s° it must be remarked, according to the
best authorities on Irish history, that at this
period there was no archbishop, or even a diocesan bishop, at Dublin ; but, it is sup- posed, the foreign writer had been led into the error of assigning Gaulafer to this See, through ignorance regarding the Ecclesiasti-
and 2 In powerful.
best authorities on Irish history, that at this
period there was no archbishop, or even a diocesan bishop, at Dublin ; but, it is sup- posed, the foreign writer had been led into the error of assigning Gaulafer to this See, through ignorance regarding the Ecclesiasti-
and 2 In powerful.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v7
N.
Francisci Ministrum Generalem Serio- ludrica.
14 See " Vitse Sanctorum," tomus hi. , pp. 13 to 27.
"
Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical History of
Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xix. , sect, xv. , n.
169, p. 199.
*5 See Die Prima In Festo S. Julii.
15 See "Natales Sanctorum
Belgii," pp.
Rumoldi, pp. 63 to 68. 16" 26"
136, 137.
See Fasti Belgici et Burgundici," pp. See vol. i. , Archbishops of Dublin,"
3SSto36i. P- 305.
2°
It appeared at Antwerp, a. d. 17 18.
MartyreMechlinisein Belgio, pp. 169 to 266. 21 "
It is intituled
Episcopi etMartyris Mechliniensium," Col- legit, digessit, illustravit, Joannes Baptista SolleriusSocietatisJesuTheologus. Many valuable historic documents are contained in this volume.
22 To this he refers with some of degree
triumph, in refuting the statements of Giral- dus Cambrensis, that Ireland furnished the Church with no martyrs. See " Apologia pro Hibernia," cap. ii. , p. 15. See also cap. iv. , p-37.
23 See ex. gr. Richard Coyne's Dublin edition, printed 1844, of " Breviarum Ro- manum," Supplementum ad Partem ^Esti- vam, pp. cexx. , cexxi.
24 These consist in great part of silly fables,
according to Dr. Lanigan. Some of these may be seen in Harris' account of St.
Rumold at
Bishops of Dublin. " See Rev.
:
July
Acta S. Rumoldi
as also in the works of
Bishop Challoner,
2 7 Rev. Alban 28 Rev. Dr. Butler,
7 ?
Lanigan, JohnD'Alton,3°
and Forbes. 31 Bishop
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July
for this saint. The Lessons of Bishop De Burgo are much less correct, how- ever, than those of the office, which is now read in Ireland.
Some particulars regarding St. Rumold are to be found in Harris' Ware,36
The constant tradition of the church of Mechlin,3* and the testimony of
every older writer, who has treated regarding this saint, make St. Rumold an
Irishman. 33 Rumold is said to have been the son of David, 3 * a king amongst
the Scots. 3s Again, it has been asserted, that this David had been King of
Dublin. However, the name of —David which has been given to St. Rumold's
even as resolved
DathiorNathi cannotbefoundinthelistofIrishmonarchs,soastocorre-
father the —
by foreign biographer
by
Irish writers into
Davi,
spondwiththegenerationprevioustoo—ursaint'sbirth. Norcanitevenbe found,inalistoftheKingsin—Leinster towhichprovinceRumold'sfather is thought to have belonged so as to agree with St. Rumold's chrono- logy. 36 Aconjectural statement has been advanced,3? which if accepted might be assigned probably as the paternal genealogy for our saint. Thus, perchance, Rumold was son to David, son of Cormac, son to Falbei, son of Eochod Clithfir, son to Columb, son of Cormac Camshron, son to David, son ofCrimthann, King of Leinster, &c. It is stated, in a Life of St. Rumold, that his father David, being a man of virtue and of exalted birth, was anxious to procure a partner, possessed of like advantages. He had heard much regarding the fame and virtues of Cecilia, a daughter to the King of Sicily. This lady he espoused, with her father's consent, and their nuptials were celebrated with great pomp. The people of his own nation testified extraordinary joy, on the happy occasion. 38 Another writer 3 ? states, that his queen was Csecilia, daughter to a King of Cashel. However, Theodoric and the Lateran Breviary omit altogether the names of St. Rumold's parents. These authorities merely state, that he was of the royal house of Ireland, and by right of succession heir to a throne/ An ancient writer of his Acts ^ declares, that as he had no knowledge regarding the parents and ancestors of St. Rumold, so should he not refer further to them, while it must be unneces-
2* See M Britannia Sancta," part ii. , pp.
See Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and other principal Saints," vol. vii. , July i.
29 See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
land," vol. hi. , chap, arix. , sect, xv. , pp. 197 to 201.
3° See «• Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin," pp. ,21 to 23.
31 See "Kalendars of Scottish Saints," P- 442-
33 The Martyrology of Mechlin states, that St. Rumold had been Archbishop of Dublin ; and hence, as well as from other documents, Molanus justly argued against some persons, who—taking advantage of the n—ame Scotia as being the country of his birth strove to make him a native of the present Scotland.
"
Ecclesiastical ry of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xix. ,
sect, xv. , n. 169, p. 200.
3* Molanus says, that old documents of the
church of Mechlin make him son of a King David, which name is supposed, by Rev.
Dr. Lanigan to be meant for Dathy. By persons writing in Latin, this Irish name has been sometimes changed into David,
35 According to the Life of St. Rumold, by Domyns.
36 The most probable conjecture, which Ward or O'Sheerin can form is, that per-
haps, David or Nathy, the father of Senach, was also the father of St. Rumold. To escape a difficulty which occurs in the Life of our saint, that his father had been without children, this is supposed referable to St. Rumold's mother alone. By her, or by any other woman, it is thought he had nolegiti- mate offspring, excepting our saint,
37 See Annotationes, p. 78.
3« See vita S. Rumoldi, cap. i. , auctore
39 See De " Officia Sanc- Burgo's propria
torum Hibernix," Noct. ii. , Lect. iv,, p. 65. <° See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xix. , sect, xv. , n. 171, p. 201.
« See Theodoric's Vita S. Rumoldi, cap. 2, p. 2.
2, 3*
28 "
» See Rev. Dr.
Lanigan'i
Domynsio, p. 15.
July i. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
sary to seek additional fruit from the parent trunk, when one of its branches produced more than sufficient to spread fertility around. It is related, that the saint'sfatherruledoveraprincipality,calledGueruiana. Thisprincewasa manofremarkable asalso
prudence,
the comments of Fathers Ward and O'Sheerin, some attempts are made to
investigate the exact personality of this king, and the location of his princi-
pality. ^ Having stated, that no place, called Gueria, Gueriana, Guaria, or
Guaruiana can be found in Scotland ; it is thought, there are several places
in Ireland, which bear an affinity to such names. Among others, in the
ancient territory of Breffny O'Reilly, there is a mountain well known as Sliabh
Guere ; there is another castle, in the county of Galvvay, called Durlas
Guere 44 there is another place, called Gort-insi-Guere, near the former, an ;
42
See Vita S. Rumoldi, cap. i. , auctore
propagated the Catholic faith in foreign coun-
tries, or who illustrated it by their blood.
See De " Officia Sanctorum Burgo's Propria
Hibernise," pp. 65, 66. Also, the same
entreated the —Gualafer4? they holy
then of Dublin s° Archbishop
exceedingly wealthy
inheritance of the — 4* and another is
—istant from one miles and place twenty-three
thirty-seven miles from the other this was called Guere an Ri. This latter place is supposed to have been the city belonging to our saint's father, and which was named Gueruiana. Some conjectures have been hazarded,46 to show, that St. Rumold was an Anglo-Saxon, who had embraced the monastic state at Mayo, and that having heard of St. Willibrord's progress in Belgium, he went to that country, and thence to be qualified for the mission to Rome, where he was consecrated bishop. 4? Then it was thought, that he returned to Belgium, and thus had been advanced to the See of Mechlin. But he was an Irishman 48 by birth, and a Scot of the original Scotia. The Martyrology of Mechlin brings St. Rumold from that part of Scotia, which is now called Ireland.
We may take it for granted, that much of the story which follows is purely imaginary, but it is to be found in the legend of St. Rumold's Acts. Being without children, David his father felt desirous of having a son, who might inherithisprincipality; however,hismarriagedidnotappeartoaccomplish the king's wishes, for a long time. The pious couple had frequently offered prayers in the churches, and had exercised other works of piety, so that the Almighty would be pleased to grant an heir—, for their large possessions. It
betweenDublinandWexford d
O'Shaughnessys
; village known, lying
is said,
according to St. Rumold's Life that he too would implore the Most Holy Trinity, in their behalf. The prelate prostrated himself in prayer with the king and queen. An angel then appeared to them, saying these words :
Domynsio, pp. 14, 15.
43 See Animadversiones in
utramque prse- cedentem historiam Vita? S. Rumoldi, De
auctoribus, pp. 74 to 78.
44 This was formerly a residence of Guaire
the Hospitable, King of Connaught.
45 This clan claims descent from Guaire
the Hospitable. 46 By Soller.
47 The hypothesis of Soller is mentioned, but it has not been adopted, in the " Gallia Christiana," tomus v. , at Ecclesia Mech- liniensis.
48 The opinion of Rumold having been a
"
Hibernia Dominicana," cap. i. ,
native of Ireland was so universally admitted,
that the learned Pope, Benedict XIV. , in a cal History of our Island. See Rev. Dr.
letter written to the Catholic Bishops of Ire- land, and dated August 15th, 1741, reckons him among the great Irish saints, who either
Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
land," vol. iii. , chap, xix. , sect, xv. , p. 198, and n. 170, p. 201.
writer's
num. xiv. , p. 22.
49 This mode of spelling is supposed by Rev. Dr. Lani»an to be identical with the
name Gallagher.
s° it must be remarked, according to the
best authorities on Irish history, that at this
period there was no archbishop, or even a diocesan bishop, at Dublin ; but, it is sup- posed, the foreign writer had been led into the error of assigning Gaulafer to this See, through ignorance regarding the Ecclesiasti-
and 2 In powerful. '*
:
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July i.
* Abandon your grieving, for the queen shall bear a son, most fair in body and pleasing to God, and he shall bring many to Christ, from the errors of heathenism. "s1 After this announcement, the queen conceived a son, who was born in due course of time. Her infant was exceedingly beautiful, and Rumold's birth afforded his parents great joy. Gualafer was selected to administer the rite of sa when his
baptism. Yet,
name their child, they felt at a loss to agree upon that matter. Whereupon, the
days,withouttakinganyothernourishment. Thesamedayswereafterwards observed by him, in a course of rigid fasting, at a more advanced period of his life.
At the age of five, his parents resigned him to the charge of Guala- fer, to be instructed in learning and virtue ; 5^ and, under care of this prelate, he remained until his fifteenth year. Then, he was withdrawn by his father to the palace, where he was to be instructed in all princely accomplishments. But, regal pomp and honours seemed to have little attractions for the mind of this holy youth, who endeavoured always to acquire a spirit of most profound humility, and who spent day and night in prayer, while under the paternal
roof. All the temporal possessions he acquired were given to the poor ; he attended to the wants of infirm persons, and of those in prison ; while he
showed the greatest affability and submission to all belonging to his father's household. Thus,hefulfilledinamostperfectmanner,thevariousprecepts ofGod. 55 Whilstengagedinprayer,atalatehourofnight,theAngelofour
" This child has been asked of God and given by him. I there-
prelate said
fore entreat you, prostrate in prayer with me, to offer your prayers devoutly to the Almighty, that as he bestowed upon us this infant, so he may also indi- cateforusasuitablename. " Afterprayer,anangelstoodbeforethebishop, and commanded him to give the name, Rumold, to the boy. This order was instantlyobeyed. 53 Whilstevenyetaninfant,it seemedasifRumoldwere destined by heaven, for the exalted mission and sanctity of his after life. It is related, that by Divine inspiration, he fasted thrice on each week—on the second, fourth, and sixth days ; using only suck, once on the return of these
Lord once appeared to him, and said
:
" O Rumold, child of good disposi-
tions, the Most High hath elected and loved thee, because for his name thou
hast rejected worldly honours and delights. He is about to bestow on
thee a heavenly crown, in place of the temporal one, which is thy due.
Wherefore, thou shalt persevere in what thou hast undertaken, and thou shalt
notfailtofollow,inthefootstepsofourLordJesusChrist. Rejectingpomp
and worldly applause, preserve as a flower thy chastity unsullied. Be humble
towards all, in the name of Christ, bestow alms on the poor and destitute.
Religiously instruct the people given or to be given to thy charge ; treat the
Church of God and its ministers with honour and love. In fine, always pre-
serve yourself free from bad actions, and from impure thoughts ; for, beyond
doubt, the Most High will direct your acts, by enlightening your mind and
in guiding your steps. " Having spoken these words, the angel disappeared.
Immediately Rumold resolved upon leaving all earthly possessions for the sake
ofChristandthe 6 Hesaid "I thee Gospel. s : give
thanks,
O
Almighty God,
5 ' See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyns- sio, cap. n. ,p. 15.
Bishop of Dublin l,y Molnnus, but no particulars are related 01 him, except that he baptized bis Rumold. "—John D'Alton's
53 See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyn-
16.
''Gualafer is mentioned as
54 " See Harris' Ware, vol. i. ,
Memoii»oftheAi 21
(Dublin/'
55 See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyn- sio, cap. iv. , pp. 16, 17.
Bishop Chalknor'a "Britannia Sancta," part ii. , July I, p. 2.
sio, cap. iii. , p.
parents
were called to upon,
Bishops and Archbishops of Dublin," p. 305.
July i. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
whohaththusdeignedtoinstructme. Ipraytheethen,throughthegreat- ness of that bounty and love, with which thou hast favoured the human race, when from the highest heaven and from the right hand of thy Father, thou hastdescendedtothisvaleoftears. Here,astrueman,OmostlovingJesus, thou hast wished to endure penury, hunger, thirst and heat ; likewise con- tumely, injury, derision, and, in fine, a most ignominious death, according to the prediction of the Prophets. I pray, that thy bitter passion may not be inefficacious as regards me, thy servant. As thou hast promised, I entreat thee, always to have a care over me, and lead me into the way of thy com- mandments ; that, at length, after this life is over, I may deserve a heavenly
crown, for which I have left an earthly kingdom. " In these pious sentiments, our saint persevered as he grew up, and he was loved by all on account of
his extraordinary virtue. 57
Some time after this occurred, Rumold's parents took counsel with the
magnates of their principality, as we are informed, to devise a suitable matrimonial alliance for their son. When a long time had been spent in these consultations, his parents desired Rumold to be summoned to their presence. During this interval, he had been engaged at prayer, within his oratory. When he attended the summons of his parents and their counsellors, they told him the purpose for which they were assembled, viz. , that they might be able to obtain for him the hand of some lady, distinguished by her illustrious birth. Thus they entertained a hope, that legitimate offspring might succeed to the
inheritance, on the death of Rumold's father.
To these remarks the saint
I entreat do not allude to you,
replied :
parents
magnates,
"
My
honoured
and
this subject. I have renounced for ever this world's vain honours, and woman's
companionship ; for, I have entirely devoted myself to God, my Creator, and
Ihaveresolvedtopreservechastityinthisbody. FortheLordJesus,who
rejected an earthly kingdom, hath commanded me to follow him in poverty, in humility, and in austerity. Forsooth, you may consider, in what manner an earthly kingdom and the blandishments of woman should profit me ;
when, in a short time, I must leave them, having nothing to give, in gratitude for numberless benefits I have received. Wherefore, I beseech you, abandon those designs j for I have determined, while breath remains in this body, to lead a pious, chaste and holy life. " Our saint's mother endeavoured to change his resolution, by saying, that she felt surprised her son set such little value on his principality ; and, the more so, as in his station of life, he could apply himself to every practice of devotion. Rumold replied : although such might be the case, this opinion admitted of some doubt ; for, if a man engaged in much worldly business should lead a blameless life, yet, as a con- sequence, the soul's pious aspirations must necessarily be weakened. Where- fore, he was resolved to adopt a more secure course, by avoiding altogether the allurements of this world. *8 On hearing these remarks, his father remem- bered Gualafer's predictions before Rumold's conception. Moved by them, he felt more inclined to consult for his son's wishes than did his mother. Wherefore, his father left Rumold free to adopt whatever state of life he had resolved on ; notwithstanding his own and his counsellors' previous deter- mination. 59
57 See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyn- Lect. iv. , p. 65.
sio, cap. v. , pp. 17, 18.
<<
S3 See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyn-
sio, cap. vi. , pp. 18, 19.
*> See De " Officia Propria Sanc- Burgo's
torum Hibernise," Die Prima Julii, Noct. ii. f Lect. iv. , p. 65.
58
Parentibus
ret. "—De Burgo's "Officia Propria Sane- torum HiberniEe. " Die prima Julii, Noct. ii. ,
Regales Nuptias, et Regnum sibi a
oblatum,
constantissime recusa-
dignities or emoluments.
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July
It appears, however, that Archbishop Gualafer, as he is called, died shortly afterwards ; and, the canons of his cathedral church, according to their cus- tom, assembled together, to elect a successor. But, at this meeting, they were by no means unanimously agreed, as to the object of their choice. Adopting the advice of a religious and wise man, they prayed to ascertain the will of heaven regarding that person, who should be called to discharge the office of bishop. Their prayers were heard, for an Angel sent from Heaven
:
announcedthesewords "TheAlmightyhathheardyourprayers,andalso
hathcommandedmetoindicatethenominationofRumold. Heisanonly son to the Scottish King, and he should be the Archbishop of your unanimous choice. The Eternal God hath designed him for this office, as being humble in spirit, abstemious in his habits, a lover of chastity and of charity, as like- wise one who advances each day in perfection. " These words directed the regards of all towards Rumold; but, he as little desired ecclesiastical as civic
61 These two
Gilmans, author or compiler of
gium Rubne Vallis," belonged to London and to Lincoln. The Codex Tungrensium Canonicorum Regularium has a similar statement. The Irish commentators on the Acta S. Rumoldi are doubtful, however, as to whether such assertion be a mere conjec-
ture, or as resting on some certain autho- rity. See Annotations, &c, nota 6, p. 82.
i. , sect, ii. ,
62
The Fathers of the Council of Nice de-
bishops,
"
cap.
creed, that it should be desirable and that all
the Bishops of the province ought to assist at
the consecration of a newly-elected Bishop ;
r, if this were found to be a great in- convenience, owing to the length of the journey, or because of instant necessity, at least three should assist at such consecration. Such is the statement as found in the Fourth Canon of that Council, quoted by Most Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, Bishop of Phila- delphia, and afterwards Archbishop of Bal- timore, in his "Theologia Moralis. " He adds : "Ad episcopatum conferendum ex lege Ecclcsiae ties requiruntur episcopi :
original work from Harris' interpositions. "
. . . Sufficere tamen unum episcopum at valent consecratio, plurimis probatur dis- pensationibus pontificiis vetustis et recentio-
ribus, aliUque vctcrum exempli*. " —
Vol.
iii. ,
60
It is said, that having confirmed his election, they
61
to assist at his consecration. 62 These prelates assented to the requirementsof the canons, and they were received with great honour. 6* These bishops also confirmed
Rumold's election, and, in company with the canons, and a great number of clergy, they approached his father's court, bearing sacred banners. The king was not a little surprised at their approach. He received them, however, with great respect, and he enquired, at the same time, their reason for approaching a worldly prince, with such unwonted demonstrations. The Archbishop of Can-
called upon the Archbishop of Canterbury, and two other Bishops,
6*
hereupon explained
to the
that his son had been elected only
king,
Archbishop of Dublin,6* by the unanimous vote of the canons, and having his
own confirmation of their choice. 66 However circumstantially these particu- lars have been narrated, yet there do not appear to have been bishops in Dublin, prior to the eleventh century.
terbury
according to John Tract xxi. De Ordine,
Hagiolo-
num. 12, p. 273.
63 See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyn-
sio, cap. vii. , pp. 19, 20.
64 Bishop Burke has a statement concern-
ing St. Rumold having been consecrated in
the cathedral of Dublin, by Cuthbert, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury. See " Officia Propria Sanctorum Hibernia-," Die prima Julii. In Festo S. Rumoldi. II. Nocturno Lect. iv. ,
p. 65.
65 The Rev. Dr. Lanigan will not allow,
that there were bishops even in Dublin, in
these times when St. Livinus, St. Disibod,
or St. Rumold flourished. He remarks :
" Ware has judiciously omitted these pre-
tended Bishops of Dublin, prior to the
eleventh century ; but Harris has foisted
them into his additions. I must here ob-
serve, that some modern writers are not
sufficiently cautious in distinguishing Ware's
—"
vol. iii. , chap, xix. , sect, xv. , n. 170, p. 200.
Ecclesiastical History of Ireland,"
66
lin have been copied into the Office of the Lateran Breviary, with this sole difference, that instead of archbishop, it makes him bishop.
The words of the Martyrology of Mech-
July i. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
CHAPTER II.
RUMOLD CONSENTS TO ACCEPT THE EPISCOPAL CHARGE AND HE IS DULY CONSECRATED —HIS LABOURS AS A BISHOP—ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH IN DUBLIN—AN ANGEL ADMONISHES ST. RUMOLD TO SEEK A MORE DISTANT FIELD FOR HIS ADMINISTRATIONS—HE LEAVES IRELAND FOR ENGLAND, AND THEN VISITS FRANCE—HE TRAVELS TO ROME—HIS INTERVIEW WITH THE POPE— RECOMMENDED TO VISIT BELGIUM AS THE FUTURE SCENE FOR HIS CAREER— MIRACLES—FAVOURABLY RECEIVED AT MECHLIN BY COUNT ADO—BIRTH OF HIS SON LIBERTUS—THE LATTER MIRACULOUSLY RESTORED TO LIFE—RUMOLD COM- MENCES THE ERECTION OF A CELL AT MECHLIN, AND THERE HE BUILDS A CHURCH IN HONOUR OF THE PROTOMARTYR ST. STEPHEN.
The Archbishop and clergy asked the monarch's consent, as we are told, so that he would allow his only son, and the heir of his kingdom, to be conse- crated Bishop, according to the heavenly choice made of him. Already aware of his son's destination, the king assented to the Archbishop's and canons'wishes. Hethankedthem,also,forthehonourtobeconferredupon himself and upon his son. At the same time, he told them, that Rumold was then
engaged at prayer. He brought the prelates with their attendants to that part
of the palace, where our saint had secluded himself. The Archbishop thus
addressedhim "ORumold,inflamedwiththeloveofGod,beforethouwertcon- :
ceived in thy mother's womb, the Almighty hath called thee to be Archbishop over Dublin, and shepherd of his flock; that you may feed Christ's sheep with the sweet pasturage of the Divine word, that you may teach them to worship and reverence God himself, and, moreover, that you may illustrate Christ's Church with your blood. Wherefore, come, joyfully prepare thyself for that state to which the Lord Jesus calls thee, whom thou shalt follow and rever-
ence with love and willingness. For, behold, we have decided, on making you Archbishop of Dublin ; and the whole body of canons, by angelic moni- tion, hath elected thee, as their chief prelate. " On hearing such words, Rumold felt greatly alarmed, saying, he was unworthy of such a dignity. He endeavoured by every possible argument, to exempt himself from undertaking those arduous duties, to which he was called. At last, not wishing to dis- obey the call of Heaven, Rumold humbly submitted to the Archbishop. He was then conducted to the cathedral church. There, according to the Roman ceremonial, he was inaugurated Archbishop, with great pomp and rejoicing.
This being accomplished, the consecrating prelates retired to their respective dioceses ; taking leave of the newly-appointed Archbishop and of his royal parents. These latter even gave thanks to God, for the dignity to which their son had been called ; and they exhorted him to persevere in a work, he had so happily commenced. They entreated him, likewise, to offer up his con- stant prayers for the prosperity of themselves and of their subjects. Taking leave of his parents, Rumold commended them to the care of the Most Holy
1
Trinity. Having
now received a commission for the Divine word, preaching
his first sermon was delivered on the Holy Trinity, and commenced with
"
In the beginning was the word. " He dilated on the mystery of the Incarnation, and he explained the whole Gospel of that beloved disciple to his people. Rumold preached many sermons in addition, and he drew several to a profession of Christianity, from the errors of unbelief. These were probably strangers, who had frequented
2
while besides these, he gained an abundant harvest of souls, by his teaching and
those, words, taken from St. John's Gospel :
Dublin City, at the time, for the sake of commercial or other pursuits ;
Chapter ii. — * See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domynsio, cap. viii. , pp.
14 See " Vitse Sanctorum," tomus hi. , pp. 13 to 27.
"
Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical History of
Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xix. , sect, xv. , n.
169, p. 199.
*5 See Die Prima In Festo S. Julii.
15 See "Natales Sanctorum
Belgii," pp.
Rumoldi, pp. 63 to 68. 16" 26"
136, 137.
See Fasti Belgici et Burgundici," pp. See vol. i. , Archbishops of Dublin,"
3SSto36i. P- 305.
2°
It appeared at Antwerp, a. d. 17 18.
MartyreMechlinisein Belgio, pp. 169 to 266. 21 "
It is intituled
Episcopi etMartyris Mechliniensium," Col- legit, digessit, illustravit, Joannes Baptista SolleriusSocietatisJesuTheologus. Many valuable historic documents are contained in this volume.
22 To this he refers with some of degree
triumph, in refuting the statements of Giral- dus Cambrensis, that Ireland furnished the Church with no martyrs. See " Apologia pro Hibernia," cap. ii. , p. 15. See also cap. iv. , p-37.
23 See ex. gr. Richard Coyne's Dublin edition, printed 1844, of " Breviarum Ro- manum," Supplementum ad Partem ^Esti- vam, pp. cexx. , cexxi.
24 These consist in great part of silly fables,
according to Dr. Lanigan. Some of these may be seen in Harris' account of St.
Rumold at
Bishops of Dublin. " See Rev.
:
July
Acta S. Rumoldi
as also in the works of
Bishop Challoner,
2 7 Rev. Alban 28 Rev. Dr. Butler,
7 ?
Lanigan, JohnD'Alton,3°
and Forbes. 31 Bishop
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July
for this saint. The Lessons of Bishop De Burgo are much less correct, how- ever, than those of the office, which is now read in Ireland.
Some particulars regarding St. Rumold are to be found in Harris' Ware,36
The constant tradition of the church of Mechlin,3* and the testimony of
every older writer, who has treated regarding this saint, make St. Rumold an
Irishman. 33 Rumold is said to have been the son of David, 3 * a king amongst
the Scots. 3s Again, it has been asserted, that this David had been King of
Dublin. However, the name of —David which has been given to St. Rumold's
even as resolved
DathiorNathi cannotbefoundinthelistofIrishmonarchs,soastocorre-
father the —
by foreign biographer
by
Irish writers into
Davi,
spondwiththegenerationprevioustoo—ursaint'sbirth. Norcanitevenbe found,inalistoftheKingsin—Leinster towhichprovinceRumold'sfather is thought to have belonged so as to agree with St. Rumold's chrono- logy. 36 Aconjectural statement has been advanced,3? which if accepted might be assigned probably as the paternal genealogy for our saint. Thus, perchance, Rumold was son to David, son of Cormac, son to Falbei, son of Eochod Clithfir, son to Columb, son of Cormac Camshron, son to David, son ofCrimthann, King of Leinster, &c. It is stated, in a Life of St. Rumold, that his father David, being a man of virtue and of exalted birth, was anxious to procure a partner, possessed of like advantages. He had heard much regarding the fame and virtues of Cecilia, a daughter to the King of Sicily. This lady he espoused, with her father's consent, and their nuptials were celebrated with great pomp. The people of his own nation testified extraordinary joy, on the happy occasion. 38 Another writer 3 ? states, that his queen was Csecilia, daughter to a King of Cashel. However, Theodoric and the Lateran Breviary omit altogether the names of St. Rumold's parents. These authorities merely state, that he was of the royal house of Ireland, and by right of succession heir to a throne/ An ancient writer of his Acts ^ declares, that as he had no knowledge regarding the parents and ancestors of St. Rumold, so should he not refer further to them, while it must be unneces-
2* See M Britannia Sancta," part ii. , pp.
See Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and other principal Saints," vol. vii. , July i.
29 See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
land," vol. hi. , chap, arix. , sect, xv. , pp. 197 to 201.
3° See «• Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin," pp. ,21 to 23.
31 See "Kalendars of Scottish Saints," P- 442-
33 The Martyrology of Mechlin states, that St. Rumold had been Archbishop of Dublin ; and hence, as well as from other documents, Molanus justly argued against some persons, who—taking advantage of the n—ame Scotia as being the country of his birth strove to make him a native of the present Scotland.
"
Ecclesiastical ry of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xix. ,
sect, xv. , n. 169, p. 200.
3* Molanus says, that old documents of the
church of Mechlin make him son of a King David, which name is supposed, by Rev.
Dr. Lanigan to be meant for Dathy. By persons writing in Latin, this Irish name has been sometimes changed into David,
35 According to the Life of St. Rumold, by Domyns.
36 The most probable conjecture, which Ward or O'Sheerin can form is, that per-
haps, David or Nathy, the father of Senach, was also the father of St. Rumold. To escape a difficulty which occurs in the Life of our saint, that his father had been without children, this is supposed referable to St. Rumold's mother alone. By her, or by any other woman, it is thought he had nolegiti- mate offspring, excepting our saint,
37 See Annotationes, p. 78.
3« See vita S. Rumoldi, cap. i. , auctore
39 See De " Officia Sanc- Burgo's propria
torum Hibernix," Noct. ii. , Lect. iv,, p. 65. <° See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xix. , sect, xv. , n. 171, p. 201.
« See Theodoric's Vita S. Rumoldi, cap. 2, p. 2.
2, 3*
28 "
» See Rev. Dr.
Lanigan'i
Domynsio, p. 15.
July i. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
sary to seek additional fruit from the parent trunk, when one of its branches produced more than sufficient to spread fertility around. It is related, that the saint'sfatherruledoveraprincipality,calledGueruiana. Thisprincewasa manofremarkable asalso
prudence,
the comments of Fathers Ward and O'Sheerin, some attempts are made to
investigate the exact personality of this king, and the location of his princi-
pality. ^ Having stated, that no place, called Gueria, Gueriana, Guaria, or
Guaruiana can be found in Scotland ; it is thought, there are several places
in Ireland, which bear an affinity to such names. Among others, in the
ancient territory of Breffny O'Reilly, there is a mountain well known as Sliabh
Guere ; there is another castle, in the county of Galvvay, called Durlas
Guere 44 there is another place, called Gort-insi-Guere, near the former, an ;
42
See Vita S. Rumoldi, cap. i. , auctore
propagated the Catholic faith in foreign coun-
tries, or who illustrated it by their blood.
See De " Officia Sanctorum Burgo's Propria
Hibernise," pp. 65, 66. Also, the same
entreated the —Gualafer4? they holy
then of Dublin s° Archbishop
exceedingly wealthy
inheritance of the — 4* and another is
—istant from one miles and place twenty-three
thirty-seven miles from the other this was called Guere an Ri. This latter place is supposed to have been the city belonging to our saint's father, and which was named Gueruiana. Some conjectures have been hazarded,46 to show, that St. Rumold was an Anglo-Saxon, who had embraced the monastic state at Mayo, and that having heard of St. Willibrord's progress in Belgium, he went to that country, and thence to be qualified for the mission to Rome, where he was consecrated bishop. 4? Then it was thought, that he returned to Belgium, and thus had been advanced to the See of Mechlin. But he was an Irishman 48 by birth, and a Scot of the original Scotia. The Martyrology of Mechlin brings St. Rumold from that part of Scotia, which is now called Ireland.
We may take it for granted, that much of the story which follows is purely imaginary, but it is to be found in the legend of St. Rumold's Acts. Being without children, David his father felt desirous of having a son, who might inherithisprincipality; however,hismarriagedidnotappeartoaccomplish the king's wishes, for a long time. The pious couple had frequently offered prayers in the churches, and had exercised other works of piety, so that the Almighty would be pleased to grant an heir—, for their large possessions. It
betweenDublinandWexford d
O'Shaughnessys
; village known, lying
is said,
according to St. Rumold's Life that he too would implore the Most Holy Trinity, in their behalf. The prelate prostrated himself in prayer with the king and queen. An angel then appeared to them, saying these words :
Domynsio, pp. 14, 15.
43 See Animadversiones in
utramque prse- cedentem historiam Vita? S. Rumoldi, De
auctoribus, pp. 74 to 78.
44 This was formerly a residence of Guaire
the Hospitable, King of Connaught.
45 This clan claims descent from Guaire
the Hospitable. 46 By Soller.
47 The hypothesis of Soller is mentioned, but it has not been adopted, in the " Gallia Christiana," tomus v. , at Ecclesia Mech- liniensis.
48 The opinion of Rumold having been a
"
Hibernia Dominicana," cap. i. ,
native of Ireland was so universally admitted,
that the learned Pope, Benedict XIV. , in a cal History of our Island. See Rev. Dr.
letter written to the Catholic Bishops of Ire- land, and dated August 15th, 1741, reckons him among the great Irish saints, who either
Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
land," vol. iii. , chap, xix. , sect, xv. , p. 198, and n. 170, p. 201.
writer's
num. xiv. , p. 22.
49 This mode of spelling is supposed by Rev. Dr. Lani»an to be identical with the
name Gallagher.
s° it must be remarked, according to the
best authorities on Irish history, that at this
period there was no archbishop, or even a diocesan bishop, at Dublin ; but, it is sup- posed, the foreign writer had been led into the error of assigning Gaulafer to this See, through ignorance regarding the Ecclesiasti-
and 2 In powerful. '*
:
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July i.
* Abandon your grieving, for the queen shall bear a son, most fair in body and pleasing to God, and he shall bring many to Christ, from the errors of heathenism. "s1 After this announcement, the queen conceived a son, who was born in due course of time. Her infant was exceedingly beautiful, and Rumold's birth afforded his parents great joy. Gualafer was selected to administer the rite of sa when his
baptism. Yet,
name their child, they felt at a loss to agree upon that matter. Whereupon, the
days,withouttakinganyothernourishment. Thesamedayswereafterwards observed by him, in a course of rigid fasting, at a more advanced period of his life.
At the age of five, his parents resigned him to the charge of Guala- fer, to be instructed in learning and virtue ; 5^ and, under care of this prelate, he remained until his fifteenth year. Then, he was withdrawn by his father to the palace, where he was to be instructed in all princely accomplishments. But, regal pomp and honours seemed to have little attractions for the mind of this holy youth, who endeavoured always to acquire a spirit of most profound humility, and who spent day and night in prayer, while under the paternal
roof. All the temporal possessions he acquired were given to the poor ; he attended to the wants of infirm persons, and of those in prison ; while he
showed the greatest affability and submission to all belonging to his father's household. Thus,hefulfilledinamostperfectmanner,thevariousprecepts ofGod. 55 Whilstengagedinprayer,atalatehourofnight,theAngelofour
" This child has been asked of God and given by him. I there-
prelate said
fore entreat you, prostrate in prayer with me, to offer your prayers devoutly to the Almighty, that as he bestowed upon us this infant, so he may also indi- cateforusasuitablename. " Afterprayer,anangelstoodbeforethebishop, and commanded him to give the name, Rumold, to the boy. This order was instantlyobeyed. 53 Whilstevenyetaninfant,it seemedasifRumoldwere destined by heaven, for the exalted mission and sanctity of his after life. It is related, that by Divine inspiration, he fasted thrice on each week—on the second, fourth, and sixth days ; using only suck, once on the return of these
Lord once appeared to him, and said
:
" O Rumold, child of good disposi-
tions, the Most High hath elected and loved thee, because for his name thou
hast rejected worldly honours and delights. He is about to bestow on
thee a heavenly crown, in place of the temporal one, which is thy due.
Wherefore, thou shalt persevere in what thou hast undertaken, and thou shalt
notfailtofollow,inthefootstepsofourLordJesusChrist. Rejectingpomp
and worldly applause, preserve as a flower thy chastity unsullied. Be humble
towards all, in the name of Christ, bestow alms on the poor and destitute.
Religiously instruct the people given or to be given to thy charge ; treat the
Church of God and its ministers with honour and love. In fine, always pre-
serve yourself free from bad actions, and from impure thoughts ; for, beyond
doubt, the Most High will direct your acts, by enlightening your mind and
in guiding your steps. " Having spoken these words, the angel disappeared.
Immediately Rumold resolved upon leaving all earthly possessions for the sake
ofChristandthe 6 Hesaid "I thee Gospel. s : give
thanks,
O
Almighty God,
5 ' See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyns- sio, cap. n. ,p. 15.
Bishop of Dublin l,y Molnnus, but no particulars are related 01 him, except that he baptized bis Rumold. "—John D'Alton's
53 See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyn-
16.
''Gualafer is mentioned as
54 " See Harris' Ware, vol. i. ,
Memoii»oftheAi 21
(Dublin/'
55 See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyn- sio, cap. iv. , pp. 16, 17.
Bishop Chalknor'a "Britannia Sancta," part ii. , July I, p. 2.
sio, cap. iii. , p.
parents
were called to upon,
Bishops and Archbishops of Dublin," p. 305.
July i. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
whohaththusdeignedtoinstructme. Ipraytheethen,throughthegreat- ness of that bounty and love, with which thou hast favoured the human race, when from the highest heaven and from the right hand of thy Father, thou hastdescendedtothisvaleoftears. Here,astrueman,OmostlovingJesus, thou hast wished to endure penury, hunger, thirst and heat ; likewise con- tumely, injury, derision, and, in fine, a most ignominious death, according to the prediction of the Prophets. I pray, that thy bitter passion may not be inefficacious as regards me, thy servant. As thou hast promised, I entreat thee, always to have a care over me, and lead me into the way of thy com- mandments ; that, at length, after this life is over, I may deserve a heavenly
crown, for which I have left an earthly kingdom. " In these pious sentiments, our saint persevered as he grew up, and he was loved by all on account of
his extraordinary virtue. 57
Some time after this occurred, Rumold's parents took counsel with the
magnates of their principality, as we are informed, to devise a suitable matrimonial alliance for their son. When a long time had been spent in these consultations, his parents desired Rumold to be summoned to their presence. During this interval, he had been engaged at prayer, within his oratory. When he attended the summons of his parents and their counsellors, they told him the purpose for which they were assembled, viz. , that they might be able to obtain for him the hand of some lady, distinguished by her illustrious birth. Thus they entertained a hope, that legitimate offspring might succeed to the
inheritance, on the death of Rumold's father.
To these remarks the saint
I entreat do not allude to you,
replied :
parents
magnates,
"
My
honoured
and
this subject. I have renounced for ever this world's vain honours, and woman's
companionship ; for, I have entirely devoted myself to God, my Creator, and
Ihaveresolvedtopreservechastityinthisbody. FortheLordJesus,who
rejected an earthly kingdom, hath commanded me to follow him in poverty, in humility, and in austerity. Forsooth, you may consider, in what manner an earthly kingdom and the blandishments of woman should profit me ;
when, in a short time, I must leave them, having nothing to give, in gratitude for numberless benefits I have received. Wherefore, I beseech you, abandon those designs j for I have determined, while breath remains in this body, to lead a pious, chaste and holy life. " Our saint's mother endeavoured to change his resolution, by saying, that she felt surprised her son set such little value on his principality ; and, the more so, as in his station of life, he could apply himself to every practice of devotion. Rumold replied : although such might be the case, this opinion admitted of some doubt ; for, if a man engaged in much worldly business should lead a blameless life, yet, as a con- sequence, the soul's pious aspirations must necessarily be weakened. Where- fore, he was resolved to adopt a more secure course, by avoiding altogether the allurements of this world. *8 On hearing these remarks, his father remem- bered Gualafer's predictions before Rumold's conception. Moved by them, he felt more inclined to consult for his son's wishes than did his mother. Wherefore, his father left Rumold free to adopt whatever state of life he had resolved on ; notwithstanding his own and his counsellors' previous deter- mination. 59
57 See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyn- Lect. iv. , p. 65.
sio, cap. v. , pp. 17, 18.
<<
S3 See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyn-
sio, cap. vi. , pp. 18, 19.
*> See De " Officia Propria Sanc- Burgo's
torum Hibernise," Die Prima Julii, Noct. ii. f Lect. iv. , p. 65.
58
Parentibus
ret. "—De Burgo's "Officia Propria Sane- torum HiberniEe. " Die prima Julii, Noct. ii. ,
Regales Nuptias, et Regnum sibi a
oblatum,
constantissime recusa-
dignities or emoluments.
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July
It appears, however, that Archbishop Gualafer, as he is called, died shortly afterwards ; and, the canons of his cathedral church, according to their cus- tom, assembled together, to elect a successor. But, at this meeting, they were by no means unanimously agreed, as to the object of their choice. Adopting the advice of a religious and wise man, they prayed to ascertain the will of heaven regarding that person, who should be called to discharge the office of bishop. Their prayers were heard, for an Angel sent from Heaven
:
announcedthesewords "TheAlmightyhathheardyourprayers,andalso
hathcommandedmetoindicatethenominationofRumold. Heisanonly son to the Scottish King, and he should be the Archbishop of your unanimous choice. The Eternal God hath designed him for this office, as being humble in spirit, abstemious in his habits, a lover of chastity and of charity, as like- wise one who advances each day in perfection. " These words directed the regards of all towards Rumold; but, he as little desired ecclesiastical as civic
61 These two
Gilmans, author or compiler of
gium Rubne Vallis," belonged to London and to Lincoln. The Codex Tungrensium Canonicorum Regularium has a similar statement. The Irish commentators on the Acta S. Rumoldi are doubtful, however, as to whether such assertion be a mere conjec-
ture, or as resting on some certain autho- rity. See Annotations, &c, nota 6, p. 82.
i. , sect, ii. ,
62
The Fathers of the Council of Nice de-
bishops,
"
cap.
creed, that it should be desirable and that all
the Bishops of the province ought to assist at
the consecration of a newly-elected Bishop ;
r, if this were found to be a great in- convenience, owing to the length of the journey, or because of instant necessity, at least three should assist at such consecration. Such is the statement as found in the Fourth Canon of that Council, quoted by Most Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, Bishop of Phila- delphia, and afterwards Archbishop of Bal- timore, in his "Theologia Moralis. " He adds : "Ad episcopatum conferendum ex lege Ecclcsiae ties requiruntur episcopi :
original work from Harris' interpositions. "
. . . Sufficere tamen unum episcopum at valent consecratio, plurimis probatur dis- pensationibus pontificiis vetustis et recentio-
ribus, aliUque vctcrum exempli*. " —
Vol.
iii. ,
60
It is said, that having confirmed his election, they
61
to assist at his consecration. 62 These prelates assented to the requirementsof the canons, and they were received with great honour. 6* These bishops also confirmed
Rumold's election, and, in company with the canons, and a great number of clergy, they approached his father's court, bearing sacred banners. The king was not a little surprised at their approach. He received them, however, with great respect, and he enquired, at the same time, their reason for approaching a worldly prince, with such unwonted demonstrations. The Archbishop of Can-
called upon the Archbishop of Canterbury, and two other Bishops,
6*
hereupon explained
to the
that his son had been elected only
king,
Archbishop of Dublin,6* by the unanimous vote of the canons, and having his
own confirmation of their choice. 66 However circumstantially these particu- lars have been narrated, yet there do not appear to have been bishops in Dublin, prior to the eleventh century.
terbury
according to John Tract xxi. De Ordine,
Hagiolo-
num. 12, p. 273.
63 See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domyn-
sio, cap. vii. , pp. 19, 20.
64 Bishop Burke has a statement concern-
ing St. Rumold having been consecrated in
the cathedral of Dublin, by Cuthbert, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury. See " Officia Propria Sanctorum Hibernia-," Die prima Julii. In Festo S. Rumoldi. II. Nocturno Lect. iv. ,
p. 65.
65 The Rev. Dr. Lanigan will not allow,
that there were bishops even in Dublin, in
these times when St. Livinus, St. Disibod,
or St. Rumold flourished. He remarks :
" Ware has judiciously omitted these pre-
tended Bishops of Dublin, prior to the
eleventh century ; but Harris has foisted
them into his additions. I must here ob-
serve, that some modern writers are not
sufficiently cautious in distinguishing Ware's
—"
vol. iii. , chap, xix. , sect, xv. , n. 170, p. 200.
Ecclesiastical History of Ireland,"
66
lin have been copied into the Office of the Lateran Breviary, with this sole difference, that instead of archbishop, it makes him bishop.
The words of the Martyrology of Mech-
July i. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
CHAPTER II.
RUMOLD CONSENTS TO ACCEPT THE EPISCOPAL CHARGE AND HE IS DULY CONSECRATED —HIS LABOURS AS A BISHOP—ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH IN DUBLIN—AN ANGEL ADMONISHES ST. RUMOLD TO SEEK A MORE DISTANT FIELD FOR HIS ADMINISTRATIONS—HE LEAVES IRELAND FOR ENGLAND, AND THEN VISITS FRANCE—HE TRAVELS TO ROME—HIS INTERVIEW WITH THE POPE— RECOMMENDED TO VISIT BELGIUM AS THE FUTURE SCENE FOR HIS CAREER— MIRACLES—FAVOURABLY RECEIVED AT MECHLIN BY COUNT ADO—BIRTH OF HIS SON LIBERTUS—THE LATTER MIRACULOUSLY RESTORED TO LIFE—RUMOLD COM- MENCES THE ERECTION OF A CELL AT MECHLIN, AND THERE HE BUILDS A CHURCH IN HONOUR OF THE PROTOMARTYR ST. STEPHEN.
The Archbishop and clergy asked the monarch's consent, as we are told, so that he would allow his only son, and the heir of his kingdom, to be conse- crated Bishop, according to the heavenly choice made of him. Already aware of his son's destination, the king assented to the Archbishop's and canons'wishes. Hethankedthem,also,forthehonourtobeconferredupon himself and upon his son. At the same time, he told them, that Rumold was then
engaged at prayer. He brought the prelates with their attendants to that part
of the palace, where our saint had secluded himself. The Archbishop thus
addressedhim "ORumold,inflamedwiththeloveofGod,beforethouwertcon- :
ceived in thy mother's womb, the Almighty hath called thee to be Archbishop over Dublin, and shepherd of his flock; that you may feed Christ's sheep with the sweet pasturage of the Divine word, that you may teach them to worship and reverence God himself, and, moreover, that you may illustrate Christ's Church with your blood. Wherefore, come, joyfully prepare thyself for that state to which the Lord Jesus calls thee, whom thou shalt follow and rever-
ence with love and willingness. For, behold, we have decided, on making you Archbishop of Dublin ; and the whole body of canons, by angelic moni- tion, hath elected thee, as their chief prelate. " On hearing such words, Rumold felt greatly alarmed, saying, he was unworthy of such a dignity. He endeavoured by every possible argument, to exempt himself from undertaking those arduous duties, to which he was called. At last, not wishing to dis- obey the call of Heaven, Rumold humbly submitted to the Archbishop. He was then conducted to the cathedral church. There, according to the Roman ceremonial, he was inaugurated Archbishop, with great pomp and rejoicing.
This being accomplished, the consecrating prelates retired to their respective dioceses ; taking leave of the newly-appointed Archbishop and of his royal parents. These latter even gave thanks to God, for the dignity to which their son had been called ; and they exhorted him to persevere in a work, he had so happily commenced. They entreated him, likewise, to offer up his con- stant prayers for the prosperity of themselves and of their subjects. Taking leave of his parents, Rumold commended them to the care of the Most Holy
1
Trinity. Having
now received a commission for the Divine word, preaching
his first sermon was delivered on the Holy Trinity, and commenced with
"
In the beginning was the word. " He dilated on the mystery of the Incarnation, and he explained the whole Gospel of that beloved disciple to his people. Rumold preached many sermons in addition, and he drew several to a profession of Christianity, from the errors of unbelief. These were probably strangers, who had frequented
2
while besides these, he gained an abundant harvest of souls, by his teaching and
those, words, taken from St. John's Gospel :
Dublin City, at the time, for the sake of commercial or other pursuits ;
Chapter ii. — * See Vita S. Rumoldi, auctore Domynsio, cap. viii. , pp.
