix. 34. & 5; and Evenor, the father of Parrhasius ; of all of
comp. ATHAMAS; JASON. )
[L. S. ) whom he says, that they were distinguished, but
PHRONTIS (opóvtis). 1. A son of Phrixus not deserving of any lengthened discussion (omnes
and Chalciope. (Apollod. i. 9. § 1; Apollon. Rhod. jam illustres, non tamen in quibus haerere erpositio
ü. 1157 ; Hygin. Fab. 14. )
debeat, H. N. xxxv. 9. s. 36).
[P. S. )
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## p. 359 (#375) ############################################
PHRYNICHUS.
359
PHRYNICHUS.
PHRYNE (opów), one of the most celebrated | tion to Tissaphernes and Alcibiades, and the latter
Athenian hetairac, was the daughter of Epicles, and complained to his friends in the Athenian arma-
a native of Thespiae in Boeotia. She was of very ment of the treason of Phrynichus, and demanded
humble origin, and originally gained her livelihood that he should be put to death. Thirlwall (vol. iv.
by gathering capers ; but her beauty procured for her p. 34) is at a loss to decide whether the conduct of
afterwards so much wealth that she is said to have Phrynichus upon this occasion was the result of a
offered to rebuild the walls of Thebes, after they blind want of caution, or a bold and subtle artifice.
had been destroyed by Alexander, if she might be He wrote again to Astyochus, offering to betray
allowed to put up this inscription on the walls :- the Athenian armament into his hands, and before
“ Alexander destroyed them, but Phryne, the he- the letter of Alcibiades, to whom Astyochus again
taira, rebuilt them. ” She had among her admirers showed the letter of Phrynichus, who sent a
many of the most celebrated men of the age of fresh charge against Phrynichus, could reach the
Philip and Alexander, and the beauty of her form Athenians, Phrynichus warned the Athenians that
gave rise to some of the greatest works of art. The the enemy were preparing to surprise their encamp-
orator Hyperides was one of her lovers, and he de- ment. By these means he made it appear that
fended her when she was accused by Euthias on the charges of Alcibiades were groundless, and
one occasion of some capital charge ; but when the preferred against him out of personal enmity.
eloquence of her advocate failed to move the judges, Soon afterwards Peisander, wishing to get Phry-
he bade her uncover her breast, and thus ensured nichus out of the way, procured his recal. In the
her acquittal. The most celebrated picture of subsequent progress of the oligarchical intrigues,
A pelles, his “Venus Anadyomene” [APELLES, when the oligarchical faction found that the hopes
p. 222, b. ), is said to have been a representation of held out to them by Alcibiades were groundless,
Phryne, who, at a public festival at Eleusis, entered and that they could get on better without him
the sea with dishevelled hair. The celebrated than with him, Phrynichus again joined them, and,
Cnidian Venus of Praxiteles, who was one of her in conjunction with Antiphon, Peisander, and
lovers, was taken from her [PRAXITELES), and he Theramenes, took a prominent part in the revolu-
expressed his love for her in an epigram which he tion which issued in the establishment of the oli-
inscribed on the base of a statue of Cupid, which garchy of the Four Hundred. When, on the
he gave to her, and which she dedicated at Thes- junction effected between Alcibiades and the
piae. Such admiration did she excite, that her Athenians at Samos, Theramenes and others
neighbours dedicated at Delphi a statue of her, counselled the oligarchs to make the best terms
made of gold, and resting on a base of Pentelican they could with their antagonists, Phrynichus was
marble. According to Apollodorus (ap. Athen. xiii. one of the foremost in opposing every thing of the
p. 591, e. ) there were two hetairae of the name of kind, and with Antiphon and ten others was
Phryne, one of whom was surnamed Clausilegos sent to Sparta to negotiate a peace. On his return
and the other Saperdium; and according to Hero- he was assassinated in the agora by a young
dicus (Ibid. ) there were also two, one the Thespian, Athenian, who was assisted by an Argive. The
and the other surnamed Sestus. The Thespian former escaped, but the latter was seized and put
Phryne, however, is the only one of whom we have to the torture. It appeared that the assassination
any account. (Athen. xiii. pp. 590, 591, 558, c. was the result of a conspiracy among those op-
567, e, 583, b. č. 585, e. f. ; Aelian, V. 11. ix. 32; posed to the oligarchs, and the latter found it the
Alciphron, Ep. i. 31 ; Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. most prudent plan not to pursue the investigation
§ 10; Propert. ii. 5 ; Jacobs, Atl. Mus. vol. iii. (Thuc. viii. 48, 50, &c. , 54, 68, 90, 92). Ly-
Pp. 18, &c. 36, &c. )
curgus (adv. Leocr. p. 217, ed. Reiske) gives a
PHRY'NICHUS (púviyos), an Athenian different account of his assassination. [C. P. M. ]
general, the son of Stratonides (Schol. ad Aristoph. PHRY'NICHUS (púvixus), literary. 1. The
Lys. 313). In B. C. 412 he was sent out with two son of Polyphradmon (or, according to others, of Mi-
others in command of a fleet of 40 ships to the nyras), an Athenian, was one of the poets to whom
coast of Asia Minor. The troops encamped in the the invention of tragedy is ascribed: he is said to
territory of Miletus. A battle ensued in which have been the disciple of Thespis (Suid. s. v. ). He
the Athenians were victorious. A Peloponnesian is also spoken of as before Aeschylus (Schol. in Aris-
fleet having arrived soon after, the colleagues of toph. Ran. 941). He is mentioned by the chrono-
Phrynichus were for risking an engagement, from graphers as flourishing at Ol. 74, B. C. 483 (Cyrill.
which Phrynichus (wisely, as Thucydides thinks) Julian, i. p. 13, b. ; Euseb. Chron. 3. Q. 1534;
dissuaded them (Thuc.
