No More Learning

Did not the Princess Royal
hold out her hand the other day to the House of Commons ?
and does any one think the worse of her for it? We are all,
in measure, beggars; but Beppo, in the large style of kings and
robber-barons, asks for his baiocco, and like the merchant-princes,
keeps his bank. I see dukes and noble guards in shining hel-
mets, spurs, and gigantic boots, ride daily through the streets on
horseback, and hurry to their palaces; but Beppo, erectly mounted


## p. 14059 (#245) ##########################################

WILLIAM WETMORE STORY
14059
on his donkey, in his short jacket (for he disdains the tailored
skirts of a fashionable coat, though at times over his broad
shoulders a great blue cloak is grandly thrown, after the man.
ner of the ancient emperors), is far more impressive, far more
princely, as he slowly and majestically moves at nightfall towards
his august abode. The shadows close around him as he passes
along; salutations greet him from the damp shops; and darkness
at last swallows up for a time the great square torso of the
"King of the Beggars. "
Such is Beppo as he appears on the public 'change. His pri-
vate life is involved somewhat in obscurity; but glimpses have
been had of him which indicate a grand spirit of hospitality, and
condescension not unworthy of the best days of his ancestors, the
barons of the Middle Ages. Innominato, a short time since, was
passing late at night along the district of the Monti, when his
attention was attracted by an unusual noise and merry-making
in one of its mean little osterie or bettole. The door was ajar;
and peeping in, he beheld a gallant company of roisterers of the
same profession as Beppo, with porters, and gentlemen celebrated
for lifting in other ways. They were gathered round a table,
drinking merrily; and mounted in the centre of it, with his with-
ered legs crooked under him, sat Baron Beppo, the high-priest of
the festive rites. It was his banquet; and he had been strictly
Scriptural in his invitations to all classes from the street. He
was the Amphitryon who defrayed the cost of the wine, and ac-
knowledged with a smile and a cheerful word the toasts of his
guests; and when Innominato saw him, he was as glorious” as
Tam O'Shanter. He was not under the table, simply because he
was on it; and he had not lost his equilibrium, solely because
he rested upon so broad a base. Planted like an oak, his legs
figuring the roots, there he sat, while the jolly band of beggars
and rascals were “rousing the night-owl with a catch," and the
blood of the vine was freely flowing in their cups. The conver-
sation was very idiomatic and gay, if not aristocratic, and Beppo's
tongue wagged with the best. It was a most cheering spectacle.
The old barons used to sit above the salt, but Baron Beppo sat
higher yet,- or rather, he reminded one of classic days, as,
mounted there like a Bacchic Torso, he presided over the noisy
rout of Silenus,
Beppo has, however, fallen lately into disgrace. His break-
fast had perhaps disagreed with him, perhaps he had “roused
(
>


## p. 14060 (#246) ##########################################

14060
WILLIAM WETMORE STORY
(
the night-owl” too late on the previous night, and perhaps his
nerves were irritated by a bad “scirocco”; but certain it is that
one unfortunate morning an English lady to whom he applied
for qualche cosa” made some jocosely intended answer, to the
effect that he was as rich as she, and alluded, it is said, to the
dowry he had given his daughter; whereupon it became suddenly
“cattivo giorno” with Beppo, and he suffered himself to threaten
her, and even, as some accounts go, to throw stones; and the
lady having reported him to the authorities, Beppo went into
forced retirement for a time. I was inade aware of this one day
by finding his bank occupied by a new figure and face. Aston-
ished at the audacity of this interloper, I stopped and said, “And
Beppo, where is he? The jolly beggar then informed me, in a
very high and rather exulting voice (I am sorry to say), begin-
ning with a sharp and prolonged eh-e-e-e-h, that the police
had laid violent hands on Beppo, because he had maltreated an
English lady, and that he ought to have known better, but
come si fa”; and that for the present he was at San Michele.
Beppo having repented, and it is to be hoped amended, during
his sojourn in that holy hospice, has now again made his appear-
ance in the world. But during his absence the government has
passed a new and salutary law, by which beggars are forbidden
publicly to practice their profession, except upon the steps of
the churches. There they may sit and extend their hand, and
ask charity from those who are going to their prayers; but they
may no longer annoy the public, and especially strangers in the
street. Beppo, therefore, keeps no more his bank on the steps
of the Piazza di Spagna; but has removed it to those of the
church of St. Agostino, where, at least for the present, he is
open to the “receipt of custom. ”
The words of the previous sentence are now, alas! no longer
true. Since they were written and printed last, Beppo has passed
away from among the living to join the great company, among
which Lazarus is not the least. Vainly the eye of the stranger
will seek him on the steps of the Piazza di Spagna, or on those
of St. Agostino. The familiar figure has gone.
The places
which have known him will know him no more; and of the large
and noble company of mendicants at Rome, there is not one left
who could fitly wear the mantle that has fallen from his shoul.
ders.


## p. 14061 (#247) ##########################################

WILLIAM WETMORE STORY
14061
SPRING IN ROME
From Roba di Roma. Copyright 1887, by William W. Story. Published by
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
SI
PRING has come. The nightingales already begin to bubble
into
song
under the Ludovisi ilexes and in the Barberini
Gardens. Daisies have snowed all over the Campagna, peri-
winkles star the grass, crocuses and anemones impurple the
spaces between the rows of springing grain along the still brown
slopes. At every turn in the streets basketfuls of sweet-scented
Parma violets are offered you by little girls and boys; and at the
corner of the Condotti and Corso is a splendid show of camellias,
set into beds of double violets, and sold for a song. Now and
then one meets huge baskets filled with these delicious violets
on their way to the confectioners and caffès, where they will
be made into sirup; for the Italians are very fond of this bibita,
and prize it not only for its flavor, but for its medicinal qualities.
Violets seem to rain over the villas in spring; acres are purple
with them, and the air all around is sweet with their fragrance.
Every day scores of carriages are driving about the Borghese
grounds, which are open to the public: and hundreds of children
are running about, plucking fowers and playing on the lovely
slopes and in the shadows of the noble trees; while their parents
stroll at a distance and wait for them in the shady avenues.
There too you will see the young priests of the various semi-
naries, with their robes tucked up, playing at ball, and amusing
themselves at various sports.
If one drives out at any of
the gates he will see that spring is come. The hedges are put-
ting forth their leaves, the almond-trees are in full blossom, and
in the vineyards the contadini are setting cane-poles, and trimming
the vines to run upon them. Here and there along the slopes the
rude antique plow, dragged heavily along by great gray oxen,
turns up the rich loam, that needs only to be tickled to laugh out
in flowers and grain. Here and there, the smoke of distant bon-
fires, burning heaps of useless stubble, shows against the dreamy
purple hills like the pillar of cloud that led the Israelites. One
smells the sharp odor of these fires everywhere, and hears them
crackle in the fields:-
.
“Atque levem stipulam crepitantibus urere flammis. ”
(And stubble easily burned with crackling flames. )


## p. 14062 (#248) ##########################################

14062
WILLIAM WETMORE STORY
[The following poems are copyrighted, and are reprinted by permission of
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. , publishers. )
CLEOPATRA
DEDICATED TO J. L. M.
H*
ERE, Charmian, take my bracelets,-
They bar with a purple stain
My arms; turn over my pillows, --
They are hot where I have lain;
Open the lattice wider,
A gauze on my bosom throw,
And let me inhale the odors
That over the garden blow.
I dreamed I was with my Antony,
And in his arms I lay;
Ah, me! the vision has vanished
The music has died away.
The flame and the perfume have perished,
As this spiced aromatic pastille
That wound the blue smoke of its odor
Is now but an ashy hill.
Scatter upon me rose-leaves,-
They cool me after my sleep;
And with sandal odors fan me
Till into my veins they creep;
Reach down the lute, and play me
A melancholy tune,
To rhyme with the dream that has vanished,
And the slumbering afternoon.
There, drowsing in golden sunlight,
Loiters the slow smooth Nile
Through slender papyri, that cover
The wary crocodile.
The lotus lolls on the water,
And opens its heart of gold,
And over its broad leaf-pavement
Never a ripple is rolled.
The twilight breeze is too lazy
Those feathery palms to wave,


## p. 14063 (#249) ##########################################

WILLIAM WETMORE STORY
14063
And yon little cloud is as motionless
As a stone above a grave.
Ah, me! this lifeless nature
Oppresses my heart and brain!
Oh! for a storm and thunder -
For lightning and wild fierce rain!
Fling down that lute — I hate it!
Take rather his buckler and sword,
And crash them and clash them together
Till this sleeping world is stirred.
Hark! to my Indian beauty,-
My cockatoo, creamy white,
With roses under his feathers,-
That flashes across the light.
Look! listen! as backward and forward
To his hoop of gold he clings,
How he trembles, with crest uplifted,
And shrieks as he madly swings!
O cockatoo, shriek for Antony!
Cry, “Come, my love, come home! »
Shriek, “Antony! Antony! Antony! ”
Till he hears you even in Rome.
There — leave me, and take from my chamber
That stupid little gazelle,
With its bright black eyes so meaningless,
And its silly tinkling bell!
Take him,- my nerves he vexes,
The thing without blood or brain,-
Or by the body of Isis,
I'll snap his thin neck in twain!
Leave me to gaze at the landscape
Mistily stretching away,
Where the afternoon's opaline tremors
O'er the mountains quivering play;
Till the fiercer splendor of sunset
Pours from the west its fire,
And melted, as in a crucible,
Their earthly forms expire;
And the bald blear skull of the desert
With glowing mountains is crown
wned,
That burning like molten jewels
Circle its temples round.


## p. 14064 (#250) ##########################################

14064
WILLIAM WETMORE STORY
a
I will lie and dream of the past time,
Æons of thought away,
And through the jungle of memory
Loosen my fancy to play:
When, a smooth and velvety tiger,
Ribbed with yellow and black,
Supple and cushion-footed,
I wandered where never the track
Of a human creature had rustled
The silence of mighty woods,
And, fierce in a tyrannous freedom,
I knew but the law of my moods.
The elephant, trumpeting, started
When he heard my footstep near,
And the spotted giraffes fled wildly
In a yellow cloud of fear.
I sucked in the noontide splendor,
Quivering along the glade,
Or yawning, panting, and dreaming,
Basked in the tamarisk shade,
Till I heard my wild mate roaring,
As the shadows of night came on
To brood in the trees' thick branches,
And the shadow of sleep was gone;
Then I roused, and roared in answer,
And unsheathed from my cushioned feet
My curving claws, and stretched me,
And wandered my mate to greet.
We toyed in the amber moonlight,
Upon the warm flat sand,
And struck at each other our massive arms,-
How powerful he was and grand !
His yellow eyes flashed fiercely
As he crouched and gazed at me,
And his quivering tail, like a serpent,
Twitched, curving nervously.
Then like a storm he seized me,
With a wild triumphant cry,
And we met, as two clouds in heaven
When the thunders before them fly.
We grappled and struggled together,
For his love like his rage was rude;
And his teeth in the swelling folds of my neck
At times, in our play, drew blood.


## p. 14065 (#251) ##########################################

WILLIAM WETMORE STORY
14065
Often another suitor -
For I was fexile and fair –
Fought for me in the moonlight,
While I lay couching there,
Till his blood was drained by the desert;
And, ruffled with triumph and power,
He licked me and lay beside me
To breathe him a vast half-hour.
Then down to the fountain we loitered,
Where the antelopes came to drink;
Like a bolt we sprang upon them,
Ere they had time to shrink;
We drank their blood and crushed them,
And tore them limb from limb,
And the hungriest lion doubted
Ere he disputed with him.
That was a life to live for!
Not this weak human life,
With its frivolous bloodless passions,
Its poor and petty strife!
Come to my arms, my hero:
The shadows of twilight grow,
And the tiger's ancient fierceness
In my veins begins to flow.
Come not cringing to sue me!
Take me with triumph and power,
As a warrior storms a fortress!
I will not shrink or cower.
Come as you came in the desert,
Ere we were women and men,
When the tiger passions were in us,
And love as you loved me then!
THE CHIFFONIER
I
AM a poor Chiffonier!
I seek what others cast away!
In refuse-heaps the world throws by,
Despised of man, my trade I ply;
And oft I rake them o'er and o'er,
And fragments broken, stained, and torn,
XXIV-880


## p. 14066 (#252) ##########################################

14066
WILLIAM WETMORE STORY
I gather up, and make my store
Of things that dogs and beggars scorn.
I am the poor Chiffonier!
You see me in the dead of night
Peering along with pick and light,
And while the world in darkness sleeps,
Waking to rake its refuse-heaps:
I scare the dogs that round them prowl,
And light amid the rubbish throw:
For precious things are hid by foul,
Where least we heed and least we know.
I am the poor Chiffonier!
No wretched and rejected pile,
No tainted mound of offal vile,
No drain or gutter I despise,
For there may lie the richest prize.
And oft amid the litter thrown,
A silver coin a golden ring -
Which holdeth still its precious stone,
Some happy chance to me may bring.
I am the poor Chiffonier!
-
These tattered rags, so soiled and frayed,
Were in a loom of wonder made,
And beautiful and free from shame
When from the master's hand they came.
The reckless world that threw them off
Now heeds them only to despise;
Yet, ah! despite its jeers and scoff,
What virtue still within them lies!
I am the poor Chiffonier!
Yes! all these shreds so spoiled and torn,
These ruined rags you pass in scorn,
This refuse by the highway tost,
I seek that they may not be lost;
And, cleansed from filth that on them lies,
And purified and purged from stain,
Renewed in beauty they shall rise
To wear a spotless form again.
I am the poor Chiffonier!


## p. 14066 (#253) ##########################################



## p. 14066 (#254) ##########################################


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## p. 14066 (#255) ##########################################

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## p. 14066 (#256) ##########################################


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## p. 14067 (#257) ##########################################

14067
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
(1811-1896)
BY GEORGE S. MERRIAM
ARRIET BEECHER Srowe shared the general conditions of
inheritance and nurture which bred the strongest group of
thinkers and authors that America has produced. It was
the peculiarity of early New England to combine an intense interest
in the supreme questions of human destiny, regarded as the basis of
the personal life, with the closest application to industrial and practi-
cal affairs. Calvinism stimulated thought on religious problems; and
austere conditions of soil and climate enforced on the sturdy English
stock the practice of industry, thrift, and shrewdness. For two cen-
turies the narrowness of the dogmatic creed, and the awfulness of its
sanctions, checked any free or original exploit of the intellect. Then
came in a great enlargement of conditions, and a fresh stimulus.
With the birth of the nation, brains and hands began to stretch out
from their provincial cradle toward continental expansion. The rise
of national questions; the impulse from Europe, stirred to its founda-
tion by the French Revolution, and giving birth to new literatures;
the outburst of the protest against Calvinism, which had been secretly
growing for generations; a new ardor in the churches for missions
and reforms; an advance in material comfort which widened oppor-
tunity and did not yet enervate,- those were among the influences
which enriched and mellowed the soil in which hardy shoots had
been growing, and out of which now flowered a brilliant little com-
pany of thinkers, poets, and story-tellers.
Mrs. Stowe was the daughter of Lyman Beecher, the foremost
orthodox minister of his time; a man of sturdy, aggressive, exuberant
nature, the father of a notable family of sons and daughters. His
biography is one of the richest portraitures of New England life in
the first half of the century. It shows how the sensitive and thought-
ful child grew up in an atmosphere of theological discussion, which
stiinulated the mind and by turns satisfied and distressed the heart,
while her observation and sense of humor found rich material. She
was largely endowed with imagination, with sensibility, with the
mystic's temper. She became the wife of a theological professor
with scanty means; and the tenderness of motherly experience was
mixed with the pressing cares of the household. By a removal to


## p. 14068 (#258) ##########################################

14068
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
the West she gained knowledge of more various society and institu-
tions, and then came back to the quiet of a Maine village, to ponder
in her heart all she had seen and heard and felt.
The interest of the North in the slave system of the South was
especially due to a little company of strenuous agitators, who were
instant in season and out of season in denouncing slavery as the sum
of all villainies. The violence of tone which generally characterized
the Abolitionists, and their readiness to denounce all men and all
institutions that did not fully agree with them, limited the influence
due to their purity and heroism. The conservatism of commerce, the
timidity of politicians, above all, the remoteness of the whole matter
from the personal knowledge of the Northern people, long restrained
the mass of the community from any very wide or active interest in
the subject. Mrs. Stowe's sympathy had been profoundly touched by
the tales of wrong and suffering that had come to her ears from
escaped slaves while she lived in Cincinnati. She had pondered the
whole question of slavery,— with a woman's heart, a poet's imagina-
tion, and a mind schooled by company with masculine and logical
thinkers. Then the political interests of the whole country were
focused upon the slavery question, by the great Congressional debate
on the Compromise measures in 1850. Conspicuous in that legislation
was the Fugitive Slave Act, making elaborate provision for the rendi-
tion of fugitive slaves from their Northern refuge. This law, and the
scenes incident to its enforcement, brought the reality of slavery
home to the Northern people closer than ever before, while it also
implicated them more directly in the support of the system. But
inertia and timidity still held back the mass of politicians, churches,
and the general community, from effective action or energetic protest.
Then this woman in her busy home in the quiet village, shedding
tears at midnight over the sorrows of slave wives and mothers, found
her imagination possessed by the scenes of a slave's story. It was
transferred to paper almost automatically. Then other scenes linked
themselves together, -scenes of pathos, of humor, of racy conversa-
tion, of dramatic action, of anguish, and of rapture. The whole story
was born and grew,- an inspiration, a creation, mysterious and beau-
tiful as the growth of a human life. It was given to the public, and
it took captive the heart of America and of the world. Its literary
success, measured by an enumeration of editions, translations, copies
sold, was vast almost beyond comparison. But it won a mightier
success; for probably beyond any other single influence, it planted in
the men and women of the North a deep and passionate hostility to
human slavery. The whole course of events moved together: the
political forces were marshaled on the question whether slavery should
be extended or restricted; new parties rose; and finally the two
principles — of the maintenance of the Union and the abolition of


## p. 14069 (#259) ##########################################

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
14069
-
war -
slavery — were established at the cost of a terrible war. It would
hardly be a figure of speech to say that the Northern army in that
or the force which made the heart of that army - had been
nurtured in boyhood and youth on Uncle Tom's Cabin,' and carried
the book in their hearts.
The book was written as a protest against an institution; and now
that the institution is gone the book remains with a deep permanent
interest. It is an intensely human story. The temporary and local
color is but the incident of a portrayal of human joys and sorrows,
sufferings and victories, which appealed to readers in far-away lands,
and can hardly fail to appeal in far-away years.
One of the most admirable and effective qualities of Uncle Tom's
Cabin' is its wholly generous and sympathetic spirit toward the
master class. The condemnation is all for the system, and for the
opportunities and incitements it affords to the baser elements which
exist in mankind at large. The master and mistress supply some of
the most charming characters of the book, as the noble Mrs. Shelby
and the fascinating St. Clare.
The key-note of the book is humanity. Its sub-title is Life
among the Lowly. It is in close accord with the great philanthropic
movement of the age. Further, it is deeply religious. Its appeal is
not to creed or authority, but to the spirit of Christ. It is the Christ-
ian faith that brings master and slave together: it is the figure of the
Crucified One that to poor Tom's darkest hour brings a peace and
strength in which he can calmly face torture and death.
It was
largely to this religious quality that the book owed its effectiveness.
It rebuked that Pharisaic Christianity which had justified slavery
with Biblical precedent, or had passed by the slave on the other side,
while absorbed in ecclesiastical trifles; while its essential piety won
multitudes of churchmen who had resented the fierce assaults of the
Abolitionists on the churches and the prevalent forms of Christianity.
(Uncle Tom's Cabin went on its way and did its work; and Mrs.
Stowe, raised to sudden fame and to easier circumstances, but no
whit spoiled or unsteadied, produced as her next serious work an-
other antislavery novel, Dred. It was less an inspiration than its
predecessor, and more a deliberate construction; and was judged to
be inferior in power. Yet it was a very strong book, both in human
interest and in effective attack upon the slave system. In logical
sequence to the simple story of the earlier book, it went on to por-
tray the treatment of slavery on its own ground by the church, the
law, and the would-be reformer. It showed how its essential evils
were supported by statute and by judicial interpretation. It pictured
the ways of the clerical politician. It depicted the attempt of a
high-minded slaveholder to elevate his servants and purify the sys-
tem, and his defeat by mob violence by statute law.


## p. 14070 (#260) ##########################################

14070
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
were trenchant attacks on the system they were aimed at. But the
more abiding charm of the book is in its lifelike picturing of men
and women; and especially in “life among the lowly. ” Best of
all, perhaps, are «Old Tiff,” a counterpart of the “Uncle Remus »
whoin the present generation knows and loves; and Milly, the slave
<<
mammy,” — the type which of all the negroes Mrs. Stowe portrays
best, and perhaps the finest type of character which slavery produced.
The Dred who gives name to the book is a negro runaway and insur-
gent, — half insane, half inspired,-- pouring upon his oppressors the
denunciations and threatenings of Hebrew prophecy. The effect
upon the reader is fantastic and unreal. But the strain of terror and
foreboding seems in the retrospect like a vague, awful prophecy of
the war-cloud which was so soon to break.
Now, in the prime of her power, Mrs. Stowe turned back to the
field which she knew best; which indeed was the very home of her
heart and experience, and which she had essayed in her first slight
sketches. (The Minister's Wooing' is a prose idyl and epic of New
England, in that phase of its history which was richest and most
attractive for the literary artist. It is a somewhat romantic and
idealized picture, for Mrs. Stowe was a poet at heart; but the ground-
lines are truthful, both the heroic and the homely figures are genuine
and unmistakable in their reality, and the book throughout is racy of
the soil from which it sprung. It gives us Yankeeland in its prime
and at its best. A later phase and a grimmer aspect are described
by Rose Terry Cooke; while Miss Wilkins's sketches are taken from
a period of dismal decadence.
But The Minister's Wooing' has its deepest interest not in its
local character, but in the working of the human heart and mind
hard beset by the problems of the universe. The motive of her anti-
slavery novels is to depict a social institution; but in this book Mrs.
Stowe has revealed from within the drama of a human soul in its
supreme exigency. It is individual and yet typical. The Calvinistic
theology – which is only an intensified form of the theology inherited
by all the Protestant churches from the Middle Ages — was brought
closely home to the lives and thoughts of the people, in a society of
which the Sunday and the sermon were the central and dominating
feature. The creed thus realized and applied bore strangely min-
gled fruit, according to the individual nature and development, - of
heroism, rapture, exasperation, or despair. In the early century,
Unitarianism broke out in open revolt; while Orthodoxy rallied to
the defense, yet at the same time modified its own theories with a
rapidity of which it was unconscious. Lyman Beecher was a fore-
most champion against the Unitarians, yet he was counted among his
brethren an innovator and sometimes a heretic. In his biography
and in the lives of his children — notably in Henry Ward and in


## p. 14071 (#261) ##########################################

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
14071
Harriet — may be traced the transformation, which without open
break has replaced a harsh by a mild religion; a change which is
world-wide, but is shown with especial clearness in the land which
the Puritan founded.
In the scanty and grim yet heroic chronicles of John Winthrop
there is occasionally a brief, terrible mention of some woman driven
by religious broodings to distraction, sometimes to murder and sui-
cide. How wide-spread the tragedy of which this was the extreme
phase, we can but surmise. It first found full articulate expression in
Mrs. Stowe, - but issuing in escape, by resource drawn from the same
creed which had crushed it. The story is that of a mother, believing
and thoughtful, whose unconverted son comes to a sudden death.
Her thought of the fate she believes he has incurred, and of the
Divine rule which decrees such a fate, and which she dares not dis-
own,- the seeming contradiction between God and right which drives
her almost to madness, — this description is as terrible as the most
lurid passage in Dante. That which at last controls and calms is the
same that sustains the slave in his extremity,– the vision of that
Savior whose very nature is love, and who is the revelation of a God
who must in some unguessed way supply the need of the creatures
he has made. Around this fiery core the story stands — like a mount-
ain with volcanic heart — in strong and graceful lines, and with rich
vesture of beauty and humor. Its heroic figure is the minister and
theologian, Dr. Hopkins: his absorption in theological speculation set
off by his self-sacrifice in espousing the unpopular antislavery cause,
and his magnanimous surrender of the woman he loves to the sailor
who had won her heart.
“The Minister's Wooing' marks the culmination of Mrs. Stowe's
writing. Of her later works, the best have their scene in New Eng-
land. (The Pearl of Orr's Island' has much of quiet beauty; and
(Oldtown Folks,' while unequal and disappointing, furnishes some
admirable scenes, and one of her raciest characters, and worthiest of
long life,- the kindly ne'er-do-weel, Sam Lawson. In Agnes of Sor-
rento' there is little creative power of character or story to match
the beauty of landscape and atmosphere. The latest stories, with
their scenes in modern American life, are slight in texture. It is
chiefly by her first three books that she will live.
Mrs. Stowe's best work was done by a sort of spontaneous inspira-
tion. She was not strong in deliberate and conscious art.
An early
letter gives a graphic description of the labor of authorship under
constant intrusion from troublesome babies and incompetent ser-
vants. One can fancy some such distracting influence as occasionally
marring her work in its details. It has not the finish of the stu-
dent who writes in the guarded privacy of the library. Yet to the
free, rough, wholesome contact with every-day life which forbade such


## p. 14072 (#262) ##########################################

14072
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
seclusion, we perhaps owe much of the fresh and homely nature in
her books, which charms us beyond mere artistic polish.
She has in a high degree the faculty of the greatest artists, of
creating as it were their characters: so that the reader recognizes and
recalls them as real people. She has a free, strong touch, not unlike
Walter Scott's. But the critic feels diffidence in assigning definite
literary rank to one who has been so closely a part of the still pres-
ent age, and thus stands in a sort of personal relation to her con-
temporaries which perhaps bars them from the judgment seat. Yet
it is hardly rash to express the opinion that measured by her best
work, Mrs. Stowe stands as distinctly first among American novel-
writers as do the others of her group in their respective fields:
Hawthorne, in pure romance; Longfellow, Lowell, Whittier, Bryant,
and Holmes, in poetry. No doubt she has been surpassed in various
particulars; but judged by the test of power to win and to impress,
and looking both at the number and the quality of the audience, it
seems a moderate judgment that no American novelist has equaled
her. Safer than any attempt to assign her rank in the world's lit-
erature is a characterization of the central quality of her mind and
work. That, we may say, was the transfer of the essential spirit of
Puritanism from the field of speculative theology and mystic experi-
ence to human duty and to social institutions. The austere, heroic
spirit, which in the seventeenth century tried to build a Church-
State in America; which, baffled in that attempt, fell back with
renewed energy on universe-schemes, - that spirit has in our century
found outlet and fruition in a new passion of service to humanity,
while the conception of man's relation to God has passed from the
idea of subject and monarch to that of child and father.
lives has the change been exemplified, but in Mrs. Stowe we see it
as wrought in a woman of strong brain and tender heart. In many
respects she is a feminine counterpart of Whittier; he of Quaker, she
of Puritan lineage; both serving in the antislavery cause; both pass-
ing on to a more personal interpretation of life; and both sublimat-
ing a dogmatic Christianity into a simple religion of love and trust,
in which Christ is still the central figure, but a Christ of the heart
and not of the creed.
Such comparison may contribute a little toward an appreciation of
this large-natured woman and fine genius. But she is to be really
known through her books, in which she expressed her best self.
In many
Geace
lorian


## p. 14073 (#263) ##########################################

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
14073
AND
BIOGRAPHICAL
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL Note. Harriet Elizabeth
Beecher was born at Litchfield, Connecticut, June 14th, 1811. When
thirteen years of age she went to Hartford, Connecticut, to attend the
school of her sister Catherine. After studying for some years she
assisted as a teacher in that institution. In 1832 the Beecher family
moved to Cincinnati, Ohio; and four years later Harriet was married
to Professor Calvin E. Stowe, of the Lane Theological Seminary in
that city.
Her first book was "The Mayflower, or Sketches of the Descend-
ants of the Pilgrims, published in 1849. The next year the Stowes
went to Brunswick, Maine, Professor Stowe having taken a chair in
Bowdoin College. Uncle Tom's Cabin,' which was written at Bruns-
wick, began to run as a serial in the Washington National Era in
1851, and appeared in book forin in 1852. Its success was immediate
and phenomenal, half a million copies being printed within ten years,
and the translations into foreign tongues numbering about thirty.
In the same year (1852) Professor Stowe was called to Andover
Theological Seminary at Andover, Massachusetts. In 1853 the author
published a 'Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, giving facts to substantiate
her slave story.
She made at this time the first of several European
trips, during which she was received abroad with marked respect and
honor. In 1864 the Stowes removed to Hartford, Connecticut, where
Mrs. Stowe resided until her death, July 1st, 1896. For a long term
of years she spent the summer months at her home in Florida.
Of the many editions of Mrs. Stowe's works, it is sufficient to
direct the reader to the final, authoritative, and complete Riverside
edition, 1896, issued by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. of Boston, in sixteen
volumes, with a biographical sketch, notes, portraits, and views. The
titles of the books, as they appear in this edition, are as follows:
Uncle Tom's Cabin' and the Key' (two volumes), “Dred and Other
Anti-Slavery Tales and Papers) (two volumes), «The Minister's Woo-
ing, “The Pearl of Orr's Island, Agnes of Sorrento,' (Household
Papers and Stories,' My Wife and I, Oldtown Folks' and (Sam
Lawson's Fireside Stories (two volumes), Poganuc Peopleand 'Pink
and White Tyranny,' We and Our Neighbors,' Stories, Sketches,
and Studies,' Religious Studies,' Sketches and Poems,' (Stories and
Sketches for the Young. A full sympathetic account of Mrs. Stowe
will be found in her Life,' written by her son, the Rev. Charles E.
Stowe, which Houghton, Mifflin & Co. also publish.
>


## p. 14074 (#264) ##########################################

14074
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
HOW SAM AND ANDY HELPED HALEY TO PURSUE ELIZA
From (Uncle Tom's Cabin
NY
EVER did fall of any prime minister at court occasion wider
surges of sensation than the report of Tom's fate among
his compeers on the place. It was the topic in every
mouth, everywhere; and nothing was done in the house or in
the field but to discuss its probable results. Eliza's flight - an
-
unprecedented event on the place --- was also a great accessory in
stimulating the general excitement.
Black Sam, as he was commonly called, from his being about
three shades blacker than any other son of ebony on the place,
was revolving the matter profoundly in all its phases and bear-
ings, with a comprehensiveness of vision and a strict lookout to
his own personal well-being, that would have done credit to any
white patriot in Washington.
“It's an ill wind dat blows nowhar,— dat are a fact,” said
Sam sententiously, giving an additional hoist to his pantaloons,
and adroitly substituting a long nail in place of a missing sus-
pender button, with which effort of mechanical genius he seemed
highly delighted.
« Yes: it's an ill wind blows nowhar," he repeated. Now,
dar, Tom's down; — wal, course der's room for some nigger to
be up- and why not dis nigger ? dat’s de idee. Tom, a-ridin'
round de country, boots blacked, pass in his pocket, all grand as
Cuffee,- who but he ? Now, why shouldn't Sam ? dat's what I
want to know. ”
“Halloo, Sam! O Sam! Mas'r wants you to cotch Bill and
Jerry,” said Andy, cutting short Sam's soliloquy.
Hi! what's afoot now, young un? ”
“Why, you don't know, I s'pose, dat Lizy's cut stick and
clar'd out with her young-un ? "
"You teach your granny! ” said Sam with infinite contempt:
knowed it a heap sight sooner than you did; this nigger ain't
So green, now! »
Well, anyhow, Mas'r wants Bill and Jerry geared right up;
and you and I's to go with Mas'r Haley to look arter her. ”
"Good, now! dat's de time o' day! ” said Sam. “It's Sam
dat's called for in dese yer times. He's de nigger. See if I
don't cotch her, now: Mas'r 'll see what Sam can do! ”
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## p. 14075 (#265) ##########################################

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
14075
( ܕ
>>
“Ah! but, Sam,” said Andy, "you'd better think twice; for
Missis don't want her cotched, and she 'll be in yer wool. ”
"Hi! ” said Sam, opening his eyes. "How you know dat ?
«Heard her say so, my own self, dis blessed inornin' when I
bring in Mas'r's shaving-water. She sent me to see why Lizy
didn't come to dress her: and when I telled her she was off,
she jest riz up, and ses she, “The Lord be praised;' and Masʼr,
he seemed rael mad, and ses he, Wife, you talk like a fool. '
But Lor! she'll bring him to! I knows well enough how that'll
be,- it's allers best to stand Missis's side de fence, now I tell
yer. ”
C
Black Sam, upon this, scratched his woolly pate, which, if it
did not contain very profound wisdom, still contained a great
deal of a particular species much in demand among politicians of
all complexions and countries, and vulgarly denominated know-
ing which side the bread is buttered ”; so stopping with grave
consideration, he again gave a hitch to his pantaloons, which was
his regularly organized method of assisting his mental perplex-
ities.
«Der ain't no sayin'. never – 'bout no kind o' thing in dis
yer world,” he said at last.
Sam spoke like a philosopher, emphasizing this,- as if he had
had a large experience in different sorts of worlds, and therefore
had come to his conclusions advisedly.
"Now, sartin I'd 'a' said that Missis would 'a' scoured the
'varsal world after Lizy,” added Sam thoughtfully.
"So she would,” said Andy; «but can't ye see through a lad-
der, ye black nigger? Missis don't want dis yer Mas'r Haley to
get Lizy's boy: dat's de go!
Hi! ” said Sam, with an indescribable intonation, known only
to those who have heard it among the negroes.
"And I'll tell yer more 'n all,” said Andy: "I spect you'd
better be making tracks for dem hosses, - mighty sudden, too, -
for I hearn Missis 'quirin' arter yer, so you've stood foolin' long
enough. ”
Sam, upon this, began to bestir himself in real earnest: and
after a while appeared, bearing down gloriously towards the
house, with Bill and Jerry in a full canter; and adroitly throwing
himself off before they had any idea of stopping, he brought
them up alongside of the horse-post like a tornado. Haley's
horse, which was a skittish young colt, winced and bounced, and
pulled hard at his halter.


## p. 14076 (#266) ##########################################

14076
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
((
“Ho, ho! ” said Sam: "skeery, are ye? ” and his black visage
lighted up with a curious, mischievous gleam. "I'll fix ye now! »
said he.
There was a large beech-tree overshadowing the place, and
the small, sharp, triangular beech-nuts lay scattered thickly on the
ground. With one of these in his fingers, Sam approached the
colt, stroked and patted, and seemed apparently busy in soothing
his agitation. On pretense of adjusting the saddle, he adroitly
slipped under it the sharp little nut, in such a manner that the
least weight brought upon the saddle would annoy the nervous
sensibilities of the animal, without leaving any perceptible graze
or wound.
« Dar! ” he said, rolling his eyes with an approving grin, "me
ix em ! »
At this moment Mrs. Shelby appeared on the balcony, beckon-
ing to him. Sam approached with as good a determination to
pay court as did ever suitor after a vacant place at St. James's
or Washington.
“Why have you been loitering so, Sam ? I sent Andy to tell
you to hurry. ”
“Lord bless you, Missis! ” said Sam, horses won't be cotched
all in a minnit: they'd done clar'd out way down to the south
pasture, and the Lord knows whar! »
“Sam, how often must I tell you not to say 'Lord bless you,'
and The Lord knows,' and such things ? It's wicked. ”
« Oh, Lord bless my soul! I done forgot, Missis! I won't
say nothing of de sort no more. ”
"Why, Sam, you just have said it again. ”
“Did I? O Lord! -I mean, I didn't go fur to say it. ”
“You must be careful, Sam.
“Just let me get my breath, Missis, and I'll start fair. I'll be
bery careful. ”
"Well, Sam, you are to go with Mr. Haley, to show him the
road, and help him. Be careful of the horses, Sam; you know
Jerry was a little lame last week: don't ride them too fast. ”
Mrs. Shelby spoke the last words with a low voice and strong
emphasis.
“Let dis child alone for dat! ” said Sam, rolling up his eyes
with a volume of meaning. "Lord knows— hi! didn't say dat! ”
said he, suddenly catching his breath, with a ludicrous fourish
of apprehension which made his inistress laugh, spite of herself.
“Yes, Missis, I'll look out for de hosses! »
>
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## p. 14077 (#267) ##########################################

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
14077
-
“Now, Andy,” said Sam, returning to his stand under the
beech-tree, "you see I wouldn't be 't all surprised if dat ar
gen'lman's crittur should gib a Aling, by-and-by, when he comes
to be a-gettin' up. You know, Andy, critturs will do such
things; " and therewith Sam poked Andy in the side in a highly
suggestive manner.
«Hi! ” said Andy, with an air of instant appreciation.
“Yes, you see, Andy, Missis wants to make time: dat ar's
clar to der most or'nary 'bserver. I jis make a little for her.
Now, you see, get all dese yer hosses loose, caperin' permiscus
round dis yer lot and down to de wood dar, and I spec Mas'r
won't be off in a hurry. ”
Andy grinned.
“Yer see,” said Sam,-"yer see, Andy, if any such thing
should happen as that Masʼr Haley's horse should begin to act
contrary, and cut up, you and I jist lets go of our'n to help him,
and we'll help him: oh, yes!