No More Learning

. . All
Secondly, this marvel, that the words which, being character Cromwell had been heinous against the king, his Cranmer's opinion, have faithfully copied
enemies did pretend, why then did those wit out the Original. Not yet that will pre
nesses which heard those words St. Peter's Church, the thirtieth year the king's reign,
tend excuses for him, whom the laws have con demned; (though Fox doubts not say, “That as General Councils have sometimes been ob served err, princes and parliaments may
sometimes informed sinister heads;") but that his punishment may serve caution for those that serve severe princes, procure suf
that they do. The Cromwell seeming
long, the space almost two years, and now uttered
conceal the said words such treason
the same king's reign,
the two and thirtieth year the the month July. Thirdly, marvelled, the king had
here again
known believed these words be true, and
that Cromwell had indeed been such traitor Crimes objected
his person, why then did the king shortly chiefly usurpation
after lament his death, wishing have his certain persons not capable and granting Cromwell alive again What prince will wish certain Licences, and making certain Com
suspecteth undoubtedly missions high affairs, without the king's traitor his life and person Where knowledge: For which, though Cromwell
by may appear what judgment the king had his discretion might have found due motives; Cromwell himself, howsoever the parlia yet proceeded not warily therein, fell
ment sinister information was otherwise in into the danger the law. Furthermore, censed judge upon him. was accused for being Heretic, and favour The proceedings against him were thought ing them (But then, that the head the
the life him whom
rigorous, but few pitied him, that was
easily passed over: nevertheless, find
Original, that Cranmer wrote the king
his behalf boldly, considering the times; ‘for merriment. ) As for his speaking certain high though, letter, heard yesterday presumptuous words concerning the king, and
jesty He that was advanced your ma Cromwel thus unheard, and almost unpitied, jesty, whose surety was only your majcs being condemned while was the Tower,
ty, who loved your majesty, ever thought, omitted not write unto the king. Amongst. less than God; who studied always the rest of the Commissioners which came unto
set forward whatsoever was your majesty's will him, one there was, whom the lord Cromwell and pleasure; that cared for man's dis desired carry for him Letter the King,
his grace's council, that Traitor; yet, sundry the nobility, many thought pro he saith, who cannot be sorrowful and amazed ceeded rather out of mistaking and rashness, that should traitor against your ma than any intertion.
pleasure serve your majesty; that was which when refused, saying that
would Traitor; least to
such servant, my judgment, wisdom, diligence, faithfulnes, and experience,
carry Letter the king from then the lord Cromwell desired him
from him message the king. To that the other was contented, and granted, that Treasons, that few could secretly con were not against his allegiance. Then the
prince this realm ever had that was vigilant preserve your majesty from
ceived, but detected the same the begin lord Cromwell taking witness the other ning? the noble princes niemory, king lords, what had promised; you shall com
ficient warrant for
Churches vicegerent spiritual affairs, should an Heretic and favourer them, some
seemed strange, others gave occasion
power, set liberty
he
a
he . . "to
to toofto aIa Ias
to to he
as is
all
of be :
hehe is
in
inheno by to in if beif so a so he
it
II toillof:heantoas Iall
allso no do
to
in an
to all to or
noinoftoto ofofif a he . itbe
Ifin hehe tobyofor
in in
to be to to
in
behis a
he
he so
to
of
in so
in
so it is
a is he
he*
no
of
sohe IbyatoI toif to ofin
as
of
as all of soin by as in of
no
be beallto as of to I
in
if inI
toin
beof Iin ifasin
in ofall Ito Iso toahe an by
I
ofto
in
to as
of
in
he
of
of it,to
if Ito“I
2,
ata
so ofheto I
he
at
of he in be in
a
or 1
it to
of
I
in
so as
so he
2,
atohe I Iso be
is as:”
a
437] STATE TRIALS, 33 Henry VIII. 1541. -the Earl of Essex, for Treason. [438 mend me, said he, to the king, and tell him, which die in thee; I wretched sinner do submit
myself wholly unto thy most blessed will, and
being sure that the thing cannot perish which committed unto thy mercy, willingly now
leave this frail and wicked flesh, sure hope that thou wilt better wise restore me
by that he hath so well tried, and thoroughly
proved you as I have done, he shall find you as false a man as ever came about him. —Besides
this, he wrote also a Letter from the Tower to
the king, whereof when none durst take the carriage upon him, Ralf Sadler, (whom
again the last day the resurrection the also had preferred the king before, being just. beseech thee, most merciful Lord Jesus
ever trusty and faithfull unto him) went unto Christ, that thou wilt thy grace inake strong
the king understand his pleasure, whether he would permit him bring the letter not, which when the king had granted, the said master Sadler, was required, presented the Letter unto the king, which coinmanded thrice read unto him, insomuch the king seemed moved therewith.
my soul against temptations, and defend me with the buckler thy mercy against the
assaults the devil. see and acknowledge that there myself hope salvation, but my confidence, hope and trust thy most merciful goodness. have merits nor good works, which may alledge before thee. Of sins aud evil works (alas) see great heap; but yet through thy mercy trust
the number of them whom thou wilt not
impute their sins; but wilt take and accept me for righteous and just, and the inheritor everlasting life. Thou merciful Lord was
born for my sake, thou didst suffer both hunger and thirst for my sake; thou didst teach, pray, and fast for my sake: thy holy actions and works thou wroughtest for my sake; thou suf feredst most grievous pains and torments for my sake: finally, thou gavest thy most pre cious body and thy blood shed the Cross for my sake. Now most merciful Sa viour, let these things profit me, that thou freely hast done for me, which hast given thy self also for me. Let thy blood cleanse and wash away the spots and foulness my sins. Let thy righteousness hide and cover my un
The Lord Cromwell brought
lord Cromwell, oppressed his enemies, and
condemned the Tower, and not coming his Answer, the 28th July 1541, was brought
Notwithstanding,
the Act
reason
Parliament afore passed, the worthy and noble
the scaffold on Tower-hill, where these words following;
said
purge Fo
“I myself,
the Scaffold.
For and
should do, were very wretch miser. am the law condemned
am ceine hither die and not some think peradventure that
die, and thank my Lord God, that has ap
pointed
sithence the time that have had years
cretion, have lived sinner, and offended my
Lord God, for the which ask him heartily for
giveness. And not unknown many
you, that have been great traveller this righteousness. Let the merits thy passion world, and being but base degree, was and blood-shedding satisfaction for my sins. called high estate, and sithence the time Give me Lord thy grace, that the faith my came thereunto have offended my prince, for salvation thy blood waver not me, but the which ask him heartily forgiveness, and may ever firm and constant. That the hope beseech you pray God with me, that thy mercy and life everlasting never decay
me this death for mine offence.
For dis
will forgive me. And now pray you that me, that love wax not cold me. Finally,
be here, bear me record, die the Catho lic faith, not doubting any article my faith, nor doubting any Sacrament the Church. Many have slandered me, and re ported that have been bearer such have maintained evil opinions, which untrue. But confess, that like God holy spirit doth instruct the truth, the devil
that the weakness my flesh not overcome with the fear death. Grant me merciful Saviour, that when death hath shut the eyes
my body, yet the eyes my soul may still
behold and look upon thee, and when death hath taken away the use my tongue, yet my heart may cry and say unto thee, Lord
into thy hands commend my soul, Lord Jesus ready seduce us, and have been seduced; receive my spirit. Amen. ”
but hear ine witness that die the Catholic
And thus prayer being made, after
had godly and lovingly exhorted them that were about him the scaffold, quietly committed his soul into the hands God, and patiently suffered the stroke the ax, ragged and
Faith the holy Church and heartily de sire you pray for the kings grace, that
may long live with you health and prospe rity; and that after him his son, prince Edward
that goodly impe, may long reign over you. butcherly miser, whi-ch very ungodly performed
And once again desire you pray for me, that long life remaineth this flesh, waver nothing my Faith. ”
his office.
To this end came Cromwel, who from being
but blacksmiths son, found means travel
And making prayer, kneeling
knees spake these words, the effect whereof guages, and
here followeth
Prayer that the Lord Cromwell said hour his Death.
Bourbon the returning,
see the wars, (being soldier the sacking Rome; whence
into divers foreign countries, learn their lan
“O Lord Jesus, which art the only health self his fidelity and diligence, that the king men living, and the everlasting life them after his fall voluntarily took him for his ser
was received into the cardinal Wolsey's service: whom approved him
all A
is he to
of his
us isa
he
to
to sir
of at on
of
his ofof
hisIheas Ioftotoof he
by
heat
on
to hisI of
bein
all
is of
he of
so to by
he
of of
to
all toIno to
a
all
I at
to of of
of
in in I ofall
so I aif
he of no to I I to so to to to I I as
to
I inbe : as allI I to
inI toitso beas
in
toIin I a oftohe in
in;IIin inintoofaIIbyItoofby asa I a by
sobyis of
to
in of to he as or
of
in of
of
in is
bein
be
I by in
be I
a of Inoofin
)a so up in of
to ais it
of
of on to in all of to
he beI
be
439] STATE TRIALS, 33 IIENRy VIII. 1541 —Trial of Lord Leonard Grey, [440
vant; in which place he became a special in to him were, For taking into his house as chap strument for dissolving the Abbies, and other lain one William Bird, who had called the king religious houses, and keeping down the clergy : Heretick, &c. That he had procured certain
--whom in regard of their oath to the pope, he persons to conjure, to know how long the king usually termed the king's half subjects : And should live; also, that he had used the sin of
or expelling the monks, he said it was no more buggery.
than a lestoring them to the first institution of Rapin observes, that the care Cromwel took being lay and labouring persons. Neither did when he came to die, to say nothing which it inove him, that so much strictness and aus might offend the king, proved to the advantage terity of lite was enjoined them in their several of his son Gregory, who was that very year orders, since he said they might keep it in any created a peer by the title of lord Cromwel. condition. But as these reasons again were Shortly after this followed the countess of not admitted by divers learned and able per Salisbury's Execution, who had with Cromwel sons, so he got him many enemies, who at last been excepted from the general Act of Pardon, procured his fall; but not before he had ob which, whether occasioned by the late Rebel tained successively the dignities of Master of lion, (as being thought of cardinal Pool's insti
the Rolls, Baron, Lord Privy-Seal, Vicegerent gation) or that she gave some new offence, is
to the king in Spiritualities, Knight of the Gar uncertain : The old lady being brought to the
ter, Earl of Essex, Great Chamberlain of Eng scaffold, set up in the Tower, was commanded
land, &c. He was noted in the exercise of his to lay her head on the block; but she (as a
places ofjudicature to have used much mode person of great quality assured me) refused;
ration; and in his greatest poinp, to have taken saying, “So should Traytors do, and I am none:" notice, and been thankful to mean persons of Neither did it serve that the executioner told
his old acquaintance, and therein had a virtue her it was the fashion; so turning her gray which his master the cardinal wanted : as for head every way, she bid him, if he would have
his other descriptions, I leave them to be taken her head, to get it as he could : So that he was out of Cranmer's letter formerly mentioned, constrained to fetch it of slovenly.
with some deduction; for it seems written to She was daughter of George duke of Clarence, the king in more than ordinary favour of his brother of Edward the 4th. She had four sons:
ancient Service. cardinal Pole was the youngest. The eldest At the same time with Cromwel, Walter was Henry lord Montacute, from a daughter of
lord Hungerford suffered. The crimes objected whom the present earl of Moira is descended.
35. The Trial of Lord LEONARD GREY, at Westminster, for High Treason : 33 Hen. VIII. A. D. 1541. [Holling. Chron. in
the Irish Hist. 102. 1 Cox's Ireland, 264. ]
[“Hall, Grafton, Stow, and lord Herbert,
make inention of this Trial. also no
ticed Ware's Annals of Ireland. But
Hollingshead the Chronicles Ireland,
and Richard Cox his History Ire
land, are most particular and therefore which, being prior lord Leonard Grey's
what we shall give will be an extract from these latter writers. -In the earl of Straf.
ford's case, Mr. John, arguing before the lords for the bill attainder against the
earl, cited this Trial lord Leonard Grey, particularly prove, that treasons com
mitted Ireland are triable here; and said, that he had read the whole record of the
case. Rushw. 689, 694, 695. But Mr.
St. John represents the charges against lord
Leonard Grey differently from the author the Irish Chronicles and sir Richard Cox;
case, were material Hen. 18. Hen. 24,
be considered. See Hen. The
the same subject, seems
for, according
also would have required observation. We are the more particular adverting this
omission Mr. St. John because there
like one our principal writers Criminal Law, not one whom, well we can recollect, pointedly attends the sta tutes. We not even except Staundford, though his work contains chapter the trial of crimes committed out of the realin.
Mr. St. John, lord Leonard High Treason, for letting the Castle Dublin,
argues for trial England, independently Irish revolters) his aduantage, shortlie after any statute; and prove his point, rode the north, preiding and spoiling Oneale
was attainted
diverse rebels out
and discharging Irish hostages given se cure the king's peace, and for not punishing
See Staunds.
89. a. ” Hargrave. ]
one, who said, that the king was heretick.
observable, too, that Mr. St. John the oportunitie this skirinish (with some
takes notice, that lord Leonard Grey's case was before the 35 Hen. that was the only statute for trying foreign trea sons England. But there are two other statutes about the trial foreign treasons,
subsequent several months; otherwise that
Hollingshead's
- Irish History, 102.
Extract from
Chronicle the
THE gouernor, lord Leonard Grey, turning
of
It is
in to
St.
to
33 26
in
a
an of to
of
of to of
to
in
toof Pl. doof c.
on§1. toto
p.
;in 32 of aas 8,
of
all
in on to
4.
if
to
c.
8
sir
in
in of
8,8, c. c.
in
of of
in
all on 8, 2, as c. as
is a
;
It
is of
441) STATE TRIALS, 33 HENRY VIII. 1541–for High Treason. [442
with his confederats, who by reason of the late prouinces, wherein diligence twhackt with ouerthrow were able to make but little resist hatred, negligence loden with tawnts, seue
ance. In this iornie he rased Saint Patrike rite with perils menaced, liberalitie with his church in Downe, an old ancient citie of thanklesse vnkindnesse contemned, conference
Ulster, and burnt the monuments of Patrike,
Brigide, and Colme, who are said to haue
beene there intoomed, as before is expressed
vnderinining framed, flatterie destruction forged, each countenance smiling, diuerse heart pouting, open fawning, secret grudging,
gaping for such shall succeed gouernment, honouring magistrates with cap and knee jong they are present, and carping them
in the description of Ireland. This fact lost
him sundrie harts in that countrie, alwaies
after detesting and abhorring prophane tyrannie, they did name Wherevpon
conspiring with such Mounster were
enimies his gouernment, they booked diuerse Complaints against him, which they
did exhibit the king and councell. The Articles greatest importance laid his
charge were these. Inprimis, “That not
withstanding were strictlie commanded
the king his maiestie, apprehend his kins
man the yong Fitzgirald, yet did not onlie
disobeie the kings letters touching that
point plaieng bopeepe, but also had priuie the letters from the council the king; and conference with the said Fitzgirald, and laie his inajesty did well approve his good ser with him two three seuerall nights before vices, that created him viscount Grany; and
departed into France. —2 Item, That the although the earl Ormond, the lord chancellor
they are ab
Ireland, 264.
Before we proceed farther
Ireland, will pay that respect the
with toong and pen soone Sent.
Ertract from Coa's History
memory the late lord deputy, the lord Grey, give some account his misfortunes and
destiny. He had certainly performed consi
derable atchievements Ireland, and great commendations of him are contained most of
the affairs
inuegle Allen, the vice-treasurer Brabazon, and sir John Thomas Fitzgirald with such faire promises, Travers, went with him, immediately fol proceeded set purpose haue him cut off, lowed him into England, impeach him, yet
the end there should gap set open for was kindly received the king, and carried the yong Fitzgirald aspire the earledome the sword before him Whitsunday never
cheese cause that mooued him
Kildare. —3 Item, That was greedilie addicted the pilling and polling the king
theless was short time after imprisoned the Tower, and accused very many Ar
ticles; the principal which are these
“That O'Conner feasted him, and mend Toghercroghan for him; and that favour
Downe, turning stable, after plucked Bir from loyal Carol, and gave rebel downe, and shipt the notable ring bels Carol, who married the earl Kildare's that did hang the steeple, meaning haue daughter, and also took Moderhern, castle
sent them England had not God his belonging the earl Ormond, and gave instice Preuented his iniquitie, sinking the the rebel Carol, and wasted the earl Or vessell and passengers wherein the said belles mond's lands: for which, had hundred should haue beene conueled. ”—These and the and forty kine and Stephen Harry had like Articles were with such odious presump forty, and Girald Mac Gerrot had black
his subjects, namelie such Mounster, the beds laie dranke in, the plate with which
anie gentlemans house, were
against right and reason packt vp, and carried Derinond Molloy, whose father-in-law with great extortion awaie. —4 Item, That Carol was good subject; for which the lord without anie warrant from the king coun Grey had bribe, and Stephen Harry had cell, prophaned the church Saint Patrikes twenty cows. That took the castle
were resiant the cups
tions coloured his accusers, the king hackny. That and councell remembring his late faults, and Kenedy, tenant forgetting his former seruices (for commonlie his son for hostage.
took forty kine from the earl Ormond's, and That held secret
was serued his seruants
Molloy, rebel, took castle from
men are hard hap, that they shall and private familiar correspondemee with sooner for one trespasse condemned, than for James Desmond, and went visit him
thousand good deserts conneuded) gaue his tents his night-gown, and forced the ab
commandement, that the lord Greie should bot Owny give him forty pounds sterling
not onelie remooued from the gouernment preserve that abby from ruine, and Brian
of the countrie, but also had him beheaded on give him thirty kine and hostages; and
the Tower-hill, the 28th June. But Ulick Bourk, bastard, gave him 100 marks
touching the first Article, that brought him have Ballinnacleere-Castle, and be made
most out conceipt with the king, Mac William and that he carried the artil
mooued question the erle Kildare, whe lery small vessel Galway, and made ther the tenor therof were true or false His the town Galloway pay thirty-four pounds
lordship thereto answered bona fide, that for that carriage. That the exploits
neuer spake with the lord Greie, neuer sent mes Bryans bridge, &c. were favour
senger him, nor receiued message letter from rebel, Desmond's son-in-law, and
him. Whereby maie gathered, with how judice Donough Bryan, good
manie dangers they are inwrapped that gouerne and that took bribe eighty kine from
Bryan
the pre subject;
of a
he
to or
to
of he by
to
as
or
2
as
by
byhe in,
of so
he
his
of of
he a to
of asto as it.
heIas be a tototo
O
ofed in he as
to
of
as
a ali itin in ofto
all to toof of
be of as
in orhe
to
toofsobyit to 1
;to of to
be ahebe of
ofto of
or
to
hein he by vp
as
in
ofa ofa a he ofit
he of in 3. Oto aaO he
O
1. to
in
a of of fit is
O5. in
he of on
to 4. hehe by inof
to as
;a ain 1
to O2. aofsobeas
of
tohe ap ofitapa
of
to
inofas in
is
toofto anto :: in O O a aa in
of
at in O to of O
to
of
it
as
in
to
of
to
43] STATE TRIALS, 33 HENRY VIII. 1541. —Proceedings against [444
Macnemarra. 6. That trusting Desmond and O Bryan, he hazarded the king's army in a long and dangerous journey, wherein Desmond quarrelled, and deserted him, and O Bryan sent but one man with a battle-ax to guide him. 7. That he rifled the abby of Ballyclare, and left neither chalice, cross nor bell in That
destroyed the castles Lecagh and Derri viclaghny, favour Ulick Burk, though the
rightful proprietor offered submission and rent Kildare, whom they say might have taken. the king. That had secret conference That his servants pillaged the gentlemen with and received horse from Connor Roe, Munster, that entertained them. That he
who was the chief instrument conveying had inveigled Thomas Fitz-Gerald submit, away the young Fitz-Girald. 10. That took |. . promises which had commission eighty kine from Maddin, and forced ord,. "and that did destroy that Milaghlin's son from Mr. Dillon, whose lawful that his own nephew might come
risoner was for which had seventy earl Kildare (as afterwards did. ) His ine. ” sacrilege Down; but however that be,
And there was Commission sent Ire was not long after his execution, before com land, examine witnesses; and they say that mission was directed archbishop Brown, and
these Articles were proved the testimony Cowley master above persons; whereof some were qua mate survey
lity, that some them swore one article, Ireland, and and some another; that the lord Grey, Saintleger, who was son the marquess Dorset, and direct. ” viscount Grany Ireland, but peer Eng
the rolls, make esti the lord Grey's estate
deliver the lord deputy disposed the king shall
land, being tried common jury, thought
his best way confess the indictment, hopes the king's grace and pardon but that he was mistaken and although his services did infinitely over-balance his faults, yet was
publickly executed on the 28th July 1541. There are four other Articles mentioned
others, laid his charge. “His partiali his nephew Fitz-Girald, afterwards earl
36. The Trial Sir EDMos KNEvet, knight, Greenwich, for
striking Person within the King's Palace there: Henry VIII. 1541. [Stowe's Annals, 581. ]
[“The following Trial, slight account deserves the name, we extract from Stowe, who borrows from Hollingshead. The trial
reader sensibility. The circumstances do
equal honour Edmond and his sove reign the former for his manly request
pay the forfeit his left hand instead his right, that might better able
also taken notice ‘Brooke's Abridg ment, under the title Pain and Penance,
occurred few months after the sta
serve his king and country;
the latter, for
16. tute ing
imprisonment for life and fine discretion,
but further the offender.
cutting the right hand Whether the prosecution was the statute, not explained by
THE 10th June, Knevet, sir Edmond
by which,
Hen. . . . malicious strik
feeling greatness
the mind which such
request denoted. ” Hargrave. ]
king resides, draw blood, punishable, not only
the palace the
rounded
towe; and what renders more doubtful
knight Norffolke, was arraigned before the kings justices, sitting the great hall Greene wich, master Gage comptrollor the kings houshold, master Suthwell, sir Anthony Browne,
Anthony Winkfield, master Wrisley, and Edmond Pecham cofferer the kings hous holde, for striking one master Clere Norf
that the statute, drawing blood essential, which circumstance neither Brooke
nor Stowe states part Edmond Kne
vet's case. —Cutting off the hand rare
punishment the English law; and the folke, servant with the earle Surrey, within cruelty being considered, must give the kings house the Tenice court. There
plcasure the humane reader know, that there are very few instances inflicting
We are not aware, that there are any crimes,
was first chosen goe vpon the said Edmond, quest gentlemen, and quest yeomen,
which our law are liable
ed, except drawing weapon
king's judges, and striking
courts his palaces; and unfrequent have been both those crimes, that perhaps all our books do not furnish ten cases of the
sort. Inst. 140. Dy. 188. and the mar
ginal cases the edition 1688–The manner which sir Edmond Knevet obtain
pardon his offence, must strike every
loose his right hand whereupon was called the execution, first the serjeant chirur
gion, with his instrument appertaining his office: the sergeant the woodyard with the mallet and blocke, whereupon the hand should the master cooke for the king with the knife: the sergeant the larder set the knife right the ioynt the sergeant farrier with his searing yrons seare the veines: the
punish
enquire the said stripe, the which in quests was found Guilty, and had Judgement
one the the king's
Ertract from Stowe's Annals, 581.
cd a
is, in 3 or by toof by
as
of in
by by into
8. A. of a ; a
to:
of ;
of
so in on to of sir it
be toit of at
no of
to
he
in
O
to in of It
70
to
is
to
he
is,
iton to9.
33
he in
a as isa aof Oof of if D. he
of is
offin so of
sois an of a
D. in of to he ofO
it. 8.
it. isofbysopl.
toto to a sir
of
so
by
2. ty do to ofto
liehe ;orto : of of of at
onaof toto be
; to
to in of
of
beto
of of to
he to
bysir at
to hehe
by a
in
of a of it he
to
of at 33 to3. in
to
of
an a 4. he in to
of be ofto it,no byofto astohe1. :
of toof
a toof
in it be to in of by
it
by
445] STATE TRIALS, 33 HENRY VIII. 1542. –$2ueen Catharine Howard. [446
sergeant of the poultry with a cocke, which iudged to loose his hand, but also his body to re cocke should have his head smitten off vpon maine in prison, and his landes and goods at the the same blocke, and with the same knife : the kings pleasure.
Then the sayd Edmond Kne yeoman of the chandry with seare clothes : the vet desired that the king his benigne grace, yeomen of the scullery with a pan of fire to would pardon him his right hand, and take heat the yrons: a chafer of water to coole the the left: for (quoth he) my right hand ends of the yrons: and two fourmes for all spared, may heareafter doe such good seruice officers to set their stuffe on : the sergeant of grace, shall please him appoint. the seller with wine, ale, and beere: the yeo Of this submission and request the justices
men of the evry in the sergeants steed, who was forthwith informed the king, who his goodnes,
the said Ed lords and ladies,
tion, there was called forth sir William Picker granted him pardon, that
ing knight marshall, to bring in the said Ed ther hand, land, nor goods, but should free
absent, with bason, ew. re, and towels. Thus considering the gentle heart every man in his office ready to doe the execu mond, and the good report
should loose nei
mond Knevet, and when hee was brought to
the barre, the cheise justice declared to him his trespasse, and the said Knevet confessing him
seife to be guilty, humbly submitted him to the kings mercy: for this offence he was not onely
liberty. (a)
(a) See the Case the duke Devonshire, 1687; and of lord Thanet and Mr. Fer
gusson, 1799.
37. Proceedings against Queen CATHARINE HowARD, for Incon tinency: Henry VIII. 1542. [Lord Herbert's Life Hen. VIII. Kenn. Comp. Hist. 228. Rapin, 831.
Cobb. Parl. Hist. 550. ]
BUT our king encountered greater vexation;
for the queen was supposed offend Incon
tinency; some particulaors whereof being extant respect the virtue and good behaviour
our Records, have thought fit, says lord Herbert, transcribe, rather than make other narration; the family which she came
which she shewed outwardly, did her honour accordingly. But this joy turned into extream sorrow for when the king's majesty receiving
being noble and illustrious, and the honour his Maker Alhallows day last past, then gave of her sex (which being concerned him most humble and hearty thanks for the
therein. The Letter
sent from divers of the good her, life led and trusted lead with
Council William Paget, our ambassador then and also desired the bishop Lincoln, his
France, was this
“After our hearty commendations, these
ghostly father, make like prayer, and give
our letters, we commanded signify unto
you, most miserable case, which came lately little before heard, that the same mistress Ca
revelation, the intent that you shall hear tharine Howard was not indeed woman of the same spoken you may declare the truth that pureness and cleanness that she was es followeth Where the king's majesty upon teemed but woman, who before she was
the Sentence given the
tended Matrimony between his highness, and the lady Anne Cleve, was earnestly and hum
had lived most
bly solicited his council, and the nobles this realm, frame his most noble heart love and favour some noble personage
the
with the
corruptly and sensually; for the discharge his duty opened the same most sorrowfully
majesty, and how was brought know ledge, which was this form following. —While the king's majesty was his Progress, one John Lossels came the said abp. Canterbury, and declared unto him, that had been with
sister his married Sussex, which some times had been servant with the old dutchess of
Norfolk, who did also bring the said mis tress Catharine, and being with his said sister, chanced fall communication with her of the queen, wherein advised her (because she was the queen's old acquaintance) sue
her woman; where unto his sister answered, that she would not but she was very sorry for the queen; Why, quoth Lossels?
joined with him lawful Matrimony,
whom Lis majesty might have some more store fruit,
and succession the comfort this realm; pleased his highness upon notable appearance honour, cleanness and maidenly behaviour,
bend his affection towards mistress Catharine Howard, daughter the late lord Föhmond Howard, brother me the duke Norfolk, insomuch his highness was finally contented
honour her with his Marriage, thinking now his old days, after sundry troubles mind,
foil.
the pre joined king's majesty,
which have happened unto him Marriages,
have obtained such jewel for womanhood, Marry, quoth she, for she light both living
and very perfect love towards him, should and condition: How so, quoth Lossels? Marry, not only have been quietness, but also quoth she, there one Francis Deri ham, who
brought forth the desired fruit marriage, like the whole realm thought the semblable, and
like thanks with him on mass, the archbishop
day being Canterbury having
Å.
to his
:
is
is
in
to a in
to
as
as
of
of by
it be of
to
in to toof
as to
in
in
a
is
do inin of
; is of
in
go
as
1 of
a 33
to to
his
all
to
to
in of
byof
to of of,
be
I
a to :
so
to to
toto
byof of 2
of if to
of to a by to in
in
to to
be a his at inas A. A. at to
D. D.
toof A. I
of ; ; he on
his
sohe it ;
of of
up heof ofto of to a
of of of
sir
toof a
be
of
D.
1
heof if
447] STATE TRIALS, 33 HENRY VIII. 1512–proceedings against [44s
was servant also in my lady of Norfolk's house, that offence making these pretences the which hath lien in bed with her in his doublet intent spark suspicion should rise these
and hose between the sheets an hundred nights. Examinations. The said Lord Privy Seal And there hath been such puffing and blowing found the woman in her Examination constant between them, that once in the house a maid her former sayings; and Tho. Wriothesly which lay in the house with her, said to me, found the Confession Mannock, that he
She would longer with her, because she knew not what matrimony meant. And further she said unto him, that one Mannock, some times also servant the said dutchess, knew privy mark her body. When the said Los sels had declared this the said abp. Can terbury, considering the weight and import ance the matter, being marvellously perplexed there with, consulted the same with the lord chancellor England, and the earl Hertford, whom the king's majesty going his Progress
had commonly used feel the secrets and other parts her body, ere ever Derrham was
familiar with her and Derrham confessed that had known her carnally many times, both his doublet and his hose between the sheets, and naked bed, alledging such Wit nesses three sundry women one atter ano ther, that had lien the same bed with them when he did the acts, that the matter seened most apparent. But what inward sorrow the king's majesty took when perceived the In
left reside London, order his affairs formation true, was the unost woful thing those parts; who having weighed the matter, that ever came our hearts, see it;
and deeply pondered the gravity thereof, where were too tedious write unto you. But his with they were greatly troubled and unquieted, heart was pierced with pensiveness, that
resolved finally that the said archbishop should long was before his majesty could speak, and reveal the same the king's majesty; which utter the sorrow of his heart unto us and
because the matter was such, hath sor rowfully lamented, and also could not find
his heart express the same the king's ma
jesty word mouth, declared the Infor mation thereof his highness writing. When the king's majesty had read this Information
her honesty, that sup night she disclosed the winole the abp. of forged matter, than Canterbury, who took the Confession the pleased him secretly same Writing subscribed with her hand
him, grace being
his much
constantly denyed it; |. . . }
thus delivered unto
perplexed therewith, yet nevertheless tender matter being
the first she loved the woman, and had conceived such perceived
constant opinion
posed rather
truth. Whereupon
call unto him the lord privy seal, the lord ad then were the rest the number, being eight miral Anthony Brown, and Tho. Wrio or nine men and women which knew of their
thesly; whom opened the case, saying, doings, examined, who agreed one tale. He could not believe true And yet —Now may you see what was done before the seeing the Insormation was made, could not Marriage; God knoweth what hath been done be satisfied till the certainty thereof was sithence: but she had already gotten this Derr known but would not any wise, that ham into her service, and trained him upon the inquisition any spark scandal should rise occasions, sending errands, and writing towards her. Whereupon was his majesty letters when her secretary was out the way, resolved, that the lord privy seal should come often into her privy chamber. And straight London, where the said Lossels that she had gotten also into her privy chamber gave the Information was secretly kept, and be one her chamberors, one the women with dexterity examine and try whether which had before lien the bed with her and
would stand his saying Who being Derrham what this pretended easy
examined, answered, That his sister told conjectured. Thus much we know for the be
him, and that had declared for the dis ginning; whereof we thought meet adver
charge his duty, and for none other respect; tise you, the intent afore specifyed and adding that knew what danger was it; what shall further succeed and follow this
nevertheless, had rather die declaration matter, we shall not fail advertise you the truth, came him, seeing touched thereof accordingly. —You shall also receive the king's majesty nearly, than live with the herein inclosed packet Letters, directed
concealment the same which asseveration unto Henry Knevet, his graces ambassador being thus made the said Lossels, the king's with the emperor, which his highness's pleasure majesty being informed thereof, sent the Lord you shall see conveyed unto him the Privy-Seal into Sussex, examine the woman, next post. Thus fare you right beartily
making pretence the womans husband hunting, and her for receiving hunters and sent the said Tho. Wriothesly London
the same instant, both examine Mannock. and also take the said Derrham upon
retence pyracy, because had been before Ireland, and hath been noted before with
well. –From the king's Palace Westminster
finally with plenty tears (which was strange his courage) opened the same. Which done,
she was spoken withal the abp. Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, the duke
Norfolk, the Lord Great Chamberlain land, and the bishop Winchester;
Eng
whom but the unto her, that she wholly disclosed, the same
November. Your loving Friends, Thomas Audeley, Chancellor;
the 12th
Here were other
defaced the Original; but ‘D. Norfolk' may
Names,
which are now the contents the Letter supposed one.
inat ofhe ly
a ofall;siritby ofto to to
to
of
. by * .
is to at in so in
to
to ofithehe he to toof at no
by
to so
to to
be of heita
to
ashe
of lie to
it
to : itofinto he to
to
to
to
he : be into
init sir asin
of by he: he toit so
of
of a;of sogointoofainina
in
so
he
. sir initinheby
in. ” :of of no
of to as it so in of ; to
of a
beso toas of
at
of
to by to
of
by of:
toof ; ofto to of so
to
of
is
in
of of of of
in
be to it sir
all
be to of : ofof it
to
it
in ;
of he in
to inithe of
449] STATE TRIALS, 33 IENny VIII 1542. –Queen Catharine IIoward. [450
F. Hertford, William Southampton, Robert the bill against her majesty was ordered to be Sussex, Stephen Winton, Anthony Wingfield. ” suspended. —On the 30th of January, the chan Besides the persons specifyed in this Letter, cellor declared to the lords openly, that the one Thomas Culpeper (being of the same name privy council, on mature deliberation, disliked with the queen's mother) was indicted for the the message that was to be sent to the queen ;
same fault (as our Histories have it,) which he nevertheless, in the mean time, they had thought
and Derrham at their Arraignment confessing, another way, less faulty, put Culpeper had his head cut off, and Deorham king, rather altogether demanded was hanged and quartered. But it rested not him 1st. That his majesty would conde
the
scend, according his usual wisdom council, weigh equal balance, the mutability
human affairs; that nature weak and Norfolk, and divers of the queen's and the said corrupt none made free from accidents; and
here ; for the lord Wm. Howard (the queen's uncle, newly returned from an as:bassage in
Irance) and his wife, and the old dutchess of
dutchess's kindred and servants, and a butter that man can
wife, were indicted of Misprision of Treason the whole state
(as concealing this fact,) and condemned to majesty's resolution
perpetual prison; though yet by the king's trouble and solicitude. Next, that the attainder favour some of them at length were released. of Thomas Colepepper and Francis Dereham, The king yet not satisfyed thus, for more au- with the king's assent, should be confirmed by thorizing proceeding, referred the business authority parliament. Also, the attainder
the parliament sitting the 16th Janut-
misprision against lord William Howard.
ary, 1511. the 21st the same month Bill was brought into the house, and read
first time for the Attainder, the charge High Treason, Catherine Howard, late queen England, and Jane lady Rochford, with
And that the parliament might have leave pro ceed give judgment, and finish the queen's
cause; that the event that business may longer doubt. 3rd, That when all these things are compleated just par others. And the same Bill was contained liamentary method, without any loss time,
happy every thinz. That the kingdom depends his
divert mind from-
the Attainders, mi-prision treason, that then majesty would condescend Agnes Howard duchess Norfolk, Wm. How- give royal assent them; not being ard, &c. On the 28th, the lord chancellor present and speaking openly, the custom
declared the rest the peers, “How much hath been other parliaments, but absent, concerned their honours, not proceed letters patchts, under the creat seal
give too lasty judgment the bill for the England, and signed his own hand. That attainder the queen and others, which had the remembrance of this late and sorrowful
yet been only once read amongst them. For story and wicked facts, repeated before him, that they were remember that queen was may not renew grics and endanger his ima no mean private person, but an illustrious jesty's health. Lastly, they were beseech
and public one. Therefore, her cause was
be judged with that sincerity, that there should be neither room for suspicion some latent quarrel, that she should not have liberty clear herself, perchance, reason coun cil she was able from the crime laid
majesty that chance, speaking freely the queen, they should offend against the statutes then being, out his great elemen
her charge. For this purpose thought but reasonable, that some principal persons,
de
duke Suffolk, with the earl Southampton, were deputed for that purpose. ”—January 31,
well puted
the lords commons, should
the lord chancellor declared
“That their message and request
had been delivered his majesty commissioners; and that the king had denied
part their petition, but had orderly grant:
every part That had returned them thanks for their loving admonition re
the queen, partly tell her the their coming, and partly order
cause
help her womanish fears, advising and ad monishing her have presence mind enough
the lords
say anything make her cause better. He knew for certain, that was but just that princess should judged equal laws with
themselves; and could assure them, that
the clearing herself this manner would
highly acceptable her most loving husband. jesty declared further them than thos durst But that some answer ought had from ask him, the case desiring liberty her, and report the truth mojesty, speech, &c. For told them granted yet his advice was, that they should choose the more, giving leave for each man speak his archbishop Canterbury; Charles duke mind freely, and not incur the penalty which Suffolk, grand master the houshould Wil the laws had fixed on those who took the liber lian earl Southampton, lord privy seal; with talk the incontinency que, us; the bishop Westminster; the king's coun especially when the said person did not
cil approved this, day after day, repair
the queen, treat this matter, according
their own prudence might think necessary. ”
And
L.
the mean time, the sentence concerning
On the 11th February, the lord chancellor produced two statutes, which had passed both
cy, would pardon And piopound majesty, the archbishop
and every them for these matters his Canterbury, Charles
gard health; which said took care not much for the sake his own body, that the whole republic. Nay, his ma
out malice will, but out zeal for his service. ”
the house, yesterday
w" (). in
ofto of
i. of to to of of of
go to
his On
;
to of on all
it
toto of to he of a
of to
of
to in he
be to
as
to
all in on
to
hisbe in
; or
if of by by it
by
on
on
as of, edno it. onhis G of inof to of
be
his to to; “or
ty
his
of so his of
to
to
toit of a to or or of to
if
to toa of
of it do of it,
of
be
be a to asit to to
ofa
2to he no :
asto
of
of
of by onas in his an
to in
ofor in of if in of toto ill he byhis be be
it. to allifbyto to
to ofall of in
of he of to to
ofheofby in his
he to as isbe
of to he byof of of
to
a
do
it of
in
to
of
by ofby to
of
to
in
on to
of
all of of
4&n STATE TRIALs, as Hesay VIII. 1540–Trial of Henry, Earl of surry, (132
lords and commons; one concerning the At left recompence them they deserv tainder of the queen, and the other about the ed. ” The earl Southampton, lord privy method of proceeding against lunatics, who he seal, next stood the house, and, near fore their insanity had confessed themselves the same words, confirmed what the duke had guilty of high treason. Each statute signed said adding Here the Journal Book with the king's own hand, and together with again breaks off abruptly, and we are only his majesty's assent to them, under the broad told that the chancellor prorogued the parlia seal, and signed also, which was annexed to ment the Tuesday following. This last the said statutes. This the chancellor held hiatus manuscripto, along with the former, furth in both hands, that both lords and coin makes seem evident, that they were not done mons, who were called for that purpose, might neglect the clerks, but design; and apparently sce and that the statutes might that was trick state, prevent posterity from thcnce have the full force and authority from being acquainted with some matters, not law. Which, when done, the duke Suf consistent with the respect they then paid
folk, grand master the king's household, deli their grand monarch.
vered himself, very serious discourse,
this effect: told the houses, That and
his fellow-deputies, appointed wait upon the
queen, had been with her; and that she had Anne) were brought the Tower, and after openly confessed and acknowledged them
the great crime she had been guilty against
the most high God and kind prince, and
lastly against the whole English nation. That
she begged them implore his majesty not
impute her crime alone her whole kin dred and family. But that his majesty how soever unworthy she might and undeserving,
would yet extend his unbounded mercy and his
singular beneficence her brothers, that
they might not suffer for her faults. Lastly,
off. -An Act also passed, declaring that shall lawful for any the king's subjects, them selves perfectly know, vehement pre sumption perceive any will, act condi
bescech his majesty that would please him
bestow some of her cloaths on those maid-ser conceal the same, shall High-Treason,
wants who had been with her from the time of &c. Iłut this Act was repealed Edward VI. her marriage, since she had now nothing else 12. and Mary
3S. The Trial HENRY Earl SURREy, for High Treason, before
Commissioners Henry VIII.
his Father Thom.
Oyer and Terminer, Guildhall, London: 1546; with the Proceedings against
[Lord Herbert's Hen. VIII. Burn. Reform. 345. ]
aster of the renowned lord the duke of Nor
folk, and the execution his son Henry the earl Surrey, which passed this manner,
our records tell us. -The dutchess Elizabeth,
daughter Edward Stafford duke Bucking ham, having for many years entertained vio
might interrupt the order intended give, was not unwillingly heard. So that not withstanding his many important and faithful
services, both war and peace, home and abroad, and his son Henry earl Surrey
duke
Norfolk, for the same Crime. Kennett's Compl. Hist. 263.
Extract from Lord Herbert's Hen.
SHALL conclude this year,1546, for the rest, disquieted with scruples that the
were exposed the malignity and detraction lent jealousies the duke her husband's ma their accusers. This again fell out
trimonial affection and loyalty, broke out unfortunate time; for besides that the lady his last open rancour, divers occasions dutchess had now for above four years been scandal were given; iiisomuch, that not being separated from him; son the earl Surrey content with having surmized long while was but newly, and perchance, scarce recon
since two Articles against him, she again, ciled with him; his daughter Mary dutchess sundry letters the lord privy-seal, both averr Richmond not only inclined the protes the Articles, and manifestly accused some tant party, (which loved not the duke) but
his minions, repeated divers hard usages she grown extreem enemy her brother pretended receive from them, and briefly that there was not only kind intestine di discovered the ordinary passions her vision family, but thi-s again many secret
fended sex. This again being urged time ways fomented.
-
And the queen and lady Jane Rochfort (wife the late lord Rochfort, and noted
particular instrument the death queen
confession their faults, had their heads cut
tion lightness body her which shall the queen this realm, disclose the same the king, some his council; but they
shall not openly blow abroad, whisper until divulged the king his council. the king, any his successors shall marry
woman which was before incontinent, she
when the king was his declining age, and
with the dis duke's greatness interest sequent times
in an his
1
be
or orof
do so
do of a
itinto
a
of
his
byit of to in toin or
ofed at ofI toto 1
to
a
all to
to
38
ofto
at
1 oror by
a as it
AsA. of D.
of
a so8.
in of of
ofto
heof
of
all to
in it, a of
of in
of
it
to all
of of toto
in of as
ofof inaIftobeaby
of of to : in
orifit of if to
in
so an
it, be be to
he to in
of
-
he
to
in be by as
or
of of
in itof of in
2
to of
it of to it : to
at 1.
- upof
be
to
a
to “
he
- 453] STATE TRIALS, Henry VIII. 1546. —for High Treason. {45+
Among which, the industry of one Mrs. Hol earl Surrey loved her not, nor the dutchess Sand, thought to be the duke's favourite, ap Richmond him and that she addicted her peared not a little, as desirous (at what price self inuch the said dutchess.
soever) to conserve herself. Besides, divers at Mary dutchess Richmond being examined, the king's council disaffected him, and particu confessed, that the duke her father would have larly the earl of Holland, as knowing that after had her marry Thomas Seymour, brother the king's death (now thought to be imminent) the earl Hertford, which her brother also de none was so capable to oppose him in the place sired, wishing her withal endear herself
he aspired to of protector. All which circum into the king's favour, she might the better stances concurring, and being voiced abroad, rule here others had done; and that she re
encouraged divers of his adversaries to declare
themselves; and the rather, because it was
notorious, how the king had not only withdrawn
much of his wonted favour, but promised int
fused: and that her father would have had the
earl Surrey have matched with the earl Hertford's daughter, which her brother like wise heard (and that this was the cause of
his father's displeasure) taking Hertford his enemy. And that her brother was
punity to such as could discover any thing con cerning him.
The first that manifested himself was sir Ri
much incensed against the said earl, the duke his father said thereupon, his son would lose much had gathered together.
chard Southwel, (Dec. 2. ) who said that he
knew certain things of the earl, that touched
his fidelity to the king. The earl, before the
lord chancellor Wriothesley, the lord St. John,
the earl of Hertford, and others, vehemently God called away the king, they should sunart affirmed himself a true man, desiring to be for And that her brother hated them all tryed by justice, or else offering himself to fight since his being custody Windsor-Castle in his shirt with Southwel. É.
the present only committed them. The duke will, saying his truth should bear him out. this while, hearing his son was in trouble, sends Concerning arms, she said, that she thought
to divers of his friends to know the cause, and that her brother had more than seven rolls;. particularly to the bishop of Winchester. (Dec. and that some, that had added inore An 3, 4. ) Those letters yet probable) fell into jou, and Lancelott Du-lac. And that her the king's council's hands; but could not pre father since the attainder of the duke of Buck
serve him from being involved his son's for tune (Dec. 12. ) that was sent for, and the same day, not long after his son, committed
ingham (who bare the king's arms) where the arms her mother (daughter the said duke) were rayned his coat, had put blank-quarter
Moreover, that the earl her brother should say, these new men loved nobility; and
the lords for but that her father seemed not care for their
the Tower. Divers persons also were exa the place, but that her brother had re-as
mined concerning his affairs. Mrs. Elizabeth Holland being deposed, confessed, that the
duke had told her, that none the king's
council loved him, because they were no
blemen born themselves; also because he
believed too truly the sacrament the altar. which she took the king's cipher. Moreover, that the king loved him not, because Asalso that her father never said that the king he was too much loved his country: but that hated him, but his counsellors; but that her he would follow his father's lesson, which was, brother said, the king was displeased with him that the less others set him, the more (as thought) for the loss the great jour would set himself. As also, that the duke ney. Which displeasure, conceived, was complained that was not the most secret
(or, there termed, the privy) council. And that the king was much grown his body,
and that could not and down the stairs, but was let and down device. And
that his majesty was sickly, and could not long endure; and the realm like be an case through diversity opinions. And that
were young man, and the realm quiet, would ask leave see the vernacle which he said was the picture Christ given women
himself went death. As touching his arms, that she had not heard the duke speak his own, but his son's, that liked them
set forward them who hated him, for setting altar the church Boulogne. And that her brother should say, God long save my father's life; for were dead, they would shortly have my head. And that revied
knew untruth directly not, and that had gathered them, himself rey, but suspected him
knew not from whence; and that placed the vanity; and that servant
Norfolk's arms wrong, and had found fault Italy with cardinal Poole, and was received with him; and the refore that she should take again his return. Moreover, that kept
pattern his son's arms work them one Pasquil Italian jester, but more with her needle his house, but gave likely spy, and reputed. He mentioned them. Furthermore, she confessed that the also one Peregrine Italian entertained by
sumed them. Also that instead of the duke's
coronet, was put his arms cap mainte nance purple, with powdered furr, and with
crown her judgment, much like close crown and underneath the arms was cipher,
some the present council, not forgetting the old cardinal. Also that he dissuaded her from going too far reading the scripture. Some passionate words her brother she likewise re
peated, also some circumstantial speeches, little for his advantage; yet so, they seeinca much to clear her father.
Sir Edmund Knevet being examined, said,
the earl Sur dissimulation and
his had been
of in
a. ,
heof he to of
he is by up
no of by
to
, aas : it
to
ofof no
to of
go up
in by
(it is
hehe ;inin of as to
38
he
if ill
hehe he
toby of a
as
he in
he
in
so
he up in ill beof of an he ; of it. as of of
a at of to
no as
of as of to an ininby in asof
a if to in he to sir soofto of;
an he be he
as of a of
at he
by ofaatoto
as as
in no to
he
he a to of
of Ila of as
in
R. a : if soto soto
as
435) STATE TRIALS, 3S HENRY VIII. 1546. --Ti Henry, Earl Surrey, [456
the said earl; adding, that loved con venting uncertain bruits, they were willing
verse with strangers, and conform his beha communicate the premisses. But the duke, viour them. And that thought had who had now as much merit of ancient service
therein some great device. plead for him, any subject his time One Thomas Pope also informed the council, could pretend to, thought (Jan. 19. ) from that John Freeman told him, that the duke (at the Tower, write unto the king this
Nottingham, the time the commotion the North) should say, the presence
manner.
“Most gracious and most sovereign lord. your most humble subject prostitute your worst act that ever was made, and that Free feet, most humbly beseech your highness
hundred persons, that the Act Uses was the
man affirmed those words before the lord my good and gracious lord. am sure Audeley, late lord chancellor. These Depo some great enemy mine hath informed your
sitiors together with others (as seems) being majesty some untrue matter against me. brought the king's Judges Norwich, they Sir, God doth know, my life never signified their letter unto the lords the thought one untrue thought against you, council, dated Jan.