Gregory
received
him with the highest form we have adopted.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
Upon the Maximin is described by his secretary, Priscus, to
death of the latter, in 311, he entered into a con- whom we refer for the interesting details of an
vention with Licinius, in terms of which he received event to which we are indebted for nearly all our
the provinces of Asia Minor in addition to his knowledge of Attila's person and private life.
former dominion, the Hellespont and the Bosporus Maximin became afterwards one of the four prin-
forming the common boundary of the two sove-cipal ministers of the emperor Marcian; and in
reignties; but having treacherously taken advantage later years held the supreme command in Egypt,
of the absence of his neighbour, who had repaired whence he made a successful campaign against the
to Milan in 313 for the purpose of receiving in Aethiopians. He is invariably represented as a
marriage the sister of Constantine, he suddenly virtuous, firm, and highly talented man, (Priscus,
invaded Thrace, and surprised Byzantium. Having, p. 39, 40, 48—70 ; Socrat. Hist. Eccles. , vii. 20;
however, been signally defeated in a great battle Priscus. )
[W. P. ]
## p. 986 (#1002) ###########################################
986
MAXIMUS.
MAXIMUS.
ninus l. upon
and Princeps JE
the emperor in
rians, be was
Surstrow, and
Luble bowerer
tribanician pua
was ever forma
with the tite
u VETORIA
Maumus. AC
Recais. Be
by obe troops
at the age of
thantes, twer
We are enable
bis name was
Cao to. r. 25
Tois youth
preas ag beant
di bis dress,
demeanour.
much care,
Leta literat
have had a g
ander bad at
his sister, I
and at a la
Facts a
Capitolinus
291, 297;
MA'XIMUS AEGIENSIS (d Alylets), of is not clear. Taking advantage of the sickness of
Aegae in Cilicia, a writer contemporary with Apol- Gregory, and supported by some Egyptian eccle-
lonius of Tyana (APOLLONIUS TYANAEUS), of siastics, sent by Peter, patriarch of Alexandria,
some of whose transactions he wrote an account, under whose directions they professed to act, Max-
which was part of the materials employed by Phi- imus was ordained, during the night, patriarch of
lostratus [PHILOSTRATUS] in his biography of Constantinople, in the place of Gregory, whose
that philosopher. (Philostr. Apollon. Vit. i. 3; election had not been perfectly canonical. This au-
Euseb. In Hieroclem, c. 2, 3 ; Tzetzes, Chilias. II. dacious proceeding excited the greatest indignation
Hist. 60, vs. 974, Chilias. IX. Hist. 291, vs. 865 ; among the people, with whom Gregory was popular.
Voss. De Hist. Graec. ii. 10. ) [J. C. M. ) Nor did the emperor Theodosius, then at Thessa-
MA'XIMUS ALEXANDRI'NUS, known als lonich, to whom the usurper applied, show them any
as the cynic philosopher (Kuvukos dirboupos), was favour. Maximus therefore withdrew to Alex-
a native of Alexandria, the son of Christian parents andria, from which he was in a short time expelled
of rank, who had suffered on account of their religion; by his patron, Peter. (Gregor. Nazian. Carmen
but whether from Pagan or Arian violence is not e Vita sua, vss. 750—1029. )
clear. Maximus united the faith of an orthodox be- The resignation of Gregory, who was succeeded
liever with the garb and deportment of a cynic philo- in the patriarchate of Constantinople by Nectarius,
sopher, and was held in great respect by the lending did not benefit Maximus. His election was de-
theologians of the orthodox party. Athanasius, in a clared null by the second general (first Constanti-
letter written about A. D. 371 (Epist. ad Nurim. nopolitan) council, and the presbyters whom he
Philosopl. . Opp. vol. i. p. 917, &c. ed. Benedict. ), had ordained were declared not to be presbyters.
pays him several compliments on a work written (Concil. CPolit. can. 3. sec. Dionys. Exiguum ;
in defence of the orthodox faith. Tillemont and Capital. 6. sec. Isidor. Mercat. ; apud Concil, vol.
the Benedictine editor of the works of Gregory i. col. 809, 810, ed. Hardouin. ) He attempted even
Nazianzen (Monitum ad Orat. xxv. ), misled by the after this to assert his claims to the patriarchate ;
virulent invectives of that father, attempt to distin- but though the Italian bishops for a while seemed
guish between our Maximus and the one to whom disposed to support him, he met with no success.
Athanasius wrote, on the ground that Athanasius The invectives of Gregory Nazianzen against
could never have spoken so well of so worthless a Maximus (Carmina, sc. De Vita sua, I. c. ; In
character, They also distinguish him from the Invidos, vs. 16, &c. ; In Marimum) were written
Maximus to whom Basil the Great addressed a after their struggle for the patriarchate, and con-
letter (Ep. 41, editt. vett. 9, ed. Benedict. vol. iii. trast singularly with the praises of his twenty-fifth
p. 90, ejusd. edit. p. 127, ed. Benedict. alterae, Oration, to which some of Gregory's admirers, to
Paris, 1839) in terms of the bighest respect, dis- conceal the inconsistency, prefixed the name of
cussing some doctrinal questions, and soliciting a Heron or Hero, Els 'Hpôva, In Laudem Heronis
visit from him ; but they are not successful in (Hieron. De Viris Illustr. l. c. ), which it still
either case. However, the Maximus Scholasticus, bears. The work of Maximus, De Fide, which is
to whom Basil also wrote (Ep. 42, editt. vett. 277, well spoken of by Jerome, is lost. (Athanas. ,
ed. Benedict. ), was a different person. In A. D. 374, Basil. , Gregor. Nazianz. , Hieronym. U. cc. ; Sozo-
during the reign of the emperor Valens, in the per- men, H. &. vii. 9. cum not. Vales. ; Tillemont,
secution carried on by Lucius, Arian patriarch of Mémoires, vol. ix. p. 443, &c. ; Cave, Hist. Litt.
Alexandria (Lucius, No. 2], Maximus was cruelly ad ann. 380, vol. i. p. 276, ed. Oxford, 1740–42;
scourged, and banished to the Oasis, on account of Fabric. Bibl. Graec, vol. iii. p. 520. ) [J. C. M. ]
his zeal for orthodoxy and the promptitude with MAXIMUS, L. A'PPIUS, a distingrished
which he succoured those who suffered in the same Roman general in the reigns of Domitian and Tra-
cause (Gregor. Nazianz. Orat. XXV. C. 13, 14). jan. In A. D. 91 Maximus quelled the revolt of
He obtained his release in about four years (16. ), Antonius in Germany, and at the same time bad
probably on the death of Valens ; and it was the magnanimity to burn all the letters of the
perhaps soon after his release that he presented to latter, that they might not expose others to the
the emperor Gratian at Mediolanum (Milan), his vengeance of Domitian. In A. d. 101 he fought
work Tepl tîs alotews, De Fide, written against with success under Trajan in the Dacian war against
the Arians (comp. Hieron. De Viris Ilustr. c. 127). Decebalus. In A. D. 115 he was one of Trajan's
Tillemont, however, thinks that the work was pre- generals in the Parthian war ; but here his good
sented to the emperor when Maximus was in Italy, fortune failed him, for he was defeated and perished
A. D. 382, after the council of Constantinople. in this year. We learn from the Fasti that he
He wrote also against other heretics, but whether was consul in A. D. 103. (Dion Cass. lxvii. 11,
in the same work or in another is not clear (Greg. lxviii. 9, 30) There is some doubt about the
Naz. ib. ); and disputed ably against the heathens exact form of his name. Dion Cassius names him
(16. ). Apparently on his return from Milan be simply L. Maximus ; but Domitian, in a letter
visited Constantinople, where Gregory Nazianzen contained among those of Pliny (x. 66), and the
had just been appointed to the patriarchate (A. D. Fasti call him L. Appius Maximus, which is the
379).
Gregory received him with the highest form we have adopted. But Martial (ix. 85), and
honour ; and pronounced an oration in his praise Aurelius Victor (Epit. 11. $ 10), give to the con-
(Orat. xxv. ), compared with which the sober queror of Antonius the name of Appius Norbanus.
commendations of Athanasius and Basil are cold These statements can only be reconciled by sup-
and tame. He received him at his table, and posing that his full name was L. Appius Maximus
treated him with the greatest confidence and Norbanus.
regard. He was, however, grievously disappointed MAXIMUS BYZANTIUS. [MAXIMUS
in bim. Whether the events which followed were EPIROTA. ]
the results solely of the ambition of Maximus, MA'XIMUS CAESAR, whose full name was
or whether Maximus was himself the tool of others, C. JULIUS VERUS MAXIMUS, was the son of Max.
TRU,
C.
MAXIS
frien Italy
spiracy in a
an epigram
4. Ovidius
kean that
be was one
doubt the
MAXI.
LITY C. F. (
299, and co
Their conat
victories ore
Exertions to
ints Campa
and then pr
colleague er
the soldiers
Conquest or
Papinius ba
army, Cary
Orded to a
both of whic
previously si
the latter to
may into E
the peace.
the town of
defeated the
## p. 987 (#1003) ###########################################
"MAXIMUS.
987
MAXIMUS.
MAXIYUS
clair. Taking advantage of the sickson et
Ty, and supported by some Egyptar el
-, sent by Peter, patriurch of Alliard
whose directions they professed to act. Mar.
zs ordained, during the Digbt patred of
sinople, in the place of Grezart, Thomas
had not been perfectly canonical Thea
roceeding excited the greatest indignation
e people, with whom Gregori ras peaks
he emperor Theodosio, then at Thess-
a hom the usurper applied, show than my
Jaximus therefore withdrew to do
3 which he was in a short time esperado
on, Peter. (Gregor. Nazian Cerit
ras 750—1029. )
zation of Gregory, ubo was recorded
chate of Constantinople by Vectra
fit Marimus. His election de
v the kcond general (irst Carsten
nicil, and the presbyteri se bo
vere declared not to be presoriai
can 3 sec. Dionys. Enta;
Isidor. Mercat ; apud Cod
d. Hardouin) He attempted to
ert his claims to the patiente;
zalian bishops for a while resed
ort him, he met with no mars
CAE
SAU
iminus I. , upon whose accession he became Caesar | liscans on the payment of a large sum of money
and Prinoeps Judentutis ; and having accompanied On his return to Rome he celebrated a splendid
the emperor in the campaigns against the barba- triumph-according to Livy, over the Samnites and
rians, he was subsequently styled Germanicus, Etruscans, and after the triumph of Papirius ; nc
Surmaticus, and Dacicus. It does not appear pro- cording to the Triumphal Fasti, over the Samnites
bable, however, that he was invested with the alone, and a month before the triumph of his col-
tribunician power or with the consulship, or that he league. Carvilius acquired great popularity by
was ever formally associated in the imperial dignity distributing a large part of the booty among the
with the title of Augustus, although such legends soldiers, which his colleague had not done ; but
as VICTORIA AUGUSTORUM and MAXIMINUS ET even after this distribution he paid into the trea-
Maximus. Augusti. GERMANICI, are found upon sury 380,000 pounds of bronze, and applied the
medals. He was murdered, along with his father, remainder to the erection of a temple of Fors For-
by the troops while besieging Aquileia, A. D. 238, tuna. With the bronze armour taken from the
at the age of eighteen, or, according to other au- Samnites he made a colossal statue of Jupiter upon
thorities, twenty-one. From coins and inscriptions the Capitol, which was of such a height that it
we are enabled to pronounce with certainty that could be seen from the temple on the Alban Mount;
liis name was Maximus, and not Maximinus, as and with the bronze which fell off in polishing this
Capitolinus would lead us to suppose.
work he had his own statue cast, which was placed
This youth was equally celebrated for the sur- at the feet of the colossus. (Liv. x. 9, 39, 43-45,
passing beauty of his person, the elaborate finish 46 ; Zonar. viii. 1; Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 7, s. 18;
of his dress, and the excessive haughtiness of his Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. p. 392, &c. ) In
demeanour. He was, however, educated with the year after his consulship Carvilius was appointed
much care, was well acquainted with Greek and legate to the consul D. Junius Brutus, as the con-
Latin literature, and seems in many respects to suls of that year did not possess military experience,
have had a good disposition. It is said that Alex- and had been elected in expectation of a state of
ander had at one time some thoughts of bestowing peace. (Zonar. l. c. )
his sister, Theoclia, upon Maximus in marriage ; In B. c. 272, Carvilius was elected consul a
and at a later period he was betrothed to Junia second time with his former colleague L. Papirius
Fadilla, a great-grand-daughter of Antoninus. Cursor, as the people, recollecting their former vic-
(Capitolinus, Maximin. jun. ; Eckhel, vol. vii. p. tories, fully hoped that they would put an end to
291, 297 ; MAXIMINUS I. )
(W. R. ] the Samnite war before Pyrrhus could return again
to Italy. They did not disappoint the expectations
TAS
of the people, though of the details of the war we
have no information. They conquered the Sam-
nites, Lucanians, Bruttians, and Tarentines, and
celebrated a triumph on account of their victories.
(Fasti Capit. ; Zonar, viii. 6; Liv. Epit. 14 ;
Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome vol. iii. p. 524. ) It must
be of this Sp. Carvilius that Velleius Paterculus (ii.
128) relates, that, though born of equestrian rank,
he arrived at the highest honours of the state, and
not of the consul of B. c. 234 [No. 2], as Orelli
MAXIMUS, CAESO'NIUS, was banished supposes (Onom. Tull. vol. ii. p. 133).
from Italy by Nero on the detection of Piso's con- 2. SP. CARVILIUS, SP. F. C. n. Máximus RUGA,
spiracy in A. D. 66. (Tac. Ann. xv. 72. ) From son of No. 1, was consul, B. c. 234, with L. Pos-
an epigram of Martial (vii. 44), addressed to one tumius Albinus, and carried on war first against
Q. Ovidius, a friend of Caesonius Maximus, we the Corsicans and then against the Sardinians : ac-
learn that Maximus had been consul, and also that cording to the Fasti Capitolini he obtained a triumph
he was one of the friends of Seneca, which was no over the latter people. (Zonar, viii. 18. ) He was
doubt the cause of his punishment.
consul a second time in B. C. 228 with Q. Fabius
MAXIMUS, CARVI'LIUS. 1. Sp. Carvi- Maximus Verrucossus, in which ycar, according to
LIUS C. F. C. N. MAXIMUS, was curule aedile B. C. Cicero (Cato, 4), he did not resist, like his col-
299, and consul B. C. 293, with L. Papirius Cursor. league, the agrarian law of the tribune C. Flamic
Their consulship was distinguished by brilliant nius for the division of the lands in Cisalpine Gaul.
victories over the Samnites, who had made immense Polybius (ii. 21), however, places the agrarian law
exertions to ensure success, and had penetrated of C. Flaminius four years earlier, in the consulship
into Campania. Carvilius first took Amiternum, of M. Aemilius Lepidus, B. C. 232.
and then proceeded to assault Cominium, while his Carvilius is not mentioned again till the year
of
colleague engaged with the great Samnite army, the fatal battle of Cannae, B. c. 216, when he pro-
the soldiers of which had devoted themselves to posed, in order to fill up the numbers of the senate
conquest or death by the most solemn vows. After and to unite the Latin allies more closely to the
Papirius had gained a brilliant victory over this Romans in this their season of adversity, that the
army, Carvilius took Cominium, and then pro- vacancies in the senate should be supplied by electing
ceeded to attack Palumbinum and Herculaneum, two senators from each one of the Latin tribes, but
both of which fell into his hands, although he had his proposition was rejected with the utmost indig-
previously suffered a defeat from the Samnites near nation and contempt. He died in B. C. 212, at
the latter town. After this Carvilius was called which time he was augur. (Liv. xxiii. 22, xxvi.
away into Etruria, where the Faliscans had broken 23. )
the peace. Here, too, he was successful; he took Carvilius is related to have been the first person
the town of Troilium and five other fortified places, who divorced his wife, which he is said to have
defeated the enemy and granted peace to the Fa- | done on the ground of barrenness, but his conduct
SAB
Cocoordor
Corcow
EBM
bocca
CUIN OP MAXIMUS CAESAR.
of Gregory Naziarzen zues
a, sc. De vita sa. 16; h
; la MariaFer TILA
for the patriarchate
, and #
the praises of his teatras
ime of Gregory's admiras,
tener, prised the red
'Hara, la Laska Heni
Vatr. 16), which is
Harimus, De Pise, aldi
erome, is lost (ALIPER
-, Hieronym. I
. ;
m Dot Pales; Tilled
43, &a ; Carc, Halt
6, ed Orford, 1741-7;
112. p. 520. ) [J. CL
PPIUS, a
zis of Dimitar as ID
s quelled the rest &
at the site tizza
2) the letters of
expor others to the
4. D. IV be
che Dacias ir
ras age of 10:21
; bai bere ki
Jefeated and person
the Fizet is be
on Case Is it
donos ske
assius as a
utian, is
1/1. 66), asi
us which is a
tis (11. 24
Tre to tie at
pizs Maris
och bra
:
opias vietas
(VzS
so
## p. 988 (#1004) ###########################################
988
MAXIMUS.
· MAXIMUS.
ke others, we
into EnotDO
Boss, ticks,
messengers and
wel stake hi
after some time
so greater ser
and the two A
back to the city
in his prescace
person, but wer
when their toc
cut on and the
ines, from age
Searceir able La
foed in para
Marines and
the ežects of the
Apocrinarios so
herings is one o
artice. Vario
reported to be
mbapot Den.
* Certama
antipabashed
works of Mar
Anastasius Ar
neously stated
ID 291); ba
Bicent docum
Pius ;
was generally disapproved. Whether, however, ( nent Greek ecclesiastic of the sixth and serenth
this was really the first instance of divorce at Rome centuries. He was born at Constantinople abont
may be questioned. (Gell. iv. 3 ; Val. Max. ii. 1. A. D. 580. His parents were eminent for their
$4; Dionys. ü. 25; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. lineage and station, and still more for their piety.
death of the latter, in 311, he entered into a con- whom we refer for the interesting details of an
vention with Licinius, in terms of which he received event to which we are indebted for nearly all our
the provinces of Asia Minor in addition to his knowledge of Attila's person and private life.
former dominion, the Hellespont and the Bosporus Maximin became afterwards one of the four prin-
forming the common boundary of the two sove-cipal ministers of the emperor Marcian; and in
reignties; but having treacherously taken advantage later years held the supreme command in Egypt,
of the absence of his neighbour, who had repaired whence he made a successful campaign against the
to Milan in 313 for the purpose of receiving in Aethiopians. He is invariably represented as a
marriage the sister of Constantine, he suddenly virtuous, firm, and highly talented man, (Priscus,
invaded Thrace, and surprised Byzantium. Having, p. 39, 40, 48—70 ; Socrat. Hist. Eccles. , vii. 20;
however, been signally defeated in a great battle Priscus. )
[W. P. ]
## p. 986 (#1002) ###########################################
986
MAXIMUS.
MAXIMUS.
ninus l. upon
and Princeps JE
the emperor in
rians, be was
Surstrow, and
Luble bowerer
tribanician pua
was ever forma
with the tite
u VETORIA
Maumus. AC
Recais. Be
by obe troops
at the age of
thantes, twer
We are enable
bis name was
Cao to. r. 25
Tois youth
preas ag beant
di bis dress,
demeanour.
much care,
Leta literat
have had a g
ander bad at
his sister, I
and at a la
Facts a
Capitolinus
291, 297;
MA'XIMUS AEGIENSIS (d Alylets), of is not clear. Taking advantage of the sickness of
Aegae in Cilicia, a writer contemporary with Apol- Gregory, and supported by some Egyptian eccle-
lonius of Tyana (APOLLONIUS TYANAEUS), of siastics, sent by Peter, patriarch of Alexandria,
some of whose transactions he wrote an account, under whose directions they professed to act, Max-
which was part of the materials employed by Phi- imus was ordained, during the night, patriarch of
lostratus [PHILOSTRATUS] in his biography of Constantinople, in the place of Gregory, whose
that philosopher. (Philostr. Apollon. Vit. i. 3; election had not been perfectly canonical. This au-
Euseb. In Hieroclem, c. 2, 3 ; Tzetzes, Chilias. II. dacious proceeding excited the greatest indignation
Hist. 60, vs. 974, Chilias. IX. Hist. 291, vs. 865 ; among the people, with whom Gregory was popular.
Voss. De Hist. Graec. ii. 10. ) [J. C. M. ) Nor did the emperor Theodosius, then at Thessa-
MA'XIMUS ALEXANDRI'NUS, known als lonich, to whom the usurper applied, show them any
as the cynic philosopher (Kuvukos dirboupos), was favour. Maximus therefore withdrew to Alex-
a native of Alexandria, the son of Christian parents andria, from which he was in a short time expelled
of rank, who had suffered on account of their religion; by his patron, Peter. (Gregor. Nazian. Carmen
but whether from Pagan or Arian violence is not e Vita sua, vss. 750—1029. )
clear. Maximus united the faith of an orthodox be- The resignation of Gregory, who was succeeded
liever with the garb and deportment of a cynic philo- in the patriarchate of Constantinople by Nectarius,
sopher, and was held in great respect by the lending did not benefit Maximus. His election was de-
theologians of the orthodox party. Athanasius, in a clared null by the second general (first Constanti-
letter written about A. D. 371 (Epist. ad Nurim. nopolitan) council, and the presbyters whom he
Philosopl. . Opp. vol. i. p. 917, &c. ed. Benedict. ), had ordained were declared not to be presbyters.
pays him several compliments on a work written (Concil. CPolit. can. 3. sec. Dionys. Exiguum ;
in defence of the orthodox faith. Tillemont and Capital. 6. sec. Isidor. Mercat. ; apud Concil, vol.
the Benedictine editor of the works of Gregory i. col. 809, 810, ed. Hardouin. ) He attempted even
Nazianzen (Monitum ad Orat. xxv. ), misled by the after this to assert his claims to the patriarchate ;
virulent invectives of that father, attempt to distin- but though the Italian bishops for a while seemed
guish between our Maximus and the one to whom disposed to support him, he met with no success.
Athanasius wrote, on the ground that Athanasius The invectives of Gregory Nazianzen against
could never have spoken so well of so worthless a Maximus (Carmina, sc. De Vita sua, I. c. ; In
character, They also distinguish him from the Invidos, vs. 16, &c. ; In Marimum) were written
Maximus to whom Basil the Great addressed a after their struggle for the patriarchate, and con-
letter (Ep. 41, editt. vett. 9, ed. Benedict. vol. iii. trast singularly with the praises of his twenty-fifth
p. 90, ejusd. edit. p. 127, ed. Benedict. alterae, Oration, to which some of Gregory's admirers, to
Paris, 1839) in terms of the bighest respect, dis- conceal the inconsistency, prefixed the name of
cussing some doctrinal questions, and soliciting a Heron or Hero, Els 'Hpôva, In Laudem Heronis
visit from him ; but they are not successful in (Hieron. De Viris Illustr. l. c. ), which it still
either case. However, the Maximus Scholasticus, bears. The work of Maximus, De Fide, which is
to whom Basil also wrote (Ep. 42, editt. vett. 277, well spoken of by Jerome, is lost. (Athanas. ,
ed. Benedict. ), was a different person. In A. D. 374, Basil. , Gregor. Nazianz. , Hieronym. U. cc. ; Sozo-
during the reign of the emperor Valens, in the per- men, H. &. vii. 9. cum not. Vales. ; Tillemont,
secution carried on by Lucius, Arian patriarch of Mémoires, vol. ix. p. 443, &c. ; Cave, Hist. Litt.
Alexandria (Lucius, No. 2], Maximus was cruelly ad ann. 380, vol. i. p. 276, ed. Oxford, 1740–42;
scourged, and banished to the Oasis, on account of Fabric. Bibl. Graec, vol. iii. p. 520. ) [J. C. M. ]
his zeal for orthodoxy and the promptitude with MAXIMUS, L. A'PPIUS, a distingrished
which he succoured those who suffered in the same Roman general in the reigns of Domitian and Tra-
cause (Gregor. Nazianz. Orat. XXV. C. 13, 14). jan. In A. D. 91 Maximus quelled the revolt of
He obtained his release in about four years (16. ), Antonius in Germany, and at the same time bad
probably on the death of Valens ; and it was the magnanimity to burn all the letters of the
perhaps soon after his release that he presented to latter, that they might not expose others to the
the emperor Gratian at Mediolanum (Milan), his vengeance of Domitian. In A. d. 101 he fought
work Tepl tîs alotews, De Fide, written against with success under Trajan in the Dacian war against
the Arians (comp. Hieron. De Viris Ilustr. c. 127). Decebalus. In A. D. 115 he was one of Trajan's
Tillemont, however, thinks that the work was pre- generals in the Parthian war ; but here his good
sented to the emperor when Maximus was in Italy, fortune failed him, for he was defeated and perished
A. D. 382, after the council of Constantinople. in this year. We learn from the Fasti that he
He wrote also against other heretics, but whether was consul in A. D. 103. (Dion Cass. lxvii. 11,
in the same work or in another is not clear (Greg. lxviii. 9, 30) There is some doubt about the
Naz. ib. ); and disputed ably against the heathens exact form of his name. Dion Cassius names him
(16. ). Apparently on his return from Milan be simply L. Maximus ; but Domitian, in a letter
visited Constantinople, where Gregory Nazianzen contained among those of Pliny (x. 66), and the
had just been appointed to the patriarchate (A. D. Fasti call him L. Appius Maximus, which is the
379).
Gregory received him with the highest form we have adopted. But Martial (ix. 85), and
honour ; and pronounced an oration in his praise Aurelius Victor (Epit. 11. $ 10), give to the con-
(Orat. xxv. ), compared with which the sober queror of Antonius the name of Appius Norbanus.
commendations of Athanasius and Basil are cold These statements can only be reconciled by sup-
and tame. He received him at his table, and posing that his full name was L. Appius Maximus
treated him with the greatest confidence and Norbanus.
regard. He was, however, grievously disappointed MAXIMUS BYZANTIUS. [MAXIMUS
in bim. Whether the events which followed were EPIROTA. ]
the results solely of the ambition of Maximus, MA'XIMUS CAESAR, whose full name was
or whether Maximus was himself the tool of others, C. JULIUS VERUS MAXIMUS, was the son of Max.
TRU,
C.
MAXIS
frien Italy
spiracy in a
an epigram
4. Ovidius
kean that
be was one
doubt the
MAXI.
LITY C. F. (
299, and co
Their conat
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Exertions to
ints Campa
and then pr
colleague er
the soldiers
Conquest or
Papinius ba
army, Cary
Orded to a
both of whic
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the peace.
the town of
defeated the
## p. 987 (#1003) ###########################################
"MAXIMUS.
987
MAXIMUS.
MAXIYUS
clair. Taking advantage of the sickson et
Ty, and supported by some Egyptar el
-, sent by Peter, patriurch of Alliard
whose directions they professed to act. Mar.
zs ordained, during the Digbt patred of
sinople, in the place of Grezart, Thomas
had not been perfectly canonical Thea
roceeding excited the greatest indignation
e people, with whom Gregori ras peaks
he emperor Theodosio, then at Thess-
a hom the usurper applied, show than my
Jaximus therefore withdrew to do
3 which he was in a short time esperado
on, Peter. (Gregor. Nazian Cerit
ras 750—1029. )
zation of Gregory, ubo was recorded
chate of Constantinople by Vectra
fit Marimus. His election de
v the kcond general (irst Carsten
nicil, and the presbyteri se bo
vere declared not to be presoriai
can 3 sec. Dionys. Enta;
Isidor. Mercat ; apud Cod
d. Hardouin) He attempted to
ert his claims to the patiente;
zalian bishops for a while resed
ort him, he met with no mars
CAE
SAU
iminus I. , upon whose accession he became Caesar | liscans on the payment of a large sum of money
and Prinoeps Judentutis ; and having accompanied On his return to Rome he celebrated a splendid
the emperor in the campaigns against the barba- triumph-according to Livy, over the Samnites and
rians, he was subsequently styled Germanicus, Etruscans, and after the triumph of Papirius ; nc
Surmaticus, and Dacicus. It does not appear pro- cording to the Triumphal Fasti, over the Samnites
bable, however, that he was invested with the alone, and a month before the triumph of his col-
tribunician power or with the consulship, or that he league. Carvilius acquired great popularity by
was ever formally associated in the imperial dignity distributing a large part of the booty among the
with the title of Augustus, although such legends soldiers, which his colleague had not done ; but
as VICTORIA AUGUSTORUM and MAXIMINUS ET even after this distribution he paid into the trea-
Maximus. Augusti. GERMANICI, are found upon sury 380,000 pounds of bronze, and applied the
medals. He was murdered, along with his father, remainder to the erection of a temple of Fors For-
by the troops while besieging Aquileia, A. D. 238, tuna. With the bronze armour taken from the
at the age of eighteen, or, according to other au- Samnites he made a colossal statue of Jupiter upon
thorities, twenty-one. From coins and inscriptions the Capitol, which was of such a height that it
we are enabled to pronounce with certainty that could be seen from the temple on the Alban Mount;
liis name was Maximus, and not Maximinus, as and with the bronze which fell off in polishing this
Capitolinus would lead us to suppose.
work he had his own statue cast, which was placed
This youth was equally celebrated for the sur- at the feet of the colossus. (Liv. x. 9, 39, 43-45,
passing beauty of his person, the elaborate finish 46 ; Zonar. viii. 1; Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 7, s. 18;
of his dress, and the excessive haughtiness of his Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. p. 392, &c. ) In
demeanour. He was, however, educated with the year after his consulship Carvilius was appointed
much care, was well acquainted with Greek and legate to the consul D. Junius Brutus, as the con-
Latin literature, and seems in many respects to suls of that year did not possess military experience,
have had a good disposition. It is said that Alex- and had been elected in expectation of a state of
ander had at one time some thoughts of bestowing peace. (Zonar. l. c. )
his sister, Theoclia, upon Maximus in marriage ; In B. c. 272, Carvilius was elected consul a
and at a later period he was betrothed to Junia second time with his former colleague L. Papirius
Fadilla, a great-grand-daughter of Antoninus. Cursor, as the people, recollecting their former vic-
(Capitolinus, Maximin. jun. ; Eckhel, vol. vii. p. tories, fully hoped that they would put an end to
291, 297 ; MAXIMINUS I. )
(W. R. ] the Samnite war before Pyrrhus could return again
to Italy. They did not disappoint the expectations
TAS
of the people, though of the details of the war we
have no information. They conquered the Sam-
nites, Lucanians, Bruttians, and Tarentines, and
celebrated a triumph on account of their victories.
(Fasti Capit. ; Zonar, viii. 6; Liv. Epit. 14 ;
Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome vol. iii. p. 524. ) It must
be of this Sp. Carvilius that Velleius Paterculus (ii.
128) relates, that, though born of equestrian rank,
he arrived at the highest honours of the state, and
not of the consul of B. c. 234 [No. 2], as Orelli
MAXIMUS, CAESO'NIUS, was banished supposes (Onom. Tull. vol. ii. p. 133).
from Italy by Nero on the detection of Piso's con- 2. SP. CARVILIUS, SP. F. C. n. Máximus RUGA,
spiracy in A. D. 66. (Tac. Ann. xv. 72. ) From son of No. 1, was consul, B. c. 234, with L. Pos-
an epigram of Martial (vii. 44), addressed to one tumius Albinus, and carried on war first against
Q. Ovidius, a friend of Caesonius Maximus, we the Corsicans and then against the Sardinians : ac-
learn that Maximus had been consul, and also that cording to the Fasti Capitolini he obtained a triumph
he was one of the friends of Seneca, which was no over the latter people. (Zonar, viii. 18. ) He was
doubt the cause of his punishment.
consul a second time in B. C. 228 with Q. Fabius
MAXIMUS, CARVI'LIUS. 1. Sp. Carvi- Maximus Verrucossus, in which ycar, according to
LIUS C. F. C. N. MAXIMUS, was curule aedile B. C. Cicero (Cato, 4), he did not resist, like his col-
299, and consul B. C. 293, with L. Papirius Cursor. league, the agrarian law of the tribune C. Flamic
Their consulship was distinguished by brilliant nius for the division of the lands in Cisalpine Gaul.
victories over the Samnites, who had made immense Polybius (ii. 21), however, places the agrarian law
exertions to ensure success, and had penetrated of C. Flaminius four years earlier, in the consulship
into Campania. Carvilius first took Amiternum, of M. Aemilius Lepidus, B. C. 232.
and then proceeded to assault Cominium, while his Carvilius is not mentioned again till the year
of
colleague engaged with the great Samnite army, the fatal battle of Cannae, B. c. 216, when he pro-
the soldiers of which had devoted themselves to posed, in order to fill up the numbers of the senate
conquest or death by the most solemn vows. After and to unite the Latin allies more closely to the
Papirius had gained a brilliant victory over this Romans in this their season of adversity, that the
army, Carvilius took Cominium, and then pro- vacancies in the senate should be supplied by electing
ceeded to attack Palumbinum and Herculaneum, two senators from each one of the Latin tribes, but
both of which fell into his hands, although he had his proposition was rejected with the utmost indig-
previously suffered a defeat from the Samnites near nation and contempt. He died in B. C. 212, at
the latter town. After this Carvilius was called which time he was augur. (Liv. xxiii. 22, xxvi.
away into Etruria, where the Faliscans had broken 23. )
the peace. Here, too, he was successful; he took Carvilius is related to have been the first person
the town of Troilium and five other fortified places, who divorced his wife, which he is said to have
defeated the enemy and granted peace to the Fa- | done on the ground of barrenness, but his conduct
SAB
Cocoordor
Corcow
EBM
bocca
CUIN OP MAXIMUS CAESAR.
of Gregory Naziarzen zues
a, sc. De vita sa. 16; h
; la MariaFer TILA
for the patriarchate
, and #
the praises of his teatras
ime of Gregory's admiras,
tener, prised the red
'Hara, la Laska Heni
Vatr. 16), which is
Harimus, De Pise, aldi
erome, is lost (ALIPER
-, Hieronym. I
. ;
m Dot Pales; Tilled
43, &a ; Carc, Halt
6, ed Orford, 1741-7;
112. p. 520. ) [J. CL
PPIUS, a
zis of Dimitar as ID
s quelled the rest &
at the site tizza
2) the letters of
expor others to the
4. D. IV be
che Dacias ir
ras age of 10:21
; bai bere ki
Jefeated and person
the Fizet is be
on Case Is it
donos ske
assius as a
utian, is
1/1. 66), asi
us which is a
tis (11. 24
Tre to tie at
pizs Maris
och bra
:
opias vietas
(VzS
so
## p. 988 (#1004) ###########################################
988
MAXIMUS.
· MAXIMUS.
ke others, we
into EnotDO
Boss, ticks,
messengers and
wel stake hi
after some time
so greater ser
and the two A
back to the city
in his prescace
person, but wer
when their toc
cut on and the
ines, from age
Searceir able La
foed in para
Marines and
the ežects of the
Apocrinarios so
herings is one o
artice. Vario
reported to be
mbapot Den.
* Certama
antipabashed
works of Mar
Anastasius Ar
neously stated
ID 291); ba
Bicent docum
Pius ;
was generally disapproved. Whether, however, ( nent Greek ecclesiastic of the sixth and serenth
this was really the first instance of divorce at Rome centuries. He was born at Constantinople abont
may be questioned. (Gell. iv. 3 ; Val. Max. ii. 1. A. D. 580. His parents were eminent for their
$4; Dionys. ü. 25; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. lineage and station, and still more for their piety.
