)
plebeians in their secession to the Sacred Mount, The annexed stemma exhibits the probable fa-
B.
plebeians in their secession to the Sacred Mount, The annexed stemma exhibits the probable fa-
B.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
L.
JUNIUS BRUTUS, was elected consul in
Fam. xii. 38. )
B. C. 509, according to the chronology of the Fasti,
2. A philologer, with whom M. Cicero, the son upon the expulsion of the Tarquins from Rome.
of the orator, studied at Athens, in B. C. 44. (Cic. His story, the greater part of which belongs to
ad Fam. xvi. 21. )
poetry, ran as follows: The sister of king Tarquin
BRU'TTIUS SURA. (SURA. ]
the Proud, married M. Brutus, a man of great
BRUẤTULUS PA'PIUS, a man of noble rank wealth, who died leaving two sons under age. Of
and great power among the Samnites, who per- these the elder was killed by Tarquin, who covet-
suaded his countrymen to undertake a second war ed their possessions ; the younger escaped his bro-
against the Romans; but the Samnites, after their ther's fate only by feigning idiocy, whence he re-
disasters in B. c. 322, became anxious for a peace, ceived the surname of Brutus. After a while,
and resolved to deliver up Brutulus to the Romans. Tarquin became alarmed by the prodigy of a serpent
His corpse, however, was all that they could give crawling from the altar in the royal palace, and
their enemies; for Brutulus put an end to his accordingly sent his two sons, Titus and Aruns, to
own life, to avoid perishing by the hands of the consult the oracle at Delphi. They took with
Romans. (Liv. viii. 39. )
them their cousin Brutus, who propitiated the
BRUTUS, the name of a plebeian family of the priestess with the gift of a golden stick enclosed in
Junia Gens, which traced its descent from the first a hollow staff. After executing the king's com-
consul, L. Junius Brutus. (Comp. Cic. Phil. i. 6, mission, the youths asked the priestess who was to
Brut. 4. ) It was denied by many of the ancients that reign at Rome after Tarquin, and the reply was,
this family could be descended from the first consul, He who first kisses his mother. ” Thereupon the
first, because the latter was a patrician, and secondly, sons of Tarquin agreed to draw lots, which of
because his race became extinct at his death, as he them should first kiss their mother upon arriving
had only two sons, who were executed by his own at Rome; but Brutus, who better understood the
orders. (Dionys. v. 18, comp. vi. 70; Dion. Cass. meaning of the oracle, stumbled upon the ground
xliv. 12; Plut. Brut. 1. ) Posidonius, indeed, as- as they quitted the temple, and kissed the earth,
serted that there was a third son, who was a child mother of them all. Soon after followed the rape
when his brothers were put to death, and that the of Lucretia ; and Brutus accompanied the unfor-
plebeian family was descended from him; and he tupate father to Rome, when his daughter sent
even pretended to discover a likeness in many of for him to the camp at Ardea. Brutus was pre-
the Bruti to the statue of the first consul. (Plut. sent at her death, and the moment had now come
## p. 508 (#528) ############################################
508
BRUTUS.
BRUTUS.
for avenging his own and his country's wrongs. I their towns, Cutina and Cingilia (Liv. viii 12,
In the capacity of Tribunus Cclerum, which office | 29; Diod. xviii. 2. )
he then held, and which bore the same relation to 6. D. JUNIUS D. F. BRUTUS SCAEVA, legate
the royal power as that of the Magister Equitum B. c. 293 in the army of the consul Sp. Carvilius
did to the dictatorship, he summoned the people, Maximus, and consul in 29:2. (Liv. X. 43, 47. )
obtained the banishment of the Tarquins, and was In his consulship he conquered the Faliscans: Sp.
elected consul with L. Tarquinius Collatinus in the Carvilius, the consul of the preceding year, served
comitia centuriatı. Resolved to maintain the free- under him as legate by command of the senate.
dom of the infant republic, he loved his country (Zonar. viii. 1. )
better than his children, and accordingly put to 7. D. JUNIUS BRUTUS, probably a son of the
death his two sons, when they were detected in a preceding, exhibited, in conjunction with his
conspiracy with several other of the young Roman brother Marcus, the first gladiatorial combat at
nobles, for the purpose of restoring the Tarquins. Rome in the Forum Boarium, at his father's
lle moreover compelled his colleague, L. Tarquinius funeral in B. c. 264. (Liv. Epit. 16 ; Val. Max.
Collatinus, to resign his consulship and leave the ii. 4. $ 7. )
city, that none of the hated family might remain in 8. M. JUNIUS BRUTUS, brother of the preced-
Rome. And when the people of Veii and Tar- ing. (Val. Max. I. c. )
quinii attempted to bring Tarquin back by force 9. M. JUNIUS Brutus, tribune of the plebs,
of arms, Brutus marched against them, and, fight- B. c. 195, endeavoured with his colleague P. Junius
ing with Aruns, the son of Tarquin, he and Aruns Brutus to prevent the repeal of the Oppia lex,
both fell, pierced by each other's spears. The ma- which restrained the expenses of women. He was
trons mourned for Brutus a year, and a bronze praetor in 191, and had the jurisdiction in the
statue was erected to him on the capitol, with a city, while his colleagues obtained the provinces.
drawn sword in his hand. (Liv. j. 56-60, ii. 1 - During his praetorship he dedicated the temple of
7 ; Dionys. iv. 67-85, v. 1–18; Macrob. ii. the Great Idaean Mother, on which occasion the
16 ; Dion. Cass. xlii. 45; Plut. Brut. 1. ) Megalesian games were performed for the first
The contradictions and chronological impossibi- time. (Dict. of Ant. s. v. Megalesia. ) He was one
lities in this account have been pointed out by of the ambassadors sent into Asia in 189, to settle
Niebuhr. (i. p. 511. ) Thus, for instance, the last the terms of peace with Antiochus the Great.
Tarquin is said to have reigned only twenty-five (Liv. xxxiv. 1 ; Val. Max. ix. 1. $ 3 ; Liv. xxxv.
years, and yet Brutus is represented as a child at 24, xxxvi. 2, 36, xxxvii. 55. ) This M. Junius
the beginning of his reign, and the father of young Brutus may be the same as No. 12, who was con-
men at the close of it. Again, the tale of his sul in 178.
idiocy is irreconcileable with his holding the re- 10. P. JUNIUS BRUTUS, probably the brother of
sponsible office of Tribunus Celerum. That he did the preceding, was his colleague in the tribunate,
hold this office seems to be an historical fact (Pom- B. C. 195. He was curule aedile in 192, and prae-
pon. de Orig. Juris, Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. & 15); tor in 190 ; in the latter office he had the province
and the story of his idiocy probably arose from of Etruria, where he remained as propraetor in the
his surname, which may, however, as we have following year, 189. From thence he was sent by
seen, have had a very different meaning originally. the senate into Further Spain, which was decreed
2. T. JUNICS BRUTUS, and
to him as a province. (Liv. xxxiv. 1; Val. Max.
3. Tí. Junius BRUTUS, the sons of the first ix. l. § 3 ; Liv. xxxv. 41, xxxvi. 45, xxxvii. 2,
consul and of Vitellia (Liv. ii. 4), were executed 50, 57. )
by their father's orders, as related above. (Dionys. 11. D. JUNIUS BRUTUS, one of the trium virs
v. 6—8 ; Liv. ii, 4, 5. )
for founding a colony in the territory of Sipontum,
4. L. JUNIUS BRUTUS, one of the leaders of the B. c. 194. (Liv. xxxiv. 35.
)
plebeians in their secession to the Sacred Mount, The annexed stemma exhibits the probable fa-
B. C. 494, is represented by Dionysius as a ple mily connexion of the following persons, Nos 12
beian, who took the surname of Brutus, that his to 17 inclusive.
name might be exactly the same as the first con-
12. M. Junius Brutus, cos. B. c. 178.
bul’s. He was, according to the same authority,
chosen one of the first tribunes of the plebs in this
year, and also plebeian aedile in the year that
15. D. Junius Brutus Gal-
Coriolanus was brought to trial. (Dionys. vi. 70, 13. M. Junius Brutus,
the jurist.
&c. , 87-89, vii. 14, 26. ) This Brutus is not
laecus, cos. B. C. 138.
mentioned by any ancient writer except Dionysius,
.
16. D. Junius Brutus,
and Plutarch (Coriol. 7) who copies from him. 14. M. Junius Brutus,
the accuser.
The old reading in Asconius (in Cornel. p. 76, ed.
cos. B. c. 77.
Orelli) made L. Junius C. F. Paterculus one of the
1
first tribunes ; but Junius was an alteration made
17. D. Junius Brutus Albinus,
by Manutius, and Paterculus nowhere occurs as a
one of Caesar's assassins.
cognomen of the Junia gens: the true reading is 12. M. JUNIUS M. F. L. N. BRUTUS, the son of
Albinius. [ALBINIUS. ) Niebuhr supposes (i. p. 617) No. 9, unless he is the same person, was consul B. C.
that this L. Junius Brutus of Dionysius is an en- 178, and had the conduct of the war against the
tirely fictitious person.
Istri, whom he subdued in the following year, and
5. D. Junius BRUTUS SCAEVA, magister compelled them to subunit to the Romans. (Liv.
equitum to the dictator Q. Publilius Philo, B. c. xl. 59, xli. 9, 14, 15; Obsequ. 62. ) He was one
339, and plebeian consul in 325 with the patrician of the ambassadors sent into Asia in 171, to exhort
L. Furius Camillus. He carried on war in his the allies to assist the Romans in their war against
consulship against the Vestini, whom he conquered Perseus. He was an unsuccessful candidate for
in battle, after a hard contest, and took two of the censorship in 169. (Liv. xlii. 45, xliii. 16. )
## p. 509 (#529) ############################################
BRUTUS.
509
BRUTUS.
13. * M. JUNIUS BRUTUS, an eminent Roman | the accusation of Cn. Plancus, made soine charges
jurist, who, judging from his praenomen and the of inconsistency against L. Licinius Crassus, the
time in which he is said to have lived, was pro- orator ; and Cicero twice (de Orut. ii. 55, pro
bably a son of No. 12. He is mentioned by Pom- Cluent. 51) relates the bons mots (bene dicta) of
ponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 39), along with P. Mucius Crassus, recriminating upon the extravagance of
and Manilius, as one of the three founders of civil the accuser.
law; and it may be inferred from Pomponius, that 15. D. JUNIUS M. F. M. N. BRUTUS GALLAE-
though he was praetor, he never attained the rank CUS (CALLAECUS) or Callaicus, son of No. 12 and
of consul. The passage of Pomponius, according to brother of No. 13, was a contemporary of the Grac-
the reading which has been suggested, is as follows: chi, and one of the most celebrated generals of his age.
-Post hos fuerunt P. Mucius et Manilius et Brutus He belonged to the aristocratical party, and in his
(vulg. et Brutus et Manilius), qui fundaverunt jus consulship with P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica, in B. C.
cirile. Ex his P. Mucius etiam decem libellos 138, distinguished himself by his opposition to the
reliquit, septem Manilius, Brutus tres (vulg. Brutus tribunes. He refused to bring before the senate a
septem, Manilius tres). Illi duo consulares fuerunt, proposition for the purchase of corn for the people;
Brutus praetorius, P. autem Mucius etiam pontifex and when the tribunes wished to have the power
maximus. The transposition of the names Brutus of exempting ten persons apiece from the military
and Manilius makes the clause Illi duo consu- levies, he and his colleagne refused to allow theni
lares fuerunt, Brutus praetorius, consistent with this privilege. In consequence of this they were
the former part of the sentence. It also makes committed to prison by the tribune C. Curiatius.
the testimony of Pomponius consistent with that (Val. Max. iii. 7. $ 3; Liv. Epit. 55; Cic. de Leg.
of Cicero, who reports, on the authority of Scaevola, iii
. 9. ) The province of Further Spain was assign-
that Brutus left no more than three genuine books ed to Brutus, whither he proceeded in the same
de jure civile. (De Orat. ii. 55. ) That more, how- . year. In order to pacify the province, he assigned
ever, was attributed to Brutus than he really lands to those who had served under Viriathus,
wrote may be inferred from the particularity of and founded the town of Valentia. But as Lusi-
Cicero's statement. Brutns is frequently referred tania continued to be overrun with parties of
to as a high authority on points of law in ancient marauders, he laid waste the country in every
classical and legal authors (e. 9. compare Cic. de direction, took numerous towns, and advanced as
Fin. i. 4, and Dig. 7. tit. 1. s. 68, pr. ; again, com- far as the river Lethe or Oblivio, as the Romans
pare Cic. ad Fam. vii. 22, and Gell. xvii. 7). In translated the name of the river, which was also
the books of Brutus are contained some of the called Limaea, Limia or Belion, now Lima. (Strab.
responsa which he gave to clients, and he and in. p. 153; Mela, iii. 1; Plin. H. N. iv. 22. s. 35. )
Cato are censured by Cicero for publishing the Here the soldiers at first refused to march further;
actual names of the persons, male and female, who but when Brutus seized the standard from the
consulted them, as if, in law, there were anything standard-bearer, and began to cross the river alone,
in a name. (De Orat. ii. 32. ) From the frag- they immediately followed him. From thence they
ments we possess (de Orat. ü. 55), Brutus certainly advanced to the Minius (Minho), which he crossed
appears to enter into unlawyer-like details, giving and continued his march till he arrived at the
us the very names of the villas where he happened ocean, where the Romans saw with astonishment
to be. Whether Servius Sulpicius commented upon the sun set in its waters. In this country he sub-
Brutus is a much disputed question. Ulpian (Dig. dued various tribes, among whom the Bracari are
14. tit. 3. 8. 5. § 1) cites Servius libro primo ad mentioned as the most warlike. He also conquered
Brutum, and Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. 6. 2. § 44) | the Gallaeci, who had come to the assistance of
asserts that Servius duos librus ad Brutum perquam their neighbours with an army of 60,000 men, and
brevissimos ad Edictum subscriptos reliquit. It is it was from his victory over them that he obtained
commonly supposed that Servius, instead of com- the surname of Gallaecus. The work of subjuga-
menting on the work of the jurisconsult, dedicated tion, however, proceeded but slowly, as many towns
his short notes on the Edict to M. Junius Brutus, after submission again revolted, among which Ta-
the assassin of Julius Caesar, or else to the father labriga is particularly mentioned. In the midst of
of the so-called tyrannicide. (Zimmern, R.
Fam. xii. 38. )
B. C. 509, according to the chronology of the Fasti,
2. A philologer, with whom M. Cicero, the son upon the expulsion of the Tarquins from Rome.
of the orator, studied at Athens, in B. C. 44. (Cic. His story, the greater part of which belongs to
ad Fam. xvi. 21. )
poetry, ran as follows: The sister of king Tarquin
BRU'TTIUS SURA. (SURA. ]
the Proud, married M. Brutus, a man of great
BRUẤTULUS PA'PIUS, a man of noble rank wealth, who died leaving two sons under age. Of
and great power among the Samnites, who per- these the elder was killed by Tarquin, who covet-
suaded his countrymen to undertake a second war ed their possessions ; the younger escaped his bro-
against the Romans; but the Samnites, after their ther's fate only by feigning idiocy, whence he re-
disasters in B. c. 322, became anxious for a peace, ceived the surname of Brutus. After a while,
and resolved to deliver up Brutulus to the Romans. Tarquin became alarmed by the prodigy of a serpent
His corpse, however, was all that they could give crawling from the altar in the royal palace, and
their enemies; for Brutulus put an end to his accordingly sent his two sons, Titus and Aruns, to
own life, to avoid perishing by the hands of the consult the oracle at Delphi. They took with
Romans. (Liv. viii. 39. )
them their cousin Brutus, who propitiated the
BRUTUS, the name of a plebeian family of the priestess with the gift of a golden stick enclosed in
Junia Gens, which traced its descent from the first a hollow staff. After executing the king's com-
consul, L. Junius Brutus. (Comp. Cic. Phil. i. 6, mission, the youths asked the priestess who was to
Brut. 4. ) It was denied by many of the ancients that reign at Rome after Tarquin, and the reply was,
this family could be descended from the first consul, He who first kisses his mother. ” Thereupon the
first, because the latter was a patrician, and secondly, sons of Tarquin agreed to draw lots, which of
because his race became extinct at his death, as he them should first kiss their mother upon arriving
had only two sons, who were executed by his own at Rome; but Brutus, who better understood the
orders. (Dionys. v. 18, comp. vi. 70; Dion. Cass. meaning of the oracle, stumbled upon the ground
xliv. 12; Plut. Brut. 1. ) Posidonius, indeed, as- as they quitted the temple, and kissed the earth,
serted that there was a third son, who was a child mother of them all. Soon after followed the rape
when his brothers were put to death, and that the of Lucretia ; and Brutus accompanied the unfor-
plebeian family was descended from him; and he tupate father to Rome, when his daughter sent
even pretended to discover a likeness in many of for him to the camp at Ardea. Brutus was pre-
the Bruti to the statue of the first consul. (Plut. sent at her death, and the moment had now come
## p. 508 (#528) ############################################
508
BRUTUS.
BRUTUS.
for avenging his own and his country's wrongs. I their towns, Cutina and Cingilia (Liv. viii 12,
In the capacity of Tribunus Cclerum, which office | 29; Diod. xviii. 2. )
he then held, and which bore the same relation to 6. D. JUNIUS D. F. BRUTUS SCAEVA, legate
the royal power as that of the Magister Equitum B. c. 293 in the army of the consul Sp. Carvilius
did to the dictatorship, he summoned the people, Maximus, and consul in 29:2. (Liv. X. 43, 47. )
obtained the banishment of the Tarquins, and was In his consulship he conquered the Faliscans: Sp.
elected consul with L. Tarquinius Collatinus in the Carvilius, the consul of the preceding year, served
comitia centuriatı. Resolved to maintain the free- under him as legate by command of the senate.
dom of the infant republic, he loved his country (Zonar. viii. 1. )
better than his children, and accordingly put to 7. D. JUNIUS BRUTUS, probably a son of the
death his two sons, when they were detected in a preceding, exhibited, in conjunction with his
conspiracy with several other of the young Roman brother Marcus, the first gladiatorial combat at
nobles, for the purpose of restoring the Tarquins. Rome in the Forum Boarium, at his father's
lle moreover compelled his colleague, L. Tarquinius funeral in B. c. 264. (Liv. Epit. 16 ; Val. Max.
Collatinus, to resign his consulship and leave the ii. 4. $ 7. )
city, that none of the hated family might remain in 8. M. JUNIUS BRUTUS, brother of the preced-
Rome. And when the people of Veii and Tar- ing. (Val. Max. I. c. )
quinii attempted to bring Tarquin back by force 9. M. JUNIUS Brutus, tribune of the plebs,
of arms, Brutus marched against them, and, fight- B. c. 195, endeavoured with his colleague P. Junius
ing with Aruns, the son of Tarquin, he and Aruns Brutus to prevent the repeal of the Oppia lex,
both fell, pierced by each other's spears. The ma- which restrained the expenses of women. He was
trons mourned for Brutus a year, and a bronze praetor in 191, and had the jurisdiction in the
statue was erected to him on the capitol, with a city, while his colleagues obtained the provinces.
drawn sword in his hand. (Liv. j. 56-60, ii. 1 - During his praetorship he dedicated the temple of
7 ; Dionys. iv. 67-85, v. 1–18; Macrob. ii. the Great Idaean Mother, on which occasion the
16 ; Dion. Cass. xlii. 45; Plut. Brut. 1. ) Megalesian games were performed for the first
The contradictions and chronological impossibi- time. (Dict. of Ant. s. v. Megalesia. ) He was one
lities in this account have been pointed out by of the ambassadors sent into Asia in 189, to settle
Niebuhr. (i. p. 511. ) Thus, for instance, the last the terms of peace with Antiochus the Great.
Tarquin is said to have reigned only twenty-five (Liv. xxxiv. 1 ; Val. Max. ix. 1. $ 3 ; Liv. xxxv.
years, and yet Brutus is represented as a child at 24, xxxvi. 2, 36, xxxvii. 55. ) This M. Junius
the beginning of his reign, and the father of young Brutus may be the same as No. 12, who was con-
men at the close of it. Again, the tale of his sul in 178.
idiocy is irreconcileable with his holding the re- 10. P. JUNIUS BRUTUS, probably the brother of
sponsible office of Tribunus Celerum. That he did the preceding, was his colleague in the tribunate,
hold this office seems to be an historical fact (Pom- B. C. 195. He was curule aedile in 192, and prae-
pon. de Orig. Juris, Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. & 15); tor in 190 ; in the latter office he had the province
and the story of his idiocy probably arose from of Etruria, where he remained as propraetor in the
his surname, which may, however, as we have following year, 189. From thence he was sent by
seen, have had a very different meaning originally. the senate into Further Spain, which was decreed
2. T. JUNICS BRUTUS, and
to him as a province. (Liv. xxxiv. 1; Val. Max.
3. Tí. Junius BRUTUS, the sons of the first ix. l. § 3 ; Liv. xxxv. 41, xxxvi. 45, xxxvii. 2,
consul and of Vitellia (Liv. ii. 4), were executed 50, 57. )
by their father's orders, as related above. (Dionys. 11. D. JUNIUS BRUTUS, one of the trium virs
v. 6—8 ; Liv. ii, 4, 5. )
for founding a colony in the territory of Sipontum,
4. L. JUNIUS BRUTUS, one of the leaders of the B. c. 194. (Liv. xxxiv. 35.
)
plebeians in their secession to the Sacred Mount, The annexed stemma exhibits the probable fa-
B. C. 494, is represented by Dionysius as a ple mily connexion of the following persons, Nos 12
beian, who took the surname of Brutus, that his to 17 inclusive.
name might be exactly the same as the first con-
12. M. Junius Brutus, cos. B. c. 178.
bul’s. He was, according to the same authority,
chosen one of the first tribunes of the plebs in this
year, and also plebeian aedile in the year that
15. D. Junius Brutus Gal-
Coriolanus was brought to trial. (Dionys. vi. 70, 13. M. Junius Brutus,
the jurist.
&c. , 87-89, vii. 14, 26. ) This Brutus is not
laecus, cos. B. C. 138.
mentioned by any ancient writer except Dionysius,
.
16. D. Junius Brutus,
and Plutarch (Coriol. 7) who copies from him. 14. M. Junius Brutus,
the accuser.
The old reading in Asconius (in Cornel. p. 76, ed.
cos. B. c. 77.
Orelli) made L. Junius C. F. Paterculus one of the
1
first tribunes ; but Junius was an alteration made
17. D. Junius Brutus Albinus,
by Manutius, and Paterculus nowhere occurs as a
one of Caesar's assassins.
cognomen of the Junia gens: the true reading is 12. M. JUNIUS M. F. L. N. BRUTUS, the son of
Albinius. [ALBINIUS. ) Niebuhr supposes (i. p. 617) No. 9, unless he is the same person, was consul B. C.
that this L. Junius Brutus of Dionysius is an en- 178, and had the conduct of the war against the
tirely fictitious person.
Istri, whom he subdued in the following year, and
5. D. Junius BRUTUS SCAEVA, magister compelled them to subunit to the Romans. (Liv.
equitum to the dictator Q. Publilius Philo, B. c. xl. 59, xli. 9, 14, 15; Obsequ. 62. ) He was one
339, and plebeian consul in 325 with the patrician of the ambassadors sent into Asia in 171, to exhort
L. Furius Camillus. He carried on war in his the allies to assist the Romans in their war against
consulship against the Vestini, whom he conquered Perseus. He was an unsuccessful candidate for
in battle, after a hard contest, and took two of the censorship in 169. (Liv. xlii. 45, xliii. 16. )
## p. 509 (#529) ############################################
BRUTUS.
509
BRUTUS.
13. * M. JUNIUS BRUTUS, an eminent Roman | the accusation of Cn. Plancus, made soine charges
jurist, who, judging from his praenomen and the of inconsistency against L. Licinius Crassus, the
time in which he is said to have lived, was pro- orator ; and Cicero twice (de Orut. ii. 55, pro
bably a son of No. 12. He is mentioned by Pom- Cluent. 51) relates the bons mots (bene dicta) of
ponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 39), along with P. Mucius Crassus, recriminating upon the extravagance of
and Manilius, as one of the three founders of civil the accuser.
law; and it may be inferred from Pomponius, that 15. D. JUNIUS M. F. M. N. BRUTUS GALLAE-
though he was praetor, he never attained the rank CUS (CALLAECUS) or Callaicus, son of No. 12 and
of consul. The passage of Pomponius, according to brother of No. 13, was a contemporary of the Grac-
the reading which has been suggested, is as follows: chi, and one of the most celebrated generals of his age.
-Post hos fuerunt P. Mucius et Manilius et Brutus He belonged to the aristocratical party, and in his
(vulg. et Brutus et Manilius), qui fundaverunt jus consulship with P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica, in B. C.
cirile. Ex his P. Mucius etiam decem libellos 138, distinguished himself by his opposition to the
reliquit, septem Manilius, Brutus tres (vulg. Brutus tribunes. He refused to bring before the senate a
septem, Manilius tres). Illi duo consulares fuerunt, proposition for the purchase of corn for the people;
Brutus praetorius, P. autem Mucius etiam pontifex and when the tribunes wished to have the power
maximus. The transposition of the names Brutus of exempting ten persons apiece from the military
and Manilius makes the clause Illi duo consu- levies, he and his colleagne refused to allow theni
lares fuerunt, Brutus praetorius, consistent with this privilege. In consequence of this they were
the former part of the sentence. It also makes committed to prison by the tribune C. Curiatius.
the testimony of Pomponius consistent with that (Val. Max. iii. 7. $ 3; Liv. Epit. 55; Cic. de Leg.
of Cicero, who reports, on the authority of Scaevola, iii
. 9. ) The province of Further Spain was assign-
that Brutus left no more than three genuine books ed to Brutus, whither he proceeded in the same
de jure civile. (De Orat. ii. 55. ) That more, how- . year. In order to pacify the province, he assigned
ever, was attributed to Brutus than he really lands to those who had served under Viriathus,
wrote may be inferred from the particularity of and founded the town of Valentia. But as Lusi-
Cicero's statement. Brutns is frequently referred tania continued to be overrun with parties of
to as a high authority on points of law in ancient marauders, he laid waste the country in every
classical and legal authors (e. 9. compare Cic. de direction, took numerous towns, and advanced as
Fin. i. 4, and Dig. 7. tit. 1. s. 68, pr. ; again, com- far as the river Lethe or Oblivio, as the Romans
pare Cic. ad Fam. vii. 22, and Gell. xvii. 7). In translated the name of the river, which was also
the books of Brutus are contained some of the called Limaea, Limia or Belion, now Lima. (Strab.
responsa which he gave to clients, and he and in. p. 153; Mela, iii. 1; Plin. H. N. iv. 22. s. 35. )
Cato are censured by Cicero for publishing the Here the soldiers at first refused to march further;
actual names of the persons, male and female, who but when Brutus seized the standard from the
consulted them, as if, in law, there were anything standard-bearer, and began to cross the river alone,
in a name. (De Orat. ii. 32. ) From the frag- they immediately followed him. From thence they
ments we possess (de Orat. ü. 55), Brutus certainly advanced to the Minius (Minho), which he crossed
appears to enter into unlawyer-like details, giving and continued his march till he arrived at the
us the very names of the villas where he happened ocean, where the Romans saw with astonishment
to be. Whether Servius Sulpicius commented upon the sun set in its waters. In this country he sub-
Brutus is a much disputed question. Ulpian (Dig. dued various tribes, among whom the Bracari are
14. tit. 3. 8. 5. § 1) cites Servius libro primo ad mentioned as the most warlike. He also conquered
Brutum, and Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. 6. 2. § 44) | the Gallaeci, who had come to the assistance of
asserts that Servius duos librus ad Brutum perquam their neighbours with an army of 60,000 men, and
brevissimos ad Edictum subscriptos reliquit. It is it was from his victory over them that he obtained
commonly supposed that Servius, instead of com- the surname of Gallaecus. The work of subjuga-
menting on the work of the jurisconsult, dedicated tion, however, proceeded but slowly, as many towns
his short notes on the Edict to M. Junius Brutus, after submission again revolted, among which Ta-
the assassin of Julius Caesar, or else to the father labriga is particularly mentioned. In the midst of
of the so-called tyrannicide. (Zimmern, R.
