A
Bohemian
nov-
elist and poet; born at Patek, May 1, 1831 ;
died at Prague (?
elist and poet; born at Patek, May 1, 1831 ;
died at Prague (?
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
Few losses to
literature are so serious as the destruction of
his works, fragments only of which have de-
scended to us. Richly endowed, intellectually
and physically, and accomplished even for the
age of Pericles, he established himself in the
intimacy of Æschylus, Sophocles, and the other
men who ornament that unexampled era. He
distinguished himself by his versatility: trage-
dies, hymns, elegies, epigrams, and essays issued
in a splendid if not very deep stream from the
perennial springs of his fancy. Brilliant pass-
ages in his memoirs, saved to us by a happy
accident, tell of the banquet he gave to Sopho-
cles and the things said and done on that typ-
ically Hellenic occasion.
Iron, Ralph. See Schreiner, olive.
Irving, John Treat, Jr. An American writer;
born 1812; a nephew of Washington Irving, and
a lawyer of New York city. He has written:
(Indian Sketches); 'Hawk Chief); 'The Attor-
ney); Henry Harson); and (The Van Gelder
Papers.
Irving, Pierre Munroe. An American writer,
nephew of Washington Irving; born 1803; died
in 1876. He was the author of a "Life of
Washington Irving. He also edited various
compilations and acted as his uncle's literary
assistant.
Irving, Washington. An American histo-
rian, biographer, and man of letters; born in
New York, April 3, 1783 ; died at “Sunnyside,
near Tarrytown, N. Y. , Nov. 28, 1859. His works
include: A Voyage to the Eastern Part of
Terra Firma) (1806), a translation; Saima-
gundi (1807-8), with J. K. Paulding and Will.
iam Irving ; (History of New York by Diedrich
Knickerbocker) (1809); (The Sketch Book)
(1819-20); (Bracebridge Hall (1822); "Let-
ters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent. (1824); "Life
and Times of Christopher Columbus) (1828);
:
:
## p. 285 (#301) ############################################
IRVING - JACOBI
285
"Conquest of Granada) (1829); (Companions of
Columbus (1831); (The Alhambra) (1832);
(Crayon Miscellany) (1835); Astoria) (1836);
« The Rocky Mountains : Journal of Captain
B. L. E. Bonneville) (1837); Life of Oliver
Goldsmith) (1840); (Mahomet and his Suc-
cessors) (1849-50); (Wolfert's Roost! (1855);
"Life of Washington (1855-59). Among his
literary labors he made an edition of The
Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell (1810),
and Miscellaneous Works of Oliver Gold-
smith. *
Irving, William. An American prose-writer,
and brother of Washington Irving ; born in
New York city, 1766; died there, 1821. He con-
tributed largely in the production of Salma-
gundi; the political pieces were mostly his,
as also were the letters of Mustapha in Nos. 5
want. He is without a rival among his coun-
trymen, Cervantes always excepted, as a wit
and satirist; the prodigious popularity of his
(Life and Adventures of Friar Gerundio de
Campazas, upon its first appearance in 1758
(under the pseudonym of «F. Lobon de Sala-
zar)), being but a well-won tribute to its unhack-
neyed drolleries and epigrammatic style. As a
portrait of Spanish life in the eighteenth cen-
tury it must ever remain a standard work. He
made an infelicitous translation of (Gil Blas)
from the French that led to a still more in-
felicitous controversy over the authorship of
that lengthy masterpiece. His other works are
without importance.
Isocrates (i-sok'ra-tēs). A Greek orator and
rhetorician; born in Athens in 436 B. C. ; died
at Athens (? ) 338 B. C. He was apparently
carefully educated, Socrates having been of
the number of his preceptors; and at an early
age he was celebrated for the facility with
which he used his native tongue, although the
weakness of his voice precluded any hope he
may once have entertained of distinction in
public life. He therefore opened a school of
oratory, the fame of which soon filled all Greece,
in consequence of the exceptional attainments of
its graduates. The ages have spared to us
twenty-one of his compositions, rhetorical and
epistolary. He is best represented by the dis-
courses known as the (Areopagiticus) and the
(Panegyricus.
and 14.
ous verse.
Isaaks, Jorge (ē'säks or i'zaks). A South
American novelist and poet; born in Cali,
Colombia. His extraction is partly English-
Jewish and partly Spanish. María,' a novel,
is his masterpiece, but he has written meritori-
*
Isla, José Francisco de (ēs'lä). A Spanish
satirist; born in Vidane, March 24, 1703; died
at Bologna, Nov. 2, 1781. H was a Jesuit and
taught successfully in the Jesuit seminaries for
years, but the expulsion of his order from Spain
reduced him to destitution, and he died in
J
:
Jablonsky, Boleslav (yab-lon'skē). (“Karl
Eugen Tupy. ”] A leading Czech poet; born
Jan. 14, 1813; died in Cracow, March 1881.
His love lyric Písne) and his didactic (The
Father's Wisdom) are universally popular.
Jackson, Edward Payson. An American
prose-writer; born in Erzeroum, Turkey, March
15, 1840. He graduated at Amherst in 1870.
He published : Mathematic Geography) (1873);
(A Demi-God (1886); and (The Earth in
Space) (1887).
Jackson, Helen Fiske. (“H. H. ] An
American poet and miscellaneous writer; born
1831; died 1885. She published: Poems';
Bits of Talk); Hetty's Strange History);
(Ramona'; (A Century of Dishonor); etc. *
Jackson, Henry. An English novelist; born
in Boston, Lincolnshire, April 15, 1831 ; died at
Hampstead, May 24, 1879. His novels : A Dead
Man's Revenge); (Gilbert Rugge) (1866); and
"Argus Fairburn (1874), had much vogue.
Jackson, Sheldon. An American missionary ;
born at Minaville, N. Y. , May 18, 1834. He was
superintendent of missions for the Rocky Mount-
ain region from 1870 to 1872. In 1885 he was
appointed general agent of education in Alaska.
Among his works are : (Alaska and Missions
on the North Pacific Coast) (1880); \Education
in Alaska' (1881).
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (yä-kõ'be). A
German philosopher and metaphysician; born
in Düsseldorf, Jan. 25, 1743; died at Munich,
March 10, 1819. He obtained recognition from
Wieland, Goethe, and other accomplished Ger-
mans as one of the most original thinkers of
their common country. Letters on Spinoza's
Philosophy); (Things Divine); Letter to
Fichte); (An Enterprise in Criticism to Render
Reason Reasonable); and (Woldemar, a phil.
osophical fiction, are among his most important
additions to literature.
Jacobi, Johann Georg.
A German poet,
brother of Friedrich ; born in Düsseldorf, Sept.
2, 1740; died at Freiburg, Jan. 4, 1814. His asso-
ciation with Wieland, Klopstock, Goethe, Her-
der, and “Father) Gleim, the poet and patron
of poets, quickened his talent, and the verse
that gives him such eminence among his coun-
try's minor bards was the result. (The Summer
Journey) and (The Winter Journey' are among
the prettiest of this poet's pieces.
Jacobi, ary Putnam. An American hy-
sician; born in London, England, Aug. 31, 1842
1
## p. 286 (#302) ############################################
286
JACOBSEN - JAMES
She graduated from the Woman's Medical Col-
lege, Philadelphia; College of Pharmacy, New
York; and the School of Medicine, Paris. Since
1871 she has practiced in New York city. Among
her works are: (The Value of Life) (1879);
(Hysteria, and Other Essays) (1888).
Jacobsen, Jens Peter (yä'kub-sen). A Dan-
ish novelist; born at Thisted, Jutland, April 7,
1847; died at Copenhagen, April 30, 1885. He
was a botanist and Darwinian who turned to
story-writing and became eminent as a realistic
novelist. Mogens,' (Niels Lyhne,' and Marie
Grubbe) are tales of great merit in plot, con-
struction, and style.
Jacobson, Eduard (yä'kub-son). A German
comic poet; born at Great Strelitz, Upper
Silesia, Nov. 10, 1833. He studied medicine,
but wrote (Faust and Gretchen) in his college
days, and thus learned what he was fitted for.
A host of laughable nothings have followed it.
Among his best works ( 500,000 Devils) and
( The Man in the Moon) may be cited.
Jacopone da Todi (yä'ko-põ'ne dä to'dē).
An Italian Pietist poet and satirist; born at
Todi about 1230; died at Collazzone, Dec. 25,
1306. He was a prominent lawyer, who lost
his wife, became a monk, and got involved in
politics. He wrote dialect poems in support
of his party; the stinging sarcasm of his rhymes
aimed against Pope Boniface VIII. causing
them to be particularly remembered. The
hymn (Stabat Mater) is attributed to him, al-
though the authorship has been disputed.
Jacotot, Jean Joseph (zhä-kō-to). A French
authority on education ; born in Dijon, March
4, 1770; died at Paris, July 31, 1840. He founded
a system of pedagogics that still bears his
name, and is based apparently upon the iter,
iterumque of Virgil,- constant repetition, and
learning by heart,- together with a harmony of
studies. His system is set forth in the (Uni-
versal Instruction,' an elaborate manual in
(mother tongue, and in Music, Design, and
Painting,' works of great vogue at one time,
and still widely accepted.
Jäger, Oskar (vā'ger). A German historian
and pedagogue; born at Stuttgart, Oct. 26,
1830. As an educator he has attained prestige
and official position; while his History of
Recent Times, from the Congress of Vienna
to our Own Day) (1874-75) is an acknowl.
edged masterpiece. (The Humanist Gymna-
sium) (1889) is an example of his achievements
in pedagogics; and he has written «The Punic
Wars) (1869–70) and John Wycliffe and his
Significance for the Reformation (1854), both
profound studies.
Jago, Richard. An English poet; born in
Beaudesert, Warwickshire, Oct. I, 1715; died at
Snitterfield, May 8, 1781. He was a clergyman
poetically endowed, whose elegy (The Black-
birds) (1753) pleases, and whose other works
are tasteful.
Jagodynski, Stanislas (ya-go-din'skē). A
Polish poet and prose-writer, who flourished in
the sixteenth century, and was, it would seem,
a laureate and epigrammatist at court, distin-
guishing himself by his wit and eloquence.
(Presents for Saxon Ladies,' a biting and
dainty satire, directed against the corruption
of the times; (The Courtesans, a volume of
epigrams; and (The Escape of Rugiera, a
drama, show him at his best.
Jalal-ud-din Rumi. See Rumi.
James I. , King of Scotland. Born at Dun-
fermline, Aug. 1 (? ), 1394; assassinated near
Perth, Feb. 20, 1437. His Kingis Quair' (King's
Booklet : 1404? ) is a poem of spirit; and in
(The Ballade of Guid Counsale, almost cer-
tainly his, are many fine passages.
James I. , King of England. Born in Edin-
burgh Castle, June 19, 1566; died at the palace
of Theobalds, March 27, 1625. His literary
gifts are revealed in Essays of a Prentice in
the Divine Art of Poetry) (1584); Poetical
Exercises) (1591); and “The True Law of Free
Monarchies’ (1603).
James, George Payne Rainsford. An Eng-
lish novelist; born in London, Aug. 9, 1801;
died in Venice, May 9, 1860. His historical
novel (Richelieu) (1829) won encomiums from
Scott. Next came (Darnley) (1830); (Delorme)
(1831); (Attila) (1837); and many stirring and
readable novels. He attempted the historian's
rôle, without encouraging results, in Dark
Scenes of History) (1849), and other books.
He wrote as many as seventy historical novels.
James, Henry. An American scholar; born
at Albany, N. Y. , June 3, 1811; died at Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 18, 1882. He resided at
Cambridge. Among the most noted of his
works on morals and religion are: What Is
the State ? ) (1845); Moralism and Christian-
ity) (1852); "Lectures and Miscellanies) (1852);
(The Nature of Evil (1855); (Christianity the
Logic of Creation? (1857); (Substance and
Shadow) (1863); (The Secret of Swedenborg
(1869).
James, Henry. An American novelist and
miscellaneous prose-writer, son of Henry (ist);
born in New York, April 15, 1843. His works
include: (Transatlantic Sketches) (1875); A
Passionate Pilgrim and Other Tales) (1875);
(Roderick Hudson (1876); (The American"
(1877); (Watch and Ward) (1878); French
Poets and Novelists) (1878); Daisy Miller:
a Study) (1878); (The Europeans: a Sketch)
( 1878 ); (An International Episode) (1879);
( The Madonna of the Future and Other
Tales) (1879); (Hawthorne) (1879); A Bun-
dle of Letters) (1880); <Confidence) (1880);
(The Diary of a Man of Fiſty) (1880); (Wash-
ington Square) (1880); (The Portrait of a
Lady' (1882); (Daisy Miller: a Comedy)
(1883); (The Siege of London; The Pension
Beaurepas; and The Point of View) (1883);
(Portraits of Places) (1883); (Tales of Three
Cities) (1884); (A Little Tour in France)
(1885); (The Art of Fiction (1885), with
Walter Besant; Stories Revived' (2 vols. ,.
>
>
## p. 287 (#303) ############################################
JAMES – JANVIER
287
>
1885); “The Author of Beltraffio) (1885); “The
Bostonians) (1886); (The Princess Casamas-
sima) (1886); (Partial Portraits) (1888); (The
Aspern Papers and Other Stories) (1888); (The
Reverberator) (1888); (A London Life) (1889);
(The Tragic Muse) (1890); (Port Tarascon)
(1891), a translation ; (The Lesson of the Mas-
ter) (1892), a volume of stories; (The Real
Thing and Other Tales) (1893); Picture and
Text' (1893); (The Private Life) (1893), a
volume of stories; (Essays in London and
Elsewhere) (1893); (The Wheel of Time)
(1894); (Theatricals) (1894); (Terminations)
(1895); (What Maisie Knew) (1897); etc. His
pen has been busy in brilliant and important
contributions to the periodical press during his
whole career. *
James, William. An American scholar and
psychologist, son of Henry (1st); born Jan. 11,
1842. Graduated at Harvard University, and
has been a professor since 1872 of anatomy,
physiology, and psychology. His published
works are : (Principles of Psychology (1890);
(Psychology, Briefer Course) (1892).
Jameson, Anna Brownell. An Irish mis-
cellaneous writer; born (Murphy) in Dublin,
May 17, 1794; died in London, March 17, 1860.
She was the daughter of a noted artist, and
began her literary work with (The Diary of
an Ennuyée) (1826). Then followed (Loves
of the Poets) (1829); "Celebrated Female Sov-
ereigns) (1831 ); Characteristics of Women);
"Companion to the Public Picture Galleries of
London (1842); (Memoirs of the Early Italian
Painters) (1845), edited ; (Sacred and Legend-
ary Art' (1848-52), not quite complete; etc.
Jameson, Robert William. A British jour-
nalist, novelist, poet, and miscellaneous writer;
born in Leith, 1805; died in London, Dec. 10,
1868. Radical in his politics, he wrote brill-
iantly during the Anti-Corn-Law agitation;
evolving between times, Nimrod (1848), a
poem in blank verse ; ( The Curse of Gold)
(1854), a novel; and a tragedy, (Timoleon,
which reached a second edition in 1852.
Jami, 'Abd-urrahman (jâ - mē', abd'ör-oi-
man). The last of Persia's classic poets; born
in Jam, Khorasan, August (? ) 1414; died at
Herat (? ), in May (? ) 1492 or 1493. His best-
known poetical works are: (The Abode of
Spring) (Behâristán); (The Chain of Gold);
and 'The Loves of Joseph and Zuleika and of
Mejnun and Leila. He is known in Europe
as the Persian Petrarch, while his countrymen
call him the fiery star to which the gold stars
bend," a metaphor illustrative of the glories
with which he invested the passion of love.
Jamison, Mrs. Celia V. (Hamilton). An
American writer of juvenile literature; born in
Louisiana, 18–. Among her best-known works
are : (Toinette's Philip'; 'Lady Jane';'Seraph. '
Jamyn, Amadis (jä-man'). A French poet ;
born in Chaource, Champagne, about 1538;
died there about 1585. He wrote in imitation
of Ronsard, producing neat and dainty but
rather insipid sonnets, in which we are assured
that love, while a grand thing, has yet its in-
conveniences. (The Hunt) and Liberality
are among his pieces.
Janda, Bohumil (yän'dä).
A Bohemian nov-
elist and poet; born at Patek, May 1, 1831 ;
died at Prague (? ), Sept. 29, 1875. His poetry
and prose deal mostly with historical themes
afforded by the annals of his native land. Jan
Talafus z Ostrova' is his masterpiece in metre,
being an epic of a fifteenth-century knight. His
novel (Anna Městecká Bocek) is based upon
somewhat similar material.
Jan de Rijmer (yän dė rēmer). See Goever-
neur.
Janet, Paul (zhän-ā'). A French philosopher
and essayist; born in Paris, April 30, 1823. He
has received important professorships in ac-
knowledgment of the services conferred upon
education by "The Family) (1855), “Studies of
Dialectic in Plato and in Hegel' (1860), “Mas-
ters of Modern Thought) (1883), and others which
show the influence of Cousin.
Janin, Jules (zhä-nan). . A Frenchcritic,
journalist, and novelist; born in St. Étienne,
Feb. 16, 1804; died at Paris, June 19, 1874. He
caught the fancy of the Parisians with his lit.
erary and theatrical criticisms, displaying an
incredible aptitude for detecting the public taste,
and guiding himself wholly by it. In 1870 he
was elected to the French Academy. Among
his stories and novels, « The Dead Donkey and
the Guillotined Woman, (Confession, and (A
Heart for Two Loves, are conspicuous. His
permanent work is probably the collection of
papers called (History of Dramatic Literature.
Janson, Kristofer Nagel (yän’son). A Nor-
wegian poet; born in Bergen, May 5, 1841.
He is a clergyman and educator, and settled
in this country in 1881. Norse Poems, a col-
lection of lyrics, and Praerien's Saga,' are his
most popular works, but he has produced many
stories of merit. He writes in both Norse and
English.
Janssen, Johannes (yän'sen). A German
historian; born in Xanten, Düsseldorf, April
10, 1829; died in Frankfort-on-the-Main, Dec.
24, 1891. Distinguished for the zeal and learn-
ing with which he contends for the Catholic
point of view in various valuable historical
studies, he has produced in (The History of
the German People since the Close of the Mid-
dle Ages) (1877-94), a masterpiece of energetic
controversialism softened by a happy style.
Janvier, Francis de Haes. An American
poet, kinsman of Thomas A. ; born in Penn-
sylvania in 1817; died in 1885. He published:
(The Skeleton Monk, and Other Poems) (1860);
(The Sleeping Sentinel? (1863); Patriotic
Poems) (1866).
Janvier, Margaret Thomson. [Margaret
Vandegrift. ”] An American writer of juvenile
literature, sister of Thomas A. ; born in New
Orleans, La. , 1845. She is a resident of Phil-
adelphia. Among her best-known works are :
## p. 288 (#304) ############################################
288
-
JANVIER - JEFFERSON
(Clover Beach) (1880); Under the Dog Star)
(1881); (The Dead Doll, and Other Verses)
(1888); "Little Helpers) (1888).
Janvier, Thomas Allibone. An American
novelist and miscellaneous writer; born in Phil.
adelphia, 1849. He has published : An Em-
bassy to Provence, a volume of travel; (Color
Studies); (Four Stories ); «The Mexican
Guide); (Stories of Old New Spain); (The
Aztec Treasure House,' a romance; (The Un-
cle of an Angel, and Other Stories); (In Old
New York'; etc. *
Jarves, James Jackson. An American prose-
writer; born in Boston, Aug. 20, 1820; died
in Terasp, Switzerland, June 28, 1888. He pub-
lished: (History of the Hawaiian or Sandwich
Islands) (1843); (Art Hints: Architecture,
Sculpture, and Painting) (1855); (Art Studies :
The Old Masters of Italy) (1861); (Glimpses
at the Art of Japan) (1876); and “Italian Ram-
bles) (1884).
Jasmin, Jacques (zhäs-man). A Provençal
poet; born in Agen, Lot-et-Garonne, March 6,
1798; died there, Oct. 4, 1864. His origin was
of the humblest, and he earned his livelihood
as a barber. He wrote: 'Curl Papers,' a string
of quaint verses; (Souvenirs,' a series of stan-
zas, the nature of which is sufficiently indicated
by the title they bear; and the narrative poem
(Françonette. He developed the possibili-
ties of the language of Provence as a medium
of modern literary expression. *
Jasykov, Nicolai Mikhailovich (yäs-ē’kov).
A Russian poet; born in Simbirsk, March 16,
1803; died at Moscow, Jan. 7, 1847. His earliest
verse was in a light and amatory vein (hence
his sobriquet (The Russian Anacreon'), but ill
health changed the current of his thoughts.
His first book is a collection of amorous lyrics,
and his last a compilation of religious poetry.
The good taste with which he uses the Rus-
sian language makes his verse notable.
Jauregui y Aguilar, Juan de (hou'rā-gē ē
ä'ge-lär). A Spanish poet; born in Seville,
about 1570; died at Madrid, Jan. 10 (? ), 1649.
His name became universally known in Spain
upon the appearance of his charming transla-
tion of Tasso's (Aminta. He wrote (Orpheus,
a long mediocre poem, and a Poetic Discourse)
against the poet Gongora, besides rendering
Lucan's Pharsalia) into Spanish with respect-
able fidelity to the original, but without its
power.
Jay, Antoine (zhā). A French critic, essay-
ist, and biographer; born in Guîtres, Gironde,
Oct. 20, 1770; died at Lagorce, April 9, 1855.
His early essays on literature won prizes from
the French Academy, the reputation thus ob-
tained being fully borne out by his work as an
editor on the Journal de Paris; by the History
of Cardinal Richelieu's Ministry); and the
( Biographies of Contemporaries,' to which he
contributed numerous articles. His Eulogy of
Corneille) and Hermits in Prison) are much
quoted.
Jay, John. An American lawyer ; born in
New York city, 1817; died there, 1894. He
graduated from Columbia College in 1836, and
was admitted to the bar in 1839.
He was an
active opponent of slavery, and counsel for
many fugitive slaves. From 1869 to 1875 he was
minister to Austria, and in 1883 became a
member of the New York Civil Service Com-
mission. Among his works are: (Caste and
Slavery in the American Church) (1843);
(America Free, or America Slave) (1856).
Jayadeva (ji-ä-dā'vä).
A Sanskrit poet;
born in Kenduli (? ), about 1150 (? ). He is
known only as the author of the 'Gita-Govinda'
or (Song of the Cowherd,' an expressively pas.
sionate and realistic outburst of the amorous
Muse. *
Jeaffreson, John Cordy (jef'ėr-son). An
English essayist, biographer, and critic; born
in Framlingham, Suffolk, Jan. 14, 1831. He
was bred to the bar, but became a novelist,
changing his mind when his fiction failed and
his Novels and Novelists from Elizabeth to
Victoria' (1858) succeeded ; since which time,
(A Book about Doctors) (1860), 'A Book about
Lawyers) (1866), and (A Book about the
Clergy) (1870) have spread his fame. In bi-
ography (The Real Lord Byron' (1883) and
(The Real Shelley) 35) are studies in which
the critic and the essayist show knowledge and
skill.
Jean Paul. See Richter.
Jefferies, Richard. An English essayist and
novelist ; born in Swindon, Wiltshire, Nov. 6,
1848; died at Goring, Sussex (? ), Aug. 14, 1887.
His published works include: (The Goddards
of North Wilts) (1873), a local family history;
( The Scarlet Shawl) (1874), a novel; Rest-
less Human Hearts) (1875), a novel ; (The
World's End' (1877), a novel; (The Dewy
Morn, a novel; (Wild Life in a Southern
County) (1879), a volume of descriptive
sketches : this was followed by similar books,
notably, "Round about a Great Estate); (The
Life of the Fieids); (The Open Air); (The
Amateur Poacher) (1879); Hodge and his
Masters) ; (The Game Keeper at Home); etc.
His later works were the novel (Green Ferne
Farm) (1880); Wood Magic) (1881), a fanci-
ful animal story ; Bevis) (1882), a tale of child-
hood; (The Story of My Heart) (1883), by
many pronounced his masterpiece; (Red Deer'
(1884), a description of Exmoor; (After Lon-
don) (1885), an imaginative tale; (Amaryllis
at the Fair) (1887), a novel of country life;
and some fugitive essays and sketches. Field
and Hedgerow) was published posthumously. *
Jefferson, Joseph. An American actor of
great repute and charm; born in Philadel-
phia, Feb. 20, 1829. He came of a long line of
dramatists, and has been associated with the
most famous actors of his time.
His play
(Rip Van Winkle) has delighted untold thou-
sands, and continues to do so. No American
actor occupies so warm a place in the Ameri-
can heart. His (Autobiography) was published
## p. 289 (#305) ############################################
JEFFERSON – JERVEY
289
in 1890, and he makes frequent lectures and
addresses on the art of the actor, which con-
tain his amusing and delightful recollections.
Jefferson, Thomas. A statesman of the first
rank and fame; born at Shadwell, Va. , April
2, 1743; died at Monticello, Va. , July 4, 1826.
The Declaration of Independence is the pro-
duction of his pen; and he was author of
(Notes on Virginia, Autobiography,' and (Cor-
respondence. (Complete Works, 10 vols. ,
1892. *
Jeffrey, Francis. A famous Scottish critic;
born at Edinburgh, Oct. 23, 1773; died there,
Jan. 26, 1850. He was educated for the law,
but chose letters, beginning his noted literary
career by co-operating in the founding of the
Edinburgh Review. He was one of the most
conspicuous figures of his day in criticism.
His multifarious writings are only partially rep-
resented in 'Contributions to the Edinburgh
Review) (1843), “Essay on Beauty,' and Nature
and Principles of Taste) (1879).
Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner Griffith. An Ameri-
can novelist and poet; born in Natchez, Miss. ,
1826; died 1894. She contributed to the Louis.
ville Journal under the name “Rosa” in 1850.
Her published works are in part: Poems, by
Rosa) (1857); (Woodburn,' a novel (1864);
Daisy Dare and Baby Power,' poems (1871);
(The Crimson Hand and Other Poems) (1881);
and (Marsh,' a novel (1884).
Jenkin, Henrietta Camilla. An English
novelist; born in Jamaica about 1807; died in
Edinburgh, Feb. 8, 1885. Well educated and
clever, she wrote fiction as a means of liveli-
hood. Her (Cousin Stella) (1859), a portrayal
of West-Indian life and manners, made a hit;
as did (Who Breaks, Pays) (1861), in which
the Airt is admirably pictured. Her other nov-
els are only mediocre.
Jenkins, Edward. An English political
pamphleteer; born in Bangalore, India, 1838,
and educated at McGill University, Canada,
and the University of Pennsylvania. A Mem-
ber of Parliament, he has written on social and
political questions in the satirical vein; his
(Ginx's Baby) (1870), Lord Bantam, Little
Hodge, and other efforts, have had great cur-
rency.
Jenkins, John Stilwell. An American prose-
writer; born in Albany, N. Y. , Feb. 15, 1818;
died in Weedsport, N. Y. , Sept. 20, 1852. He
was a lawyer by profession, but edited the Cay-
uga Times. Among his works are: (Generals
of the Last War with Great Britain) (1841);
an abridgment of Hammond's (Political His-
tory of New York) (1846); (Alice Howard)
(1846); Life of Silas Wright) (1847); “History
of the Mexican War) (1848); Heroines of
History' (1853); etc.
Jenneval (zhen-väl), pseudonym of Louis
Dechez. A French-Belgian patriotic song-
writer; born in Lyons, 1808; killed in the
campaign of Lierre, Oct. 19, 1830. His fame
rests upon that most renowned of Belgian patri.
otic songs, (Brabançonne, which won its way
rapidly to official recognition as the national
hymn; and his collected Poems give evidence
of a genuine inspiration.
Jennison, Lucy White. [“Owen Innsley. ”]
An American poet; born in Massachusetts in
1850. She has lived mainly in Europe. She
published Love Poems and Sonnets) (1881).
Jensen, Wilhelm (yen'sen). A prolific Ger-
man poet, novelist, and miscellaneous writer;
born in Heiligenhafen, Holstein, Feb. 15, 1837,
He is antithetic and realistic in method. Of
his poetry the (Songs from France) and (A
Dream in a Glade) must win a permanent
place. The tragedy Dido' is meritorious.
Of the novels, Eddystone, Under Warmer
Skies, Nameless,' and After Sunset,' have
achieved wide popularity. Impatience and
rapidity of production tend to mar his style.
Jerabek, Frantisek (yer'shä-bek). A Czech
poet of great eminence; born in Sabotka, Jan.
25, 1836; died at Prague, March 30 (? ), 1893.
(Hana' was his first dramatic effort; but (The
Way of Public Opinion) and (A Servant of
his Lord) are deemed the triumphs of his
genius. In the historic tragedies of (The Son
of Man) and (Závist) he obtains the most vivid
dramatic effects. Few play-writers of recent
times have equaled him in sensational climax
and in dignity of diction and movement.
Jerome, Jerome Klapka. An English hu-
morist and story-writer; born in Walsall, May
2, 1861. He wrote : "On the Stage - and Off'
(1885), largely autobiographical; 'Idle Thoughts
of an Idle Fellow); and a comedy, Barbara. '
(Three Men in a Boat) (1889) was the success
of its year; since which time his labors as
dramatist, journalist, and story-teller, have been
many.
Jerrold, Douglas William. An English hu-
morist; born in London, Jan. 3, 1803; died
there, June 8, 1857. His wit was caustic and
keen, and his long-continued contributions to
Punch are widely known. He wrote: (Mrs.
Caudle's Curtain Lectures); Story of a
Feather); (The Rent Day); (Time Works
Wonders); and (Retired from Business); all
jolly good things. *
Jerrold, William Blanchard. An English
journalist and topical writer, son of Douglas;
born in London, Dec. 23, 1826; died there
(Westminster), March 10, 1884. He edited
Lloyd's newspaper brilliantly, and became half
a Frenchman in residence, speech, and man-
ner, his best writings being contained in: Paris
for the English (3d ed. 1868); ( The Cockaynes
in Paris) (1871); and (The Best of all Good
Company) (1871), series of recollections of
Dickens, Bulwer, and others : but he wrote a
good comedy occasionally, and some readable
stories, and also a Life of Napoleon III.
(1875-77).
Jervey, Mrs. Caroline H. (“Gilman Glov-
er. ”] An American novelist; born in South
:
13
19
## p. 290 (#306) ############################################
290
JESSE - JOHNSON
April 4, 1835. The son of a peasant, and with-
out early advantages, he did not take to the
pen until mature life; but "Lonny, the Home-
less) (1889), «The Brothers! (1891), "Mother
Lenen's Revenge) (1892), and other tales of
village peasant life, have given him an enviable
renown.
Carolina in 1823; died in 1877. Her works in-
clude Vernon Grove) and (Helen Courtenay's
Promise.
Jesse, John Heneage. An English histori-
cal writer; born near London, 1815; died there,
July 7, 1874. His early verse, Mary Queen of
Scots) and (Tales of the Dead,' is of no mo-
ment. He is remembered for a series of com-
pilations of historical gossip, generally known
as Courts and Cabinets of the Stuarts, George
II.
literature are so serious as the destruction of
his works, fragments only of which have de-
scended to us. Richly endowed, intellectually
and physically, and accomplished even for the
age of Pericles, he established himself in the
intimacy of Æschylus, Sophocles, and the other
men who ornament that unexampled era. He
distinguished himself by his versatility: trage-
dies, hymns, elegies, epigrams, and essays issued
in a splendid if not very deep stream from the
perennial springs of his fancy. Brilliant pass-
ages in his memoirs, saved to us by a happy
accident, tell of the banquet he gave to Sopho-
cles and the things said and done on that typ-
ically Hellenic occasion.
Iron, Ralph. See Schreiner, olive.
Irving, John Treat, Jr. An American writer;
born 1812; a nephew of Washington Irving, and
a lawyer of New York city. He has written:
(Indian Sketches); 'Hawk Chief); 'The Attor-
ney); Henry Harson); and (The Van Gelder
Papers.
Irving, Pierre Munroe. An American writer,
nephew of Washington Irving; born 1803; died
in 1876. He was the author of a "Life of
Washington Irving. He also edited various
compilations and acted as his uncle's literary
assistant.
Irving, Washington. An American histo-
rian, biographer, and man of letters; born in
New York, April 3, 1783 ; died at “Sunnyside,
near Tarrytown, N. Y. , Nov. 28, 1859. His works
include: A Voyage to the Eastern Part of
Terra Firma) (1806), a translation; Saima-
gundi (1807-8), with J. K. Paulding and Will.
iam Irving ; (History of New York by Diedrich
Knickerbocker) (1809); (The Sketch Book)
(1819-20); (Bracebridge Hall (1822); "Let-
ters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent. (1824); "Life
and Times of Christopher Columbus) (1828);
:
:
## p. 285 (#301) ############################################
IRVING - JACOBI
285
"Conquest of Granada) (1829); (Companions of
Columbus (1831); (The Alhambra) (1832);
(Crayon Miscellany) (1835); Astoria) (1836);
« The Rocky Mountains : Journal of Captain
B. L. E. Bonneville) (1837); Life of Oliver
Goldsmith) (1840); (Mahomet and his Suc-
cessors) (1849-50); (Wolfert's Roost! (1855);
"Life of Washington (1855-59). Among his
literary labors he made an edition of The
Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell (1810),
and Miscellaneous Works of Oliver Gold-
smith. *
Irving, William. An American prose-writer,
and brother of Washington Irving ; born in
New York city, 1766; died there, 1821. He con-
tributed largely in the production of Salma-
gundi; the political pieces were mostly his,
as also were the letters of Mustapha in Nos. 5
want. He is without a rival among his coun-
trymen, Cervantes always excepted, as a wit
and satirist; the prodigious popularity of his
(Life and Adventures of Friar Gerundio de
Campazas, upon its first appearance in 1758
(under the pseudonym of «F. Lobon de Sala-
zar)), being but a well-won tribute to its unhack-
neyed drolleries and epigrammatic style. As a
portrait of Spanish life in the eighteenth cen-
tury it must ever remain a standard work. He
made an infelicitous translation of (Gil Blas)
from the French that led to a still more in-
felicitous controversy over the authorship of
that lengthy masterpiece. His other works are
without importance.
Isocrates (i-sok'ra-tēs). A Greek orator and
rhetorician; born in Athens in 436 B. C. ; died
at Athens (? ) 338 B. C. He was apparently
carefully educated, Socrates having been of
the number of his preceptors; and at an early
age he was celebrated for the facility with
which he used his native tongue, although the
weakness of his voice precluded any hope he
may once have entertained of distinction in
public life. He therefore opened a school of
oratory, the fame of which soon filled all Greece,
in consequence of the exceptional attainments of
its graduates. The ages have spared to us
twenty-one of his compositions, rhetorical and
epistolary. He is best represented by the dis-
courses known as the (Areopagiticus) and the
(Panegyricus.
and 14.
ous verse.
Isaaks, Jorge (ē'säks or i'zaks). A South
American novelist and poet; born in Cali,
Colombia. His extraction is partly English-
Jewish and partly Spanish. María,' a novel,
is his masterpiece, but he has written meritori-
*
Isla, José Francisco de (ēs'lä). A Spanish
satirist; born in Vidane, March 24, 1703; died
at Bologna, Nov. 2, 1781. H was a Jesuit and
taught successfully in the Jesuit seminaries for
years, but the expulsion of his order from Spain
reduced him to destitution, and he died in
J
:
Jablonsky, Boleslav (yab-lon'skē). (“Karl
Eugen Tupy. ”] A leading Czech poet; born
Jan. 14, 1813; died in Cracow, March 1881.
His love lyric Písne) and his didactic (The
Father's Wisdom) are universally popular.
Jackson, Edward Payson. An American
prose-writer; born in Erzeroum, Turkey, March
15, 1840. He graduated at Amherst in 1870.
He published : Mathematic Geography) (1873);
(A Demi-God (1886); and (The Earth in
Space) (1887).
Jackson, Helen Fiske. (“H. H. ] An
American poet and miscellaneous writer; born
1831; died 1885. She published: Poems';
Bits of Talk); Hetty's Strange History);
(Ramona'; (A Century of Dishonor); etc. *
Jackson, Henry. An English novelist; born
in Boston, Lincolnshire, April 15, 1831 ; died at
Hampstead, May 24, 1879. His novels : A Dead
Man's Revenge); (Gilbert Rugge) (1866); and
"Argus Fairburn (1874), had much vogue.
Jackson, Sheldon. An American missionary ;
born at Minaville, N. Y. , May 18, 1834. He was
superintendent of missions for the Rocky Mount-
ain region from 1870 to 1872. In 1885 he was
appointed general agent of education in Alaska.
Among his works are : (Alaska and Missions
on the North Pacific Coast) (1880); \Education
in Alaska' (1881).
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (yä-kõ'be). A
German philosopher and metaphysician; born
in Düsseldorf, Jan. 25, 1743; died at Munich,
March 10, 1819. He obtained recognition from
Wieland, Goethe, and other accomplished Ger-
mans as one of the most original thinkers of
their common country. Letters on Spinoza's
Philosophy); (Things Divine); Letter to
Fichte); (An Enterprise in Criticism to Render
Reason Reasonable); and (Woldemar, a phil.
osophical fiction, are among his most important
additions to literature.
Jacobi, Johann Georg.
A German poet,
brother of Friedrich ; born in Düsseldorf, Sept.
2, 1740; died at Freiburg, Jan. 4, 1814. His asso-
ciation with Wieland, Klopstock, Goethe, Her-
der, and “Father) Gleim, the poet and patron
of poets, quickened his talent, and the verse
that gives him such eminence among his coun-
try's minor bards was the result. (The Summer
Journey) and (The Winter Journey' are among
the prettiest of this poet's pieces.
Jacobi, ary Putnam. An American hy-
sician; born in London, England, Aug. 31, 1842
1
## p. 286 (#302) ############################################
286
JACOBSEN - JAMES
She graduated from the Woman's Medical Col-
lege, Philadelphia; College of Pharmacy, New
York; and the School of Medicine, Paris. Since
1871 she has practiced in New York city. Among
her works are: (The Value of Life) (1879);
(Hysteria, and Other Essays) (1888).
Jacobsen, Jens Peter (yä'kub-sen). A Dan-
ish novelist; born at Thisted, Jutland, April 7,
1847; died at Copenhagen, April 30, 1885. He
was a botanist and Darwinian who turned to
story-writing and became eminent as a realistic
novelist. Mogens,' (Niels Lyhne,' and Marie
Grubbe) are tales of great merit in plot, con-
struction, and style.
Jacobson, Eduard (yä'kub-son). A German
comic poet; born at Great Strelitz, Upper
Silesia, Nov. 10, 1833. He studied medicine,
but wrote (Faust and Gretchen) in his college
days, and thus learned what he was fitted for.
A host of laughable nothings have followed it.
Among his best works ( 500,000 Devils) and
( The Man in the Moon) may be cited.
Jacopone da Todi (yä'ko-põ'ne dä to'dē).
An Italian Pietist poet and satirist; born at
Todi about 1230; died at Collazzone, Dec. 25,
1306. He was a prominent lawyer, who lost
his wife, became a monk, and got involved in
politics. He wrote dialect poems in support
of his party; the stinging sarcasm of his rhymes
aimed against Pope Boniface VIII. causing
them to be particularly remembered. The
hymn (Stabat Mater) is attributed to him, al-
though the authorship has been disputed.
Jacotot, Jean Joseph (zhä-kō-to). A French
authority on education ; born in Dijon, March
4, 1770; died at Paris, July 31, 1840. He founded
a system of pedagogics that still bears his
name, and is based apparently upon the iter,
iterumque of Virgil,- constant repetition, and
learning by heart,- together with a harmony of
studies. His system is set forth in the (Uni-
versal Instruction,' an elaborate manual in
(mother tongue, and in Music, Design, and
Painting,' works of great vogue at one time,
and still widely accepted.
Jäger, Oskar (vā'ger). A German historian
and pedagogue; born at Stuttgart, Oct. 26,
1830. As an educator he has attained prestige
and official position; while his History of
Recent Times, from the Congress of Vienna
to our Own Day) (1874-75) is an acknowl.
edged masterpiece. (The Humanist Gymna-
sium) (1889) is an example of his achievements
in pedagogics; and he has written «The Punic
Wars) (1869–70) and John Wycliffe and his
Significance for the Reformation (1854), both
profound studies.
Jago, Richard. An English poet; born in
Beaudesert, Warwickshire, Oct. I, 1715; died at
Snitterfield, May 8, 1781. He was a clergyman
poetically endowed, whose elegy (The Black-
birds) (1753) pleases, and whose other works
are tasteful.
Jagodynski, Stanislas (ya-go-din'skē). A
Polish poet and prose-writer, who flourished in
the sixteenth century, and was, it would seem,
a laureate and epigrammatist at court, distin-
guishing himself by his wit and eloquence.
(Presents for Saxon Ladies,' a biting and
dainty satire, directed against the corruption
of the times; (The Courtesans, a volume of
epigrams; and (The Escape of Rugiera, a
drama, show him at his best.
Jalal-ud-din Rumi. See Rumi.
James I. , King of Scotland. Born at Dun-
fermline, Aug. 1 (? ), 1394; assassinated near
Perth, Feb. 20, 1437. His Kingis Quair' (King's
Booklet : 1404? ) is a poem of spirit; and in
(The Ballade of Guid Counsale, almost cer-
tainly his, are many fine passages.
James I. , King of England. Born in Edin-
burgh Castle, June 19, 1566; died at the palace
of Theobalds, March 27, 1625. His literary
gifts are revealed in Essays of a Prentice in
the Divine Art of Poetry) (1584); Poetical
Exercises) (1591); and “The True Law of Free
Monarchies’ (1603).
James, George Payne Rainsford. An Eng-
lish novelist; born in London, Aug. 9, 1801;
died in Venice, May 9, 1860. His historical
novel (Richelieu) (1829) won encomiums from
Scott. Next came (Darnley) (1830); (Delorme)
(1831); (Attila) (1837); and many stirring and
readable novels. He attempted the historian's
rôle, without encouraging results, in Dark
Scenes of History) (1849), and other books.
He wrote as many as seventy historical novels.
James, Henry. An American scholar; born
at Albany, N. Y. , June 3, 1811; died at Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 18, 1882. He resided at
Cambridge. Among the most noted of his
works on morals and religion are: What Is
the State ? ) (1845); Moralism and Christian-
ity) (1852); "Lectures and Miscellanies) (1852);
(The Nature of Evil (1855); (Christianity the
Logic of Creation? (1857); (Substance and
Shadow) (1863); (The Secret of Swedenborg
(1869).
James, Henry. An American novelist and
miscellaneous prose-writer, son of Henry (ist);
born in New York, April 15, 1843. His works
include: (Transatlantic Sketches) (1875); A
Passionate Pilgrim and Other Tales) (1875);
(Roderick Hudson (1876); (The American"
(1877); (Watch and Ward) (1878); French
Poets and Novelists) (1878); Daisy Miller:
a Study) (1878); (The Europeans: a Sketch)
( 1878 ); (An International Episode) (1879);
( The Madonna of the Future and Other
Tales) (1879); (Hawthorne) (1879); A Bun-
dle of Letters) (1880); <Confidence) (1880);
(The Diary of a Man of Fiſty) (1880); (Wash-
ington Square) (1880); (The Portrait of a
Lady' (1882); (Daisy Miller: a Comedy)
(1883); (The Siege of London; The Pension
Beaurepas; and The Point of View) (1883);
(Portraits of Places) (1883); (Tales of Three
Cities) (1884); (A Little Tour in France)
(1885); (The Art of Fiction (1885), with
Walter Besant; Stories Revived' (2 vols. ,.
>
>
## p. 287 (#303) ############################################
JAMES – JANVIER
287
>
1885); “The Author of Beltraffio) (1885); “The
Bostonians) (1886); (The Princess Casamas-
sima) (1886); (Partial Portraits) (1888); (The
Aspern Papers and Other Stories) (1888); (The
Reverberator) (1888); (A London Life) (1889);
(The Tragic Muse) (1890); (Port Tarascon)
(1891), a translation ; (The Lesson of the Mas-
ter) (1892), a volume of stories; (The Real
Thing and Other Tales) (1893); Picture and
Text' (1893); (The Private Life) (1893), a
volume of stories; (Essays in London and
Elsewhere) (1893); (The Wheel of Time)
(1894); (Theatricals) (1894); (Terminations)
(1895); (What Maisie Knew) (1897); etc. His
pen has been busy in brilliant and important
contributions to the periodical press during his
whole career. *
James, William. An American scholar and
psychologist, son of Henry (1st); born Jan. 11,
1842. Graduated at Harvard University, and
has been a professor since 1872 of anatomy,
physiology, and psychology. His published
works are : (Principles of Psychology (1890);
(Psychology, Briefer Course) (1892).
Jameson, Anna Brownell. An Irish mis-
cellaneous writer; born (Murphy) in Dublin,
May 17, 1794; died in London, March 17, 1860.
She was the daughter of a noted artist, and
began her literary work with (The Diary of
an Ennuyée) (1826). Then followed (Loves
of the Poets) (1829); "Celebrated Female Sov-
ereigns) (1831 ); Characteristics of Women);
"Companion to the Public Picture Galleries of
London (1842); (Memoirs of the Early Italian
Painters) (1845), edited ; (Sacred and Legend-
ary Art' (1848-52), not quite complete; etc.
Jameson, Robert William. A British jour-
nalist, novelist, poet, and miscellaneous writer;
born in Leith, 1805; died in London, Dec. 10,
1868. Radical in his politics, he wrote brill-
iantly during the Anti-Corn-Law agitation;
evolving between times, Nimrod (1848), a
poem in blank verse ; ( The Curse of Gold)
(1854), a novel; and a tragedy, (Timoleon,
which reached a second edition in 1852.
Jami, 'Abd-urrahman (jâ - mē', abd'ör-oi-
man). The last of Persia's classic poets; born
in Jam, Khorasan, August (? ) 1414; died at
Herat (? ), in May (? ) 1492 or 1493. His best-
known poetical works are: (The Abode of
Spring) (Behâristán); (The Chain of Gold);
and 'The Loves of Joseph and Zuleika and of
Mejnun and Leila. He is known in Europe
as the Persian Petrarch, while his countrymen
call him the fiery star to which the gold stars
bend," a metaphor illustrative of the glories
with which he invested the passion of love.
Jamison, Mrs. Celia V. (Hamilton). An
American writer of juvenile literature; born in
Louisiana, 18–. Among her best-known works
are : (Toinette's Philip'; 'Lady Jane';'Seraph. '
Jamyn, Amadis (jä-man'). A French poet ;
born in Chaource, Champagne, about 1538;
died there about 1585. He wrote in imitation
of Ronsard, producing neat and dainty but
rather insipid sonnets, in which we are assured
that love, while a grand thing, has yet its in-
conveniences. (The Hunt) and Liberality
are among his pieces.
Janda, Bohumil (yän'dä).
A Bohemian nov-
elist and poet; born at Patek, May 1, 1831 ;
died at Prague (? ), Sept. 29, 1875. His poetry
and prose deal mostly with historical themes
afforded by the annals of his native land. Jan
Talafus z Ostrova' is his masterpiece in metre,
being an epic of a fifteenth-century knight. His
novel (Anna Městecká Bocek) is based upon
somewhat similar material.
Jan de Rijmer (yän dė rēmer). See Goever-
neur.
Janet, Paul (zhän-ā'). A French philosopher
and essayist; born in Paris, April 30, 1823. He
has received important professorships in ac-
knowledgment of the services conferred upon
education by "The Family) (1855), “Studies of
Dialectic in Plato and in Hegel' (1860), “Mas-
ters of Modern Thought) (1883), and others which
show the influence of Cousin.
Janin, Jules (zhä-nan). . A Frenchcritic,
journalist, and novelist; born in St. Étienne,
Feb. 16, 1804; died at Paris, June 19, 1874. He
caught the fancy of the Parisians with his lit.
erary and theatrical criticisms, displaying an
incredible aptitude for detecting the public taste,
and guiding himself wholly by it. In 1870 he
was elected to the French Academy. Among
his stories and novels, « The Dead Donkey and
the Guillotined Woman, (Confession, and (A
Heart for Two Loves, are conspicuous. His
permanent work is probably the collection of
papers called (History of Dramatic Literature.
Janson, Kristofer Nagel (yän’son). A Nor-
wegian poet; born in Bergen, May 5, 1841.
He is a clergyman and educator, and settled
in this country in 1881. Norse Poems, a col-
lection of lyrics, and Praerien's Saga,' are his
most popular works, but he has produced many
stories of merit. He writes in both Norse and
English.
Janssen, Johannes (yän'sen). A German
historian; born in Xanten, Düsseldorf, April
10, 1829; died in Frankfort-on-the-Main, Dec.
24, 1891. Distinguished for the zeal and learn-
ing with which he contends for the Catholic
point of view in various valuable historical
studies, he has produced in (The History of
the German People since the Close of the Mid-
dle Ages) (1877-94), a masterpiece of energetic
controversialism softened by a happy style.
Janvier, Francis de Haes. An American
poet, kinsman of Thomas A. ; born in Penn-
sylvania in 1817; died in 1885. He published:
(The Skeleton Monk, and Other Poems) (1860);
(The Sleeping Sentinel? (1863); Patriotic
Poems) (1866).
Janvier, Margaret Thomson. [Margaret
Vandegrift. ”] An American writer of juvenile
literature, sister of Thomas A. ; born in New
Orleans, La. , 1845. She is a resident of Phil-
adelphia. Among her best-known works are :
## p. 288 (#304) ############################################
288
-
JANVIER - JEFFERSON
(Clover Beach) (1880); Under the Dog Star)
(1881); (The Dead Doll, and Other Verses)
(1888); "Little Helpers) (1888).
Janvier, Thomas Allibone. An American
novelist and miscellaneous writer; born in Phil.
adelphia, 1849. He has published : An Em-
bassy to Provence, a volume of travel; (Color
Studies); (Four Stories ); «The Mexican
Guide); (Stories of Old New Spain); (The
Aztec Treasure House,' a romance; (The Un-
cle of an Angel, and Other Stories); (In Old
New York'; etc. *
Jarves, James Jackson. An American prose-
writer; born in Boston, Aug. 20, 1820; died
in Terasp, Switzerland, June 28, 1888. He pub-
lished: (History of the Hawaiian or Sandwich
Islands) (1843); (Art Hints: Architecture,
Sculpture, and Painting) (1855); (Art Studies :
The Old Masters of Italy) (1861); (Glimpses
at the Art of Japan) (1876); and “Italian Ram-
bles) (1884).
Jasmin, Jacques (zhäs-man). A Provençal
poet; born in Agen, Lot-et-Garonne, March 6,
1798; died there, Oct. 4, 1864. His origin was
of the humblest, and he earned his livelihood
as a barber. He wrote: 'Curl Papers,' a string
of quaint verses; (Souvenirs,' a series of stan-
zas, the nature of which is sufficiently indicated
by the title they bear; and the narrative poem
(Françonette. He developed the possibili-
ties of the language of Provence as a medium
of modern literary expression. *
Jasykov, Nicolai Mikhailovich (yäs-ē’kov).
A Russian poet; born in Simbirsk, March 16,
1803; died at Moscow, Jan. 7, 1847. His earliest
verse was in a light and amatory vein (hence
his sobriquet (The Russian Anacreon'), but ill
health changed the current of his thoughts.
His first book is a collection of amorous lyrics,
and his last a compilation of religious poetry.
The good taste with which he uses the Rus-
sian language makes his verse notable.
Jauregui y Aguilar, Juan de (hou'rā-gē ē
ä'ge-lär). A Spanish poet; born in Seville,
about 1570; died at Madrid, Jan. 10 (? ), 1649.
His name became universally known in Spain
upon the appearance of his charming transla-
tion of Tasso's (Aminta. He wrote (Orpheus,
a long mediocre poem, and a Poetic Discourse)
against the poet Gongora, besides rendering
Lucan's Pharsalia) into Spanish with respect-
able fidelity to the original, but without its
power.
Jay, Antoine (zhā). A French critic, essay-
ist, and biographer; born in Guîtres, Gironde,
Oct. 20, 1770; died at Lagorce, April 9, 1855.
His early essays on literature won prizes from
the French Academy, the reputation thus ob-
tained being fully borne out by his work as an
editor on the Journal de Paris; by the History
of Cardinal Richelieu's Ministry); and the
( Biographies of Contemporaries,' to which he
contributed numerous articles. His Eulogy of
Corneille) and Hermits in Prison) are much
quoted.
Jay, John. An American lawyer ; born in
New York city, 1817; died there, 1894. He
graduated from Columbia College in 1836, and
was admitted to the bar in 1839.
He was an
active opponent of slavery, and counsel for
many fugitive slaves. From 1869 to 1875 he was
minister to Austria, and in 1883 became a
member of the New York Civil Service Com-
mission. Among his works are: (Caste and
Slavery in the American Church) (1843);
(America Free, or America Slave) (1856).
Jayadeva (ji-ä-dā'vä).
A Sanskrit poet;
born in Kenduli (? ), about 1150 (? ). He is
known only as the author of the 'Gita-Govinda'
or (Song of the Cowherd,' an expressively pas.
sionate and realistic outburst of the amorous
Muse. *
Jeaffreson, John Cordy (jef'ėr-son). An
English essayist, biographer, and critic; born
in Framlingham, Suffolk, Jan. 14, 1831. He
was bred to the bar, but became a novelist,
changing his mind when his fiction failed and
his Novels and Novelists from Elizabeth to
Victoria' (1858) succeeded ; since which time,
(A Book about Doctors) (1860), 'A Book about
Lawyers) (1866), and (A Book about the
Clergy) (1870) have spread his fame. In bi-
ography (The Real Lord Byron' (1883) and
(The Real Shelley) 35) are studies in which
the critic and the essayist show knowledge and
skill.
Jean Paul. See Richter.
Jefferies, Richard. An English essayist and
novelist ; born in Swindon, Wiltshire, Nov. 6,
1848; died at Goring, Sussex (? ), Aug. 14, 1887.
His published works include: (The Goddards
of North Wilts) (1873), a local family history;
( The Scarlet Shawl) (1874), a novel; Rest-
less Human Hearts) (1875), a novel ; (The
World's End' (1877), a novel; (The Dewy
Morn, a novel; (Wild Life in a Southern
County) (1879), a volume of descriptive
sketches : this was followed by similar books,
notably, "Round about a Great Estate); (The
Life of the Fieids); (The Open Air); (The
Amateur Poacher) (1879); Hodge and his
Masters) ; (The Game Keeper at Home); etc.
His later works were the novel (Green Ferne
Farm) (1880); Wood Magic) (1881), a fanci-
ful animal story ; Bevis) (1882), a tale of child-
hood; (The Story of My Heart) (1883), by
many pronounced his masterpiece; (Red Deer'
(1884), a description of Exmoor; (After Lon-
don) (1885), an imaginative tale; (Amaryllis
at the Fair) (1887), a novel of country life;
and some fugitive essays and sketches. Field
and Hedgerow) was published posthumously. *
Jefferson, Joseph. An American actor of
great repute and charm; born in Philadel-
phia, Feb. 20, 1829. He came of a long line of
dramatists, and has been associated with the
most famous actors of his time.
His play
(Rip Van Winkle) has delighted untold thou-
sands, and continues to do so. No American
actor occupies so warm a place in the Ameri-
can heart. His (Autobiography) was published
## p. 289 (#305) ############################################
JEFFERSON – JERVEY
289
in 1890, and he makes frequent lectures and
addresses on the art of the actor, which con-
tain his amusing and delightful recollections.
Jefferson, Thomas. A statesman of the first
rank and fame; born at Shadwell, Va. , April
2, 1743; died at Monticello, Va. , July 4, 1826.
The Declaration of Independence is the pro-
duction of his pen; and he was author of
(Notes on Virginia, Autobiography,' and (Cor-
respondence. (Complete Works, 10 vols. ,
1892. *
Jeffrey, Francis. A famous Scottish critic;
born at Edinburgh, Oct. 23, 1773; died there,
Jan. 26, 1850. He was educated for the law,
but chose letters, beginning his noted literary
career by co-operating in the founding of the
Edinburgh Review. He was one of the most
conspicuous figures of his day in criticism.
His multifarious writings are only partially rep-
resented in 'Contributions to the Edinburgh
Review) (1843), “Essay on Beauty,' and Nature
and Principles of Taste) (1879).
Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner Griffith. An Ameri-
can novelist and poet; born in Natchez, Miss. ,
1826; died 1894. She contributed to the Louis.
ville Journal under the name “Rosa” in 1850.
Her published works are in part: Poems, by
Rosa) (1857); (Woodburn,' a novel (1864);
Daisy Dare and Baby Power,' poems (1871);
(The Crimson Hand and Other Poems) (1881);
and (Marsh,' a novel (1884).
Jenkin, Henrietta Camilla. An English
novelist; born in Jamaica about 1807; died in
Edinburgh, Feb. 8, 1885. Well educated and
clever, she wrote fiction as a means of liveli-
hood. Her (Cousin Stella) (1859), a portrayal
of West-Indian life and manners, made a hit;
as did (Who Breaks, Pays) (1861), in which
the Airt is admirably pictured. Her other nov-
els are only mediocre.
Jenkins, Edward. An English political
pamphleteer; born in Bangalore, India, 1838,
and educated at McGill University, Canada,
and the University of Pennsylvania. A Mem-
ber of Parliament, he has written on social and
political questions in the satirical vein; his
(Ginx's Baby) (1870), Lord Bantam, Little
Hodge, and other efforts, have had great cur-
rency.
Jenkins, John Stilwell. An American prose-
writer; born in Albany, N. Y. , Feb. 15, 1818;
died in Weedsport, N. Y. , Sept. 20, 1852. He
was a lawyer by profession, but edited the Cay-
uga Times. Among his works are: (Generals
of the Last War with Great Britain) (1841);
an abridgment of Hammond's (Political His-
tory of New York) (1846); (Alice Howard)
(1846); Life of Silas Wright) (1847); “History
of the Mexican War) (1848); Heroines of
History' (1853); etc.
Jenneval (zhen-väl), pseudonym of Louis
Dechez. A French-Belgian patriotic song-
writer; born in Lyons, 1808; killed in the
campaign of Lierre, Oct. 19, 1830. His fame
rests upon that most renowned of Belgian patri.
otic songs, (Brabançonne, which won its way
rapidly to official recognition as the national
hymn; and his collected Poems give evidence
of a genuine inspiration.
Jennison, Lucy White. [“Owen Innsley. ”]
An American poet; born in Massachusetts in
1850. She has lived mainly in Europe. She
published Love Poems and Sonnets) (1881).
Jensen, Wilhelm (yen'sen). A prolific Ger-
man poet, novelist, and miscellaneous writer;
born in Heiligenhafen, Holstein, Feb. 15, 1837,
He is antithetic and realistic in method. Of
his poetry the (Songs from France) and (A
Dream in a Glade) must win a permanent
place. The tragedy Dido' is meritorious.
Of the novels, Eddystone, Under Warmer
Skies, Nameless,' and After Sunset,' have
achieved wide popularity. Impatience and
rapidity of production tend to mar his style.
Jerabek, Frantisek (yer'shä-bek). A Czech
poet of great eminence; born in Sabotka, Jan.
25, 1836; died at Prague, March 30 (? ), 1893.
(Hana' was his first dramatic effort; but (The
Way of Public Opinion) and (A Servant of
his Lord) are deemed the triumphs of his
genius. In the historic tragedies of (The Son
of Man) and (Závist) he obtains the most vivid
dramatic effects. Few play-writers of recent
times have equaled him in sensational climax
and in dignity of diction and movement.
Jerome, Jerome Klapka. An English hu-
morist and story-writer; born in Walsall, May
2, 1861. He wrote : "On the Stage - and Off'
(1885), largely autobiographical; 'Idle Thoughts
of an Idle Fellow); and a comedy, Barbara. '
(Three Men in a Boat) (1889) was the success
of its year; since which time his labors as
dramatist, journalist, and story-teller, have been
many.
Jerrold, Douglas William. An English hu-
morist; born in London, Jan. 3, 1803; died
there, June 8, 1857. His wit was caustic and
keen, and his long-continued contributions to
Punch are widely known. He wrote: (Mrs.
Caudle's Curtain Lectures); Story of a
Feather); (The Rent Day); (Time Works
Wonders); and (Retired from Business); all
jolly good things. *
Jerrold, William Blanchard. An English
journalist and topical writer, son of Douglas;
born in London, Dec. 23, 1826; died there
(Westminster), March 10, 1884. He edited
Lloyd's newspaper brilliantly, and became half
a Frenchman in residence, speech, and man-
ner, his best writings being contained in: Paris
for the English (3d ed. 1868); ( The Cockaynes
in Paris) (1871); and (The Best of all Good
Company) (1871), series of recollections of
Dickens, Bulwer, and others : but he wrote a
good comedy occasionally, and some readable
stories, and also a Life of Napoleon III.
(1875-77).
Jervey, Mrs. Caroline H. (“Gilman Glov-
er. ”] An American novelist; born in South
:
13
19
## p. 290 (#306) ############################################
290
JESSE - JOHNSON
April 4, 1835. The son of a peasant, and with-
out early advantages, he did not take to the
pen until mature life; but "Lonny, the Home-
less) (1889), «The Brothers! (1891), "Mother
Lenen's Revenge) (1892), and other tales of
village peasant life, have given him an enviable
renown.
Carolina in 1823; died in 1877. Her works in-
clude Vernon Grove) and (Helen Courtenay's
Promise.
Jesse, John Heneage. An English histori-
cal writer; born near London, 1815; died there,
July 7, 1874. His early verse, Mary Queen of
Scots) and (Tales of the Dead,' is of no mo-
ment. He is remembered for a series of com-
pilations of historical gossip, generally known
as Courts and Cabinets of the Stuarts, George
II.
