Per-Nominativus ala,
genitivus
ala, dativus alo, vocativus alo,
ablativus ala.
ablativus ala.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v13 - Her to Hux
You only want to make more
fun of me: no plan can be so good that something will not be
said against it.
XIII-465
―
## p. 7426 (#228) ###########################################
7426
LUDVIG HOLBERG
Herman-Let us talk about something else. Anybody who
heard us would think we met to discuss the marriage relation.
I was thinking last night, when I could not sleep, how the gov-
ernment of Hamburg might be changed so as to shut out a few
families, who seem born to be bürgermeisters and councilors, and
bring back full freedom to the city. I was thinking that we
might choose our bürgermeisters, now from one trade, now from
another, so that all citizens could share in the government and
all kinds of business prosper: for example, when a goldsmith
became bürgermeister he would look after the goldsmiths' inter-
ests, a tailor after the tailors', a pewterer after the pewterers';
and nobody should be bürgermeister more than a month, so that
no trade should prosper more than another. If the government
were arranged that way, we might be a truly free people.
All-Your plan is a fine one, Master Herman.
You talk
like
Solomon.
Franz the Cutler-The plan is good enough, but—
Gert the Furrier-You are always coming in with your
" buts. " I believe your father or mother was a Mennonite. *
Herman Let him say what he means. What do you want
to say? What do you mean by your " but "?
Frantz I was wondering whether it wouldn't be hard some-
times to find a good bürgermeister in every trade. Master Her-
man is good enough, for he has studied; but after he is dead,
where could we find another pewterer fit for such an office?
For when the republic is on its knees, it isn't as easy to mold it
into another shape as it is to mold a plate or a mug when it is
spoiled.
-
-
Gert-Oh, rubbish! We can find plenty of good men among
the working classes.
Herman- Listen, Frantz: you are a young man yet, and so
you can't see as far into things as we others; but I see that you
have a good head, and may amount to something in time. I
will briefly prove to you from our own company that your rea-
son is not a good one. There are twelve of us here, all work-
ing people, and each of us can see a hundred mistakes that the
council makes. Now just imagine one of us made bürgermeister:
he could correct the mistakes we have so often talked about,
and that the council is too blind to see. Would Hamburg City
*This is a play upon the words: Men-but; - Mennist, Mennonite.
## p. 7427 (#229) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7427
lose anything by such a bürgermeister? If you good people think
it would, I will give up my plan.
All-You are quite right.
Herman-But now about our affairs. The time is going, and
we haven't read the papers yet. Heinrich, let us have the latest
papers.
Heinrich-Here are the latest papers.
Herman-Hand them to Richart the brushmaker, who is our
reader.
Richart- They write from the head camp on the Rhine that
recruits are expected.
Herman-Yes, they have written that a dozen times running.
Skip the Rhine. I lose my temper altogether when that thing is
talked about. What is the news from Italy?
Richart- They write from Italy that Prince Eugene has
broken up his camp, crossed the Po, and passed by all the fort-
resses to surprise the enemy's army, which thereupon retreated
four miles in great haste. The Duke of Vendôme laid waste his
own country on the retreat.
Herman-Ah, ah! His Highness is struck with blindness; we
are undone; I wouldn't give four skillings for the whole army
in Italy.
Gert I believe that the Prince did right; that was always
my plan. Didn't I say the other day, Frantz, that he ought to
do so?
――――
Frantz - No, I can't remember that you did.
Gert-I have said so a hundred times, for how can the army
lie and loiter there? The Prince was all right. I will maintain
it against anybody.
Herman-Heinrich, give me a glass of brandy.
I must say,
gentlemen, that things grew black before my eyes when I heard
this news read. Your health, Mussiörs! Now, I confess I call it
a capital mistake to pass by the fortresses.
Sivert-I would have done just the same if the army had
been under my command.
Frantz-Yes, the next thing we shall see is that they will
make generals out of inspectors.
Sivert - You need not jeer; I could do as well as some other
people.
Gert - I think that Sivert is right, and that the Prince did
well to go straight at the enemy.
## p. 7428 (#230) ###########################################
7428
LUDVIG HOLBERG
Herman
Ei, my good Gert, you know too much; you have a
good deal to learn yet.
Gert- I won't learn it from Frantz the cutler.
―
[They get into a sharp quarrel, talk in one another's faces, get up from
their stools, storm and threaten. ]
Herman [strikes the table and shouts]-Quiet, quiet, gentlemen!
Let us not talk about it any more; every one can have his own
opinion. Listen, gentlemen, pay attention! Do you suppose the
Duke of Vendôme retreated and laid waste the country because
he was frightened? No; the fellow has read the chronicle of
Alexander Magnus, who acted just that way when Darius pursued
him, and then won a victory as great as ours at Hochstedt.
Heinrich-The postmaster's clock just struck twelve.
Herman-Then we must all go.
[They continue the dispute on the way out. ]
FROM ERASMUS MONTANUS›
[Rasmus Berg, the son of Jeppe and Nille, simple country-folk, has been
sent to the university for an education, and returns to his home a pedantic
prig. He has Latinized his name into Erasmus Montanus, and his attainments
make a deep impression upon his parents. The third act introduces, besides
these three, the betrothed of Erasmus, Lisbed by name, her parents Jeronimus
and Magdelone, Jesper Ridefoged the bailiff, and Per Degn the parish clerk. ]
N
TILLE-My son Montanus is staying away a long while. I
wish he would come back before the bailiff goes, for he
wants to talk with him, and is curious to ask him about
this and that, such as Why, there he comes! Welcome back,
my dear son! Jeronimus must have been glad to see Mr. Son in
good health after so long an absence.
Montanus-I spoke neither with Jeronimus nor his daughter,
on account of a fellow with whom I got into an argument.
Nille-What sort of a fellow was he? Perhaps it was the
schoolmaster.
Montanus- No, it was a stranger who leaves here to-day. I
know him a little, although I never associated with him in Copen-
hagen. I lose my temper completely with people who imagine
themselves the embodiment of all wisdom, and who are idiots. I
will tell you, little mother, what it was all about. The fellow
has been ordinarius opponens once or twice, and therein is his
―
## p. 7429 (#231) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7429
sole merita. But how did he perform his partes? Misere et
hæsitanter absq. methodo. When Præses once made a distinction
inter rem et modum rei, he asked, Quid hoc est? Wretch! you
should have learned that antequam in arenam descendis. "Quid
hoc est? " quæ bruta! A fellow that ignores distinctiones cardi-
nales, and yet would dispute publice!
Nille-Well, Mr. Son must not take it too much to heart. I
can tell from what you say that he must be a fool.
Montanus- An ignoramus.
Nille-Nothing is more certain.
Montanus- An idiot.
Nille-He cannct be anything else.
Montanus - He publicly confused materiam cum forma.
Nille-He ought to be punished for it.
Montanus-And such a fellow thinks he can dispute.
Nille-The devil he can!
Montanus - Not to speak of the mistake he made in his pro-
amio, when he said, Lectissimi et doctissimi auditores.
Nille-What a fool he must be!
Montanus - Think of putting lectissimus before doctissimus,
when lectissimus is a prædicat, as every beginner should know.
Jeppe But didn't my son get to talk with Jeronimus?
Montanus- No, for just as I was going in I saw the fellow
passing by the door, and since we knew each other I went up
to greet him; whereupon we got into a discussion about learned.
matters, and finally into a disputation, so that I had to postpone
my visit.
-
Jeppe I am afraid that Monsieur Jeronimus will take it ill,
that my son went to his place and came away without seeing him.
Montanus-I couldn't help it. When a man attacks philoso-
phy, he attacks my honor. I am fond of Mademoiselle Lisbed,
but metaphysica and logica have the prior place in my affections.
Nille-O my dear son, what do I hear? Are you engaged
to two other girls in Copenhagen? You may get into trouble
with the courts.
―――――――――
Montanus You don't understand me: it is not meant that
way. They are not girls, but two branches of science.
Nille-That is different. But here comes the bailiff; don't be
angry any more.
Montanus- I can't be angry with him, because he is a simple
and ignorant man, with whom I cannot get into any argument.
## p. 7430 (#232) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7430
turn.
Jesper - Serviteur, Monsieur. I congratulate you on your re-
Montanus-Thank you, Mr. Bailiff.
Jesper I am very glad that we have so learned a man in
town. It must have racked his brain a good deal before he got
so far.
I wish you joy, too, Jeppe Berg! Your son makes you
very happy in your old age.
Jeppe-Yes, that is true.
Jesper - Now listen, my dear Monsieur Rasmus: I want to ask
you about something.
Montanus
-
My name is Montanus.
Jesper [aside to Jeppe]-Montanus-is that Latin for Rasmus?
Jeppe-Yes, it must be.
Jesper - Listen, my dear Monsieur Montanus Berg: I have
heard said that learned folks have singular ideas. Is it true that
in Copenhagen they think the earth is round? Here in the coun-
try no one will believe it; for how can it be, since the earth
seems quite flat?
Enter Jesper
-
Montanus - That is because the earth is so big that we do
not notice its roundness.
—
Jesper -Yes, that is true: the earth is big; it is almost half as
big as the world. But listen, monsieur: how many stars would it
take to make a moon?
Montanus- A moon! The moon is to a star about as Pebling
Lake is to the whole of Sjælland.
Jesper Ha, ha, ha, ha! Learned people are never quite right
in their heads. I have even heard people say that the earth runs
and the sun stands still. Monsieur doesn't believe that too?
Montanus
Jesper - Ha, ha, ha! If the earth ran, we should all fall over
and break our necks.
Montanus-Cannot a ship sail with you without breaking your
――
―
neck?
Jesper But you say that the earth goes round; if a ship
turned over, wouldn't the people fall out into the sea?
Montanus-I will explain it more clearly, if you will only be
―――
- No reasonable man any longer doubts it.
patient.
Jesper I don't want to hear about it. I should have to be
crazy to believe such stuff. The earth turns round without our
## p. 7431 (#233) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7431
all falling into the gulf and going to the devil, ha, ha, ha! But,
my dear Monsieur Berg, how does it happen that the moon is
sometimes so little and sometimes so big?
Montanus- If I were to tell you, you wouldn't believe it.
Jesper But just be good enough to tell me.
Montanus- It is because when the moon is grown to full size,
they cut off little pieces to make stars of.
Jesper - That is very curious, I declare. I didn't know that
before. If they didn't cut off the little pieces it might grow too
big, and be as broad as Sjælland. Nature rules things very wisely.
But why doesn't the moon warm us like the sun, since it is quite
as big?
—
Montanus - It is because the moon gives no light, but is
made of the same dark matter as the earth, and gets its light
from the sun.
Jesper Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha! Let us talk about something
else. These things are distracting enough to make a man's head
turn Catholic.
are.
-
Enter Per Degn
Jeppe - Welcome, Per!
Good people come where good people
Here you see my son, who has just come home.
Per-Welcome here, Monsieur Rasmus Berg!
Montanus-In Copenhagen I am usually called Montanus: I
beg that you will address me by that name.
Per - All right, it amounts to about the same thing.
affairs in Copenhagen? Did many graduate this year?
Montanus-As many as usual.
Per-Were there some rejected this year?
Montanus-Two or three conditionaliter.
How are
Per-Who is imprimatur this year?
Montanus-What do you mean?
Per-I mean, who is imprimatur in verses and books that are
printed?
Montanus-Is that supposed to be Latin?
Per-It was good Latin in my time.
Montanus-
was never Latin in the sense you give to it.
Per-Good Latin it is, all the same.
Montanus-Is it a nomen or a verbum?
Per-It is a nomen.
―――
- If it was good Latin then, it must be now; but it
## p. 7432 (#234) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7432
Jesper That's right, Per, stick to it!
Montanus-Cujus declinationis is imprimatur then?
Per-All the words there are, belong to eight classes, which
are nomen, pronomen, verbum, principium, conjugatio, declinatio,
interjectio.
Jesper - Hear, hear; listen to Per, when he talks off-hand.
That is right, press him hard!
Montanus- He doesn't answer what I ask him. What is im-
primatur in genitivo?
Per-Nominativus ala, genitivus ala, dativus alo, vocativus alo,
ablativus ala.
Jesper - There, there, Monsieur Montanus, we have people here
in the country too.
Per-I should say so. In my time the fellows that matricu-
lated were of a different sort from nowadays. They were fellows
that got shaved twice a week, and could scandere all sorts of
verse.
Montanus - That is a great thing to boast of: anybody can
do that now in the second lesson. Fellows now graduate from
the schools of Copenhagen who can make Hebrew and Chaldaic
verses.
Per-Then they can't know much Latin.
Montanus-Latin! If you were to go to school now, they
would put you in the booby class.
Jesper - Don't say that, Montanus. I know that the clerk is a
deeply studied man; I have heard the tax collector and the dis-
trict judge say so.
Montanus-Perhaps they know no more Latin than he does.
Jesper But I can hear that he speaks up stoutly for himself.
Montanus- He doesn't answer the questions I ask him. E qua
schola dismissus es, mi domine?
Per-Adjectivum et substantivum genere, numero, et caseo con-
―
veniunt.
Jesper He gives him full measure, i' faith. Come, Per, we'll
have a glass of brandy together.
Montanus- If Mr. Bailiff knew what these answers meant, he
would split his sides laughing. I ask him from what school he
graduated, and he answers with a lot of rubbish that has nothing
to do with the question.
――――
-
Per-Tunc tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet.
Jesper - Well, well, now he wants to go on. Just answer that.
TH
## p. 7433 (#235) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7433
Let us
Montanus-I cannot answer it; it is mere nonsense.
talk Danish together, so that the others can understand, and you
will soon find out what sort of fellow he is.
[Nille weeps. ]
Jesper - What are you weeping for, mother?
Nille-It hurts me so to have my son beaten in Latin.
Jesper - Well, mother, that is no wonder,- Per is so much
older than he is. It is no wonder. Let them talk Danish now,
so we can all understand.
Per-Very well. I am ready for whichever he chooses. We
will ask each other a few questions: for example, who was it
that cried so loud that he was heard all over the world?
Montanus- I know of no one who can cry louder than don-
keys and parish clerks.
Per-Nonsense! can you hear them all over the world? It
was an ass in the ark, because the whole world was in the ark.
Jesper Ha, ha, ha! So it was, ha, ha, ha! Per Degn has
got a cunning head on his shoulders.
Per
Who killed a quarter of mankind?
Montanus-I do not answer such coarse questions.
Per-It was Cain, who killed his brother Abel.
-
Montanus- - Prove that there were not more than four human
beings in the world.
Per-Prove that there were more.
Montanus- I am not forced to; for affirmanti incumbit pro-
batio. Do you understand that?
Omnia conando docilis solertia vincit. Do
―――
Per-Certainly.
you understand that?
Montanus-I am very foolish to stay here in disputation with
a booby. You would dispute, and know neither Latin nor Dan-
ish, still less what logica is. Let us hear, Quid est logica?
Per-Post molestam senectutem, post molestam senectutem nos
habebat humus.
Montanus- - Will the rascal make fun of me?
-
[Grabs him by the hair; they struggle; the clerk escapes, crying "Booby,
booby! " All go out except the bailiff. ]
## p. 7434 (#236) ###########################################
7434
LUDVIG HOLBERG
―
Jeronimus-Your servant, Mr. Bailiff.
came to see my future son-in-law, Rasmus Berg.
Jesper He will be here right away.
Pity you didn't come
half an hour sooner; you might have heard him argue with the
clerk.
―――
Jeronimus- How did it come out?
Jesper Per Degn, deuce take him, is slyer than I thought;
I see that he has forgotten neither his Latin nor his Hebrew.
Jeronimus- I can believe that, for he never knew much of
—
Enter Jeronimus
them.
Jesper - Don't say that, Monsieur Jeronimus. He has got a
deuce of a mouth on him. It is really a pleasure to hear the
man talk Latin.
-
Jeronimus-That is more than I supposed he could do. But
how does my son-in-law look?
So I find you here. I
Jesper He looks dreadfully learned; you would hardly know
him again. He has got another name, too.
Jeronimus Another name! What is his name now?
comes.
――――
-
Jesper ― He calls himself Montanus, which is the same as Ras-
mus in Latin.
Jeronimus-Oh fie! that is abominable. I have known many
who have thus changed their Christian names, and they never
did well in the world. I knew one a few years ago who was
christened Peer, and who when he amounted to something sought
to change his stamp, and had himself called Peiter. But his
Peiter cost him dear, for he broke his leg and died in great
wretchedness. Our Lord does not like such doings, Mr. Bailiff.
___
Jesper - I don't care what sort of a name he takes, but I
don't like to have him believe in such strange opinions.
Jeronimus- What opinions has he got?
Jesper - They are frightful. The hair stands up on my head
when I think of them. I don't remember all that I heard, but I
know that he said for one thing that the earth was round. What
do you think of that, Monsieur Jeronimus? It is nothing less
than upsetting all religion and leading people away from their
faith. A heathen cannot be worse.
Jeronimus- He must have said it in jest.
Jesper It is dreadful to make such jests.
See, there he
## p. 7435 (#237) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7435
Enter Montanus
Montanus-Welcome, dear father-in-law. I am glad to see
you in good health.
Jeronimus-People of my age cannot expect to have remark-
able health.
Montanus-You look thoroughly well.
Jeronimus- Do you think so?
Montanus- How is Mademoiselle Lisbed?
but
a pancake.
Jeronimus-Well enough.
Montanus-Why, what is the matter, that you greet me so
coldly, dear father-in-law?
Jeronimus- I have good cause to.
Montanus - What wrong have I done?
Jeronimus- I have been told that you have peculiar opinions:
people must think you are crazy or Catholic in your head, for
how can a reasonable man hav the rashness to say that the
earth is round?
Montanus-Of course it is round; I must say what is true.
Jeronimus - It is the Devil's own truth; such notions must
come from the father of lies. I am sure there is not one man
in this town who would not condemn such an opinion: ask the
bailiff, who is a reasonable man, if he doesn't agree with me.
Jesper - It is all the same to me whether it is round or long;
must believe my eyes, and they tell me the earth is flat as
Montanus- It is all the same to me what the bailiff or any-
body else in this town thinks about it, for I know the earth is
round.
――
Jeronimus- It isn't round. I believe you are crazy. You have
eyes in your head like other men.
Montanus- It is well known, my dear father-in-law, that there
are people right under us, with feet pointed toward ours.
Jesper Ha, ha, ha, hi, hi, hi, ha, ha, ha!
Jeronimus- You may well laugh, for he has a screw loose in
his head. Just try once to get up under the ceiling, and turn
your head down, and then see what will come of it.
Montanus-That is quite another matter, father-in-law.
Jeronimus-I won't be your father-in-law any more. I think
more of my daughter than to throw her away on you.
## p. 7436 (#238) ###########################################
7436
LUDVIG HOLBERG
Montanus-Your daughter is as dear to me as my own soul,
in truth; but you cannot expect me for her sake to renounce
philosophy and send my intelligence into exile.
—
Jeronimus - Yes, yes, I hear you have got some other woman
in your head. You may keep your Lucy or Sophy: I shall not
force my daughter upon you.
Montanus You misunderstand me. Philosophy is only a
branch of science, and it has opened my eyes in this matter as
in others.
――――
Jeronimus-It has rather blinded both eyes and understand-
ing. How can you show such a thing as that?
Montanus-It is not necessary to prove it. Educated persons
no longer doubt it.
Jesper - Per Degn would never admit that.
Montanus-Per Degn! He is a nice fellow! I am foolish
to stand here and talk philosophy with you; but to please Mon-
sieur Jeronimus, I will give you two proofs. First, that we get
from travelers; who, when they get several thousand miles away
from us, have daylight when we have night, see other stars and
another sky.
Jeronimus - Are you crazy, that you say there is more than
one heaven and earth?
Jesper - Yes, Monsieur Jeronimus. There are twelve heavens,
one above the other, until you come to the crystal heaven. He
is right as to that.
Montanus-0
O quantæ tenebræ!
Jeronimus -I went to Kiel sixteen times when I was young,
but as true as I am an honest man, I never saw any other sky
than the one we have here.
moon.
-
Montanus-You would have to travel sixteen times as far,
Domine Jeronime, before you could see it, because
Jeronimus-Stop talking such nonsense; it doesn't lead to
anything. Let us hear the other proof.
Montanus-The other proof is from eclipses of the sun and
―――
Jesper - Just listen to that; now he is really crazy.
Montanus-What do you suppose an eclipse is?
Jesper - Eclipses are signs set upon the sun and moon to
show when some misfortune is to happen on earth.
I can prove
that by my own experience: when my wife was sick three years
## p. 7437 (#239) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7437
ago, and when my daughter Gertrude died, both times there were
eclipses before.
Montanus-Such nonsense will drive me crazy.
Jeronimus-The bailiff is right; for there is never an eclipse
that does not mean something. When the last one occurred,
everything seemed to be going well, but not for long: only two
weeks afterwards we got news from Copenhagen that six stu-
dents had failed at once, and two of them were deans' sons. If
you don't hear of something bad in one place after such an
eclipse, you are sure to in another.
Montanus-That is certain enough; for no day passes with-
out bringing misfortune in some part of the world. As for the
people you speak about, they should not put it off on the eclipse,
for if they had studied harder they would have got through.
Jeronimus-What is an eclipse of the moon, then?
Montanus-It is nothing but the earth's shadow, which de-
prives the moon of sunlight; and since the shadow is round, we
can see that the earth likewise is round. It is all perfectly nat-
ural; for we can calculate eclipses, and therefore it is foolishness
to say that they are signs of coming misfortune.
Jeronimus- Ah, Mr. Bailiff, I feel sick. It was an unhappy
hour when your parents let you study.
I
Jesper - Yes, he is pretty near to becoming an atheist.
must set Per Degn at him again. There is a man who can talk
to some purpose. He shall prove to you, either in Latin or
Greek as you like, that the earth, thank God, is as flat as my
hand. But there comes Madame Jeronimus with her daughter.
Enter Magdelone and Lisbed
Magdelone - O my dear son-in-law, it is a joy to see you back
again in good health.
Lisbed-O my love, let me embrace you!
Jeronimus-Softly, softly, my child, not so fast.
Lisbed - May I not embrace my betrothed, whom I have not
seen for years?
Jeronimus- Keep away from him, I tell you, or you will get
beaten.
Lisbed [weeping]-I know that we were publicly betrothed.
Jeronimus-That is true enough; but a difficulty has since.
[Lisbed weeps. ]
arisen.
## p. 7438 (#240) ###########################################
7438
LUDVIG HOLBERG
Jeronimus-You shall know, my child, that when he became
engaged to you he was a well-behaved man and a good Christ-
ian; but now he is a heretic and a fanatic, who deserves to be
put into the Litany rather than into relationship with us.
Lisbed-Is that all, father? We can settle that easily enough.
Jeronimus-Keep away from him, I say!
Magdelone-What does this mean, Mr. Bailiff ?
Jesper It is bad enough, madame! He brings false learning
into the town, says that the earth is round, and things of that
sort that I blush to mention.
Jeronimus- Don't you pity the good old parents who have
spent so much money on him?
Magdelone-Ei, is that all? If he loves our daughter he
will give up his notion, and say that the earth is flat, for her
sake.
Lisbed-Ah, my love, say for my sake that it is flat.
Montanus-I cannot oblige you, so long as my reason is left
me. I cannot give the earth any other shape than it has by
nature. I will say and do all that is possible for your sake, but
I cannot oblige you in this. For should my fellow students come
to know that I had made such a statement, I should be scorned
and held for a fool; besides, we learned men never take back
what we have said, but defend it to the last drop of our ink-
bottle.
Magdelone-Listen, husband: this does not seem to me im-
portant enough to make us break off the match.
Jeronimus- And I say that if they were already married, I
Iwould have them divorced on account of it.
Magdelone-I think I've got something to say about it; for if
she is your daughter she is mine too.
fun of me: no plan can be so good that something will not be
said against it.
XIII-465
―
## p. 7426 (#228) ###########################################
7426
LUDVIG HOLBERG
Herman-Let us talk about something else. Anybody who
heard us would think we met to discuss the marriage relation.
I was thinking last night, when I could not sleep, how the gov-
ernment of Hamburg might be changed so as to shut out a few
families, who seem born to be bürgermeisters and councilors, and
bring back full freedom to the city. I was thinking that we
might choose our bürgermeisters, now from one trade, now from
another, so that all citizens could share in the government and
all kinds of business prosper: for example, when a goldsmith
became bürgermeister he would look after the goldsmiths' inter-
ests, a tailor after the tailors', a pewterer after the pewterers';
and nobody should be bürgermeister more than a month, so that
no trade should prosper more than another. If the government
were arranged that way, we might be a truly free people.
All-Your plan is a fine one, Master Herman.
You talk
like
Solomon.
Franz the Cutler-The plan is good enough, but—
Gert the Furrier-You are always coming in with your
" buts. " I believe your father or mother was a Mennonite. *
Herman Let him say what he means. What do you want
to say? What do you mean by your " but "?
Frantz I was wondering whether it wouldn't be hard some-
times to find a good bürgermeister in every trade. Master Her-
man is good enough, for he has studied; but after he is dead,
where could we find another pewterer fit for such an office?
For when the republic is on its knees, it isn't as easy to mold it
into another shape as it is to mold a plate or a mug when it is
spoiled.
-
-
Gert-Oh, rubbish! We can find plenty of good men among
the working classes.
Herman- Listen, Frantz: you are a young man yet, and so
you can't see as far into things as we others; but I see that you
have a good head, and may amount to something in time. I
will briefly prove to you from our own company that your rea-
son is not a good one. There are twelve of us here, all work-
ing people, and each of us can see a hundred mistakes that the
council makes. Now just imagine one of us made bürgermeister:
he could correct the mistakes we have so often talked about,
and that the council is too blind to see. Would Hamburg City
*This is a play upon the words: Men-but; - Mennist, Mennonite.
## p. 7427 (#229) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7427
lose anything by such a bürgermeister? If you good people think
it would, I will give up my plan.
All-You are quite right.
Herman-But now about our affairs. The time is going, and
we haven't read the papers yet. Heinrich, let us have the latest
papers.
Heinrich-Here are the latest papers.
Herman-Hand them to Richart the brushmaker, who is our
reader.
Richart- They write from the head camp on the Rhine that
recruits are expected.
Herman-Yes, they have written that a dozen times running.
Skip the Rhine. I lose my temper altogether when that thing is
talked about. What is the news from Italy?
Richart- They write from Italy that Prince Eugene has
broken up his camp, crossed the Po, and passed by all the fort-
resses to surprise the enemy's army, which thereupon retreated
four miles in great haste. The Duke of Vendôme laid waste his
own country on the retreat.
Herman-Ah, ah! His Highness is struck with blindness; we
are undone; I wouldn't give four skillings for the whole army
in Italy.
Gert I believe that the Prince did right; that was always
my plan. Didn't I say the other day, Frantz, that he ought to
do so?
――――
Frantz - No, I can't remember that you did.
Gert-I have said so a hundred times, for how can the army
lie and loiter there? The Prince was all right. I will maintain
it against anybody.
Herman-Heinrich, give me a glass of brandy.
I must say,
gentlemen, that things grew black before my eyes when I heard
this news read. Your health, Mussiörs! Now, I confess I call it
a capital mistake to pass by the fortresses.
Sivert-I would have done just the same if the army had
been under my command.
Frantz-Yes, the next thing we shall see is that they will
make generals out of inspectors.
Sivert - You need not jeer; I could do as well as some other
people.
Gert - I think that Sivert is right, and that the Prince did
well to go straight at the enemy.
## p. 7428 (#230) ###########################################
7428
LUDVIG HOLBERG
Herman
Ei, my good Gert, you know too much; you have a
good deal to learn yet.
Gert- I won't learn it from Frantz the cutler.
―
[They get into a sharp quarrel, talk in one another's faces, get up from
their stools, storm and threaten. ]
Herman [strikes the table and shouts]-Quiet, quiet, gentlemen!
Let us not talk about it any more; every one can have his own
opinion. Listen, gentlemen, pay attention! Do you suppose the
Duke of Vendôme retreated and laid waste the country because
he was frightened? No; the fellow has read the chronicle of
Alexander Magnus, who acted just that way when Darius pursued
him, and then won a victory as great as ours at Hochstedt.
Heinrich-The postmaster's clock just struck twelve.
Herman-Then we must all go.
[They continue the dispute on the way out. ]
FROM ERASMUS MONTANUS›
[Rasmus Berg, the son of Jeppe and Nille, simple country-folk, has been
sent to the university for an education, and returns to his home a pedantic
prig. He has Latinized his name into Erasmus Montanus, and his attainments
make a deep impression upon his parents. The third act introduces, besides
these three, the betrothed of Erasmus, Lisbed by name, her parents Jeronimus
and Magdelone, Jesper Ridefoged the bailiff, and Per Degn the parish clerk. ]
N
TILLE-My son Montanus is staying away a long while. I
wish he would come back before the bailiff goes, for he
wants to talk with him, and is curious to ask him about
this and that, such as Why, there he comes! Welcome back,
my dear son! Jeronimus must have been glad to see Mr. Son in
good health after so long an absence.
Montanus-I spoke neither with Jeronimus nor his daughter,
on account of a fellow with whom I got into an argument.
Nille-What sort of a fellow was he? Perhaps it was the
schoolmaster.
Montanus- No, it was a stranger who leaves here to-day. I
know him a little, although I never associated with him in Copen-
hagen. I lose my temper completely with people who imagine
themselves the embodiment of all wisdom, and who are idiots. I
will tell you, little mother, what it was all about. The fellow
has been ordinarius opponens once or twice, and therein is his
―
## p. 7429 (#231) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7429
sole merita. But how did he perform his partes? Misere et
hæsitanter absq. methodo. When Præses once made a distinction
inter rem et modum rei, he asked, Quid hoc est? Wretch! you
should have learned that antequam in arenam descendis. "Quid
hoc est? " quæ bruta! A fellow that ignores distinctiones cardi-
nales, and yet would dispute publice!
Nille-Well, Mr. Son must not take it too much to heart. I
can tell from what you say that he must be a fool.
Montanus- An ignoramus.
Nille-Nothing is more certain.
Montanus- An idiot.
Nille-He cannct be anything else.
Montanus - He publicly confused materiam cum forma.
Nille-He ought to be punished for it.
Montanus-And such a fellow thinks he can dispute.
Nille-The devil he can!
Montanus - Not to speak of the mistake he made in his pro-
amio, when he said, Lectissimi et doctissimi auditores.
Nille-What a fool he must be!
Montanus - Think of putting lectissimus before doctissimus,
when lectissimus is a prædicat, as every beginner should know.
Jeppe But didn't my son get to talk with Jeronimus?
Montanus- No, for just as I was going in I saw the fellow
passing by the door, and since we knew each other I went up
to greet him; whereupon we got into a discussion about learned.
matters, and finally into a disputation, so that I had to postpone
my visit.
-
Jeppe I am afraid that Monsieur Jeronimus will take it ill,
that my son went to his place and came away without seeing him.
Montanus-I couldn't help it. When a man attacks philoso-
phy, he attacks my honor. I am fond of Mademoiselle Lisbed,
but metaphysica and logica have the prior place in my affections.
Nille-O my dear son, what do I hear? Are you engaged
to two other girls in Copenhagen? You may get into trouble
with the courts.
―――――――――
Montanus You don't understand me: it is not meant that
way. They are not girls, but two branches of science.
Nille-That is different. But here comes the bailiff; don't be
angry any more.
Montanus- I can't be angry with him, because he is a simple
and ignorant man, with whom I cannot get into any argument.
## p. 7430 (#232) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7430
turn.
Jesper - Serviteur, Monsieur. I congratulate you on your re-
Montanus-Thank you, Mr. Bailiff.
Jesper I am very glad that we have so learned a man in
town. It must have racked his brain a good deal before he got
so far.
I wish you joy, too, Jeppe Berg! Your son makes you
very happy in your old age.
Jeppe-Yes, that is true.
Jesper - Now listen, my dear Monsieur Rasmus: I want to ask
you about something.
Montanus
-
My name is Montanus.
Jesper [aside to Jeppe]-Montanus-is that Latin for Rasmus?
Jeppe-Yes, it must be.
Jesper - Listen, my dear Monsieur Montanus Berg: I have
heard said that learned folks have singular ideas. Is it true that
in Copenhagen they think the earth is round? Here in the coun-
try no one will believe it; for how can it be, since the earth
seems quite flat?
Enter Jesper
-
Montanus - That is because the earth is so big that we do
not notice its roundness.
—
Jesper -Yes, that is true: the earth is big; it is almost half as
big as the world. But listen, monsieur: how many stars would it
take to make a moon?
Montanus- A moon! The moon is to a star about as Pebling
Lake is to the whole of Sjælland.
Jesper Ha, ha, ha, ha! Learned people are never quite right
in their heads. I have even heard people say that the earth runs
and the sun stands still. Monsieur doesn't believe that too?
Montanus
Jesper - Ha, ha, ha! If the earth ran, we should all fall over
and break our necks.
Montanus-Cannot a ship sail with you without breaking your
――
―
neck?
Jesper But you say that the earth goes round; if a ship
turned over, wouldn't the people fall out into the sea?
Montanus-I will explain it more clearly, if you will only be
―――
- No reasonable man any longer doubts it.
patient.
Jesper I don't want to hear about it. I should have to be
crazy to believe such stuff. The earth turns round without our
## p. 7431 (#233) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7431
all falling into the gulf and going to the devil, ha, ha, ha! But,
my dear Monsieur Berg, how does it happen that the moon is
sometimes so little and sometimes so big?
Montanus- If I were to tell you, you wouldn't believe it.
Jesper But just be good enough to tell me.
Montanus- It is because when the moon is grown to full size,
they cut off little pieces to make stars of.
Jesper - That is very curious, I declare. I didn't know that
before. If they didn't cut off the little pieces it might grow too
big, and be as broad as Sjælland. Nature rules things very wisely.
But why doesn't the moon warm us like the sun, since it is quite
as big?
—
Montanus - It is because the moon gives no light, but is
made of the same dark matter as the earth, and gets its light
from the sun.
Jesper Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha! Let us talk about something
else. These things are distracting enough to make a man's head
turn Catholic.
are.
-
Enter Per Degn
Jeppe - Welcome, Per!
Good people come where good people
Here you see my son, who has just come home.
Per-Welcome here, Monsieur Rasmus Berg!
Montanus-In Copenhagen I am usually called Montanus: I
beg that you will address me by that name.
Per - All right, it amounts to about the same thing.
affairs in Copenhagen? Did many graduate this year?
Montanus-As many as usual.
Per-Were there some rejected this year?
Montanus-Two or three conditionaliter.
How are
Per-Who is imprimatur this year?
Montanus-What do you mean?
Per-I mean, who is imprimatur in verses and books that are
printed?
Montanus-Is that supposed to be Latin?
Per-It was good Latin in my time.
Montanus-
was never Latin in the sense you give to it.
Per-Good Latin it is, all the same.
Montanus-Is it a nomen or a verbum?
Per-It is a nomen.
―――
- If it was good Latin then, it must be now; but it
## p. 7432 (#234) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7432
Jesper That's right, Per, stick to it!
Montanus-Cujus declinationis is imprimatur then?
Per-All the words there are, belong to eight classes, which
are nomen, pronomen, verbum, principium, conjugatio, declinatio,
interjectio.
Jesper - Hear, hear; listen to Per, when he talks off-hand.
That is right, press him hard!
Montanus- He doesn't answer what I ask him. What is im-
primatur in genitivo?
Per-Nominativus ala, genitivus ala, dativus alo, vocativus alo,
ablativus ala.
Jesper - There, there, Monsieur Montanus, we have people here
in the country too.
Per-I should say so. In my time the fellows that matricu-
lated were of a different sort from nowadays. They were fellows
that got shaved twice a week, and could scandere all sorts of
verse.
Montanus - That is a great thing to boast of: anybody can
do that now in the second lesson. Fellows now graduate from
the schools of Copenhagen who can make Hebrew and Chaldaic
verses.
Per-Then they can't know much Latin.
Montanus-Latin! If you were to go to school now, they
would put you in the booby class.
Jesper - Don't say that, Montanus. I know that the clerk is a
deeply studied man; I have heard the tax collector and the dis-
trict judge say so.
Montanus-Perhaps they know no more Latin than he does.
Jesper But I can hear that he speaks up stoutly for himself.
Montanus- He doesn't answer the questions I ask him. E qua
schola dismissus es, mi domine?
Per-Adjectivum et substantivum genere, numero, et caseo con-
―
veniunt.
Jesper He gives him full measure, i' faith. Come, Per, we'll
have a glass of brandy together.
Montanus- If Mr. Bailiff knew what these answers meant, he
would split his sides laughing. I ask him from what school he
graduated, and he answers with a lot of rubbish that has nothing
to do with the question.
――――
-
Per-Tunc tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet.
Jesper - Well, well, now he wants to go on. Just answer that.
TH
## p. 7433 (#235) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7433
Let us
Montanus-I cannot answer it; it is mere nonsense.
talk Danish together, so that the others can understand, and you
will soon find out what sort of fellow he is.
[Nille weeps. ]
Jesper - What are you weeping for, mother?
Nille-It hurts me so to have my son beaten in Latin.
Jesper - Well, mother, that is no wonder,- Per is so much
older than he is. It is no wonder. Let them talk Danish now,
so we can all understand.
Per-Very well. I am ready for whichever he chooses. We
will ask each other a few questions: for example, who was it
that cried so loud that he was heard all over the world?
Montanus- I know of no one who can cry louder than don-
keys and parish clerks.
Per-Nonsense! can you hear them all over the world? It
was an ass in the ark, because the whole world was in the ark.
Jesper Ha, ha, ha! So it was, ha, ha, ha! Per Degn has
got a cunning head on his shoulders.
Per
Who killed a quarter of mankind?
Montanus-I do not answer such coarse questions.
Per-It was Cain, who killed his brother Abel.
-
Montanus- - Prove that there were not more than four human
beings in the world.
Per-Prove that there were more.
Montanus- I am not forced to; for affirmanti incumbit pro-
batio. Do you understand that?
Omnia conando docilis solertia vincit. Do
―――
Per-Certainly.
you understand that?
Montanus-I am very foolish to stay here in disputation with
a booby. You would dispute, and know neither Latin nor Dan-
ish, still less what logica is. Let us hear, Quid est logica?
Per-Post molestam senectutem, post molestam senectutem nos
habebat humus.
Montanus- - Will the rascal make fun of me?
-
[Grabs him by the hair; they struggle; the clerk escapes, crying "Booby,
booby! " All go out except the bailiff. ]
## p. 7434 (#236) ###########################################
7434
LUDVIG HOLBERG
―
Jeronimus-Your servant, Mr. Bailiff.
came to see my future son-in-law, Rasmus Berg.
Jesper He will be here right away.
Pity you didn't come
half an hour sooner; you might have heard him argue with the
clerk.
―――
Jeronimus- How did it come out?
Jesper Per Degn, deuce take him, is slyer than I thought;
I see that he has forgotten neither his Latin nor his Hebrew.
Jeronimus- I can believe that, for he never knew much of
—
Enter Jeronimus
them.
Jesper - Don't say that, Monsieur Jeronimus. He has got a
deuce of a mouth on him. It is really a pleasure to hear the
man talk Latin.
-
Jeronimus-That is more than I supposed he could do. But
how does my son-in-law look?
So I find you here. I
Jesper He looks dreadfully learned; you would hardly know
him again. He has got another name, too.
Jeronimus Another name! What is his name now?
comes.
――――
-
Jesper ― He calls himself Montanus, which is the same as Ras-
mus in Latin.
Jeronimus-Oh fie! that is abominable. I have known many
who have thus changed their Christian names, and they never
did well in the world. I knew one a few years ago who was
christened Peer, and who when he amounted to something sought
to change his stamp, and had himself called Peiter. But his
Peiter cost him dear, for he broke his leg and died in great
wretchedness. Our Lord does not like such doings, Mr. Bailiff.
___
Jesper - I don't care what sort of a name he takes, but I
don't like to have him believe in such strange opinions.
Jeronimus- What opinions has he got?
Jesper - They are frightful. The hair stands up on my head
when I think of them. I don't remember all that I heard, but I
know that he said for one thing that the earth was round. What
do you think of that, Monsieur Jeronimus? It is nothing less
than upsetting all religion and leading people away from their
faith. A heathen cannot be worse.
Jeronimus- He must have said it in jest.
Jesper It is dreadful to make such jests.
See, there he
## p. 7435 (#237) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7435
Enter Montanus
Montanus-Welcome, dear father-in-law. I am glad to see
you in good health.
Jeronimus-People of my age cannot expect to have remark-
able health.
Montanus-You look thoroughly well.
Jeronimus- Do you think so?
Montanus- How is Mademoiselle Lisbed?
but
a pancake.
Jeronimus-Well enough.
Montanus-Why, what is the matter, that you greet me so
coldly, dear father-in-law?
Jeronimus- I have good cause to.
Montanus - What wrong have I done?
Jeronimus- I have been told that you have peculiar opinions:
people must think you are crazy or Catholic in your head, for
how can a reasonable man hav the rashness to say that the
earth is round?
Montanus-Of course it is round; I must say what is true.
Jeronimus - It is the Devil's own truth; such notions must
come from the father of lies. I am sure there is not one man
in this town who would not condemn such an opinion: ask the
bailiff, who is a reasonable man, if he doesn't agree with me.
Jesper - It is all the same to me whether it is round or long;
must believe my eyes, and they tell me the earth is flat as
Montanus- It is all the same to me what the bailiff or any-
body else in this town thinks about it, for I know the earth is
round.
――
Jeronimus- It isn't round. I believe you are crazy. You have
eyes in your head like other men.
Montanus- It is well known, my dear father-in-law, that there
are people right under us, with feet pointed toward ours.
Jesper Ha, ha, ha, hi, hi, hi, ha, ha, ha!
Jeronimus- You may well laugh, for he has a screw loose in
his head. Just try once to get up under the ceiling, and turn
your head down, and then see what will come of it.
Montanus-That is quite another matter, father-in-law.
Jeronimus-I won't be your father-in-law any more. I think
more of my daughter than to throw her away on you.
## p. 7436 (#238) ###########################################
7436
LUDVIG HOLBERG
Montanus-Your daughter is as dear to me as my own soul,
in truth; but you cannot expect me for her sake to renounce
philosophy and send my intelligence into exile.
—
Jeronimus - Yes, yes, I hear you have got some other woman
in your head. You may keep your Lucy or Sophy: I shall not
force my daughter upon you.
Montanus You misunderstand me. Philosophy is only a
branch of science, and it has opened my eyes in this matter as
in others.
――――
Jeronimus-It has rather blinded both eyes and understand-
ing. How can you show such a thing as that?
Montanus-It is not necessary to prove it. Educated persons
no longer doubt it.
Jesper - Per Degn would never admit that.
Montanus-Per Degn! He is a nice fellow! I am foolish
to stand here and talk philosophy with you; but to please Mon-
sieur Jeronimus, I will give you two proofs. First, that we get
from travelers; who, when they get several thousand miles away
from us, have daylight when we have night, see other stars and
another sky.
Jeronimus - Are you crazy, that you say there is more than
one heaven and earth?
Jesper - Yes, Monsieur Jeronimus. There are twelve heavens,
one above the other, until you come to the crystal heaven. He
is right as to that.
Montanus-0
O quantæ tenebræ!
Jeronimus -I went to Kiel sixteen times when I was young,
but as true as I am an honest man, I never saw any other sky
than the one we have here.
moon.
-
Montanus-You would have to travel sixteen times as far,
Domine Jeronime, before you could see it, because
Jeronimus-Stop talking such nonsense; it doesn't lead to
anything. Let us hear the other proof.
Montanus-The other proof is from eclipses of the sun and
―――
Jesper - Just listen to that; now he is really crazy.
Montanus-What do you suppose an eclipse is?
Jesper - Eclipses are signs set upon the sun and moon to
show when some misfortune is to happen on earth.
I can prove
that by my own experience: when my wife was sick three years
## p. 7437 (#239) ###########################################
LUDVIG HOLBERG
7437
ago, and when my daughter Gertrude died, both times there were
eclipses before.
Montanus-Such nonsense will drive me crazy.
Jeronimus-The bailiff is right; for there is never an eclipse
that does not mean something. When the last one occurred,
everything seemed to be going well, but not for long: only two
weeks afterwards we got news from Copenhagen that six stu-
dents had failed at once, and two of them were deans' sons. If
you don't hear of something bad in one place after such an
eclipse, you are sure to in another.
Montanus-That is certain enough; for no day passes with-
out bringing misfortune in some part of the world. As for the
people you speak about, they should not put it off on the eclipse,
for if they had studied harder they would have got through.
Jeronimus-What is an eclipse of the moon, then?
Montanus-It is nothing but the earth's shadow, which de-
prives the moon of sunlight; and since the shadow is round, we
can see that the earth likewise is round. It is all perfectly nat-
ural; for we can calculate eclipses, and therefore it is foolishness
to say that they are signs of coming misfortune.
Jeronimus- Ah, Mr. Bailiff, I feel sick. It was an unhappy
hour when your parents let you study.
I
Jesper - Yes, he is pretty near to becoming an atheist.
must set Per Degn at him again. There is a man who can talk
to some purpose. He shall prove to you, either in Latin or
Greek as you like, that the earth, thank God, is as flat as my
hand. But there comes Madame Jeronimus with her daughter.
Enter Magdelone and Lisbed
Magdelone - O my dear son-in-law, it is a joy to see you back
again in good health.
Lisbed-O my love, let me embrace you!
Jeronimus-Softly, softly, my child, not so fast.
Lisbed - May I not embrace my betrothed, whom I have not
seen for years?
Jeronimus- Keep away from him, I tell you, or you will get
beaten.
Lisbed [weeping]-I know that we were publicly betrothed.
Jeronimus-That is true enough; but a difficulty has since.
[Lisbed weeps. ]
arisen.
## p. 7438 (#240) ###########################################
7438
LUDVIG HOLBERG
Jeronimus-You shall know, my child, that when he became
engaged to you he was a well-behaved man and a good Christ-
ian; but now he is a heretic and a fanatic, who deserves to be
put into the Litany rather than into relationship with us.
Lisbed-Is that all, father? We can settle that easily enough.
Jeronimus-Keep away from him, I say!
Magdelone-What does this mean, Mr. Bailiff ?
Jesper It is bad enough, madame! He brings false learning
into the town, says that the earth is round, and things of that
sort that I blush to mention.
Jeronimus- Don't you pity the good old parents who have
spent so much money on him?
Magdelone-Ei, is that all? If he loves our daughter he
will give up his notion, and say that the earth is flat, for her
sake.
Lisbed-Ah, my love, say for my sake that it is flat.
Montanus-I cannot oblige you, so long as my reason is left
me. I cannot give the earth any other shape than it has by
nature. I will say and do all that is possible for your sake, but
I cannot oblige you in this. For should my fellow students come
to know that I had made such a statement, I should be scorned
and held for a fool; besides, we learned men never take back
what we have said, but defend it to the last drop of our ink-
bottle.
Magdelone-Listen, husband: this does not seem to me im-
portant enough to make us break off the match.
Jeronimus- And I say that if they were already married, I
Iwould have them divorced on account of it.
Magdelone-I think I've got something to say about it; for if
she is your daughter she is mine too.
