While others were sleeping, he went to the church door, and beheld within a celestial light, which
surrounded
the wiiole ambit.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v2
When her holy aunt, Aldegunde, was sum- moned from earth to heaven,'-^ our saint was appointed to succeed her, in the administration of conventual affairs, at Maubeuge.
Over this community shepresidedmostreligiously,foratermoftwelveyears.
Duringthisperiod, St.
Aldetrude ruled her nuns with great care and charity.
One of her spiritual daughters, when the offices for the day had ended, and when all had retired to rest, enjoyed a vision of the Apostle St.
Peter and of St.
Aldetrude.
They seemed to stand, at the corner of the altar, and engaged in conversation.
guardianship, and I shall bring to naught the efforts of the old enemy. " Again looking, the nun saw a honey-comb on the lips of her Abbess, and a ladder was near, by which she endeavoured to ascend towards heaven. The relation of this vision gave great comfort to Aldetrude's religious community. Another nun heard one Sunday night the sound. of men's voices speaking to the Abbess, whose hand she held in the courtyard of the nunnery. Yet could she see no person. But venturing to ask her superioress, what she had
With a benignant smile, the Apostle was heard to exclaim
amiable virgin, for I shall have thee and thy servants under my constant
"
shalt be wedded to an eternal king. " Aldetrude then fell upon her knees,
learned, the latter said,
I heard them say : because thou art a queen, thou
"
Another time, eagles were seen flying towards
heaven and bearing thither, as it were, St. Aldetrude and her prayers. Yet,
she had some doubts regarding their efficacy, and respecting her own merits ; but, she was re-assured in a nocturnal vision, when she saw a large and a bright crystal globe fly before her and towards the East. A few days, after- wards, a holy priest told her, that on the night of the Epiphany, he beheld a venerable long-haired man, coming as an Eastern King, with three wands, bearing flowers, in his hand. These he presented to Aldetrude, saying, " Thou shalt rule them with a wand, and they shall grow in her hand to the clouds. " The holy Abbess fell on her knees, and prayed with tears to God. Again, being in the open space, before the doors of her church, and alone,
" The Life of St. Aldegonde, also called " St. Matt, xxv. , I to 13.
Aldegondes and Orgonne, was written soon *3 gee Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Lives of after her death. A second Life was com- the Saints," vol. ii. , February xxv. , p. 414. posed a century later, and a third Life, by ' Her death is said to have occurred Jan-
Hucbald, a learned monk of St. Amand's, uary 30th a. d. 660. See Rev. All)an
in 90O4 Butler's
and in
joy
struck her breast "
devoutly, saying,
Lord,
how can this since be,
1 am an unworthy sinner ?
'*
Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and
:
" Have courage,
February 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS 701
looking towards the south, she was dazzled with the most vivid flashes of lightning, while a tremendous roar of thunder was heard. This terrified her
"
spirit. " Suddenly, our Lord Jesus Christ himself, in the shape of a most
so much, that she cried out,
Lord Jesus, into thy hands, I commend my
^^
This is — inferred,
from her term of rule
twelve years over Maubeuge.
'9 Thus, Mirceus, Molanus, Menard, Wion,
s
Ferrarius, the BoUandisls, Saussay, Dor- p. 342, and n. 59, p. 376.
gain, Bucelin, Colgan, Gelenius, Lahicrius,
a very ancient manuscript of St. Richarius,
at Centule, a manuscript Ado, belonging to
the Monastery of St. Laurence, at Leodium.
A manuscript Florarius has January 28th, as
the date for her festival ; while some more
recent Kalendars refer it, to the 15th of in Kilmacduagh Diocese.
March. — Article III.
Colcu, of Cluain Colgan at Athcluna- Meadhraidhe, and Fael, and Sarar, three children of Aedh, son of Aedh, son of Lug- haidh, son of Uaitti, son of Fiachrach, son of Eochaidh Muighraedoin. "—Book of Le- can.
'
The tenor of our subse- quent account should make the present monk that patron saint, whose Acts are given by Colgan, in "Acta Sanctorum Hi- berniae," xx. Februarii. De S. Colgo sive Colgano, Abbate de Kill-Colgan, in Con-
'°
This surname, Draigniche, is Ilib.
and " Be not I will said, afraid,
comely young man, passed by,
This gave her great confidence and courage. One of St. Aldetrude's reli- gious sisters related to St. Dado or Audoen,^5 the bishop, a full account regarding the Life of her Abbess, not doubting but they should have an account of it for Maubeuge Nunnery, as the Abbot Sobnias, or Sobinus, had written a Life of her aunt, St. Aldegunde,'^ for the Monastery of Nivelles. St. Aldetrude departed to bliss, on the 25th of February ;^7 and, the year of her death is said to have been a. d. 676,'^ although the Bollandists seem to think,thatshesurvivedSt. Audeon. ^9 Butthisisbynomeanscertain.
Article III. —Reputed Feast of Cailtan, or Coelten, or Colga,
Monk,atIona,Scotland. Muchuncertaintyprevails,regardingtheiden- tification and festival of Cailtan or Colga ;^ for, some Scotch writers seek to confound the names, which to us seem to be quite distinct. There is a record of this holy man, in the Kalendar of David Camerarius, at the 25th of February,^ and Bishop Forbes has entered, likewise, some particulars, regard- ingCailtanorColga. 3 AccordingtotheascribedTreatiseofSt. ^^ngus,-^Cuil- lenda or Cuilenn wasthe mother of Cailtanus, also called Colgan, Colgius or Colga. His sister was Faillen, and his brothers were Aedh and Sorarius. s Both Camerarius and Dempster observe, that their Cailtan was an abbot f and, although the last-named writer assigns him a festival, at the 13th of March, in his Scottish History,^ yet, neither at that or at the present date is there any mention of him, in the Scottish Menologies. It may be a subject for enquiry, if the present monk were identical with one known as Colgius, or Colgan,^ or Colcu,9 the son of Aid Draigniche/° and who resided in the
other principal Saints," vol. i. , January xxx. 's His feast occurs at the 24th of August,
rectly used in a manuscript copy of Adam- nan for Colgcus.
-
Colgan has an unsupported conjecture, that the feast of Cailtan might have been, at
tlie 25th of July, or at the 2gth of October.
See " Trias Thaumaturga," n. 76, p. 379. "
and he died A. D. 689,
^^ " According to Mirceus'
In Fastis Bel-
gicis," she died A. D. 664.
'7 See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. De
S. Aldetrude Virgine, Abbatissa Maibodii
in Belgio, n. (i), p. 511.
^"
On the Mothers of the Irish Saints. " See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Quarta Vita S. Columbae, lib. i. , cap. xvii. ,
3 gee Kalendars of Scottish Saints," pp. — 235, 294.
nacia, pp. 380, 381. The same writer 'O^^A151l15e, the genitive of "OpAigneAch, observes, that Colcius or Colgius is incor- "blackthorn. "
^
Brunus make him an Abbot in Sutherland.
Dempster states, that the collections of
"
7 gee
Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. iii. , num. 227, p. 163.
9
''
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
^ He was patron, it is said, of Kilcolgan,
guard you. "
702 -LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [February25.
Island of lona, during the time of St. Columba. " He was asked by the saint, on a certain occasion, whether his mother, Ciiillenn," was rehgious or
not. This Colga,'3 who belonged to the Hy Fiachrach tribe,'^ answered, that he had always known his mother to be good, and to have borne such a
character. The saint then the spoke
words
"
following prophetic
return to Scolia,'^ and interrogate your mother closely, regarding her very grievous sin,^*^ which she does not wish to confess to any man. " In obedience to these words, he sailed for Ireland. When Colgu interrogated his mother
closely, though at first denying it, she at last confessed her sin.
Doing penance, according to the judgment'? of the saint, she was absolved,'^ and she wondered very much, at what had been revealed to Columba, regarding her. '9 But Colga, returning to the saint, remained with him for some days.
'* '"
See his feast, at the 9th of June.
^^
This occurrence took place, before Failbhe Flann was King of Munster, and consequently before the death of St. Co-
The Tract, attributed to Saint iliingus
the Culdee, " On the Mothers of the Irish
Saints," supplies the following curious lumba. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum
commentary on this passage : CuiileAtro iriACAi-p choLc<Mi mec <\ex»A ocu]" trxxilnToi A fechAiv 1 c^\X ColjAn ic At cLmc nie-o- l\ATOi, ut dicitur :
Cint-LetTO TnAc;Ai)\ CotjAn caiii CocbAX) 1 nnng Uillenn eA-o
La V'^'^iLbe 5A11 chAifeA-o cuiL •Oo U1T0 1 CAi^^el A^x eel.
Hibernice," xx. Februarii, n! 4, p. 381.
'7 The word used is "judicalionem," for the judicial decision of the saint. The Bol-
* Cuillenn was mother of Colga, son of Mabillon, " Musieum Italicum," vol. i. , p.
and of Failinn his sister, in Cill "Deum acmisericor- Aedh, 395. omnipotentem,
Colgan, at Ath-cliath-Medraidhi, tct dicitur :
Cuillenn the mother of Colga the chaste
Was reared at Magh Ulien for a time
By Failbhe, without charge of guilt : She went to Cashel straying. '
This Failbhe Flann was King of Munster,
and he died A. D. 637, having reigned four- "
dem qui non vult mortem peccatorum, sed ut convertantur et vivant, fratres carissimi deprecemur, ut ad veniam rectam famulus luus [111. i. e. , N. N. ], misericordix veniam propiciatus indulgeat, si qua sunt culparum suarum omnium vulnera quce post sacri lavacri undam contraxit, ita in hac publica confessione delicta sanentur, ut nulla cica- tricum signa remaneant. Per Dominum
teen years. See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum nostrum Jesum Christum. " In a very Iliberniae," xx. Februarii, p. 381. Two ancient Irish poem, on the duties of the
lines of the above stanza are incorrectly translated.
*3 The great-grandfather of Colga is said to have been Lughaidh, brother to OilioU
*' "
abbot of a church," the same word is used.
Molt, King of Ireland, who died A. D. 483. deeds. " The ministry of the priest, in re-
This Lughaidh is said to have been son to Dathi, King of Ireland, who died A. D. 428.
conciling the penitent, is ahso, as in that poem, called by St Adamnan " a judgment. " '9 The rite of absolution varied in form, but was alw ays substantially the same. 'Ihe scended ; and Fiachra was son to Eochaidh words used still by the Greek Church, in
Muighmheadhoin, who died King of Ire- absolving the penitent, are in the form of
"
land A. D. 365, and brother to Niall of the prayer, and are called by divines
INine Hostages, who died King of Ireland toria. " A similar form was used in the
The latter was son to Fiachra Follsnaihach, from whom the Ui Fiachrach family de-
A. D. 405.
•* The tJi i:iAch|\Ach was a tribe, inhabit-
ing an extensive tract of country, in the modern counties of Galway and Mayo. See O'Donovan's "Tribes and Customs of Hy Fiachrach," and the admirable map prefixed to this work.
Latin Church, down to the twelfth century, according to many Catholic divines. The sacramental form of absolution, by the insti- tution of Jesus Christ and the nature of the sacrament, is certainly a judicial act. But, our Lord did not determine, whether in that judgment the indicative or deprecatorial
'5
That is,
" ad
Hiberniam,"
as shown in
sentence
should
be He left that to be used.
the next sentence. See Rev. William fixed by the Church. See Chardon's "llis-
*'
Reeves' Adamnan's n. (c), p. 46.
Life of St. Columba," toire des Sacraments. " Penitence, sect, iv. , part iv. , chap, i. . Absolution. "Hodie
landist's copy reads
"
indicationem," but in-
correctly, as the same word occurs in similar
circumstances.
''^
The word in the original is "sanata. " In "the prayer over the penitent," in St. Columbanus's Missal, at the end of the peni- tential canons, the same word is used. See
It is thine to heal all the hosts, be they lowly or great ; thine to judge each, accord- ing to his station in life, and according to his
:
Quickly
depreca-
February 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 703
Then asking about his own fortunes, he received this answer from Columba : " In your own country, which you love, you shall be head^° over a certain church^^ for many years, and when at length you see your butler^' playing for a company of friends at supper, and twisting the tap,=3 in a circle round his neck,24 know that you sliall soon die. " This same prophecy of the holy man was exactly fulfilled, as it had been foretold to Colga. St. Columba's early biographer, AdamnaUj^s does not forget to relate another anecdote re- garding him. ^^ This same Colgius, son to Aedh Draigniche, witnessed one night a wonderful apparition.
While others were sleeping, he went to the church door, and beheld within a celestial light, which surrounded the wiiole ambit. This fell upon St. Columba, as he prayed thtre, at that late hour. But, soon was Colgius warned of his temerity, for suddenly the church was wrapt in total obscurity. In great fear, he returned to the monastery. Next day, Columba took him to task and warned him, not to enquire too curiously into matters, which were too deep for him, and told him, moreover, that he should not be able to endure the effulgence of celestial light. At the same time, Colgius was dismissed, with a command, that he should not divulge what had happened, so long as Columba was living. According to Colgan, the disciple, Colgo, or Colgcus, spent many years with St. Columba, in the Island of lona, although it appears he afterwards went to Ireland, where he became rector or abbot over a church. Probably after him, this was called Kill-Colgan. It is now a parish, in the barony of Dunkellin, and county of Galway. ==7 H^ lived, it is thought, about a. d. 580. ^2 From circumstances recorded already, and from these which follow, this abbot can hardly be re- cognised, as that monk Cailtan, who in the time of St. Columba lived in a cell, near the lake of the River Aba,^9 supposed to have been the Awe,3° in Argyle. 3^ Or, Lochavich, formerly Loch-Afify, a smaller lake, lying to the north-west, may be here intended. Yet, another identification has been
certum est et de fide debitam formam esse
formam indicativam, ut declaravit Tridenti-
num," sess. 14, cap. 3. See St. Alphonsus "
Ligouri's Theologia Moralis," lib. vi. ,
domestic utensils of the early Irish. See Rev. William Reeves' Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba," n. (g), p. 47.
^5 See his Life, at the 231-d of September, ^^ See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's
" Life of St. Columba," lib. i. , cap. 17, and lib. iii,, cap. 20, pp. 45 to 47, and 225, with accompanying notes,
^^ Its boundaries, islands included, are shown on the " Ordnance Survey Townland
tract iv. De Poenitentia, n. cap. i. ,
430.
'° The Latin word used here is "prima-
rius. "
^^
From Colga the parish church of Kil-
colgan, and from his sister Faoilenn the ad-
joining parish of Killealy, both in the diocese
of Kilmacduagh, which was co-extensive with the civil territory of Ui Fiachrach
Maps for the County of Galway," Sheets 103, 104, 113. The townland proper is to be seen on Sheet 103.
Aidhne, derive their names respectively.
They are situated in the county of Galway,
and south-east of the town of Galway. Scottish Saints," p. 294. Also Colgan's The territory of Meadhraighe (pronounced "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," xx. Feb- Madree), to which these parishes formerly ruarii. De vS. Colgo sive Colgano, Abbate belonged, does not now extend so far to the de Kill-Colgan, in Connacia, cap. iv. , p. S. E. , but it is confined to the parish of 381.
Ballynacourty. =9 Dr. Smith understands this of Lochava ^^ "
Probably the same as the monastic or Lochow. See Lile of St. Columba,"
officer, called a'/Zar/'/^j-, in the Lives of several Irish Saints.
Appendix, p. 151.
30 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's
**
=3
mead or wine was drawn.
Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xi. , sect,
Probably a leather tube, in which the
=4 The meaning of this obscure passage
seems to be : when you see your butler
making merry at a supper of his friends, and twirling the ladle round in the strainer, etc. The difficulty of interpretation arises from our imperfect knowledge, concerning the
xv,, p. 1 72.
3' a charter of King Robert Bruce, circa
1322, grants to Roderic, son of Alan, the lands of Z<? «c7/a^j/, in Argyle. See "Ori- gines Parochiales Scotioe," vol. ii. , part i. ,
p. 104.
^^- TliQ "Annals of Ulster," at A. D. 675,
^^
See Bishop Forbes'
*'
Kalendars of
704 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 25.
suggestedforLochAba. ^^ Thereisalake,inMull,calledLochBa,atthe north-west end of which there is an old burial-ground, on the lands of Knock, called Kill-Martin ; and, the style of the succeeding narrative seems to indi- cateanearerpositiontoHythanLoughAwe. St. Columbasenttwoofhis religious to the monk Cailtan,33 who presided in the cell of his brother Diunus,34afterwhomithadbeencalled,inthetimeofAdamnan. Itsposi- tionisnowunknown. ThemarklandofKilmun,lyingnearLochavich,is the only place, in that quarter, which bears a name at all resembling the Cill Diuni of St. Columba's age. 35 The neighbouring church of Kilchrenan, formerly called Kildachmanan, and the church of St. Peter, the Deacon, of Loch Aw, have divided the opinions of Scottish antiquarians. 36 St. Columba desired Cailtan, through the messengers, to repair with great haste to him. Understanding the saint's pleasure, Cailtan came speedily to lona, in company with the monks that went for him to Celldiunus. 37 When the saint saw Cailtan, he spoke in the manner following : —" O Cailtan, you have done
very well, in hastening to me so obediently ; rest you a litde. Loving you as a friend, I invited you to come, that you might finish the course of your mortal life here, under my care, and in true obedience. Before this week comes to an end, you shall render your soul in peace to God. " Then Cailtan, giving thanks to the Almighty, kissed Saint Columba, with tears in his eyes. Receiving his benediction, Cailtan went to the guest-room and fell sick that night. 3^ Notwithstanding the foregoing account, and his own references, Dempster states, that he flourished a. d. 606. 39 Cailtan de-
parted, on the seventh day, to a better life. 4° It is observed, that the """ "
form, Caol," Cail,'' or Coel," in Irish, has the meaning of thin," or
"
lean," in English, and that by usage it passed into a proper name : it also has two distinct derivatives, Caolan, Cailan, or Coelan, and Cailten or Coelten, which are diminutives in the foregoing sense. But, Colgan is not able to find the place of this Cailtan, in our Irish Calendars. -^^
Article IV. —Festival of St. Burchard, Bishop of Wurtzburg,
Germany. [Eighth Century. '] Galesinus, Wion and Bucelin are quoted by the Bollandists^ for a festival of St. Buchard, Bishop of Wurtzburg, at the 25 th of February. His feast is said to have been celebrated in this city, on
have the entry : Miilti Pictores dimersi stmt i Slaind Abac. This may have reference to the lake mentioned in the text. Its identi- fication, however, like much of Scotland's ancient topography, owing to the total absence of ancient Gaelic records, is subject as yet to painful uncertainty. See Rev. William Reeves' Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba," n. (1)), p. 60.
33 In his usual absurd manner, Dempster
has him down, as the author of a Book of "
Diuni of Adamnan's text.
37 Dr. Lanigan thinks, that Diuni was the
immediate successor of his brotlier, Cailtan, at this place. See " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xi. , sect, xv. , n. 176, p. 174.
Meditations. See Historia Ecclesiastica
Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. iii. , num. p. 163.
277, p. 163.
3* In his Appendix to " The Life of St.
Columba," Smith enumerates, as among his
See
p. 157-
35 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's
40 tjee Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life of St. Columba," lib. i,, cap. 31, pp. 60, 61.
i, 2, 3, p. 597. —Ibid.
and " St. Cailten contemporaries,
^i See "Trias
Vita S. Columba, lib. i. , cap. xxxi. , n. 76,
disciples
of Kill-Diun or Dimha, at Loch-ava. "
'
Thaumaturga. " Quarta p. 379. Also, Sexta Vita S. Brigidoe, nn.
"Life of St. Columba," n, (b), p. 60. 3** "
'
See Origines Parochiales Scotioe," vol. ii,, parti. , p. 120. Rev. Dr. Reeves thinks, it may have its origin in the Cella
3« See the- account of these transactions in Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. " O'Don- nell's or Vita Quinta S. Columbze, lib. ii. , cap. xliv. , p. 417.
39 See " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i,, lib. iii,, num. 277,
Article iv.
tomus iii. , Februarii xxv. Among the pre- termitted saints, p. 486.
See "Acta
Sanctorum,"
February 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 705
the Thursday after the festival of Saints Dionysius, Rusticius and Eleutherius. At the 14th of October, his Acts are more fully given by the Bollandists. ^ At the same date, the reader is referred to our Life of him. Dempster3 commemorates, at the 25th of February, the Elevation of St. Kilian's Re- mainSj-^ with those of his companions, by Bishop Burchard at Herbipolis. s According to Dempster, the latter died on the 2nd day of February, a.
guardianship, and I shall bring to naught the efforts of the old enemy. " Again looking, the nun saw a honey-comb on the lips of her Abbess, and a ladder was near, by which she endeavoured to ascend towards heaven. The relation of this vision gave great comfort to Aldetrude's religious community. Another nun heard one Sunday night the sound. of men's voices speaking to the Abbess, whose hand she held in the courtyard of the nunnery. Yet could she see no person. But venturing to ask her superioress, what she had
With a benignant smile, the Apostle was heard to exclaim
amiable virgin, for I shall have thee and thy servants under my constant
"
shalt be wedded to an eternal king. " Aldetrude then fell upon her knees,
learned, the latter said,
I heard them say : because thou art a queen, thou
"
Another time, eagles were seen flying towards
heaven and bearing thither, as it were, St. Aldetrude and her prayers. Yet,
she had some doubts regarding their efficacy, and respecting her own merits ; but, she was re-assured in a nocturnal vision, when she saw a large and a bright crystal globe fly before her and towards the East. A few days, after- wards, a holy priest told her, that on the night of the Epiphany, he beheld a venerable long-haired man, coming as an Eastern King, with three wands, bearing flowers, in his hand. These he presented to Aldetrude, saying, " Thou shalt rule them with a wand, and they shall grow in her hand to the clouds. " The holy Abbess fell on her knees, and prayed with tears to God. Again, being in the open space, before the doors of her church, and alone,
" The Life of St. Aldegonde, also called " St. Matt, xxv. , I to 13.
Aldegondes and Orgonne, was written soon *3 gee Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Lives of after her death. A second Life was com- the Saints," vol. ii. , February xxv. , p. 414. posed a century later, and a third Life, by ' Her death is said to have occurred Jan-
Hucbald, a learned monk of St. Amand's, uary 30th a. d. 660. See Rev. All)an
in 90O4 Butler's
and in
joy
struck her breast "
devoutly, saying,
Lord,
how can this since be,
1 am an unworthy sinner ?
'*
Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and
:
" Have courage,
February 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS 701
looking towards the south, she was dazzled with the most vivid flashes of lightning, while a tremendous roar of thunder was heard. This terrified her
"
spirit. " Suddenly, our Lord Jesus Christ himself, in the shape of a most
so much, that she cried out,
Lord Jesus, into thy hands, I commend my
^^
This is — inferred,
from her term of rule
twelve years over Maubeuge.
'9 Thus, Mirceus, Molanus, Menard, Wion,
s
Ferrarius, the BoUandisls, Saussay, Dor- p. 342, and n. 59, p. 376.
gain, Bucelin, Colgan, Gelenius, Lahicrius,
a very ancient manuscript of St. Richarius,
at Centule, a manuscript Ado, belonging to
the Monastery of St. Laurence, at Leodium.
A manuscript Florarius has January 28th, as
the date for her festival ; while some more
recent Kalendars refer it, to the 15th of in Kilmacduagh Diocese.
March. — Article III.
Colcu, of Cluain Colgan at Athcluna- Meadhraidhe, and Fael, and Sarar, three children of Aedh, son of Aedh, son of Lug- haidh, son of Uaitti, son of Fiachrach, son of Eochaidh Muighraedoin. "—Book of Le- can.
'
The tenor of our subse- quent account should make the present monk that patron saint, whose Acts are given by Colgan, in "Acta Sanctorum Hi- berniae," xx. Februarii. De S. Colgo sive Colgano, Abbate de Kill-Colgan, in Con-
'°
This surname, Draigniche, is Ilib.
and " Be not I will said, afraid,
comely young man, passed by,
This gave her great confidence and courage. One of St. Aldetrude's reli- gious sisters related to St. Dado or Audoen,^5 the bishop, a full account regarding the Life of her Abbess, not doubting but they should have an account of it for Maubeuge Nunnery, as the Abbot Sobnias, or Sobinus, had written a Life of her aunt, St. Aldegunde,'^ for the Monastery of Nivelles. St. Aldetrude departed to bliss, on the 25th of February ;^7 and, the year of her death is said to have been a. d. 676,'^ although the Bollandists seem to think,thatshesurvivedSt. Audeon. ^9 Butthisisbynomeanscertain.
Article III. —Reputed Feast of Cailtan, or Coelten, or Colga,
Monk,atIona,Scotland. Muchuncertaintyprevails,regardingtheiden- tification and festival of Cailtan or Colga ;^ for, some Scotch writers seek to confound the names, which to us seem to be quite distinct. There is a record of this holy man, in the Kalendar of David Camerarius, at the 25th of February,^ and Bishop Forbes has entered, likewise, some particulars, regard- ingCailtanorColga. 3 AccordingtotheascribedTreatiseofSt. ^^ngus,-^Cuil- lenda or Cuilenn wasthe mother of Cailtanus, also called Colgan, Colgius or Colga. His sister was Faillen, and his brothers were Aedh and Sorarius. s Both Camerarius and Dempster observe, that their Cailtan was an abbot f and, although the last-named writer assigns him a festival, at the 13th of March, in his Scottish History,^ yet, neither at that or at the present date is there any mention of him, in the Scottish Menologies. It may be a subject for enquiry, if the present monk were identical with one known as Colgius, or Colgan,^ or Colcu,9 the son of Aid Draigniche/° and who resided in the
other principal Saints," vol. i. , January xxx. 's His feast occurs at the 24th of August,
rectly used in a manuscript copy of Adam- nan for Colgcus.
-
Colgan has an unsupported conjecture, that the feast of Cailtan might have been, at
tlie 25th of July, or at the 2gth of October.
See " Trias Thaumaturga," n. 76, p. 379. "
and he died A. D. 689,
^^ " According to Mirceus'
In Fastis Bel-
gicis," she died A. D. 664.
'7 See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. De
S. Aldetrude Virgine, Abbatissa Maibodii
in Belgio, n. (i), p. 511.
^"
On the Mothers of the Irish Saints. " See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Quarta Vita S. Columbae, lib. i. , cap. xvii. ,
3 gee Kalendars of Scottish Saints," pp. — 235, 294.
nacia, pp. 380, 381. The same writer 'O^^A151l15e, the genitive of "OpAigneAch, observes, that Colcius or Colgius is incor- "blackthorn. "
^
Brunus make him an Abbot in Sutherland.
Dempster states, that the collections of
"
7 gee
Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. iii. , num. 227, p. 163.
9
''
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
^ He was patron, it is said, of Kilcolgan,
guard you. "
702 -LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [February25.
Island of lona, during the time of St. Columba. " He was asked by the saint, on a certain occasion, whether his mother, Ciiillenn," was rehgious or
not. This Colga,'3 who belonged to the Hy Fiachrach tribe,'^ answered, that he had always known his mother to be good, and to have borne such a
character. The saint then the spoke
words
"
following prophetic
return to Scolia,'^ and interrogate your mother closely, regarding her very grievous sin,^*^ which she does not wish to confess to any man. " In obedience to these words, he sailed for Ireland. When Colgu interrogated his mother
closely, though at first denying it, she at last confessed her sin.
Doing penance, according to the judgment'? of the saint, she was absolved,'^ and she wondered very much, at what had been revealed to Columba, regarding her. '9 But Colga, returning to the saint, remained with him for some days.
'* '"
See his feast, at the 9th of June.
^^
This occurrence took place, before Failbhe Flann was King of Munster, and consequently before the death of St. Co-
The Tract, attributed to Saint iliingus
the Culdee, " On the Mothers of the Irish
Saints," supplies the following curious lumba. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum
commentary on this passage : CuiileAtro iriACAi-p choLc<Mi mec <\ex»A ocu]" trxxilnToi A fechAiv 1 c^\X ColjAn ic At cLmc nie-o- l\ATOi, ut dicitur :
Cint-LetTO TnAc;Ai)\ CotjAn caiii CocbAX) 1 nnng Uillenn eA-o
La V'^'^iLbe 5A11 chAifeA-o cuiL •Oo U1T0 1 CAi^^el A^x eel.
Hibernice," xx. Februarii, n! 4, p. 381.
'7 The word used is "judicalionem," for the judicial decision of the saint. The Bol-
* Cuillenn was mother of Colga, son of Mabillon, " Musieum Italicum," vol. i. , p.
and of Failinn his sister, in Cill "Deum acmisericor- Aedh, 395. omnipotentem,
Colgan, at Ath-cliath-Medraidhi, tct dicitur :
Cuillenn the mother of Colga the chaste
Was reared at Magh Ulien for a time
By Failbhe, without charge of guilt : She went to Cashel straying. '
This Failbhe Flann was King of Munster,
and he died A. D. 637, having reigned four- "
dem qui non vult mortem peccatorum, sed ut convertantur et vivant, fratres carissimi deprecemur, ut ad veniam rectam famulus luus [111. i. e. , N. N. ], misericordix veniam propiciatus indulgeat, si qua sunt culparum suarum omnium vulnera quce post sacri lavacri undam contraxit, ita in hac publica confessione delicta sanentur, ut nulla cica- tricum signa remaneant. Per Dominum
teen years. See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum nostrum Jesum Christum. " In a very Iliberniae," xx. Februarii, p. 381. Two ancient Irish poem, on the duties of the
lines of the above stanza are incorrectly translated.
*3 The great-grandfather of Colga is said to have been Lughaidh, brother to OilioU
*' "
abbot of a church," the same word is used.
Molt, King of Ireland, who died A. D. 483. deeds. " The ministry of the priest, in re-
This Lughaidh is said to have been son to Dathi, King of Ireland, who died A. D. 428.
conciling the penitent, is ahso, as in that poem, called by St Adamnan " a judgment. " '9 The rite of absolution varied in form, but was alw ays substantially the same. 'Ihe scended ; and Fiachra was son to Eochaidh words used still by the Greek Church, in
Muighmheadhoin, who died King of Ire- absolving the penitent, are in the form of
"
land A. D. 365, and brother to Niall of the prayer, and are called by divines
INine Hostages, who died King of Ireland toria. " A similar form was used in the
The latter was son to Fiachra Follsnaihach, from whom the Ui Fiachrach family de-
A. D. 405.
•* The tJi i:iAch|\Ach was a tribe, inhabit-
ing an extensive tract of country, in the modern counties of Galway and Mayo. See O'Donovan's "Tribes and Customs of Hy Fiachrach," and the admirable map prefixed to this work.
Latin Church, down to the twelfth century, according to many Catholic divines. The sacramental form of absolution, by the insti- tution of Jesus Christ and the nature of the sacrament, is certainly a judicial act. But, our Lord did not determine, whether in that judgment the indicative or deprecatorial
'5
That is,
" ad
Hiberniam,"
as shown in
sentence
should
be He left that to be used.
the next sentence. See Rev. William fixed by the Church. See Chardon's "llis-
*'
Reeves' Adamnan's n. (c), p. 46.
Life of St. Columba," toire des Sacraments. " Penitence, sect, iv. , part iv. , chap, i. . Absolution. "Hodie
landist's copy reads
"
indicationem," but in-
correctly, as the same word occurs in similar
circumstances.
''^
The word in the original is "sanata. " In "the prayer over the penitent," in St. Columbanus's Missal, at the end of the peni- tential canons, the same word is used. See
It is thine to heal all the hosts, be they lowly or great ; thine to judge each, accord- ing to his station in life, and according to his
:
Quickly
depreca-
February 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 703
Then asking about his own fortunes, he received this answer from Columba : " In your own country, which you love, you shall be head^° over a certain church^^ for many years, and when at length you see your butler^' playing for a company of friends at supper, and twisting the tap,=3 in a circle round his neck,24 know that you sliall soon die. " This same prophecy of the holy man was exactly fulfilled, as it had been foretold to Colga. St. Columba's early biographer, AdamnaUj^s does not forget to relate another anecdote re- garding him. ^^ This same Colgius, son to Aedh Draigniche, witnessed one night a wonderful apparition.
While others were sleeping, he went to the church door, and beheld within a celestial light, which surrounded the wiiole ambit. This fell upon St. Columba, as he prayed thtre, at that late hour. But, soon was Colgius warned of his temerity, for suddenly the church was wrapt in total obscurity. In great fear, he returned to the monastery. Next day, Columba took him to task and warned him, not to enquire too curiously into matters, which were too deep for him, and told him, moreover, that he should not be able to endure the effulgence of celestial light. At the same time, Colgius was dismissed, with a command, that he should not divulge what had happened, so long as Columba was living. According to Colgan, the disciple, Colgo, or Colgcus, spent many years with St. Columba, in the Island of lona, although it appears he afterwards went to Ireland, where he became rector or abbot over a church. Probably after him, this was called Kill-Colgan. It is now a parish, in the barony of Dunkellin, and county of Galway. ==7 H^ lived, it is thought, about a. d. 580. ^2 From circumstances recorded already, and from these which follow, this abbot can hardly be re- cognised, as that monk Cailtan, who in the time of St. Columba lived in a cell, near the lake of the River Aba,^9 supposed to have been the Awe,3° in Argyle. 3^ Or, Lochavich, formerly Loch-Afify, a smaller lake, lying to the north-west, may be here intended. Yet, another identification has been
certum est et de fide debitam formam esse
formam indicativam, ut declaravit Tridenti-
num," sess. 14, cap. 3. See St. Alphonsus "
Ligouri's Theologia Moralis," lib. vi. ,
domestic utensils of the early Irish. See Rev. William Reeves' Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba," n. (g), p. 47.
^5 See his Life, at the 231-d of September, ^^ See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's
" Life of St. Columba," lib. i. , cap. 17, and lib. iii,, cap. 20, pp. 45 to 47, and 225, with accompanying notes,
^^ Its boundaries, islands included, are shown on the " Ordnance Survey Townland
tract iv. De Poenitentia, n. cap. i. ,
430.
'° The Latin word used here is "prima-
rius. "
^^
From Colga the parish church of Kil-
colgan, and from his sister Faoilenn the ad-
joining parish of Killealy, both in the diocese
of Kilmacduagh, which was co-extensive with the civil territory of Ui Fiachrach
Maps for the County of Galway," Sheets 103, 104, 113. The townland proper is to be seen on Sheet 103.
Aidhne, derive their names respectively.
They are situated in the county of Galway,
and south-east of the town of Galway. Scottish Saints," p. 294. Also Colgan's The territory of Meadhraighe (pronounced "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," xx. Feb- Madree), to which these parishes formerly ruarii. De vS. Colgo sive Colgano, Abbate belonged, does not now extend so far to the de Kill-Colgan, in Connacia, cap. iv. , p. S. E. , but it is confined to the parish of 381.
Ballynacourty. =9 Dr. Smith understands this of Lochava ^^ "
Probably the same as the monastic or Lochow. See Lile of St. Columba,"
officer, called a'/Zar/'/^j-, in the Lives of several Irish Saints.
Appendix, p. 151.
30 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's
**
=3
mead or wine was drawn.
Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xi. , sect,
Probably a leather tube, in which the
=4 The meaning of this obscure passage
seems to be : when you see your butler
making merry at a supper of his friends, and twirling the ladle round in the strainer, etc. The difficulty of interpretation arises from our imperfect knowledge, concerning the
xv,, p. 1 72.
3' a charter of King Robert Bruce, circa
1322, grants to Roderic, son of Alan, the lands of Z<? «c7/a^j/, in Argyle. See "Ori- gines Parochiales Scotioe," vol. ii. , part i. ,
p. 104.
^^- TliQ "Annals of Ulster," at A. D. 675,
^^
See Bishop Forbes'
*'
Kalendars of
704 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 25.
suggestedforLochAba. ^^ Thereisalake,inMull,calledLochBa,atthe north-west end of which there is an old burial-ground, on the lands of Knock, called Kill-Martin ; and, the style of the succeeding narrative seems to indi- cateanearerpositiontoHythanLoughAwe. St. Columbasenttwoofhis religious to the monk Cailtan,33 who presided in the cell of his brother Diunus,34afterwhomithadbeencalled,inthetimeofAdamnan. Itsposi- tionisnowunknown. ThemarklandofKilmun,lyingnearLochavich,is the only place, in that quarter, which bears a name at all resembling the Cill Diuni of St. Columba's age. 35 The neighbouring church of Kilchrenan, formerly called Kildachmanan, and the church of St. Peter, the Deacon, of Loch Aw, have divided the opinions of Scottish antiquarians. 36 St. Columba desired Cailtan, through the messengers, to repair with great haste to him. Understanding the saint's pleasure, Cailtan came speedily to lona, in company with the monks that went for him to Celldiunus. 37 When the saint saw Cailtan, he spoke in the manner following : —" O Cailtan, you have done
very well, in hastening to me so obediently ; rest you a litde. Loving you as a friend, I invited you to come, that you might finish the course of your mortal life here, under my care, and in true obedience. Before this week comes to an end, you shall render your soul in peace to God. " Then Cailtan, giving thanks to the Almighty, kissed Saint Columba, with tears in his eyes. Receiving his benediction, Cailtan went to the guest-room and fell sick that night. 3^ Notwithstanding the foregoing account, and his own references, Dempster states, that he flourished a. d. 606. 39 Cailtan de-
parted, on the seventh day, to a better life. 4° It is observed, that the """ "
form, Caol," Cail,'' or Coel," in Irish, has the meaning of thin," or
"
lean," in English, and that by usage it passed into a proper name : it also has two distinct derivatives, Caolan, Cailan, or Coelan, and Cailten or Coelten, which are diminutives in the foregoing sense. But, Colgan is not able to find the place of this Cailtan, in our Irish Calendars. -^^
Article IV. —Festival of St. Burchard, Bishop of Wurtzburg,
Germany. [Eighth Century. '] Galesinus, Wion and Bucelin are quoted by the Bollandists^ for a festival of St. Buchard, Bishop of Wurtzburg, at the 25 th of February. His feast is said to have been celebrated in this city, on
have the entry : Miilti Pictores dimersi stmt i Slaind Abac. This may have reference to the lake mentioned in the text. Its identi- fication, however, like much of Scotland's ancient topography, owing to the total absence of ancient Gaelic records, is subject as yet to painful uncertainty. See Rev. William Reeves' Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba," n. (1)), p. 60.
33 In his usual absurd manner, Dempster
has him down, as the author of a Book of "
Diuni of Adamnan's text.
37 Dr. Lanigan thinks, that Diuni was the
immediate successor of his brotlier, Cailtan, at this place. See " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xi. , sect, xv. , n. 176, p. 174.
Meditations. See Historia Ecclesiastica
Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. iii. , num. p. 163.
277, p. 163.
3* In his Appendix to " The Life of St.
Columba," Smith enumerates, as among his
See
p. 157-
35 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's
40 tjee Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life of St. Columba," lib. i,, cap. 31, pp. 60, 61.
i, 2, 3, p. 597. —Ibid.
and " St. Cailten contemporaries,
^i See "Trias
Vita S. Columba, lib. i. , cap. xxxi. , n. 76,
disciples
of Kill-Diun or Dimha, at Loch-ava. "
'
Thaumaturga. " Quarta p. 379. Also, Sexta Vita S. Brigidoe, nn.
"Life of St. Columba," n, (b), p. 60. 3** "
'
See Origines Parochiales Scotioe," vol. ii,, parti. , p. 120. Rev. Dr. Reeves thinks, it may have its origin in the Cella
3« See the- account of these transactions in Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. " O'Don- nell's or Vita Quinta S. Columbze, lib. ii. , cap. xliv. , p. 417.
39 See " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i,, lib. iii,, num. 277,
Article iv.
tomus iii. , Februarii xxv. Among the pre- termitted saints, p. 486.
See "Acta
Sanctorum,"
February 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 705
the Thursday after the festival of Saints Dionysius, Rusticius and Eleutherius. At the 14th of October, his Acts are more fully given by the Bollandists. ^ At the same date, the reader is referred to our Life of him. Dempster3 commemorates, at the 25th of February, the Elevation of St. Kilian's Re- mainSj-^ with those of his companions, by Bishop Burchard at Herbipolis. s According to Dempster, the latter died on the 2nd day of February, a.
