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Giolla. This word is prefixed to many names, chiefly to those
of ecclesiastics, and signifies a servant, or disciple, for instance
Giolla-an-choimhdhe, signifying the servant of the Trinity, from Kernan.
Coimhde, the Trinity; Giolla-Iosa, the servant of Jesus; a name Tadhg, Teige, frequent name, signified originally, poet.
which has been latinised into Gelasius; Giolla-Criost, the servant of Christ; Giolla-Muire, the servant of the Virgin Mary; Giolla na-naomh, pronounced Giolla-na-neev, signifying the servant of the saints; Giolla-Peadair, or the servant of St. Peter; Giolla-Poil, or servant of St. Paul; Giolla-Michil, the servant of St. Michael; Giolla-Patraig, the servant of St. Patrick; Giolla Coluim, or servant of St. Columkille; Giolla-Brighde, the servant of St. Bridget; Giolla-Ciarain, the servant of St. Kiaran; Giolla Caomhain, the servant of St. Kevin; Giolla-Easbuig, the servant of the bishop, &c.
Maol is also prefixed chiefly to the names of ecclesiastics, and
signifies a bald or tonsured person, who became the spiritual ser
Ualgarg, name chiefs amongst the O'Rourkes, derived from Uaill, famous, and garg, fierce, signifying famous and fierce warrior.
few names women may here given specimens, for instance, Bebinn, derived from Be, woman, and binn, melodious.
Feithfailge, beautiful and fanciful name, derived from Feith, vant of some saint, as for instance Maol-Iosa, or the servant of honey-suckle, and failge, rings, hence signifies honey
Jesus; Maol-Muire, or the servant of the Virgin Mary; Maol
Peadair, or the servant of St. Peter; Maol-Poil, or the servant of St. Paul; Maol-Patraig, or the servant of St. Patrick; Maol
Coluim, or the servant of St. Columkille, a name known as Mal colm, and which was borne by many of the kings of Scotland.
Maolseachlain, signifying the servant of St. Sechnall, or Seach lan, was a name frequent amongst the kings and chiefs of Meath, of the Hy Nialls. This name has been anglicised to Malachy;
it also became a surname of that clan, under the name O'Melaghlin.
suckle ringlets.
Fionnghuala, signifies fair-shouldered woman, from Fiom,
white, and guala, shoulders. This name has been anglicised
-
rosy complexioned beauty.
wine rosy complexioned woman.
Ciarraidhe-Loch-na-nairneadh, which O'Flaherty calls Kerry, Loch Mairne, lay the parish Aghamore, barony
Costello, county Mayo.
Maurice Fitzgerald. The Fitzgeralds trace their descent from the dukes Tuscany. Some the family, from Florence,
settled Normandy, and came from thence England with Wil liam the Conqueror. Maurice Fitzgerald came Ireland with Robert Fitzstephen, and other Anglo-Norman chiefs, A. D. 1169, and assisted Strongbow the reduction Ireland. He thus described from Cambrensis and Holingshed:—“A man was,
Maolmordha, a name which has been anglicised to
Myles,
or
common. Tobar grimage, the
Miles, was a favourite name of the chiefs of the O'Reillys. Muircheartach, a frequent name of chiefs, may be derived from Muir, the sea, and ceart, a right, hence might'signify a naval warrior, or a chief establishing his rights at sea. The name has
been anglicised to Murtogh.
Muireadhach, a name of kings and chiefs, which may also be
derived from Muir, the sea, and Eadhach, a protector, a name
equivalent to that of admiral. It has been anglicised Morogh, and Maurice.
Niall, a name of many kings and chiefs, derived from Niadh, a champion, or mailed knight, and all, noble, hence signifies a noble knight, or armed champion. This became the tribe-name of
Mayo, where O'Maigin, A. D. 1225.
Barraubh, dubh, dark.
Dearforgail, from Dear,
dark-haired woman, from Barr, the hair, and
Dervorgil, signifies purely fair daughter, daughter, and forgil, purely fair.
Dubhdeasa,
Dubh, dark, and deas, beautiful.
Penelope.
Flanna, signifies red Lasairfhiona, signifies Mor, frequent name
-
Dudeasa, signifies dark-haired beauty, from
women,signifies fine majestic woman. Clan Tomaltaidh, district, according O’Dugan, the ter ritory Croaghan Connaught, the present county Ros Padraig St. Patrick's well, place pil parish Annagh, barony Costello, county
church was founded by the abbot Maolbrighde
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A. D. 1225.
REIGN OF HENRY III. 43
Mac Oireachty turned against Hugh O'Conor,
WLAVE O’BEO the Siol Murray, and the people West Con LAN, naught, headed by Hugh O'Flaherty, lord
aircineach of West Connaught, and the Irish the province,
Drumcliff, a learned except Mac Dermott (Cormac, son Tomaltach),
man, and a Biatach,' rose opposition him. As O’Neill, did
died.
O’Mulbrenan, abbot Murray, from whence
the middle Siol proceeded the wood
not halt until arrived
of the monastery of Athlone, where remained encamped for two
Boyle, died from the accidental effects of
bloodletting. Maolbrighde O’Mai
nights the mill Guanach, until devastated
Lough Nen, from which carried away the treasures of O’Conor. From thence he marched
Carn Fraoich,” where Torlogh, son Roderick gin, abbot of Tobar O'Conor, was inaugurated O’Neill and his
patrick, a son of purity party; for the clans, except the supporters
and wisdom, died. Hugh, namely, Mac Dermott, David O'Flynn, Hefounded the church and few others, gave their support the sons
) of Tobarpatrick, which of Roderick.
sanctuary and crosses, The son Cathal Crovdearg then came
-
he completed, with
great pains, and dedicated honour St. resolution repair the English, the castle Patrick, the Virgin Mary, and the Apostles. Athlone; and happened fortunately for him
Giolla-an-Choimde Mac Giollacharraidh, dig that the English nobility Ireland were then
nified priest, and parson Taughboine, died. Dionisius O’Mulkiaran, aircineach Ardcarne,
died.
Giollacoirpthe O’Mugroin died, and was inter The English received him gladly, and
the English. remained
red Cong St. Feichin. with them for some time, very friendly terms. O'Neill mustered powerful force, and marched The lord justice, and many the English nobility,
into Connaught, aid the sons Roderick gave him their support, and were joined O'Conor, namely, Torlogh and Hugh, the Donagh Cairbreach O’Brien, and O’Melaghlin,
instance Duinnoig Mac Oireachtaidh (Mac Geraghty), head chief Siol Murray (Roscom mon), revenged O'Conor (Hugh), who
(lord Meath), with their forces.
The people Moy Ai, and those the Tuatha Connaught, (in Roscommon), having received had dispossessed him his territory; but when intelligence the muster the forces, fled, with
both honest and wise, and for truth and valour very noble and famous, man his word, constant mind, and certain bash fulness, well coloured, and good countenance, middle stature, and compact all points, courteous, gentle, and moderate, pattern sobriety and good behaviour; man few words; his speeches more full wit and reason than words; more wisdom he had than eloquence; martial affairs bold, stout, and valiant, and yet not hasty run headlong into any adventure, but when attempt was once taken hand, he would strictly pur sue and follow the same. ” He was appointed chief governor Ireland, A. D. 1173, Henry II. , and and his descendantsgot large grants lands Leinster and Munster, chiefly the coun ties Kildare, Wicklow, Wexford, Cork, and Kerry. He died A. D. 1177, and was buried the abbey the Grey Friars Wexford. From him was descendedthe above Maurice Fitzgerald, and the noble family the Fitzgeralds, one the most distin guished
Elizabeth,
also many other eminent families the name Ireland. The earls Desmond and Kildare were frequently lords deputie and chief governors Ireland, down the reign Elizabeth. The noble family the Geraldines frequently joined the Irish against the English government; hencethey were charged English wri ters having become Irish language and manners, and Hiber nis ipsis Hiberniores, more Irish than the Irish themselves.
Biatachs were order persons very numerous Ireland, ancient times appointed keep houses hospitality, for the
Ireland. branch them were, down the reign earls Desmond, and had immense possessions the
been used for supporting the military their march.
Cork and Kerry. Another branch became barons
Carn Fraoich, tion the O'Conors Tulsk, the county
above mentioned, was the place inaugura kings Connaught, and was situated near Roscommon.
counties
Offaly, earls Kildare, and dukes Leinster. There have been
assembled there, most whom were his friends his own account, well that his father,
for they were both tributaries
entertainment of"travellers and the poor; and the establishments over which they presided had endowments and grants lands for the public use, and free entertainment for all persons who stood
need it; and from these arose the term Ballybiatach, com mon Ireland name for townland, which signified land ap propriated these purposes. early times these appear have
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44 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1225.
their flocks and property, into the territory of ing, fled into Tyrawley, where they were attacked,
Lieney and Tyrawley, and left the sons of Rode and plundered
their cattle, O'Dowd. the sons Roderick, the resolu
rick, with a small army, who, with what men they could assemble, retired to Kilkelly. ” Hugh, and
the English who aided him, sent the light com panies to plunder the adherents of Roderick's sons, and kept the main army for the purpose of attacking those of their opponents. Hugh, the son of Roderick, Donal O'Flaherty, Tiarnan, son
of Cathal Migarun, and the son of Torlogh, son of
Roderick, went to solicit the aid of some friends.
The English, accompanied by Hugh, son of
Cathal Crovdearg, marched to attack Torlogh,
who, perceiving their intention, commanded his nagh proceeded thither with sureties, seek his inexperienced leaders, namely, Donagh Oge Mac pardon and protection. - Oireachty with his recruits, Flaherty O'Flanagan, The people South Connaught were then
and several other young soldiers, to advance with very unsettled and unhappy condition, for the possible speed before him, while himself English Leinster and Munster, along with Mur
covered the rear; which movement effectually togh O’Brien and the English Desmond, headed executed, and thus they escaped without any loss. the sheriff Cork, marched together into their On the same day, skirmishing party from territory, slew whom they met, and plundered
Hugh O'Conor came with Eachmarcach Mac their farms and towns. Hugh, son Cathal Branan, who, while defending his prey cattle, Crovdearg, was much displeased with them, for was killed by his opponents. coming such expedition, for they had not
Hugh O'Conor, the head the English, come
pursued the sons Roderick, that night, Mee desire
lick, and spent three nights plundering Lieny much the lord justice and his English followers
With respect tion they came
was, that they would separate their forces until the English should quit Hugh
that Donn Mac Oiraghty, and others their chiefs should the country O'Flaherty, their
friend and ally; and that the sons Murtogh O'Conor, and Tiarnan Mac Cathail, should
quest their people and cattle, and sue for peace
their behalf, until the English should separate from the son Cathal Crovdearg. Hugh was then Mayo; and the sons Murtogh Muim
directions; but afterwards made peace with had obtained the wealth Connaught that
O’Hara, and spared the remaining property the
country. Roderick’s sons were, this time, the neighbourhood Lough Mac Feredaidh, Glen
na-Mochart. Hugh advised his English allies plunder the Tuatha Connaught, Siol Murray,
occasion. During that incursion the four sons
Mac Murrogh were slain one place.
was woeful visitation of Providence which
befel the best province Ireland that time, for man spared his neighbour, but took advantage
his misfortunes, and plundered him; and many women, children, and helpless persons among the led the English unfrequented pass through peasantry, perished cold and famine during
and also the clan Tomaltaidh, they had fled. They determined this plan, upon which
those wars.
tighe-in-messaigh, where they commenced plun The sons Murtogh Muimnagh, having pro
the wood Gatlaigh, until they reached Ath
dering Cuil Cearnaidh,' having expelled the ceeded before stated, sue for protection from inhabitants, who fled Dubhchonga, and the Hugh O'Conor, arrived the following day
most whom were drowned, that the pools the river above the fords, which they endeavoured
cross, were found full drowned children; and such them escaped the English, and drown
Kilkelly, the barony Costello, county Mayo.
Cuil Cearnaidh. The places where this warfare occurred, namely, the Tuatha, Siol Murray, and the Clan Tomaltaidhe, were
the county Roscommon. Cuilcarney was district the barony Gallen, county Mayo. The river which thosepersons
Kilmeodhain. ” this place the three English armies formed junction, and the barony was nearly covered with their forces and those the Irish. Hugh O'Flaherty, under protection the
were drowned, supposed have been the Moy. Ath-tighe-in messaigh Attemas, the barony Gallen, county Mayo. Cill Meodhain, now Kilmaine, parish the barony
Kilmaine, county Mayo.
his instigation, but influenced their own plunder the country, hearing how
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English nobles, and of Donagh Cairbreach O’Brien, his intercessors, came before Hugh O'Conor and
the lord justice, and entered into terms of peace and protection for his people and property, on
his chief officers and soldiers, for could depend only few the Conacians. He (O'Conor), then delivered into the hands the English, the most distinguished heads his clans guarantee for the payment their tribute, namely, Flaherty O'Flanagan, Fergal O’Teige, and others the chiefs Connaught, who were obliged ran
Donogh Cairbreach O'Brien, having sent before him a party with great booty, Hugh, son of
with sent
As soon marched
his aid.
the solemn ceremony extinguishing candles,
and bound himself never againto oppose him, oncon dition, that (Hugh), should set his (Donogh's),
soldiers, plunder Owen O'Heyne, Hy
Fiachra Aidhne and they encamped for the night Ardrathan. Intelligence was brought
REIGN OF HENRY III. 45
condition that he should expel from his territory
the sons of Roderick. After this, Hugh O'Conor
and his English allies marched to Tuam, where
he dismissed the English of Leinster and of Des som themselves. O'Flaherty, the son Murtogh mond; after which, he himself returned back to (O’Dowd), and the other chiefs, revolted against O'Flaherty, on whose fidelity he did not depend, Hugh, son Cathal Crovdearg, after the English for O'Flaherty kept the sons of Roderick and Donn army had departed, and joined the sons
Oge Mac Oiraghty under his protection, on the Roderick. Hugh O'Conor then sent messengers
western side of the lake, (Lough Corrib, in Galway).
At that time Mac Manus parted with the sons
of Roderick (O'Conor), and went into Tyrawley
in quest of his people and cattle, which he for
tunately recovered without loss, and took with
him, under the protection of O’Rourke, who at
that time had plundered Philip Mac Costello. William Cruse, and the sons Griffin, were forth
Roderick, and Owen O'Heyne, who had received
intelligence of intercepted them with small Tochar" westward, and thence proceeded through select party, and having defeated the Munster "the territory Hy-Diarmada, where heard men, recovered the booty, and took some the that the son Roderick then was, with small chiefs hostages. When Donogh Cairbreach force, his friends had not yet come his
(O’Brien), heard these proceedings, came aid. Hugh O'Conor sent his brother, Feidhlim, Hugh, son Roderick, made peace with him, with other chiefs, and large force the English
captive friends liberty. He (Donogh), did not, O'Flaherty, and the sons Murtogh, who
however, adhere his covenant with the son Roderick, after his friends were released, for, on
the next occasion, marched against him with the forces Hugh, son Cathal Crovdearg.
After some time Hugh O'Conor and the lord justice arrived the port Inis Creamha," and
were then preparing join the son Roderick,
compelled O'Flaherty surrender into his hands
Inis, Oilean-na-Circe, and all the vessels on the
lake. The lord justice, after this, returned home, forces, Ardrathan, while O'Flaherty, and the being escorted great part his journey by Hugh son Murtogh, remained outside the town with O'Conor, with whom the lord justice left many
Inis Creamha was island the east Lough Corrib, county Galway. Oilean-na-Circe, the Hen's Island, was
another island Lough Corrib, where the O'Flahertys had
castle. The lord justice frequently mentioned this period from the abbey Ballintober, Roscommon, Croagh Patrick, was Richard de Burgo. Mayo.
and letters the lord justice, informing him these circumstances, and requesting him send
him some forces. He was not disappointed, for the English promptly and cheerfully responded the call, and their expedition proved profitable them, for great was their booty, and small their loss. The English Leinster, commanded by
these forces arrived, Hugh O'Conor attack the son Roderick, passed the
that the English had gone
Owen O'Heyne, and were therefore, made delay, but
plunder their ally, Ardrathan; they, with one accord
pursued them, until they came close them. They there held consultation, and resolved first send Tuathal, son Murtogh (O’Dowd), and
Taithleach O’Dowd, with large body their
their troops. Tuathal and Taithleach marched
Tochar signifies road, pass; and the one here mentioned probably the ancient road called Tochar Phadraig, St. Pa
trick's causeway, which traditionally stated have extended
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46 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1226.
onward with a strong force, attacked the English these events, destructive plague and fever fol in the town with great courage and animation, and lowed, and devastated Connaught, entire towns made such havoc among them that they were being depopulated, that single living creature
Flan, son Awlave O’Fallon, chief Clan Uadagh,” was slain by Feidlim, son Cathal Crovdearg and Teige O'Feenaghty, the friend Hugh, son Roderick O'Conor, was slain the
totally defeated and put to flight, east and west.
The victors closely pursued them eastward.
Tuathal, in the first encounter, wounded the
English constable or commander, and Taith
leach pierced him a second time, so that he was
left lifeless on the spot. The remainder of the Mac Egans, the aforementioned war.
English who were driven out of the town west
ward were met by O'Flaherty, and the son of
Murtogh (O’Dowd), but, unfortunately, they were
defeated by the English, and Mahon, son of Hugh,
son of Conor of Maonmoy ; Gillcreest Mac Der
mott; Neill, son of Fergal O’Teige, and others,
were slain in the conflict. The person who slew
Niall O’Teige, namely, the brother of Colen
O’Dempsey, was also slain. As to Roderick’s
son, he, O'Flaherty, and their supporters, assem O'Kelly; and both perished the flames.
bled together, and marched on the following day Duarcan O’Hara, Teige O'Hara, and Edaoin, southward, until they arrived at Drom Canannain; daughter Dermod, son Donal O’Hara,
died.
The people Munster and the English made predatory attack Termon Caolainne,” but
the English nobles. Until then there was
peace Connaught, for churches and terri logh More, who was the most celebrated" tanist tories had been plundered and laid waste. After his tribe hospitality, generosity, and magnani
Clan Uadach, district the barony Athlone, county Roscommon, which, according O'Dugan, O'Fallon was chief. O'Fallon had his castle Milltown, the parish Dysart.
Clan Murchadha. This territory lay the county Galway, the borders Roscommon, adjoining Clan Commhaighe,
which the O'Feenaghtys were also chiefs. Clan Conmhaighelay on both sides the river Suck, which flows between the counties Galway and Roscommon, but chiefly the former, and met
Siol Maoilruana the bridge Glinsk, which lay the west the county Roscommon.
10. Termon Caolainne. This was probably Killone, near Ennis, the county Clare, where there was celebrated Augustinian abbey, founded A. D. , 1195, Donald O'Brien, king Limerick,
and sometimes called Clare abbey; perhaps Killanma, the parish Killofin, county Clare, where the ruins ancient
monastery are still seen.
could not be found them. -
Awlave, son Fearcair O’Fallon, the worthiest chief his own clan, died.
Muireagh O’Feenaghty, chief Clan Mur
chadha," died board vessel Lough Oirbsin (Lough Corrib), though perfect health when embarked.
The residence Conor, son Teige O'Kelly (lord Hy Maine), and Ardgal, his brother,
was attacked and set fire the sons Teige
but Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg, with his English allies, pursued them.
The supporters of Roderick’s sons now held a council, and resolved that they should return home, which agreed do, except Donn Oge Mac Oiraghty. The other chiefs, however, having left
the royal sons Roderick O'Conor, with whom they left but small force, they proceeded the residence Hugh O’Neill, accompanied Donn Mac Oiraghty. Hugh, son Cathal Crovdearg, then attacked O'Flaherty, and took hostages from him, after which proceeded Kilmaine, and from thence Mayo, pursuit the son Murtogh (O’Dowd), and Tiarnan, son Cathal Migarainn, who made terms, and obtained pro tection for their people and property; and they then made their submission Hugh O'Conor,
the security Donogh Cairbreagh O’Brien, and
they were repulsed with slaughter, through the miracles of God and St. Caolainne.
The corn remained unreaped until after the festival Bridget (the 1st February).
A. D. 1226.
Donum Dei (or Deodatus), bishop Meath, died.
Connmach O’Tappa O'Tarpa), bishop Lieney (Achonry), died.
--
Hugh, son Dun O'Sochlachlain, aircineach Cong, learned scribe, skilled psalmody,
and many arts and sciences, died. Matthew O'Maolmoicherghe died. Tiarnan, son Cathal Migarun, son
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O’Dowd and his sons.
Nuala, daughter of Roderick O'Conor, and
queen of Ulster, died at Cong of St. Feichin, and
was honorably interred there, in the church of the Canons.
Donal, son of Roderick O'Flaherty, was slain by the sons of Murtogh O'Flaherty, after they, together with Feilim, son of Cathal Crovdearg, had taken his house by assault.
Fergal O’Teige, chief of the household of Cathal Crovdearg (O'Conor), and Hugh, son of Cathal,
were slain by Donsleve O'Gara.
Hugh, son of Donal O’Rourke, was slain by
Cathal O’Reilly, aided by Cathal, son of Cormac
O’Mulroony, on Lough Allen (in Leitrim). Maurice Mac Dermott was slain.
the morass where the meeting was to take place, namely, Cormac, son of Tomaltach; Dermod, son of Manus; Manus, son of Murtogh O'Conor; Teige, son of Mahon O’Kerin ; and Roderick
O’Mullrenan, to receive William Marisco, who came thither, accompanied by eight horsemen. O'Conor, remembering their former treachery,
rose in opposition to the English, and incited his party against them; and he himself attacked Wil liam Marisco, and made him prisoner on the spot. The party, thus instigated by O'Conor, obeyed the call, attacked the English, defeated them, and slew the constable of Athlone; they also took prison
ers Master Slemhny and Hugo Ardin. Hugh O'Conor sent those Englishmen to prison beyond
REIGN OF HENRY III.
47
_
mity for a long period, was slain by Donogh Only a chosen few of O'Conor’s party went beyond
Lathach, and then marched with a body of men to The castle of Kilmore (county of Cavan) was Athlone, where he plundered the market-place,
demolished by Cathal O’Reilly.
Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg O'Conor, took
Hugh O'Flaherty prisoner, and delivered him into the hands of the English.
A. D. 1227.
Conor, son of Niall O’Catharnaigh, was slain by
the English soldiers of Leinster, who were at the time along with the king of Connaught.
Henry O’Melaghlin, and Murtogh O’Melaghlin (of Meath), were slain by the English.
Malachy O'Conor Faily was slain by Cuilen O'Dempsey.
and burned the entire town. This was a fortunate
circumstance for the Conacians, as many of their sons and daughters,and the hostages of Connaught,
who were detained in bondage by the English, were released in exchange for the above-named English prisoners ; and in addition to this, the
people of Connaught obtained terms of peace. Donslevy O'Gara, lord of Slieve Lugha, was slain by Giolla-roe, his own brother's son, after he (Giolla-roe) had taken his (Donslevy’s) house by assault at night; and Giolla-roe himself was after
wards slain there by order of Hugh O'Conor. Hugh, son of Roderick O'Conor, and Mac William Burke, marched a powerful force into
Giolla Coluim O’Mulloy was slain by O'Moore. North Connaught. They burned Inis Meodhain
The English of Ireland, having assembled in (in Lough Mask, county of Mayo), plundered the Dublin, invited Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg country through which they passed, and took O'Conor, king of Connaught, to a conference, and hostages.
attempted to betray him and keep him prisoner,
but William Mareschal, his friend, arrived with some troops, rescued him in despite of the English, out of the middle of the court-house, and escorted him into Connaught.
Jeoffrey Marisco, and Torlogh, son of Roderick
Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg, went to Tir connell to O’Donnell, but on his return home with meeting at Lathach Caichtuthbil," with William his wife, the sons of Torlogh (O'Conor), met him
Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg, appointed a
Marisco, son of Jeoffrey, lord justice of Ireland. in the neighbourhood of Seaghsa (part of the
. 1. Queen of Ulster. This daughter of king Roderick O'Conor
to have beenthe wife of O'Neill, prince of Tirowen, and king o ster.
1. Lathach, which signifies a morass, appears to have beennear Athlone, on the Commaughtside of the Shannon.
2. Magh Aoi. This plain, and Ruin Duin, both in Roscommon, have been already described in the notes.
O'Conor, marched a force into Moy Aoi,” erected a castle at Rinn-Duin, and took the hostages of Siol Murray.
48 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1228-29.
Curlew mountains), attacked him, and took his Murtogh, son of Flaherty O'Flanagan, was slain horses from him, and also his wife, whom they by the sons of Teige O'Gara.
delivered up as a prisoner into the hands of the English.
Torlogh, and the English of Meath, marched
with another force into West Connaught, where
they committed great depredations on Hugh, the
son of Roderick O'Flaherty. They proceeded
from thence into the territory of Carra (in Mayo),
where they took hostages from the sons of Mur king of Connaught, through the support of the togh ; and they carried away with them a large lord justice and the chiefs of Connaught, thus
usurping the rights of Torlogh, his elder brother.
Malachy, son of Torlogh, son of Roderick O'Conor, was slain by Hugh O'Conor, king of Connaught.
Bryan, son of Conor O’Dermott, was slain.
The castle of Athleague” was built by Jeoffrey consequence of the war between the sons of
number of beeves from every district.
Cumara O’Donnellan was slain in prison by
Roderick Mac Dunslevy, in revenge of his father's death.
Marisco.
Roderick O'Conor. B-oth the churches and the
country were plundered; the clergy and learned
men were exiled into foreign lands; and many persons perished of cold and famine.
A. D. 1229.
The monastery of St. Francis, in Cork, was
founded by Dermod Mac Carthy More.
Muireagh O'Gormley, prior of Inis Mac Nerin,'
the most distinguished man in Connaught for wisdom and piety, died.
Dermod O'Fiaigh, abbot of the church of Giolla Molaisi O’Giollarain, from Tuam, died, and was interred at Ardcarne.
Dermod Mac Giolla Carraigh, aircineach of the house of St. Baoithin, a dignified priest, died, and
Niall, son of Congalach O’Rourke, lord of
Dartry,” and of Clan Fermaighe, was slain by his body having been taken, as by right, by the Art and Awlave, sons of Art, son of Donal canons of that place, from the monks of the monas O'Rourke. Awlave Gearr (the Short), son of tery of Boyle, after it had remained three nights Niall, son of Congalach, was also slain, while unburied, as the monks had endeavoured to retain bathing, by Awlave, son of Art.
Fergal, son of Sitric O’Rourke, was slain by the sons of Niall, son of Congalach O’Rourke.
Hugh, son of Donogh O'Ferrall, was slain by Hugh, son of Awlave O'Ferrall.
David O'Flynn, chief of Siol Maoilruain, and Roderick O'Mulbrenan, died.
Rickard Mac William Burke was sent to Ire land by the king of England, as lord justice.
Hugh, son of Roderick O'Conor, was made
Excessive dearth prevailed in Connaught in
A. D. 1228.
Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg O'Conor, king of Connaught, was treacherously slain by the English, in the court of Jeoffrey Marisco, after he had been expelled by the Conacians.
A great war broke out in Connaught between Hugh and Torlogh, sons of Roderick O'Conor,
after the death of the aforementioned Hugh, for the younger brother would not yield submission
to the elder; so that the entire of Connaught lying between Ballysadare and the river of Hy Fiachra,
southward, except a small part of Slieve Lugha,
and the territory of Airtagh,' was laid waste by them.
order of canons for wisdom, died.
3. Athliag. This place was afterwards called Lanesborough ; Clancys were chiefs. Clanfermaighe was another district in
it is partly in Longford and partly in Roscommon.
1. Airtagh, a district belonging to Mac Dermott, in the barony of Boyle, county of Roscommon.
Leitrim. See note on Brefney.
1. Inis-Mac-Nerin, or “ Inchmacnerin, an island in Lough Key. St. Colum founded a noble monastery at Easmacneirc, pro bably the same with Inchmacnerin, over which he placed St.
2. Dartraigh, or Dartry, was an extensive territory in the Mochonna, his disciple. ”—See Weld's Survey of the County of barony of Rossclogher, county of Leitrim, of which the Mac Roscommon.
was buried in the monastery of the Holy Trinity;
it in their own monastery.
Girrard O’Kane, one of the most eminent of the
Cathal Mac Dermott, died a Benedictine nun.
Dermod Mac Carthy, lord of Desmond, died. Dionysius O’Moore, bishop of Siol Muiredhaidh,
(Elphin), resigned his see in honour of God. Loughlin O’Monaghan was slain by his uncle.
A. D. 1230.
Florent O'Carolan, bishop of Tyrone (Derry), a select and dignified sage, died in the eighty-sixth year of his age.
Kiaran, of Clonmacnois; Giolla Cartaigh O'Heil king
REIGN OF HENRY III. 49
Duvesa, daughter of Roderick, and wife of O’Hionmainen, pious monk and chief Master
In this year died Giolla Iosa O'Clery, bishop of
Liemey (Achonry); Joseph Mac Tecedain (or Mac that country; slew Donnog Mac Oireaghty, Teigan), bishop of Conmaicne (Ardagh); Magrath Echtigern, the son the Brehon O’Miomacain, Mac Geoffrey, bishop of Conmaicne; Rool (Ralph) and several others; also, along with the Petit, bishop of Meath, a select ruler, and soldier English, banished Hugh, son Roderick, king of Christ; Giolla Covdea O’Duilenmain, the coarb Connaught, for having opposed them, and and abbot of the church of Canons at Eass–dara
Arts the monastery Boyle.
Malachy Mac Firedin, dignified priest and
learned lecturer, died noviciate monk the monastery Boyle.
O'Donnell (Donal More), marched with his forces into Connaught against Hugh, son Roderick O'Conor, whom attacked, and plun dered Moy Aoi, with many parts the country, but he did not reduce the sons of Roderick submission.
Mac William Burke marched with his forces into Connaught, and plundered large portion
O'Conor being forced Hugh O'Neill, (Ballysadare); Maolmuire O'Malone, coarb of St. Felim, son Cathal Crovdearg, was appointed
giusan, a canon and anchorite ; and Dunslevey
A. D. 1230.
1. Tir Eogain and Tir Conaill. These ancient aud extensive territories comprised the present counties of Tyrone, Derry, and
Donegal; and a full account of them will be necessary, as they are constantly mentioned throughout these Annals, as connected with very important events.
I. Tir Eogain. This territory comprised the present counties of Tyrone and Derry, with a large portion of Donegal, between Lough Foyle and Lough Swilly, namely, the peninsula of Inisowen, and the greater part of the barony of Raphoe. It is connected with some of the earliest events in Irish history. We find, for instance, in Keating and O'Flaherty, that in the reign of Tigearumas, who was monarch of Ireland about nine centuries before the Christian era, the lake now called Lough Foyle suddenly burst forth and overflowed the adjoining plain, which was called Magh Fuinsidhe. This lake, mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters, and in O'Flaherty, as Loch Feabhail Mic Lodain, that the Lake Feval, son Lodan, obtained its name from Feval, son
Lodan, one the Tuath-De-Danan chiefs, who was drowned its waves. this territory, on high hill moun
tain, called Grianan, the eastern shore Lough Swilly, south Inch Island, was situated the celebrated fortress called the Grianan Aileach, from Grianan, palace royal residence, and Aileach Oileach, which signifies stone fortress. was also called Aileach Neid, having derived its name, according O'Flaherty, from Neid, one the Tuath-De-Daman princes (see Ogygia, II. 28). This fortress was for many ages the seat
the ancient kings Ulster. was built circular form great stones without cement, and was immense strength,
that style denominated Cyclopean architecture, and some extensive ruins remain this day. This fortress, according the Annals the Four Masters, was taken and plundered,
937, the Danes, which occasion they took prisoner Muir cheartach O'Neill, then the celebrated prince Aileach, who, however, was soon afterwards released. 1101, Murtogh O’Brien, king Munster, with powerful force, invaded Ulster, marched Easroe (Ballyshannon), proceeded Inisowen, and took the fortress Aileach, which totally demolished, revenge the destruction the palace Kincora, the royal seat the kings
Mac William Burke.
Hugh O’Neill, lord Tir Eogain,' heir
Munster Clare, by Donal Mac Loughlin, king Ulster,
1088. This palace Aileach supposed have been the Regia Ptolemy, the celebrated Greek geographer, the second cen tury, and the river marked Argita his Map Ireland, con
sidered have been the Finn, which the chief branch the Foyle river. The territory surrounding the fortress Aileach,
obtained the name Moy Aileach, the Plain Elagh.
Tir Eogain obtained name from Eogan, Owen, one
the sons Niall the Nine Hostages, monarch Ireland, who conquered this territory the beginning the fifth century, and
its
hence its name, Tir Eogain, anglicised into Tiroen, Tyrone.
was taken from the old pos sessors the race Ir, Clanna Rory, its sovereignty was transferred the race of Heremon. From the circumstance of its
being possessed the descendants Eogan, called Cinel Eogain, Kinel Owen, the territory also obtained the name Kinel Owen. According the Books Leacan and Ballymote, and other authorities, this territory was divided between the ten sons Eogan, whose descendants gave names the various districts.
the note the kingdom Meath, has been stated that the Hy Nialls, the descendants the monarch Niall the Hos tages, were divided into two great branches, namely, the Southern and Northern. The southern Hy Nialls, already explained, were kings Meath, and many them monarchs Ireland. The northern Hy Nialls, which there were two great branches, namely, the race Eogan, who were princes Tyrone, and the race Conall, who were princes Tirconnell, also furnished many monarchs Ireland; but the descendants Eogan were the most celebrated all the Milesian clans; and them, great many were kings Ulster, and, according O'Flaherty, sixteen were also monarchs Ireland. The race Eogan took the name
O'Neill the tenth century, from Niall Glundubh, monarch Ireland, who was killed great battle with the Danes, near Dublin, A. D. 919. branch the O'Neills took the name O'Loughlin, and Mac Loughlin, from Loughlin, one their ancient chiefs. the Annals, during the eleventh and twelfth centuries, several princes and kings Ulster the Mac Loughlins are mentioned; and some them were also monarchs Ireland;
H
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50 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1230.
presumptive to the throne of Ireland, the defen of Ireland), a man who had given neither hos der of Leath Cuinn (or the northern half of tages nor tributes to either English or Irish, who
Ireland), against the English and the people of Leath Mogha Nuadhat (or the southern half
but the O'Neills afterwards recovered their supremacy, and made a distinguished figure in Irish history, down to the seventeenth century, as princes of Tyrone, and kings of Ulster. The O'Neills had their chief seat at Dungannon, and were inaugurated as princes of Tyrone, at Tullaghoge, a place between Grange and Donaghenry, in the parish of Desertereight, in the barony of Dungannon, where a rude seat of large stones served them as a coronation chair. This, however, was broken by order of the lord deputy Mountjoy, in the reign of Elizabeth.
The chiefs and clans of Tir Eogain, and the territories possessed
by each in the twelfth century, are collected from O’Dugan as
follows:—O'Dugan commences with the territory of Aileach of
the Kings, of which he gives—I. O’Neill and Mac Loughlin as
princes or kings. II. O’Cathain, or O’Kane, who was of the race
of Eogan, or a branch of the O'Neills, and who was the chief of
Cianacht of Gleanna Geibhin, or Keenaght of Glengiven. The
O'Kanes were also chiefs of the Creeve, now the barony of Cole
rain, and in after times this powerful clan possessed the greater
part of the county of Derry, which was called O’Kane's country;
they also possessed,at an early period, part of Antrim, and had
their seat at the castle of Dunseverick, as already stated in the
note on Dalriada. III. O’Conchobhair or the O'Conors, who were
chiefs of Cianachta before the O’Kanes, and were descendants of
Cian, son of Oilioll Olum, king of Munster: hence their territory
obtained the name of Cianachta, a name still preserved in the
barony of Keenaught, county of Derry. IV. O’Duibhdiorma or
O'Dooyiorma, sometimes anglicised O’Dermott or Mac Dermott,
but a distinct clan from Mac Dermott, prince of Moylurg in Con
naught. The O’Dooyiormas are represented by O’Dugan as one
of the noblest clans of the Kinel Owen; they were chiefs of Loney, a district known as the Monter Loney Mountains in Breadach, a territory which lay along the western banks of Lough
Foyle, and comprised the parishes of Upper and Lower Moville, in
the barony of Inisowen. The name of this district is still preserved
in the small river Bredag, which falls into Lough Foyle. W.
O'Gairmledhaidh, or O'Gormley, chief of Kinel Moain, or Moen,
now the barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal. This district
derived its name from Moain, one of the descendants of Eogan.
VI. Moy Itha, or Moy Ith, and Kinel Enda, two districts adjoining
had gained many victories over the English, and defeated them with great slaughter, and who had
Cathmaoil, head chieftain of the Kinel Firadaigh, and of the Clan Aongusa, Clan Dubhinreachtaidh, and Clan Fogortaigh, and chief of the councils of the North of Ireland. This name was sometimes changed to Mac Campbell, and Mac Caghwell, and also to Caul field. The Cathmaoils were a powerful clan in Tyrone, and many of them in Monaghan, Louth, and Armagh. XVIII. The clans of Maolgeimridh, and of Maolpadraig, who possessed the two dis tricts of Kinel Firedhaidh, in the east of Tyrone. XIX. Muintir Taithligh, of Hy Laoghaire, of Lough Lir, a name anglicised to Mac Tully. XX. O'Hainbitir, chief of Hy Seaain.
The following chiefs and clans, not given in O’Dugan, are col
lected from various other sources: I. O’Criochain, chief of Hy Fiachra, a territory which comprised the parish of Ardstraw, and
some adjoining districts in Tyrone, and is mentioned in the Annals at A. D. 1200. II. O'Quinn, chief of Moy Lugad, and of Siol Cathusaigh, as given in the Annals at A. D. 1218. Moy Lugad, according to the Books of Leacan and Ballymote, lay in Keenaught of Glengiven, county of Derry. III. The O'Cearbhallains, O'Cairellains, or O'Carolans, a namesometimes anglicised to Carle
ton: they are frequently mentioned in the Annals as chiefs of Clan Diarmada, now the parish of Clandermod, or Glendermod, in Derry. IV. The O’Brolchains, or O’Brolchans, a name sometimes changed to Bradly. These were a numerous clan near Derry, but originally of the Kinel Firadaigh, in the south of Tyrone, and were a branch of the Kinel Owen. V. Mac Blosgaidh, or the Mac Closkeys, a numerous clan in the parish of Dungiven, and some adjoining parts: they were a branch of the O’Kanes. VI. The O’Devlins, chiefs of Muintir Devlin, near Lough Neagh, on the bor ders of Derry and Tyrone. VII. The O'Looneys, chiefs of Muintir
Kinel Moain, partly in the barony of Raphoe, and partly in the
barony of Tirkeeran in Derry. O'Flaherty places Moy Ith in Owen. These O'Flahertys, who settled in Tyrone, appear to have Cianachta, the ancient name of a large territory in this part been a branch of the great family of the O'Flahertys of Connaught. of Derry. According to O’Dugan, the following were the XI. The O'Murrys, given in O'Conor's Map of Ortelius, as a clan in chiefs of Moy Ith, namely, O'Baoighill, or O'Boyle; O'Maol
breasail; O'Cuinn, or O'Quinn; and O'Cionaotha, or O'Kenny.
VII. O'Bruadair, or O'Brody; O'Maoilfabhaill; and O'Ho
gain, chiefs of Carruic Brachuighe, still traceable by the
name Carricbrack, in the barony of Inisowen. VIII. The O'Neills, as already stated, maintained their independence O'Hagain, or O'Hagan, chief of Tulachog, or Tullaghoge, in down to the end of the sixteenth century, as princes of Tyrone; the parish of Desertereight, barony of Dungannon, county of and in the reigns of Henry VIII. and Elizabeth, bore the titles of Tyrone. IX. O'Dunagain, or O'Donegan; Mac Murchadh, or earls of Tyrone, and barons of Dungannon. The last celebrated Mac Murrogh; O'Fergail, O'Ferrall, or O'Freel ; and Mac chiefs of the name were Hugh O'Neill, the great earl of Tyrone,
Ruaidhri, or Rogers, chiefs of Tealach Ainbith, and of Muintir Birn, districts in the baronies of Dungannon and Strabane. X. O’Ceallaidh, or O'Kelly, chief of Kinel Eachaidh, or Corca. Each aidh, probably Corkaghee, barony of Dungannon. XI. O’Tighear naidh, or O'Tierney; and O'Ciarain, or O'Kieran, chiefs of Fearn muigh. XII. O’Duibhduanaidh; O'Haighmaill, or Hamill; and
O'Heitigein, or O’Etigan, chiefs of three districts called Teallach Cathalain, Teallach Duibhrailbe, and Teallach Braemain. XIII.