No More Learning

484.
Later newsletters are those written by Sir William Dugdale and Stephen
Charlton to Sir Richard Levison and by James Waynright to Richard Brad-
shaw; while in the Clarke Papers (see Sec. I, B) are to be found reports sent
to the headquarters of the army in Scotland from its agents in England
during the latter part of Oliver's protectorate. See Firth, C. H. , Preface
to vol. 1 of The Last Years of the Protectorate, 1656-8 (1909).
III. PRIVATE AND DOMESTIC LETTERS
Bacon, Francis (Viscount St Alban). Letters and Life of Francis Bacon,
including all his Occasional Works, namely, Letters, Speeches, Tracts,
State Papers, Memorials, Devices, etc. Ed. Spedding, James. 7 vols.
1861-4. (Vols. VIII-XIV of The Works of Francis Bacon, 1857-74. )
(Besides the particular letters by Bacon mentioned in the text may be
noted the Letter of Advice to Buckingham on becoming Favourite (1616)
in vol. vi, and many others to the same address and to that of the king
(including Bacon's letter on his fall) in vols. vi and vi. )
Bromley, Sir George. A Collection of Original Royal Letters written by
King Charles the First and Second, King James the Second, and the
King of Bohemia; together with Original Letters written by Prince
Rupert, Charles Louis Count Palatine, the Duchess of Hanover, and
several other distinguished Persons; from 1619 to 1665. 1787.
Sir George Bromley was the descendant of a sometime envoy to the
House of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and of a natural daughter of prince
Rupert.
Cecil, Sir Robert (1563 ? -1612). Letters from Sir Robert Cecil to Sir George
Carew. Ed. Maclean, J. Camden Soc. Publ. LXXXVIII. 1864.
Written during the tenure of the presidency of Munster by Carew.
Charles I. Letters of King Charles the First to Queen Henrietta Maria.
Ed. Bruce, J. Camden Soc. Publ. 1861.
This interesting correspondence belongs to the year 1646, when the
king, left to himself, made to the parliament highly important conces
sions, which the queen passionately denounced.
The Private Correspondence between King Charles I and his Secre-
tary of State, Sir Edward Nicholas, whilst His Majesty was in Scot-
land, 1641, and at other times during the Civil War; also between
Sir Edward Hyde, afterwards Earl of Clarendon, and Sir Richard
Browne, ambassador to the Court of France, in the time of Charles II
and the Usurpation. In vol. iv of Diary of John Evelyn, etc. Edd.
Bray, W. and Wheatley, H. B. 1879.


## p. 439 (#455) ############################################

Chapters VIII and IX
439
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of. Private Correspondence with Sir Richard
Browne, Ambassador to the Court of France. In vol. iv of Diary of
John Evelyn, etc.
Ellis, Sir H. Original Letters illustrative of English history. Ser. 1, 3 vols.
Ser. 11, 4 vols. Ser. 111, 4 vols. 2nd ed. 1825–46.
Original Letters of eminent literary men of the 16, 17, and 18th centuries.
Camden Soc. Publ. 1843.
Fairfax Correspondence, the. Memoirs of the Reign of Charles the First.
Ed. Johnson, J. G. W. 2 vols. 1848. (Narrative interspersed with
Letters, to 1642. ) Continued in Memorials of the Civil War: com-
prising the Correspondence of the Fairfax Family. Ed. Bell, R.
2 vols. 1849. (To 1660, with some letters belonging to later years. )
Forde, Thomas. Faenestra in Pectore. Or, Familiar Letters. 1660.
Halliwell[-Phillipps), J. 0. Letters of the Kings of England, now first
collected from the Originals in Royal Archives etc. Ed. Halliwell, J. O.
2 vols. 1846. (Vol. II contains many letters from James I and Charles I
to Buckingham, queen Henrietta Maria and others. )
Hatton Correspondence. Correspondence of the Family of Hatton, being
chiefly letters addressed to Christopher, first Viscount Hatton, A. D. 1601-
1704. Ed. Thompson, E. M. 2 vols. Camden Soc. Publ. N. S. XXII-
XXIII. 1878. [The whole Finch-Hatton Correspondence is in MS in the
British Museum. ]
Henrietta Maria, Queen. Letters of. Ed. Everett Green, M. A. 1857.
Howell, James. Epistolae Ho-Elianae. Familiar Letters Domestic and
Forren; Divided into Six Sections, Partly Historicall, Politicall, Philo-
sophicall, Upon Emergent Occasions: By J. H. Esq;: One of the
Clerks of His Majesties most Honourable Privy Councell. 1645. Ed.
Jacobs, J. 2 vols. 1890.
Letter to the Earle of Pembrooke concerning the Times, and the sad
condition both of Prince and People. 1647.
For other publications by Howell see Sec. V, A and Sec. VII, B, 2.
Loveday, Robert (f. 1655). Letters Domestick and Forrein, occasionally
distributed in Subjects Philosophicall Historicall Morall. 1659.
The author, who translated La Calprenède's Cléopâtre, was an agree-
able writer, versed in French and Italian. He very seldom refers to the
civil war, though he lived in the midst of it at Nottingham.
Scognes, W. B. Four Centuries of English Letters, sec. 11 (1600-1700). 1880.
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of. Private Letters from the Earl of
Strafford to his third Wife. Ed. Milnes, R. M. (Lord Houghton) in
Philobiblon Society's Miscellanies, vol. 1. 1854.
Verney Letters. Letters and Papers of the Verney Family down to the end
of the year 1639. Printed from the original MSS. Ed. Bruce, J.
Camden Soc. Publ. LIII. 1853.
Memoirs of the Verney Family. 1642-96. Edd. Verney, Lady F. P.
and Verney, Lady M. M. 4 vols. 1892–9.
Wills. A Selection of the Wills of Eminent Persons, preserved in the
Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 1495–1695. Edd. Nic Is, J. G. and
Bruce, J. Camden Soc. Publ. 1863. (Includes the wills of Elizabeth
of Bohemia, speaker Lenthall, John Hampden, and others. )
ol
IV. DEBATES AND SPEECHES
No reference is here made to sermons and other religious discourses,
which were specially numerous in the latter part of the period. The
political speeches increase in both quality and importance as the authority
of parliament gradually becomes paramount. During the earlier years of the


## p. 440 (#456) ############################################

440
Bibliography
seventeenth century, the Journal Book of the House of Commons (which,
in the Elizabethan age, had, for the most part, been in better order than
that of the Lords) continued to preserve reports of speeches delivered there,
though in a very condensed form; but in the Lords no speeches (except the
king's) were entered in the Journals, though a rough record was kept for
reference by the peers themselves. In the time of the Long parliament,
feeling was still strong in both Houses against allowing any full record of
speeches. Rushworth was prevented from expanding entries in the Journals,
and members of the House of Commons (as in the cases of Sir Edward Deering
and Lord Digby) were actually expelled for taking notes.
The following is a list, in chronological order, of reports of parliamentary
proceedings preserved to us. Of the Parliamentary History, vol. 1 (1806)
covers the ground from 1066 to 1624; vol. II deals with 1625, and the sub-
sequent volumes advance even less expeditiously. Rushworth's Historical
Collections (1659-80)-see Sec. I, A-which begin with the year 1618, contain
an account of parliamentary proceedings during the sessions covered.
D'Ewes, Sir Simonds. A Compleat Journal of the Votes, Speeches and
Debates, both of the House of Lords and House of Commons, through-
out the whole Reign of Elizabeth of Glorious Memory. 2nd ed. 1693.
This is taken from the Journal Books of both Houses and other
sources, and resembles a modern parliamentary summary.
Townshend, Hayward (f. 1601).
Historical Collections; or, An exact Account
of the Proceedings of the Four last Parliaments of Q. Elizabeth of Famous
Memory. Wherein is contained The Compleat Journals Both of the
Lords and Commons, Taken from the Original Records of Their Houses,
As also The more particular Behaviours of the Worthy Members during
all the last notable Sessions. 1680.
Includes speeches by Robert Cecil Bacon and Ralegh, who, on one
occasion, is described as blushing at the mention of 'Monopolies of Cards. '
Parliamentary Debates in 1610. Ed. from the notes of a member of the
house of Commons by Gardiner, S. R. Camden Soc. Publ. 1862.
Proceedings and Debates in the House of Commons in 1620 and 1621,
collected by a Member of that House [Sir E. Nicholas). 2 vols. Oxford,
1766.
Notes of the Debates in the House of Lords, officially taken by Henry Elsing,
Clerk of the Parliaments A. D. 1621. Ed. Gardiner, S. R. Camden Soc.
Publ. 1870.
Notes of the Debates in the House of Lords, officially taken by Henry Elsing,
Clerk of the Parliaments AD. 1624 and 1626. Ed. Gardiner, S. R. Camden
Soc. Publ. N. S. xxiv. Westminster, 1879.
Contains notes of the last parliament of James and the first of
Charles--including the impeachments of Middlesex, Buckingham and
Bacon, and the charges against Bristol. The Petition of Right debates,
1628, remain unprinted.
Debates in the House of Commons 1625. Ed. Gardiner, S. R. Camden Soc.
Publ. 1873.
In these debates, which turn on the ambitious designs of Buckingham,
Eliot already comes to the front.
Verney, Sir Ralph. Notes of Proceedings in the Long Parliament, temp.
Charles I. Printed from original pencil memoranda taken in the House
by Sir Ralph Verney, Knight. Ed. Bruce, J. Camden Soc. Publ.
XXXI. 1845. (Sir Ralph Verney was member for Aylesbury. )
Burton, Thomas. Diary. Vols. 1-IV. Ed. by Rutt, T. 1828.
Thomas Burton sat in the House of Commons for Westmorland,
1656-9; his note-books are of value for the end of the protectorate, though
Carlyle complains of his 'dim inanity. '


## p. 441 (#457) ############################################

Chapters VIII and IX
441
9
The practice of entering in the Journals of the House of Lords protests,
accompanied by a statement of reasons, which dates from the time of the
Long parliament (1641), is fully elucidated, and the protests are printed
from the Journal of the Lords, in
Rogers, James E. Thorold. A Complete Collection of the Protests of the
Lords. With Historical Introductions. 3 vols. Oxford, 1875.
Of particular speeches dating from this period it would answer no purpose
to attempt anything like a complete list. James I and Charles I, and, again,
Charles II (with his back to the fire) addressed the House of Lords with a
freedom and frequency unknown to later times; but it was not till after the
restoration that it seems to have become customary to publish at the opening,
prorogation or dissolution of parliament, or on other important occasions,
speeches delivered from the throne which, although still, in a measure, in-
formal, were intended to convey carefully prepared announcements of policy.
Such speeches, delivered by Charles II on 13 September 1660,29 December 1660,
and 8 May 1661, were published with companion speeches by lord chancellor
Clarendon. As to the speeches of Oliver Cromwell, cf. Sec. I, A. Among
the speeches by eminent ministers and members of parliament, those of
Bacon claim precedence. (See Letters and Life etc. , by Spedding J. , 7 vols. ,
1861-4; of which vols. III and iv contain many of Bacon's parliamentary
speeches; vol. v his charge as attorney general against Somerset in the
Overbury case; and vol. vi his speech on assuming office as lord chancellor. )
From the great days of the Long parliament are preserved deliverances
of critical moment, such as Falkland's great speech on episcopacy (1641),
showing the parting of the waters, and Pym's against Laud (of the same
year), which, with several speeches against Strafford, marks the first great
sweep of the revolutionary movement. Any list of extant speeches would
have to include several by Hyde (Clarendon), in both phases of his political
life, and examples of the oratory of Prynne (with whom everything was inter-
minable) and of Prynne's adversaries, sectaries whose ideas of liberty were
very divergent from his own. Sir Dudley Digges put on record
A Conference desired by the Lords and had by a Committee of both Houses,
concerning the Rights and Privileges of the Subjects. Discoursed by
Sir Dudley Digges, Sir Edward Littleton, Knight, now Lord Keeper,
Master Selden, Sir Edward Cooke. With the Objections by Sir Robert
Heath, Knight, then Attorney Generall, and the Answer. 3° Apr. 3 Car.
1628. 1642.
The question at issue is that of illegal imprisonment, redress by
demand of Habeas Corpus failing.
Sir Simonds d'Ewes preserved, together with The Greeke Postscripts of
the Epistles to Timothy and Titus cleared in Parliament. And an occasionall
Speech touching the Bill of Acapitation, or Poll-Money, 1641, rptd in Har-
leian Miscellany, ed. Park, T. , vol. ix, 1812:
Two speeches: the first touching the antiquity of Cambridge, the other
concerning the Priviledge of Parliament, in Causes Civill and Criminall.
1642.
Finally, though the genuineness of dying speeches is at all times open to
doubt, the last words of Charles I in the Life and Death of Charles the First,
with his Tryal, Sentence and Dying Words seem to have been reported very
soon after the catastrophe. Still, like these, archbishop Laud's Speech or
Funerall Sermon preacht by himself on the Scaffold on Tower-Hill (10
January 1644) may be less trustworthy than are some of the speeches delivered
by him in the Star chamber against Bastwick, Burton and Prynne, and ptd


## p. 442 (#458) ############################################

442
Bibliography
in The Second Volume of the Remains of Archbishop Laud (Written by
Himself). Collected by Henry Wharton and published by Edmund Wharton,
1700, as a supplement to the Diary (1694). The speech which Sir Henry
Vane was prevented from delivering, but which was included in The Tryal
of Sir Henry Vane, Kº at the King's Bench, Westminster June 24 and 6
1662 (1662) has every internal sign of genuineness. But it falls in date,
though not in spirit, outside the period covered by these chapters.
V. HISTORIES AND BIOGRAPHIES
A. English and General
For a bibliography of the Tudor chroniclers see ante, vol. II, pp. 527-32.
In John Speed, who had the assistance of the eminent antiquaries Sir Henry
Cotton (especially in his account of the reign of Henry VIII), Spelman and
others, some critics have recognised the earliest of English historians as well
as one of the trustiest of annalists. A great impulse was, no doubt, given to
the study of English history by the author of Britannia (1586), William
Camden, whose Annals of the Reign of Elizabeth Selden couples with
Bacon's Henry VIII as distinguished from all other attempts at writing
contemporary English history. For a list of the works comprised in vols. I
and 11 of bishop White Kennett's History of England to the death of
William III, 1706, see Gardiner, S. R. and Mullinger, J. B. , Introduction
to English History (3rd ed. ), p. 217, note 5; vol. 111 was Kennett's own com-
position.
Bacon, Francis (Viscount Si Alban). The Historie of the Reigne of King
Henry the Seventh. 1622. Rptd in Bacon's Literary and Professional
Works, edd. Spedding, J. and Ellis, R. L. , vol. 1, 1858.
Of the History of the reign of Henry VIII, which Bacon was recom-
mended to write by Charles prince of Wales, only a page or two were
written. See L. and P. Works, u. s. pp. 267–8. A rather larger fragment,
not devoid of grandeur, remains of The Beginning of the History of Great
Britain, written a little before 1610; see ibid. pp. 271 ff. Of much
historical interest are:
Advertisement touching on Holy Warre, written in 1622, ptd by
Rawley, W. , in Certain Miscellany Works of (Bacon), 1629, and rptd in
L. and P. Works, u. s. vol. II, pp. 8 ff. ; and the fragment of the True
Greatness of the Kingdom of Britain, ptd 1634, rptd L, and P. Works,
vol. II, pp. 37 ff. The former, in dialogue form, advocates a war against
the Turks; the latter advocates the policy of employing in war energies
otherwise likely to spend themselves in domestic quarrels.
Bedell, William, Bishop of Kilmore (1571-1642). A True Relation, of the
Life and Death of William Bedell, Lord Bishop of Kilmore in Ireland.
Ed. Jones, T. Wharton. Camden Soc. Publ. 1872. (Previously publ.
without notes 'by Mayor, J. E. B. , 1871. )
Speculum Episcoporum; or The Apostolique Bishop, being a brieffe
Account of the Lyfe and Death of that Reverend Father in God,
D. William Bedell, etc. (By his son-in-law, Alexander Clogy. ) Edd.
Wilkins, W. W. , 1862, and, with A True Relation, Letters, etc. under
the title Two Biographies of William Bedell, Shuckburgh, E. S. , Cam-
bridge, 1902.
Bedell was, as Sir Henry Wotton's chaplain at Venice, associated
with his protestant schemes. He died in 1642, as a victim of the Irish
rebellion. Later lives of him were published by Burnet (1685) and by
Mason, H. J. Monck (1843).


## p. 443 (#459) ############################################

Chapters VIII and IX
443
Bolton, Edmund (15757-1633? ). Hypercritica; or A Rule of Judgment for
writing, or reading our History's. (Occasioned by a Censorian Epistle,
prefixed to Sir Henry Savile's Edition of some of our oldest Historians
in Latin (1618). ) First publ. by Hall, A. , in Nicolai Triveti Annalium
Continuatio, 1722. Rptd by Haslewood, J. , in Ancient Critical Essays
npon English Poets and Poësy, vol. 11, 1815.
- (Philanactophil). Nero Cæsar, or Monarchie Depraved. 1624. The 2nd
ed. (1627) contains as an Appendix An Historical Parallel, or, A
demonstration of the notable oddes, for the more use of life, betweene
reading large Histories, and briefe ones, how excellent soever, as those
of Lucius Florus. ?