Bouchard, 1994;
Bouchard
et al.
Steven-Pinker-The-Blank-Slate 1
"Land of plenty: Diversity as America's competitive edge in science, engineering, and .
technology," Report of the Congressional Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering, and Technology Development, September 2000.
58.
J.
Alper, "The pipeline is leaking women all the way along," Science, 260, April 16,1993; J.
Mervis, "Efforts to boost diversity face persistent problems," Science, 284, June 11,1999; J.
Mervis, "Diversity: Easier said than done," Science, 289, March 16,2000; J.
Mervis, "NSF searches for right way to help women," Science, 289, July 21,2000; J.
Mervis, "Gender equity: NSF program targets institutional change," Science, 291, July 21, 2001.
59. J. Mervis, "Efforts to boost diversity face persistent problems," Science, 284, June 11, 1999, p. 1757.
60. P. Healy, "Faculty shortage: Women in sciences," Boston Globe, January 31,2001.
61. C. Holden, "Parity as a goal sparks bitter battle," Science, 289, July 21,2000, p. 380.
62. Quoted in Young, 1999, pp. 22, 34-35.
63. Estrich, 2000; Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999; Goldin, 1990; Gottfredson, 1988; Hausman, 1999; Kleinfeld, 1999; Lehrman, 1997; Lubinski & Benbow, 1992; Roback, 1993; Schwartz, 1992; Young, 1999.
64. Browne, 1998; Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999; Goldin, 1990.
65. In a random sample of 100 members of the International Association for the Study of Child Language, I counted 75 women and 25 men. The Stanford Child Language Research Forum lists 18 past keynote speakers on its web site (csli. stanford. edu/~clrf/history. html): 15 women and 3 men.
66. Browne, 1998; Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999; Goldin, 1990; Gottfredson, 1988; Kleinfeld, 1999; Roback, 1993; Young, 1999.
67. Lubinski & Benbow, 1992. {457}
68. See Browne, 1998, and the references in note 63.
69. Buss, 1992; Ellis, 1992.
70. Hrdy, 1999.
71. Browne, 1998; Hrdy, 1999.
72. Roback, 1993.
73. Becker, 1991.
74. Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999.
75. Quoted in C. Young, "Sex and science," Salon, April 12, 2001.
76. Quoted in C. Holden, "Parity as a goal sparks bitter battle," Science, 289, July 21, 2000.
77. Quoted in C. Holden, "Parity as a goal sparks bitter battle," Science, 289, July 21,2000.
78. Kleinfeld, 1999.
79. National Science Foundation, Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 1998, www. nsf. gov/sbe/ srs/nsf99338.
80. Thornhill & Palmer, 2000.
81. "Report on the situation of human rights in the territory of the former Yugoslavia," 1993. United Nations Document E/CN. 4/1993/50. 82. J. E. Beals, "Ending the silence on sexual violence," Boston Globe, April 10,2000.
83. R. Haynor, "Violence against women," Boston Globe, October 22,2000.
84. Brownmiller, 1975, p. 14.
85. Young, 1999, p. 139.
? ? ? 86. McElroy, 1996.
87. McElroy, 1996.
88. Thiessen &Young, 1994.
89. Dworkin, 1993.
90. J. Tooby & L. Cosmides, "Reply to Jerry Coyne," www. psych. ucsb. edu/research/cep/tnr. html.
91. Gordon &Riger, 1991, p. 47.
92. Rose & Rose, 2000, p. 139.
93. M. Wertheim, "Born to rape? " Salon, February 29,2000.
94. G. Miller, "Why men rape," Evening Standard, March 6,2000, p. 53.
95. Symons, 1979; Thornhill & Palmer, 2000.
96. Jones, 1999. See also Check & Malamuth, 1985; Ellis & Beattie, 1983; Symons, 1979; Thornhill & Palmer, 2000.
97. Gottschall & Gottschall,2001.
98. Jones, 1999, p. 890.
99. Bureau of Justice Statistics, www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs.
100. Quoted in A. Humphreys, "Lawyers may use genetics study in rape defense," National Post (Canada), January 22, 2000, p. A8. 101. Quoted in Jones, 1999.
102. Paglia, 1990, pp. 51, 57.
103. McElroy, 1996.
104. J. Phillips, "Exploring inside to live on the outside," Boston Globe, March 21, 1999.
105. S. Satel, "The patriarchy made me do it," Women's Freedom Newsletter, 5, September/October 1998.
Chapter 19: Children
1. Turkheimer, 2000.
2. Goldberg, 1968; Janda, 1998; Neisser et al. , 1996.
3. Jensen, 1971.
4. Plominetal. , 2001.
5. Bouchard, 1994; Bouchard et al. , 1990; Bouchard, 1998; Loehlin, 1992; Plomin, 1994; Plominetal. , 2001.
6. Plominetal. ,2001.
7. McLearn et al. , 1997; Plomin, Owen, & McGuffin, 1994.
8. Bouchard, 1994; Bouchard et al. , 1990; Bouchard, 1998; Loehlin, 1992; Lykken et al. , 1992; Plomin, 1990; Plomin, 1994; Stromswold, 1998.
9. Plominetal. , 2001.
10. Bouchard et al. , 1990; Plomin, 1991; Plomin, 1994; Plomin & Daniels, 1987.
11. Bouchard et al. , 1990; Pedersen et al. , 1992.
12. Bouchard et al. , 1990; Bouchard, 1998.
13. Scarr & Carter-Saltzman, 1979.
14. Loehlin & Nichols, 1976.
15. Bouchard, 1998; Gutknecht, Spitz, & Carlier, 1999.
16. McGue, 1997.
17. Etcoff, 1999; Persico, Postlewaite, & Silverman, 2001.
18. Jackson & Huston, 1975.
19.
Bouchard, 1994; Bouchard et al. , 1990.
20. Kamin, 1974; Lewontin, Rose, & Kamin, 1984, p. 116.
21. Neisser et al. , 1996; Snyderman & Rothman, 1988.
22. Hunt, 1999, pp. 50-51.
23. Plomin & Daniels, 1987; Plomin et al. , 2001.
24. Bouchard, 1994; Harris, 1998a; Plomin & Daniels, 1987; Rowe, 1994; Turkheimer & Waldron, 2000. An example of a nonreplicated finding is the recent claim by Krueger, Hicks, & McGue, 2001, that altruism is affected by the shared environment, which is contradicted by a study by Rushton et al. , 1986, which used similar methods and a larger sample.
25. Stoolmiller, 2000.
26. Bouchard et al. , 1990; Plomin & Daniels, 1987; Reiss et al. , 2000; Rowe, 1994.
27. Plomin, 1991; Plomin & Daniels, 1987, p. 6; Plominetal. , 2001. {458}
28. Bouchard, 1994; Plomin & Daniels, 1987; Rowe, 1994; Turkheimer, 2000; Turkheimer & Waldron, 2000.
29. Schutze, 1987.
30. B. Singer, "How to raise a perfect child . . . ," Boston Globe Magazine, March 26, 2000, pp. 12-36.
31. D. Barry, "Is your kid's new best friend named 'Bessie'? Be very afraid," Miami Herald, October 31, 1999.
32. Harris, 1998a, chap. 2; Lytton, 1990.
33. Harris, 1998a, chap. 4; Harris, 2000b.
34. Harris, 1998a, pp. 319-320, 323.
35. Harris, 1998a; Harris, 1998b; Harris, 2000a; Harris, 2000b.
36. Harris, 1998a, chaps. 2, 3; Maccoby & Martin, 1983.
37. Harris, 1998a, pp. 300-311.
38. Bruer, 1999, p. 5.
39. Chabris, 1999.
40. T. B. Brazelton, "To curb teenage smoking, nurture children in their earliest years," Boston Globe, May 21,1998.
? ? ? ? 41. Bruer, 1999.
42. Collins et al. , 2000; Vandell, 2000.
43. Harris, 1995; Harris, 1998b; Harris, 2000b; Loehlin, 2001; Rowe, 2001.
44. Plomin, DeFries, & Fulker, 1988; Reiss et al. , 2000; Turkheimer & Waldron, 2000.
45. D. Reiss, quoted in A. M. Paul, "Kid stuff: Do parents really matter? " Psychology Today, January/February 1998, pp. 46-49, 78. 46. Sulloway, 1996.
47. Sulloway, 1995.
48. Harris, 1998a, appendix 1; Harris, in press.
49. Hrdy, 1999.
50. Dunphy, 1963.
51. Pinker, 1994, chaps. 2, 9.
52. Kosof, 1996.
53. Harris, 1998a, chaps. 9,12,13.
54. Harris, 1998a, p. 264.
55. Harris, 1998a, chap. 13; Rowe, 1994; Rutter, 1997.
56. Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990; Harris, 1998a, chap. 13.
57. Harris, 1998a, chap. 8.
58. M. Wertheim, "Mindfield" (Review of S. Pinker's How the mind works), The Australian's Review of Books, 1998.
59. O. James, "It's a free market on the nature of nurture," The Independent, October 20,1998.
60. www. philipmorrisusa. com/DisplayPage WithTopic. asp? ID=189. See also Anheuser-Busch's www. beeresponsible. com/ftad/review. html.
61. J. Leo, "Parenting without a care," US News and World Report, September 21,1998.
62. Quoted in J. Leo, "Parenting without a care," US News and World Report, September 21,1998.
63. S. Begley, "The parent trap," Newsweek, September 7,1998, p. 54.
64. S. Begley, "The parent trap," Newsweek, September 7,1998, p. 54.
65. J. Kagan, "A parent's influence is peerless," Boston Globe, September 13,1998, p. E3.
66. Harris, 1998b; Harris, 2000a; Harris, 2000b; Loehlin, 2001; Rowe, 2001.
67. See also Miller, 1997.
68. Austad, 2000; Finch & Kirkwood, 2000.
69. Hartman, Garvik, & Hartwell, 2001; Waddington, 1957.
70. Harris, 1998a, pp. 78-79.
71. Quoted in B. M. Rubin, "Raising a ruckus being a parent is difficult, but is it necessary? " Chicago Tribune, August 31, 1998.
72. Harris, 1998a, p. 291.
73. Harris, 1998a, p. 342.
Chapter 20: The Arts
1. R. Brustein, "The decline of high culture," New Republic, November 3,1997. 2. A. Kernan, Yale University Press, 1992.
3. A. Delbanco, New York Review of Books, November 4,1999.
4. R. Brustein, New Republic, November 3, 1997.
5. Conference at the Stanford University Humanities Center, April 23, 1999.
6. G. Steiner, PN Review, 25, March-April 1999.
7. J. Engell & A. Dangerfield, Harvard Magazine, May-June 1998, pp. 48-55, 111.
8. A.
59. J. Mervis, "Efforts to boost diversity face persistent problems," Science, 284, June 11, 1999, p. 1757.
60. P. Healy, "Faculty shortage: Women in sciences," Boston Globe, January 31,2001.
61. C. Holden, "Parity as a goal sparks bitter battle," Science, 289, July 21,2000, p. 380.
62. Quoted in Young, 1999, pp. 22, 34-35.
63. Estrich, 2000; Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999; Goldin, 1990; Gottfredson, 1988; Hausman, 1999; Kleinfeld, 1999; Lehrman, 1997; Lubinski & Benbow, 1992; Roback, 1993; Schwartz, 1992; Young, 1999.
64. Browne, 1998; Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999; Goldin, 1990.
65. In a random sample of 100 members of the International Association for the Study of Child Language, I counted 75 women and 25 men. The Stanford Child Language Research Forum lists 18 past keynote speakers on its web site (csli. stanford. edu/~clrf/history. html): 15 women and 3 men.
66. Browne, 1998; Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999; Goldin, 1990; Gottfredson, 1988; Kleinfeld, 1999; Roback, 1993; Young, 1999.
67. Lubinski & Benbow, 1992. {457}
68. See Browne, 1998, and the references in note 63.
69. Buss, 1992; Ellis, 1992.
70. Hrdy, 1999.
71. Browne, 1998; Hrdy, 1999.
72. Roback, 1993.
73. Becker, 1991.
74. Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999.
75. Quoted in C. Young, "Sex and science," Salon, April 12, 2001.
76. Quoted in C. Holden, "Parity as a goal sparks bitter battle," Science, 289, July 21, 2000.
77. Quoted in C. Holden, "Parity as a goal sparks bitter battle," Science, 289, July 21,2000.
78. Kleinfeld, 1999.
79. National Science Foundation, Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 1998, www. nsf. gov/sbe/ srs/nsf99338.
80. Thornhill & Palmer, 2000.
81. "Report on the situation of human rights in the territory of the former Yugoslavia," 1993. United Nations Document E/CN. 4/1993/50. 82. J. E. Beals, "Ending the silence on sexual violence," Boston Globe, April 10,2000.
83. R. Haynor, "Violence against women," Boston Globe, October 22,2000.
84. Brownmiller, 1975, p. 14.
85. Young, 1999, p. 139.
? ? ? 86. McElroy, 1996.
87. McElroy, 1996.
88. Thiessen &Young, 1994.
89. Dworkin, 1993.
90. J. Tooby & L. Cosmides, "Reply to Jerry Coyne," www. psych. ucsb. edu/research/cep/tnr. html.
91. Gordon &Riger, 1991, p. 47.
92. Rose & Rose, 2000, p. 139.
93. M. Wertheim, "Born to rape? " Salon, February 29,2000.
94. G. Miller, "Why men rape," Evening Standard, March 6,2000, p. 53.
95. Symons, 1979; Thornhill & Palmer, 2000.
96. Jones, 1999. See also Check & Malamuth, 1985; Ellis & Beattie, 1983; Symons, 1979; Thornhill & Palmer, 2000.
97. Gottschall & Gottschall,2001.
98. Jones, 1999, p. 890.
99. Bureau of Justice Statistics, www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs.
100. Quoted in A. Humphreys, "Lawyers may use genetics study in rape defense," National Post (Canada), January 22, 2000, p. A8. 101. Quoted in Jones, 1999.
102. Paglia, 1990, pp. 51, 57.
103. McElroy, 1996.
104. J. Phillips, "Exploring inside to live on the outside," Boston Globe, March 21, 1999.
105. S. Satel, "The patriarchy made me do it," Women's Freedom Newsletter, 5, September/October 1998.
Chapter 19: Children
1. Turkheimer, 2000.
2. Goldberg, 1968; Janda, 1998; Neisser et al. , 1996.
3. Jensen, 1971.
4. Plominetal. , 2001.
5. Bouchard, 1994; Bouchard et al. , 1990; Bouchard, 1998; Loehlin, 1992; Plomin, 1994; Plominetal. , 2001.
6. Plominetal. ,2001.
7. McLearn et al. , 1997; Plomin, Owen, & McGuffin, 1994.
8. Bouchard, 1994; Bouchard et al. , 1990; Bouchard, 1998; Loehlin, 1992; Lykken et al. , 1992; Plomin, 1990; Plomin, 1994; Stromswold, 1998.
9. Plominetal. , 2001.
10. Bouchard et al. , 1990; Plomin, 1991; Plomin, 1994; Plomin & Daniels, 1987.
11. Bouchard et al. , 1990; Pedersen et al. , 1992.
12. Bouchard et al. , 1990; Bouchard, 1998.
13. Scarr & Carter-Saltzman, 1979.
14. Loehlin & Nichols, 1976.
15. Bouchard, 1998; Gutknecht, Spitz, & Carlier, 1999.
16. McGue, 1997.
17. Etcoff, 1999; Persico, Postlewaite, & Silverman, 2001.
18. Jackson & Huston, 1975.
19.
Bouchard, 1994; Bouchard et al. , 1990.
20. Kamin, 1974; Lewontin, Rose, & Kamin, 1984, p. 116.
21. Neisser et al. , 1996; Snyderman & Rothman, 1988.
22. Hunt, 1999, pp. 50-51.
23. Plomin & Daniels, 1987; Plomin et al. , 2001.
24. Bouchard, 1994; Harris, 1998a; Plomin & Daniels, 1987; Rowe, 1994; Turkheimer & Waldron, 2000. An example of a nonreplicated finding is the recent claim by Krueger, Hicks, & McGue, 2001, that altruism is affected by the shared environment, which is contradicted by a study by Rushton et al. , 1986, which used similar methods and a larger sample.
25. Stoolmiller, 2000.
26. Bouchard et al. , 1990; Plomin & Daniels, 1987; Reiss et al. , 2000; Rowe, 1994.
27. Plomin, 1991; Plomin & Daniels, 1987, p. 6; Plominetal. , 2001. {458}
28. Bouchard, 1994; Plomin & Daniels, 1987; Rowe, 1994; Turkheimer, 2000; Turkheimer & Waldron, 2000.
29. Schutze, 1987.
30. B. Singer, "How to raise a perfect child . . . ," Boston Globe Magazine, March 26, 2000, pp. 12-36.
31. D. Barry, "Is your kid's new best friend named 'Bessie'? Be very afraid," Miami Herald, October 31, 1999.
32. Harris, 1998a, chap. 2; Lytton, 1990.
33. Harris, 1998a, chap. 4; Harris, 2000b.
34. Harris, 1998a, pp. 319-320, 323.
35. Harris, 1998a; Harris, 1998b; Harris, 2000a; Harris, 2000b.
36. Harris, 1998a, chaps. 2, 3; Maccoby & Martin, 1983.
37. Harris, 1998a, pp. 300-311.
38. Bruer, 1999, p. 5.
39. Chabris, 1999.
40. T. B. Brazelton, "To curb teenage smoking, nurture children in their earliest years," Boston Globe, May 21,1998.
? ? ? ? 41. Bruer, 1999.
42. Collins et al. , 2000; Vandell, 2000.
43. Harris, 1995; Harris, 1998b; Harris, 2000b; Loehlin, 2001; Rowe, 2001.
44. Plomin, DeFries, & Fulker, 1988; Reiss et al. , 2000; Turkheimer & Waldron, 2000.
45. D. Reiss, quoted in A. M. Paul, "Kid stuff: Do parents really matter? " Psychology Today, January/February 1998, pp. 46-49, 78. 46. Sulloway, 1996.
47. Sulloway, 1995.
48. Harris, 1998a, appendix 1; Harris, in press.
49. Hrdy, 1999.
50. Dunphy, 1963.
51. Pinker, 1994, chaps. 2, 9.
52. Kosof, 1996.
53. Harris, 1998a, chaps. 9,12,13.
54. Harris, 1998a, p. 264.
55. Harris, 1998a, chap. 13; Rowe, 1994; Rutter, 1997.
56. Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990; Harris, 1998a, chap. 13.
57. Harris, 1998a, chap. 8.
58. M. Wertheim, "Mindfield" (Review of S. Pinker's How the mind works), The Australian's Review of Books, 1998.
59. O. James, "It's a free market on the nature of nurture," The Independent, October 20,1998.
60. www. philipmorrisusa. com/DisplayPage WithTopic. asp? ID=189. See also Anheuser-Busch's www. beeresponsible. com/ftad/review. html.
61. J. Leo, "Parenting without a care," US News and World Report, September 21,1998.
62. Quoted in J. Leo, "Parenting without a care," US News and World Report, September 21,1998.
63. S. Begley, "The parent trap," Newsweek, September 7,1998, p. 54.
64. S. Begley, "The parent trap," Newsweek, September 7,1998, p. 54.
65. J. Kagan, "A parent's influence is peerless," Boston Globe, September 13,1998, p. E3.
66. Harris, 1998b; Harris, 2000a; Harris, 2000b; Loehlin, 2001; Rowe, 2001.
67. See also Miller, 1997.
68. Austad, 2000; Finch & Kirkwood, 2000.
69. Hartman, Garvik, & Hartwell, 2001; Waddington, 1957.
70. Harris, 1998a, pp. 78-79.
71. Quoted in B. M. Rubin, "Raising a ruckus being a parent is difficult, but is it necessary? " Chicago Tribune, August 31, 1998.
72. Harris, 1998a, p. 291.
73. Harris, 1998a, p. 342.
Chapter 20: The Arts
1. R. Brustein, "The decline of high culture," New Republic, November 3,1997. 2. A. Kernan, Yale University Press, 1992.
3. A. Delbanco, New York Review of Books, November 4,1999.
4. R. Brustein, New Republic, November 3, 1997.
5. Conference at the Stanford University Humanities Center, April 23, 1999.
6. G. Steiner, PN Review, 25, March-April 1999.
7. J. Engell & A. Dangerfield, Harvard Magazine, May-June 1998, pp. 48-55, 111.
8. A.
