A Ger-
man dramatist and poet; born Nov.
man dramatist and poet; born Nov.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
Y.
, 1827.
He has written (Lives)
of Charles Sumner, Doddridge, Baxter, Bun-
yan, Addison, James Hervey, Watts, Whitefield,
Abraham Booth, and (Eminent Orators and
Statesmen) (1855).
Hart, Albert Bushnell. An American edu-
cator, historian, biographer, and essayist; born
at Clarksville, Pa. , July 1, 1854. He is pro-
fessor of history at Harvard University. He
has written : (Coercive Powers of the United
States Government) (1885); Introduction to
the Study of Federal Government) (1890);
"Studies in Education); Life of Salmon P.
Chase); Practical Essays on American Gov-
ernment); etc. He is editing a series of works
on special periods of our national history, now
(1897) in course of publication.
Hart, Charles Henry. An American art
critic, antiquarian, and biographer; born in
Philadelphia, 1847. Among his published works
are : (Remarks on Tabasco, Mexico) (1865);
(Memoirs of William Hickling Prescott) (1868);
(Memoirs of William Willis) (1870); (George
Ticknor) (1871); (Turner, the Dream Painter)
(1879); and (Samuel S. Haldeman (1881).
Hart, Heinrich (härt). A German poet and
critic; born in Wesel, Dec. 30, 1855. His early
studies were historical, philosophical, and phi-
lological. He is a journalist, a dramatic and
literary critic, and one of the leaders of what
is known as the naturalistic movement in lit.
erature. In collaboration with his brother
Julius, he projected a variety of successful peri-
odical publications. His poetical works include
a volume of verse; a tragedy, (Sedan); and an
elaborate (Song of Mankind, of which but the
first few parts have yet appeared. He has
issued a volume of sketches, (Children of the
Light.
Hart, Julius. A German poet and prose-
writer, brother of Heinrich; born in Münster
April 9, 1859; resides in Berlin. His earliest
:
efforts were in newspaper dramatic criticisms.
His poems include : Sansara, a volume of
verse ; “Don Juan Tenorio,' a tragedy in lyric
form ; and Homo Sum. ' He is a graceful
translator of poetry from the Persian, English,
and Spanish. His poetry and prose are char-
acterized by euphony and limpidity of style.
Harte, (Francis) Bret. A famous American
short-story writer and poet; born in Albany,
N. Y. , Aug. 25, 1839. He has published: (Out-
croppings) (1866), a collection of verse by
Californians, edited anonymously ; (The Lost
Galleon, and Other Tales) (1867); (Condensed
Novels) (1867); (The Luck of Roaring Camp,
and Other Sketches) (1870); Plain Language
from Truthful James) (1870), illustrated edi.
tion ; (The Heathen Chinee) (1871), special
edition; Poems) (1871); East and West
Poems) (1871); “Stories of the Sierras) (1872);
(Poetical Works) (1872); (Mrs. Skaggs's Hus-
bands, and Other Sketches); (M'liss) (1873);
Complete Works) (1873); (An Episode of Fid-
dletown, and Other Sketches) (1873); (Echoes
of the Foot-Hills) (1875); “Tales of the Argo-
nauts, and Other Sketches) (1875); (Gabriel
Conroy' (1876); (Two Men of Sandy Bar)
(1876), a drama; (Thankful Blossom (1877);
(The Story of a Mine) (1878); (The Hoodlum
Band, and Other Stories) (1878); Drift from
Two Shores) (1878); (An Heiress of Red Dog,
and Other Tales) (1879); (The Twins of Mar-
ble Mountain, and Other Stories) (1879); "Com-
plete Works) (1882); (Flip and Other Stories )
(1882); (In the Carquinez Woods) (1884); (On
the Frontier) (1884); Maruja! (1885); By
Shore and Sedge) (1885); (Snow Bound at
Eagle's) (1885); (The Queen of the Pirate Isle
(1886); (A Millionaire of Rough and Ready)
(1887); Devil's Ford (1887); (The Crusade of
the Excelsior) (1887); (The Argonauts of North
Liberty) (1888); A Phyllis of the Sierras)
(1888); “Cressy) (1889); (The Heritage of Ded-
low Marsh, and Other Tales) (1889); A Waif
of the Plains) (1890); A Ward of the Golden
Gate (1890); A Sappho of Green Springs, and
Other Stories) (1891); (Colonel Starbottle's
Client and Other People) (1892); (A First Family
of Tasajera' (1892); (Susy) (1893); (Sally
Dows, and Other Stories) (1893); A Protégée
of Jack Hamlin's, and Other Stories) (1894);
(The Bell-Ringer of Angel's, and Other Stories)
(1894); Clarence) (1895); In the Hollow of
the Hills) (1895); “Three Partners); etc. *
Harting, James Edmund. An English nat-
uralist; born in London, April 29, 1841. He
matriculated at the University of London in
1859, and followed the profession of a solicitor
until 1878, when he retired and devoted him-
self to zoological research. He is editor of
the natural-history columns of the Field, and
also has charge of the Zoologist. Among his
numerous publications are: (The Ornithology
of Shakespeare) (1871); (Handbook of British
Birds) (1871); (Rambles in Search of Shells)
(1875); British Animals Extinct within His-
toric Times) (1880); (Essays on Sport and
Natural History) (1883).
## p. 251 (#267) ############################################
HARTLEY - HASSARD
251
.
Hartley, Cecil B. An American biographer
and miscellaneous writer ; born 18-died 18–
He wrote Lives) of Louis Wetzel, the Vir-
ginia ranger; of the Empress Josephine (1860);
of Francis Marion ; and of Daniel Boone.
Also (Hunting Sports of the West.
Hartmann, Alfred (härt'män). A Swiss au-
thor; born Jan. I, 1814, near Langenthal, Bern.
He studied law at German universities, but
after a sojourn in Paris abandoned jurispru-
dence and devoted himself to literary pursuits
at Solothurn, where for many years he pub-
lished a comic periodical called Postheiri
. His
chief works are the romance (Master Putsch
and his Companions) (1858); (Martin Disteli)
(1861), a biography; 'Gallery of Famous Swiss)
(1863-71); (Tales from the Swiss) (1863); “Swiss
Tales) (1877); (Fortunatus) (1879).
Hartmann, Eduard von. A German phi-
losopher; born at Berlin, Feb. 23. 1842. At 22
he chose for his life vocation “thinking,"
or philosophy, and on his retirement from
the Prussian military service (1865), devoted
himself wholly for some years to writing his
great work (The Philosophy of the Uncon-
scious) (1868; 10th ed. , 3 vols. , 1890); in the
later editions of this work are incorporated
his (Physiology of the Nerve-Centres) (1876);
(The Truth and the Error in Darwinism)
(1875); and (The Unconscious from the Stand-
point of Physiology and the Doctrine of De-
scent) (1872). Then followed (The Ethical
Consciousness, or as it was at first entitled,
(Phenomenology of the Ethical Consciousness )
(1879); (The Philosophy of Religion (2d ed.
1888), comprising (The Religious Conscious-
ness of Mankind) and (The Religion of the
Soul”; Æsthetics) (2 vols. , 1886-87), compris-
ing' (German Æsthetics since Kant) and (The
Philosophy of the Beautiful. ? Besides these
works, which constitute his exposition of a
system of philosophy, he has written : "On the
Dialectic Method) (1868); (The Thing in It-
self and its Nature (1871); (Critical Grounds
of Transcendental Realism' (3d ed. 1885); (Elu-
cidations of the Metaphysics of the Uncon.
scious) (1874), afterwards styled New-Kant-
ianism, Schopenhauerism, and Hegelianism);
"Self-Destruction of Christianity, and the Reli-
gion of the Future ( 3d ed. 1888); (The Crisis of
Christianity in Modern Theology (1880); “Juda-
ism in the Present and the Future) (1885);
Lotze's Philosophy) (1888); “The Ghost-The-
ory in Spiritism' (1891); (The Fundamental
Social Questions) (1894); and many other
works on society, religion, politics, literature,
art, etc.
Hartmann, Moritz. An Austrian poet and
agitator; born in Duschnik, Bohemia, Oct.
15, 1821 ; died in Vienna, May 13, 1872. He
was from youth an ardent social reformer,
and wrote poems under this inspiration. His
(Chalice and Sword' (1845) was distinctly
revolutionary. He became a “poet of the
people, participated in the movement of 1848,
and was elected to the Frankfurt Parliament.
His Poetic Chronicle of Father Mauritius)
(1849) attained a wide popularity. He lived
in exile for some years, but continued to write
poetry and prose in his wanderings, his repu-
tation constantly increasing. Deep feeling and
love of freedom permeate all his work.
Hartmann von Aue (härt'män fön ou'é). A
German mediæval poet; born about 1170; died
between 1210 and 1220. He took part in the
Crusades. He was one of the most eminent
poets of his time, and through the study and
imitation of the poets of Northern France,
brought about a revival of poetry in Germany.
His chief work is (Poor Heinrich, a senti.
mental legend, on which Longfellow based his
(Golden Legend. His romances (Erek) and
(Iwein,' written about 1190 and 1200 respect.
ively, were derived from Chrestien de Troyes.
His love songs, the noted «minne ” poems, are
light and graceful.
Hartshorne, Henry. [«Corinne L'Estrange. ”]
An American physician, medical writer, and
poet; born in Philadelphia, March 16, 1823. He
has been professor in the University of Penn-
sylvania, Haverford College, and the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania. Besides val.
uable medical works, he has written (Woman's
Witchcraft,' a dramatic romance, and (Summer
Songs) (1865), a volume of verse.
Hartzenbusch, Juan Eugenio (härts'en-
bösh). A Spanish poet and playwright; son of
a German father and a Spanish mother; born
in Madrid, Sept. 6, 1806; died there, Aug. 3, 1880.
His plays adapted from the French were pro-
duced with success. (The Lovers of Teruel,
his first original drama and his masterpiece,
achieved speedy popularity. Others of his best
plays are: Doña Mencia); (The Bachelor
Mendarias); and (The Courtesan and the
Coward. They show liveliness of fancy, inge-
nuity of plot, and good metrical workmanship.
He also edited the Spanish playwrights, and
wrote pleasing poems and stories.
Haschka, Laurenz Leopold (häshʼkä). An
Austrian poet; born in Vienna, Sept. I, 1749;
died there, Aug. 3, 1827. His fame is mainly
due to (God Save Emperor Francis,' the na-
tional hymn of its period, and still an Aus-
trian popular song.
Hasebroek, Johannes Petrus (häs'è-brök).
A Dutch poet, preacher, and prose-writer;
born in Leyden, Nov. 6, 1812. His collected
(Poems, and two volumes entitled “Vesper)
and Hesperides) respectively, reveal him a
pleasing maker of verse; but his best-known
work is a collection of droll poems called
Jonathan's Truths and Dreams. His sermons
have been widely circulated in book form.
Hassard, John Rose Greene. An American
journalist and musical and literary critic; born
in New York, Sept. 4, 1836; died there, April
18, 1888. He was for many years on the staff
of the New York Tribune as an authoritative
musical critic. His most important work is
"The Ring of the Nibelung); but he also
## p. 252 (#268) ############################################
(
(
252
HASSAUREK-HAUPT
achieved distinction with such books as Life cellaneous publications the best known are :
of Archbishop Hughes); Life of Pope Pius Journalistic London (1882); «The New Cey-
IX. '; A Pickwickian Pilgrimage'; etc.
lon) (1882); Henry Irving's Impressions of
America) (1884); (Reminiscences of J. L. Toole,
Hassaurek, Friedrich (häs'sour''ek). An
Comedian (1888).
Austrian-American prose and verse-writer;
born in Vienna, Oct. 9, 1832; died at Paris, Hauch, Johannes Carsten (houch). A Dan.
Oct. 3, 1885. As a boy he was a volunteer ish poet and novelist; born in Frederikshald,
soldier in the Austrian army in 1848, but came Norway, May 12, 1790 ; died at Rome, March
to this country the next year, and was long a 4, 1872. A several-years' European tour ended
journalist in Cincinnati. He was United States by the amputation of his foot in Italy. He
minister to Ecuador under Lincoln. (Four lectured on physics at Soro, and was professor
Years among the South-Americans,' a volume of poetry at Kiel. The revolution of 1848 drew
of sketches; (The Secret of the Andes,' a him in, and he took permanent refuge in Scan-
novel; and a collection of verses written in dinavia; was made professor of æsthetics in the
German, are his remembered works.
Copenhagen University, and held the post till
his death. His plays won him his first general
Hasselt, André Henri Constant van (häs'-
recognition, and several have had brilliant suc-
selt). A Belgian poet and historian; born in
cess both in Scandinavia and Germany. (Con-
Maastricht, Holland, Jan. 5, 1806; died in Brus-
trasterne) and Rosaura) were the earliest; and
sels, Nov. 30, 1874. As a naturalized Belgian
(Tiberius, (Don Juan,' and (Tycho Brahe,'
he early made that country his own from a
among the later. Hamadryads gave him fame
literary point of view, and became in 1837 a
in romantic poetry, and his lyrics rank him as
member of the Belgian Academy. His leading Denmark's foremost poet of nature and senti-
historical works are: “History of French Poetry
ment. His romances, especially (William Za.
in Belgium); (The Belgians in the Crusades);
bern,''Guldmageren, (The Story of Thorwald
(History of the Belgian People'; and (The
Vidförle, and (Robert Fulton,' have passed
Glories of Art in Belgium. He also produced
through many editions. In him, depth of feel-
a variety of verses, stories, and essays. His
ing unites with taste and mysticism in a charm-
poems are highly spoken of, especially the one
ing whole.
entitled (Four Incarnations of Christ.
Hauenschild, Richard Georg Spiller von.
Hathaway, Benjamin. An American writer See Waldau.
of verse ; born in Cayuga County, N. Y. , 1822.
Hauff, Wilhelm (houf). A German story-
He wrote poems with chalk on barrel heads
writer ; born at Stuttgart, Nov. 29, 1802; died
while working as a cooper, and was for thirty
there, Oct. 18, 1827. From the monastery at
years a nurseryman and farmer. He has writ-
Blaubeuren, he went to Tübingen to study the-
ten: (Art Life, and Other Poems) (1877);
ology, but became tutor in the family of a high
(League of the Iroquois) (1881); (The Finished
official. His works include: (Almanach of
Creation.
Fables for 1826); (Extracts from Satan's Me-
Hatifi, Maulânâ Abdallah (Pers. pron. hâ- moirs ); Lichtenstein); (Othello); (The Beg-
tif'i). A Persian poet; born in Chargird, gar of the Pont des Arts); and a medley of the
province of Herat, in the fifteenth century;
most fascinating and amusing tales. His most
died 1520 (? ). His fame rests upon a series of
delightful creation is (Phantasies of the Bremen
five epic poems in couplets, in which he takes Rathskeller,' in which his fertility of resource
Nisâmi and Amir Chusrau, of Delhi, as his and sparkling wit seem unfailing. *
models. Three of the series are : Laila and
Haug, Johann Cristoph Friedrich (houg).
Mejnunnun'; 'Love of the Sassanid Khosru);
*Pseudonym “Hophthalmos » used in one book
(Haft Mansar) (Seven Beauties). The fourth only. ) A German poet and epigrammatist;
is in a fragmentary state, while the final one
born in Niederstotzingen, Würtemberg, March
is the Book of the Seven Timurs.
He was
9, 1761; died at Stuttgart, Jan. 30, 1829. His
one of the last of Persia's great epic poets, and fame dates from the appearance of two books:
his genius is of a high order.
(Epigrams and Miscellaneous Poems,' and (Ep-
Hatton, Joseph. An English journalist, nov-
igrams. A fine example of his ever juvenes-
elist, and miscellaneous writer; born at An-
cent wit is (Two Hundred Hyperboles upon
dover, Feb. 3, 1837. Beginning journalism on
Herr Wahl's Enormous Nose. He wrote also
his father's paper, the Derbyshire Times, he
fables, ballads, and charades, in smooth and
edited the Gentleman's Magazine (1868–74);
elegant metre.
and has since been a newspaper correspondent, Haupt, William Ayers. [“William A. Mes.
(particularly for the New York Times), and tayer. ”] An American actor and playwright;
magazinist. As a novelist he will be remem- born in Philadelphia, June 8, 1846; died in
bered for Clytie) (1874); "Queen of Bohemia) New York, Nov. 21, 1896. He made his first
(1877); "John Needham's Double) (1885), dra- appearance in 1862. He was a popular co-
matized for E. S. Willard ; (By Order of the median, and has played with Edwin Forrest,
Czar,' a novel of Russian life ; (Princess Ma- Lester Wallack, and other well-known actors
zaroff); (Under the Great Seal); "When Greek During the Civil War he served in the en.
Meets Greek,' a novel of the French Revolu- gineering corps of the Army of the Potomac.
tion successfully dramatized. Among his mis- Among the plays which he wrote or assisted in
## p. 253 (#269) ############################################
HAUPTMANN- HAWKER
253
His
men.
writing are: (The Tourist in a Pullman Car);
(We, Us & Co. '; (Tobogganing'; (The Grab
Bag); (The Kitty.
Hauptmann, Gerhart (houpt'män).
A Ger-
man dramatist and poet; born Nov. 15, 1862,
in Salzbrunn, Silesia. He was a scholar of
solid attainments at Jena and Berlin.
taste for practical sociology comes out strongly
in his intense and powerful poems and dramas;
he settled on a small Silesian farm solely to
study peasant life. He traveled widely, visit-
ing the United States in 1894. His first play,
(Promethidenlos) (1885), was conventional; but
under Ibsen's inspiration he soon broke away
from the old lines, producing Before Sunrise)
and (A Family Catastrophe, tragedies pre-
senting the genetic conditions of proletarian-
ism. These and subsequent plays have given
him world-wide repute. He has lately turned
to comedy, but (The Weavers) and its suc-
cessors represent his forte. (The Apostle (1892)
is an attempt at fiction. *
Haussonville, Gabriel Paul Othenin de
Cléron, Comte d' (dos'ôn-vēl). A French lit-
térateur, son of Count Joseph; born at Guscy-
et-Châtel, Dept. Seine-et-Marne, Sept. 21, 1843.
He is a member of the French Academy, and
one of the leading contributors to the Revue
des Deux Mondes His reputation rests on lit-
erary monographs, among which are (Sainte-
Beuve, his Life and Works) (1875), (George
Sand, Prescott,' etc. (1879-88); and works like
(Across the United States) (1883), notes and
impressions; 'Social Studies) (1886).
Haussonville, Joseph Othenin Bernard de
Cléron, Comte d'. A French historian; born
in Paris, May 27, 1809; died May 28, 1884. He
was once in the diplomatic service, but entered
parliamentary life. His History of the Re-
union of Lorraine to France, and History of
the Foreign Policy of the French Government
from 1830 to 1848, are valuable.
Haussonville, Louise d’. A French novel-
ist, wife of Joseph; born (Princess de Broglie)
in 1818; died 1882. Robert Emmet) is her
best novel. She wrote much about Byron.
Haven, Gilbert. A distinguished American
prose-writer and bishop of the M. E. Church;
born in Malden, Mass. , Sept. 19, 1821; died
there, Jan. 30, 1880. An able writer, a forceful
preacher, and a persistent worker, he refused
all honorary collegiate degrees. He published
(The Pilgrim's Wallet, or Sketches of Travel
in England, France, and Germany); "Life of
Father Taylor, the Sailor Preacher) (1871);
(Our Next-Door Neighbor, or a Winter in
Mexico) (1875); etc.
Havergal, Frances Ridley. An English
religious writer and poet; born at Astley,
Worcestershire, Dec. 14, 1836; died at Swan-
sea, Wales, June 3, 1879. She began to write
hymns and letters in verse at the age of seven,
but did not publish anything until 1860. She
was a frequent contributor to Good Words.
Among over 30 publications, which once enjoyed
considerable popularity, may be noticed : (The
Four Happy Days) (1873); Under the Surface)
(1874), poems; (Royal Graces and Loyal Gifts)
(6 vols. , 1879); Under His Shadow) (1879);
and a number of posthumous works by various
editors.
Haver-Schmidt, Francois (häv'er-shmit).
(“Piet Paaltjens. ”] A Dutch prose and verse
writer ; born at Leeuwarden, Feb. 14, 1835; died
at Schiedam, Jan. 19, 1894. He studied theology
at Leyden, and was pastor of Reformed »
churches in various parts of the Netherlands
for some years.
While still a student he pro-
duced a series of parodies, love songs, and
sketches (called in collected form (Skits and
Jests'), which are now known almost by heart
to the whole Dutch collegiate world. Later
he wrote realistic novels and tales of a some-
what serious tendency. Among them are: (My
Brother's House); "The Pastorate of My
Grandfather); and various others. His pictures
of Dutch life are vivid and well drawn.
Havliček, Karel (häv'li-chek). [“Borovsky. ”]
A Czech prose-writer and agitator; born at
Borova, Oct. 31, 1821 ; died at Prague, July 29,
1856. As a tutor at Moscow, he gathered the
material for his Pictures from Russia. Later
he became an influential journalist in Bohemia.
His Czech agitation resulted in imprisonment
for some years, during which he wrote (Tyro-
lese Elegies,' satires popular with his country.
In 1855 he was released. He was the
most picturesque figure in the new Czech »
movement. His fierce sarcasm and unsparing
wit were the dread of friend and enemy alike,
and not until he had been dead some years
were the most effective of his epigrams pub-
lished at all. His posthumous poem, (The
Baptism of St. Vladimir,' appeared first in
1877; and later his collected works were pub-
lished at Prague.
Haweis, Hugh Reginald (hois). An Eng.
lish clergyman and author; born at Egham,
Surrey, April 3, 1839. He was a Cambridge
graduate. His terse and vigorous language and
a rare capacity for exposition have given his
score of books a wide circulation ; among them
may be mentioned : (Music and Morals) (1871;
13th ed. 1885), in which he expounds the emo-
tional theory of music; (Thoughts for the
Times) (1872); (Shakespeare and the Stage);
(Unsectarian Family Prayers) (1874); Pet, or
Pastimes and Penalties) (1874); (American Hu-
morists) (1883); "Life of Queen Victoria' (1887);
(The Broad Church. '
Hawes, Joel. An American Congregational
divine, and religious and ethical writer; born
in Massachusetts, 1789; died 1867. He was
settled at Hartford, Conn. , 1818-67. He wrote:
(Religion of the East); (Looking-Glass for
Ladies); Washington and Jay); (Tribute to
the Pilgrims); etc.
Hawker, Morwenna Pauline. An English
novelist; born 1865. She has written "Cecilia
de Noel) (1891), and other novels, employing
the pen-name of “Lanoe Falconer. ”
## p. 254 (#270) ############################################
254
HAWKESWORTH - HAYES
Hawkesworth, John. A noted English mis-
cellaneous writer; born in London about 1715;
died Nov. 16, 1773. He is best known as editor
of the Adventurer, and as author of about half
its contents. He wrote also an account of the
voyages of Captain Cook, Byron, Wallis, and
Carteret (3 vols. , 1773); "Zimri? (1760), an ex-
cellent oratorio; (Edgar and Emeline) (1761),
a drama; (Almoran and Hamet) (1761), a tale;
(Life of Swift) (1765-66); etc. Allibone speaks
of him as occupying the first rank among
English classical essayists. "
Hawkins, Anthony Hope. A popular Eng.
lish novelist, writing under the name “An-
thony Hope”; born in London, Feb. 9, 1863.
He was admitted to the bar in 1887. Among
his best-known works are : (A Man of Mark)
(1890); (Father Stafford); (The Prisoner of
Zenda); (The Indiscretion of the Duchess);
(Phroso); Heart of the Princess Osra. '
Hawkins, Frederick. An English journal-
ist and author; born in 1849. He assisted in
establishing the Theatre, a periodical exclus-
ively devoted to the literature and art of the
stage, and was its editor until 1879. He was
dramatic critic of the Times for a short period,
and has been for some time on its editorial
staff. His works are : "Life of Edmund Kean)
(1869); Annals of the French Stage, from its
Origin to the Death of Racine) (1884); and a
continuation of it to the Revolution period in-
clusive under the title of (The French Stage
in the Eighteenth Century) (1882).
Hawks, Francis Lister. An American Epis-
copal divine; born at New Berne, N. C. , June
10, 1798; died in New York, Sept. 26, 1866. Ori-
ginally a lawyer, he was the first president of
the University of Louisiana. Besides legal and
religious works he wrote : Contributions to the
Ecclesiastical History of the United States)
(1836-41); Narrative of Commodore Perry's
Expedition (1856); History of North Caro-
lina) (1857–68); etc.
Hawthorne, Julian. An American novelist
and journalist, son of Nathaniel ; born in Bos.
ton, June 22, 1846. His boyhood was passed
in Europe, his youth in New England. Upon
leaving Harvard he studied civil engineering
in Dresden, but took to authorship almost in
spite of himself. His success was not rapid,
but popular favor has been accorded to the
novels Idolatry, Fortune's Fool, (Sinfire,
(Beatrix Randolph, and (Garth. As a jour-
nalist he has traveled widely in prosecution of
his work, his latest task being a study on the
spot of the horrors of the Indian famine plague
of 1896-97. *
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. An American novel-
ist and short-story writer; born in Salem, Mass. ,
July 4, 1804; died at Plymouth, N. H. , May 19,
1864. He graduated at Bowdoin in 1825;
held a customs post at Boston from 1838 to
1841 ; was a member of the Brook Farm com-
munity, 1841; was surveyor of the port at
Salem from 1846 to 1849, and consul at Liver-
pool from 1853 to 1857, returning to the United
States in 1861. Among his works are: (Fan.
shawe) (1826); (Twice-Told Tales) (1837, a
second series appearing some years later);
(Mosses from an Old Manse) (1846); (The
Scarlet Letter) (1850); (The House of the
Seven Gables) (1851); (The Wonder Book)
(1851); (The Blithedale Romance (1852); (The
Snow Image and Other Twice-Told Tales)
(1852); Life of Franklin Pierce) (1852); (Tan-
glewood Tales) (1853); (The Marble Faun!
(1860); (Our Old Home) (1863); Pansie, some-
times called (The Dolliver Romance) (1864);
(Note Books) (1868–72); (Septimius Felton)
(1872); “Tales of the White Hills) (1877); and
(Dr. Grimshawe's Secret' (1883), the last-named
being left in a fragmentary condition. *
Hay, John. An American poet and prose-
writer; born in Salem, Ind. , Oct. 8, 1838. He
graduated from Brown University, and settled
in Illinois as a lawyer, but went to Washington
in 1861 as one of Lincoln's private secretaries,
acting also as his aide-de-camp. He served
under Gens. Hunter and Gillmore with the rank
of major and assistant adjutant-general. He
was subsequently in the United States diplo-
matic service, stationed at Paris, Vienna, and
Madrid. In 1897 he was made ambassador to
England. His literary reputation rests upon
(Pike County Ballads, the best known of
which are perhaps Little Breeches) and (Jim
Bludso); (Castilian Days,' a volume of travel;
and Life of Abraham Lincoln) (with J. G.
Nicolay). *
Hay, John Charles Dalrymple, Sir. An
English admiral and author; born Feb. 11,
1821. He was actively engaged in Borneo
(1845-46), in operations against the Chinese
pirates (1849), and in the Crimean War (1854-
56), retiring with the rank of rear-admiral in
1870. He has been several times a member of
Parliament in the Conservative interest. His
works include: "The Reward of Loyalty)
(1862), being suggestions in regard to the Amer.
ican colonies; (Remarks on the Loss of the
(Captain))) (1871); (Ashanti and the Gold
Coast: A Sketch) (1873).
Hay, Mary Cecil. A popular English nov.
elist; born at Shrewsbury, 1840 (? ); died 1886.
Her home in later life was at East Preston,
Sussex. Among her best works are: (Hidden
Perils) (1873); (Old Myddleton's Money) (1874);
(The Arundel Motto) (1877); (For Her Dear
Sake) (1880).
Hayes, Augustus Allen. An American nov.
elist; born 1837; died 1892. His home was in
Brookline, Mass. He wrote: New Colorado
and the Santa Fé Trail) (new ed. 1880); (The
Jesuit's Ring) (1887), a romance of Mount Des.
ert; (The Denver Express); etc.
Hayes, Henry. See Kirk.
Hayes, Isaac Israel. An American explorer
and prose-writer; born in Chester County, Pa. ,
March 5, 1832 ; died in New York city, Dec. 17,
1881. Graduating in medicine at the University
131
## p. 255 (#271) ############################################
HAYGOOD – HEADLEY
255
of Pennsylvania (1853), he joined Dr. Kane's
expedition in search of Sir John Franklin. In
1860, as commander of the ship United States,
he sailed for exploration of the open polar sea.
His reputation was gained as explorer, author,
lecturer, surgeon, and legislator. Among his
writings are: “The Open Polar Sea' (1867);
(The Land of Desolation (1871).
Haygood, Atticus Green. An American
Methodist divine, and religious and miscellane-
ous writer; born at Watkinsville, Ga. , Nov. 19,
1839; died 1896. He became bishop in 1890.
He wrote: (The Monk and the Prince,' a study
of Savonarola and Lorenzo de' Medici; (Our
Brother in Black) (1881); Pleas for Progress)
(1889); etc.
Hayley, William. An English poet; born
at Chichester, Oct. 29, 1745; died at Felpham,
Nov, 12, 1820. He was the biographer of Cowper,
who received his pension through Hayley's in-
fluence with Pitt. (Essay on History' appeared
in 1780; (The Triumphs of Temper) in 1781;
an (Essay on Epic Poetry) in 1782; an Essay
on Old Maids) in 1785; (Essays on Sculpt-
ure) in 1800; and (The Triumph of Music)
in 1804. He wrote also a Life of Milton)
(1796). Cowper and Gibbon commended his
(Essay on Epic Poetry.
Hayne, Paul Hamilton. An American poet;
born in Charleston, S. C. , Jan. I, 1830; died at
Augusta, Ga. , July 6, 1886. At first a lawyer,
he turned to journalism, and in 1855 his maiden
volume of verse appeared. (Sonnets and Other
Poems) followed it two years later, and then
came (Avolio, a Legend of the Island of Cos.
He served through the war, retired from the
field in poverty, and wrote poetry. Legends
and Lyrics ); «The Mountain of Lovers ); (The
Wife of Brittany); and other productions of
this period, mark him easily first among South-
ern poets. *
Haynes, Emory Judson. An American
Methodist divine and novelist; born at Cabot,
Vt. , 1846. He has written : (Fairest of Three)
(1883), a tale of American life; Dollars and
Duties) (1887); (A Farmhouse Cobweb, a
Vermont novel; (Are These Things So ? ) etc.
Hays, William Shakespeare. An American
popular ballad and song writer; born in Ken-
tucky, 1837. His home is in Louisville, Ky.
One of his best-known songs is Norah O'Neill. ?
He has written (Poems and Songs.
Hayter, Henry Heylyn. An English statis-
tician and author; born at Eden Vale, Wilt-
shire, October 1821. He emigrated to Victoria,
Australia, in 1852, in 1857 joined the department
of the Registrar-General, and in 1874 was made
government statist. He soon after originated
the well-known Victorian Year-Book, which he
still edits.
of Charles Sumner, Doddridge, Baxter, Bun-
yan, Addison, James Hervey, Watts, Whitefield,
Abraham Booth, and (Eminent Orators and
Statesmen) (1855).
Hart, Albert Bushnell. An American edu-
cator, historian, biographer, and essayist; born
at Clarksville, Pa. , July 1, 1854. He is pro-
fessor of history at Harvard University. He
has written : (Coercive Powers of the United
States Government) (1885); Introduction to
the Study of Federal Government) (1890);
"Studies in Education); Life of Salmon P.
Chase); Practical Essays on American Gov-
ernment); etc. He is editing a series of works
on special periods of our national history, now
(1897) in course of publication.
Hart, Charles Henry. An American art
critic, antiquarian, and biographer; born in
Philadelphia, 1847. Among his published works
are : (Remarks on Tabasco, Mexico) (1865);
(Memoirs of William Hickling Prescott) (1868);
(Memoirs of William Willis) (1870); (George
Ticknor) (1871); (Turner, the Dream Painter)
(1879); and (Samuel S. Haldeman (1881).
Hart, Heinrich (härt). A German poet and
critic; born in Wesel, Dec. 30, 1855. His early
studies were historical, philosophical, and phi-
lological. He is a journalist, a dramatic and
literary critic, and one of the leaders of what
is known as the naturalistic movement in lit.
erature. In collaboration with his brother
Julius, he projected a variety of successful peri-
odical publications. His poetical works include
a volume of verse; a tragedy, (Sedan); and an
elaborate (Song of Mankind, of which but the
first few parts have yet appeared. He has
issued a volume of sketches, (Children of the
Light.
Hart, Julius. A German poet and prose-
writer, brother of Heinrich; born in Münster
April 9, 1859; resides in Berlin. His earliest
:
efforts were in newspaper dramatic criticisms.
His poems include : Sansara, a volume of
verse ; “Don Juan Tenorio,' a tragedy in lyric
form ; and Homo Sum. ' He is a graceful
translator of poetry from the Persian, English,
and Spanish. His poetry and prose are char-
acterized by euphony and limpidity of style.
Harte, (Francis) Bret. A famous American
short-story writer and poet; born in Albany,
N. Y. , Aug. 25, 1839. He has published: (Out-
croppings) (1866), a collection of verse by
Californians, edited anonymously ; (The Lost
Galleon, and Other Tales) (1867); (Condensed
Novels) (1867); (The Luck of Roaring Camp,
and Other Sketches) (1870); Plain Language
from Truthful James) (1870), illustrated edi.
tion ; (The Heathen Chinee) (1871), special
edition; Poems) (1871); East and West
Poems) (1871); “Stories of the Sierras) (1872);
(Poetical Works) (1872); (Mrs. Skaggs's Hus-
bands, and Other Sketches); (M'liss) (1873);
Complete Works) (1873); (An Episode of Fid-
dletown, and Other Sketches) (1873); (Echoes
of the Foot-Hills) (1875); “Tales of the Argo-
nauts, and Other Sketches) (1875); (Gabriel
Conroy' (1876); (Two Men of Sandy Bar)
(1876), a drama; (Thankful Blossom (1877);
(The Story of a Mine) (1878); (The Hoodlum
Band, and Other Stories) (1878); Drift from
Two Shores) (1878); (An Heiress of Red Dog,
and Other Tales) (1879); (The Twins of Mar-
ble Mountain, and Other Stories) (1879); "Com-
plete Works) (1882); (Flip and Other Stories )
(1882); (In the Carquinez Woods) (1884); (On
the Frontier) (1884); Maruja! (1885); By
Shore and Sedge) (1885); (Snow Bound at
Eagle's) (1885); (The Queen of the Pirate Isle
(1886); (A Millionaire of Rough and Ready)
(1887); Devil's Ford (1887); (The Crusade of
the Excelsior) (1887); (The Argonauts of North
Liberty) (1888); A Phyllis of the Sierras)
(1888); “Cressy) (1889); (The Heritage of Ded-
low Marsh, and Other Tales) (1889); A Waif
of the Plains) (1890); A Ward of the Golden
Gate (1890); A Sappho of Green Springs, and
Other Stories) (1891); (Colonel Starbottle's
Client and Other People) (1892); (A First Family
of Tasajera' (1892); (Susy) (1893); (Sally
Dows, and Other Stories) (1893); A Protégée
of Jack Hamlin's, and Other Stories) (1894);
(The Bell-Ringer of Angel's, and Other Stories)
(1894); Clarence) (1895); In the Hollow of
the Hills) (1895); “Three Partners); etc. *
Harting, James Edmund. An English nat-
uralist; born in London, April 29, 1841. He
matriculated at the University of London in
1859, and followed the profession of a solicitor
until 1878, when he retired and devoted him-
self to zoological research. He is editor of
the natural-history columns of the Field, and
also has charge of the Zoologist. Among his
numerous publications are: (The Ornithology
of Shakespeare) (1871); (Handbook of British
Birds) (1871); (Rambles in Search of Shells)
(1875); British Animals Extinct within His-
toric Times) (1880); (Essays on Sport and
Natural History) (1883).
## p. 251 (#267) ############################################
HARTLEY - HASSARD
251
.
Hartley, Cecil B. An American biographer
and miscellaneous writer ; born 18-died 18–
He wrote Lives) of Louis Wetzel, the Vir-
ginia ranger; of the Empress Josephine (1860);
of Francis Marion ; and of Daniel Boone.
Also (Hunting Sports of the West.
Hartmann, Alfred (härt'män). A Swiss au-
thor; born Jan. I, 1814, near Langenthal, Bern.
He studied law at German universities, but
after a sojourn in Paris abandoned jurispru-
dence and devoted himself to literary pursuits
at Solothurn, where for many years he pub-
lished a comic periodical called Postheiri
. His
chief works are the romance (Master Putsch
and his Companions) (1858); (Martin Disteli)
(1861), a biography; 'Gallery of Famous Swiss)
(1863-71); (Tales from the Swiss) (1863); “Swiss
Tales) (1877); (Fortunatus) (1879).
Hartmann, Eduard von. A German phi-
losopher; born at Berlin, Feb. 23. 1842. At 22
he chose for his life vocation “thinking,"
or philosophy, and on his retirement from
the Prussian military service (1865), devoted
himself wholly for some years to writing his
great work (The Philosophy of the Uncon-
scious) (1868; 10th ed. , 3 vols. , 1890); in the
later editions of this work are incorporated
his (Physiology of the Nerve-Centres) (1876);
(The Truth and the Error in Darwinism)
(1875); and (The Unconscious from the Stand-
point of Physiology and the Doctrine of De-
scent) (1872). Then followed (The Ethical
Consciousness, or as it was at first entitled,
(Phenomenology of the Ethical Consciousness )
(1879); (The Philosophy of Religion (2d ed.
1888), comprising (The Religious Conscious-
ness of Mankind) and (The Religion of the
Soul”; Æsthetics) (2 vols. , 1886-87), compris-
ing' (German Æsthetics since Kant) and (The
Philosophy of the Beautiful. ? Besides these
works, which constitute his exposition of a
system of philosophy, he has written : "On the
Dialectic Method) (1868); (The Thing in It-
self and its Nature (1871); (Critical Grounds
of Transcendental Realism' (3d ed. 1885); (Elu-
cidations of the Metaphysics of the Uncon.
scious) (1874), afterwards styled New-Kant-
ianism, Schopenhauerism, and Hegelianism);
"Self-Destruction of Christianity, and the Reli-
gion of the Future ( 3d ed. 1888); (The Crisis of
Christianity in Modern Theology (1880); “Juda-
ism in the Present and the Future) (1885);
Lotze's Philosophy) (1888); “The Ghost-The-
ory in Spiritism' (1891); (The Fundamental
Social Questions) (1894); and many other
works on society, religion, politics, literature,
art, etc.
Hartmann, Moritz. An Austrian poet and
agitator; born in Duschnik, Bohemia, Oct.
15, 1821 ; died in Vienna, May 13, 1872. He
was from youth an ardent social reformer,
and wrote poems under this inspiration. His
(Chalice and Sword' (1845) was distinctly
revolutionary. He became a “poet of the
people, participated in the movement of 1848,
and was elected to the Frankfurt Parliament.
His Poetic Chronicle of Father Mauritius)
(1849) attained a wide popularity. He lived
in exile for some years, but continued to write
poetry and prose in his wanderings, his repu-
tation constantly increasing. Deep feeling and
love of freedom permeate all his work.
Hartmann von Aue (härt'män fön ou'é). A
German mediæval poet; born about 1170; died
between 1210 and 1220. He took part in the
Crusades. He was one of the most eminent
poets of his time, and through the study and
imitation of the poets of Northern France,
brought about a revival of poetry in Germany.
His chief work is (Poor Heinrich, a senti.
mental legend, on which Longfellow based his
(Golden Legend. His romances (Erek) and
(Iwein,' written about 1190 and 1200 respect.
ively, were derived from Chrestien de Troyes.
His love songs, the noted «minne ” poems, are
light and graceful.
Hartshorne, Henry. [«Corinne L'Estrange. ”]
An American physician, medical writer, and
poet; born in Philadelphia, March 16, 1823. He
has been professor in the University of Penn-
sylvania, Haverford College, and the Woman's
Medical College of Pennsylvania. Besides val.
uable medical works, he has written (Woman's
Witchcraft,' a dramatic romance, and (Summer
Songs) (1865), a volume of verse.
Hartzenbusch, Juan Eugenio (härts'en-
bösh). A Spanish poet and playwright; son of
a German father and a Spanish mother; born
in Madrid, Sept. 6, 1806; died there, Aug. 3, 1880.
His plays adapted from the French were pro-
duced with success. (The Lovers of Teruel,
his first original drama and his masterpiece,
achieved speedy popularity. Others of his best
plays are: Doña Mencia); (The Bachelor
Mendarias); and (The Courtesan and the
Coward. They show liveliness of fancy, inge-
nuity of plot, and good metrical workmanship.
He also edited the Spanish playwrights, and
wrote pleasing poems and stories.
Haschka, Laurenz Leopold (häshʼkä). An
Austrian poet; born in Vienna, Sept. I, 1749;
died there, Aug. 3, 1827. His fame is mainly
due to (God Save Emperor Francis,' the na-
tional hymn of its period, and still an Aus-
trian popular song.
Hasebroek, Johannes Petrus (häs'è-brök).
A Dutch poet, preacher, and prose-writer;
born in Leyden, Nov. 6, 1812. His collected
(Poems, and two volumes entitled “Vesper)
and Hesperides) respectively, reveal him a
pleasing maker of verse; but his best-known
work is a collection of droll poems called
Jonathan's Truths and Dreams. His sermons
have been widely circulated in book form.
Hassard, John Rose Greene. An American
journalist and musical and literary critic; born
in New York, Sept. 4, 1836; died there, April
18, 1888. He was for many years on the staff
of the New York Tribune as an authoritative
musical critic. His most important work is
"The Ring of the Nibelung); but he also
## p. 252 (#268) ############################################
(
(
252
HASSAUREK-HAUPT
achieved distinction with such books as Life cellaneous publications the best known are :
of Archbishop Hughes); Life of Pope Pius Journalistic London (1882); «The New Cey-
IX. '; A Pickwickian Pilgrimage'; etc.
lon) (1882); Henry Irving's Impressions of
America) (1884); (Reminiscences of J. L. Toole,
Hassaurek, Friedrich (häs'sour''ek). An
Comedian (1888).
Austrian-American prose and verse-writer;
born in Vienna, Oct. 9, 1832; died at Paris, Hauch, Johannes Carsten (houch). A Dan.
Oct. 3, 1885. As a boy he was a volunteer ish poet and novelist; born in Frederikshald,
soldier in the Austrian army in 1848, but came Norway, May 12, 1790 ; died at Rome, March
to this country the next year, and was long a 4, 1872. A several-years' European tour ended
journalist in Cincinnati. He was United States by the amputation of his foot in Italy. He
minister to Ecuador under Lincoln. (Four lectured on physics at Soro, and was professor
Years among the South-Americans,' a volume of poetry at Kiel. The revolution of 1848 drew
of sketches; (The Secret of the Andes,' a him in, and he took permanent refuge in Scan-
novel; and a collection of verses written in dinavia; was made professor of æsthetics in the
German, are his remembered works.
Copenhagen University, and held the post till
his death. His plays won him his first general
Hasselt, André Henri Constant van (häs'-
recognition, and several have had brilliant suc-
selt). A Belgian poet and historian; born in
cess both in Scandinavia and Germany. (Con-
Maastricht, Holland, Jan. 5, 1806; died in Brus-
trasterne) and Rosaura) were the earliest; and
sels, Nov. 30, 1874. As a naturalized Belgian
(Tiberius, (Don Juan,' and (Tycho Brahe,'
he early made that country his own from a
among the later. Hamadryads gave him fame
literary point of view, and became in 1837 a
in romantic poetry, and his lyrics rank him as
member of the Belgian Academy. His leading Denmark's foremost poet of nature and senti-
historical works are: “History of French Poetry
ment. His romances, especially (William Za.
in Belgium); (The Belgians in the Crusades);
bern,''Guldmageren, (The Story of Thorwald
(History of the Belgian People'; and (The
Vidförle, and (Robert Fulton,' have passed
Glories of Art in Belgium. He also produced
through many editions. In him, depth of feel-
a variety of verses, stories, and essays. His
ing unites with taste and mysticism in a charm-
poems are highly spoken of, especially the one
ing whole.
entitled (Four Incarnations of Christ.
Hauenschild, Richard Georg Spiller von.
Hathaway, Benjamin. An American writer See Waldau.
of verse ; born in Cayuga County, N. Y. , 1822.
Hauff, Wilhelm (houf). A German story-
He wrote poems with chalk on barrel heads
writer ; born at Stuttgart, Nov. 29, 1802; died
while working as a cooper, and was for thirty
there, Oct. 18, 1827. From the monastery at
years a nurseryman and farmer. He has writ-
Blaubeuren, he went to Tübingen to study the-
ten: (Art Life, and Other Poems) (1877);
ology, but became tutor in the family of a high
(League of the Iroquois) (1881); (The Finished
official. His works include: (Almanach of
Creation.
Fables for 1826); (Extracts from Satan's Me-
Hatifi, Maulânâ Abdallah (Pers. pron. hâ- moirs ); Lichtenstein); (Othello); (The Beg-
tif'i). A Persian poet; born in Chargird, gar of the Pont des Arts); and a medley of the
province of Herat, in the fifteenth century;
most fascinating and amusing tales. His most
died 1520 (? ). His fame rests upon a series of
delightful creation is (Phantasies of the Bremen
five epic poems in couplets, in which he takes Rathskeller,' in which his fertility of resource
Nisâmi and Amir Chusrau, of Delhi, as his and sparkling wit seem unfailing. *
models. Three of the series are : Laila and
Haug, Johann Cristoph Friedrich (houg).
Mejnunnun'; 'Love of the Sassanid Khosru);
*Pseudonym “Hophthalmos » used in one book
(Haft Mansar) (Seven Beauties). The fourth only. ) A German poet and epigrammatist;
is in a fragmentary state, while the final one
born in Niederstotzingen, Würtemberg, March
is the Book of the Seven Timurs.
He was
9, 1761; died at Stuttgart, Jan. 30, 1829. His
one of the last of Persia's great epic poets, and fame dates from the appearance of two books:
his genius is of a high order.
(Epigrams and Miscellaneous Poems,' and (Ep-
Hatton, Joseph. An English journalist, nov-
igrams. A fine example of his ever juvenes-
elist, and miscellaneous writer; born at An-
cent wit is (Two Hundred Hyperboles upon
dover, Feb. 3, 1837. Beginning journalism on
Herr Wahl's Enormous Nose. He wrote also
his father's paper, the Derbyshire Times, he
fables, ballads, and charades, in smooth and
edited the Gentleman's Magazine (1868–74);
elegant metre.
and has since been a newspaper correspondent, Haupt, William Ayers. [“William A. Mes.
(particularly for the New York Times), and tayer. ”] An American actor and playwright;
magazinist. As a novelist he will be remem- born in Philadelphia, June 8, 1846; died in
bered for Clytie) (1874); "Queen of Bohemia) New York, Nov. 21, 1896. He made his first
(1877); "John Needham's Double) (1885), dra- appearance in 1862. He was a popular co-
matized for E. S. Willard ; (By Order of the median, and has played with Edwin Forrest,
Czar,' a novel of Russian life ; (Princess Ma- Lester Wallack, and other well-known actors
zaroff); (Under the Great Seal); "When Greek During the Civil War he served in the en.
Meets Greek,' a novel of the French Revolu- gineering corps of the Army of the Potomac.
tion successfully dramatized. Among his mis- Among the plays which he wrote or assisted in
## p. 253 (#269) ############################################
HAUPTMANN- HAWKER
253
His
men.
writing are: (The Tourist in a Pullman Car);
(We, Us & Co. '; (Tobogganing'; (The Grab
Bag); (The Kitty.
Hauptmann, Gerhart (houpt'män).
A Ger-
man dramatist and poet; born Nov. 15, 1862,
in Salzbrunn, Silesia. He was a scholar of
solid attainments at Jena and Berlin.
taste for practical sociology comes out strongly
in his intense and powerful poems and dramas;
he settled on a small Silesian farm solely to
study peasant life. He traveled widely, visit-
ing the United States in 1894. His first play,
(Promethidenlos) (1885), was conventional; but
under Ibsen's inspiration he soon broke away
from the old lines, producing Before Sunrise)
and (A Family Catastrophe, tragedies pre-
senting the genetic conditions of proletarian-
ism. These and subsequent plays have given
him world-wide repute. He has lately turned
to comedy, but (The Weavers) and its suc-
cessors represent his forte. (The Apostle (1892)
is an attempt at fiction. *
Haussonville, Gabriel Paul Othenin de
Cléron, Comte d' (dos'ôn-vēl). A French lit-
térateur, son of Count Joseph; born at Guscy-
et-Châtel, Dept. Seine-et-Marne, Sept. 21, 1843.
He is a member of the French Academy, and
one of the leading contributors to the Revue
des Deux Mondes His reputation rests on lit-
erary monographs, among which are (Sainte-
Beuve, his Life and Works) (1875), (George
Sand, Prescott,' etc. (1879-88); and works like
(Across the United States) (1883), notes and
impressions; 'Social Studies) (1886).
Haussonville, Joseph Othenin Bernard de
Cléron, Comte d'. A French historian; born
in Paris, May 27, 1809; died May 28, 1884. He
was once in the diplomatic service, but entered
parliamentary life. His History of the Re-
union of Lorraine to France, and History of
the Foreign Policy of the French Government
from 1830 to 1848, are valuable.
Haussonville, Louise d’. A French novel-
ist, wife of Joseph; born (Princess de Broglie)
in 1818; died 1882. Robert Emmet) is her
best novel. She wrote much about Byron.
Haven, Gilbert. A distinguished American
prose-writer and bishop of the M. E. Church;
born in Malden, Mass. , Sept. 19, 1821; died
there, Jan. 30, 1880. An able writer, a forceful
preacher, and a persistent worker, he refused
all honorary collegiate degrees. He published
(The Pilgrim's Wallet, or Sketches of Travel
in England, France, and Germany); "Life of
Father Taylor, the Sailor Preacher) (1871);
(Our Next-Door Neighbor, or a Winter in
Mexico) (1875); etc.
Havergal, Frances Ridley. An English
religious writer and poet; born at Astley,
Worcestershire, Dec. 14, 1836; died at Swan-
sea, Wales, June 3, 1879. She began to write
hymns and letters in verse at the age of seven,
but did not publish anything until 1860. She
was a frequent contributor to Good Words.
Among over 30 publications, which once enjoyed
considerable popularity, may be noticed : (The
Four Happy Days) (1873); Under the Surface)
(1874), poems; (Royal Graces and Loyal Gifts)
(6 vols. , 1879); Under His Shadow) (1879);
and a number of posthumous works by various
editors.
Haver-Schmidt, Francois (häv'er-shmit).
(“Piet Paaltjens. ”] A Dutch prose and verse
writer ; born at Leeuwarden, Feb. 14, 1835; died
at Schiedam, Jan. 19, 1894. He studied theology
at Leyden, and was pastor of Reformed »
churches in various parts of the Netherlands
for some years.
While still a student he pro-
duced a series of parodies, love songs, and
sketches (called in collected form (Skits and
Jests'), which are now known almost by heart
to the whole Dutch collegiate world. Later
he wrote realistic novels and tales of a some-
what serious tendency. Among them are: (My
Brother's House); "The Pastorate of My
Grandfather); and various others. His pictures
of Dutch life are vivid and well drawn.
Havliček, Karel (häv'li-chek). [“Borovsky. ”]
A Czech prose-writer and agitator; born at
Borova, Oct. 31, 1821 ; died at Prague, July 29,
1856. As a tutor at Moscow, he gathered the
material for his Pictures from Russia. Later
he became an influential journalist in Bohemia.
His Czech agitation resulted in imprisonment
for some years, during which he wrote (Tyro-
lese Elegies,' satires popular with his country.
In 1855 he was released. He was the
most picturesque figure in the new Czech »
movement. His fierce sarcasm and unsparing
wit were the dread of friend and enemy alike,
and not until he had been dead some years
were the most effective of his epigrams pub-
lished at all. His posthumous poem, (The
Baptism of St. Vladimir,' appeared first in
1877; and later his collected works were pub-
lished at Prague.
Haweis, Hugh Reginald (hois). An Eng.
lish clergyman and author; born at Egham,
Surrey, April 3, 1839. He was a Cambridge
graduate. His terse and vigorous language and
a rare capacity for exposition have given his
score of books a wide circulation ; among them
may be mentioned : (Music and Morals) (1871;
13th ed. 1885), in which he expounds the emo-
tional theory of music; (Thoughts for the
Times) (1872); (Shakespeare and the Stage);
(Unsectarian Family Prayers) (1874); Pet, or
Pastimes and Penalties) (1874); (American Hu-
morists) (1883); "Life of Queen Victoria' (1887);
(The Broad Church. '
Hawes, Joel. An American Congregational
divine, and religious and ethical writer; born
in Massachusetts, 1789; died 1867. He was
settled at Hartford, Conn. , 1818-67. He wrote:
(Religion of the East); (Looking-Glass for
Ladies); Washington and Jay); (Tribute to
the Pilgrims); etc.
Hawker, Morwenna Pauline. An English
novelist; born 1865. She has written "Cecilia
de Noel) (1891), and other novels, employing
the pen-name of “Lanoe Falconer. ”
## p. 254 (#270) ############################################
254
HAWKESWORTH - HAYES
Hawkesworth, John. A noted English mis-
cellaneous writer; born in London about 1715;
died Nov. 16, 1773. He is best known as editor
of the Adventurer, and as author of about half
its contents. He wrote also an account of the
voyages of Captain Cook, Byron, Wallis, and
Carteret (3 vols. , 1773); "Zimri? (1760), an ex-
cellent oratorio; (Edgar and Emeline) (1761),
a drama; (Almoran and Hamet) (1761), a tale;
(Life of Swift) (1765-66); etc. Allibone speaks
of him as occupying the first rank among
English classical essayists. "
Hawkins, Anthony Hope. A popular Eng.
lish novelist, writing under the name “An-
thony Hope”; born in London, Feb. 9, 1863.
He was admitted to the bar in 1887. Among
his best-known works are : (A Man of Mark)
(1890); (Father Stafford); (The Prisoner of
Zenda); (The Indiscretion of the Duchess);
(Phroso); Heart of the Princess Osra. '
Hawkins, Frederick. An English journal-
ist and author; born in 1849. He assisted in
establishing the Theatre, a periodical exclus-
ively devoted to the literature and art of the
stage, and was its editor until 1879. He was
dramatic critic of the Times for a short period,
and has been for some time on its editorial
staff. His works are : "Life of Edmund Kean)
(1869); Annals of the French Stage, from its
Origin to the Death of Racine) (1884); and a
continuation of it to the Revolution period in-
clusive under the title of (The French Stage
in the Eighteenth Century) (1882).
Hawks, Francis Lister. An American Epis-
copal divine; born at New Berne, N. C. , June
10, 1798; died in New York, Sept. 26, 1866. Ori-
ginally a lawyer, he was the first president of
the University of Louisiana. Besides legal and
religious works he wrote : Contributions to the
Ecclesiastical History of the United States)
(1836-41); Narrative of Commodore Perry's
Expedition (1856); History of North Caro-
lina) (1857–68); etc.
Hawthorne, Julian. An American novelist
and journalist, son of Nathaniel ; born in Bos.
ton, June 22, 1846. His boyhood was passed
in Europe, his youth in New England. Upon
leaving Harvard he studied civil engineering
in Dresden, but took to authorship almost in
spite of himself. His success was not rapid,
but popular favor has been accorded to the
novels Idolatry, Fortune's Fool, (Sinfire,
(Beatrix Randolph, and (Garth. As a jour-
nalist he has traveled widely in prosecution of
his work, his latest task being a study on the
spot of the horrors of the Indian famine plague
of 1896-97. *
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. An American novel-
ist and short-story writer; born in Salem, Mass. ,
July 4, 1804; died at Plymouth, N. H. , May 19,
1864. He graduated at Bowdoin in 1825;
held a customs post at Boston from 1838 to
1841 ; was a member of the Brook Farm com-
munity, 1841; was surveyor of the port at
Salem from 1846 to 1849, and consul at Liver-
pool from 1853 to 1857, returning to the United
States in 1861. Among his works are: (Fan.
shawe) (1826); (Twice-Told Tales) (1837, a
second series appearing some years later);
(Mosses from an Old Manse) (1846); (The
Scarlet Letter) (1850); (The House of the
Seven Gables) (1851); (The Wonder Book)
(1851); (The Blithedale Romance (1852); (The
Snow Image and Other Twice-Told Tales)
(1852); Life of Franklin Pierce) (1852); (Tan-
glewood Tales) (1853); (The Marble Faun!
(1860); (Our Old Home) (1863); Pansie, some-
times called (The Dolliver Romance) (1864);
(Note Books) (1868–72); (Septimius Felton)
(1872); “Tales of the White Hills) (1877); and
(Dr. Grimshawe's Secret' (1883), the last-named
being left in a fragmentary condition. *
Hay, John. An American poet and prose-
writer; born in Salem, Ind. , Oct. 8, 1838. He
graduated from Brown University, and settled
in Illinois as a lawyer, but went to Washington
in 1861 as one of Lincoln's private secretaries,
acting also as his aide-de-camp. He served
under Gens. Hunter and Gillmore with the rank
of major and assistant adjutant-general. He
was subsequently in the United States diplo-
matic service, stationed at Paris, Vienna, and
Madrid. In 1897 he was made ambassador to
England. His literary reputation rests upon
(Pike County Ballads, the best known of
which are perhaps Little Breeches) and (Jim
Bludso); (Castilian Days,' a volume of travel;
and Life of Abraham Lincoln) (with J. G.
Nicolay). *
Hay, John Charles Dalrymple, Sir. An
English admiral and author; born Feb. 11,
1821. He was actively engaged in Borneo
(1845-46), in operations against the Chinese
pirates (1849), and in the Crimean War (1854-
56), retiring with the rank of rear-admiral in
1870. He has been several times a member of
Parliament in the Conservative interest. His
works include: "The Reward of Loyalty)
(1862), being suggestions in regard to the Amer.
ican colonies; (Remarks on the Loss of the
(Captain))) (1871); (Ashanti and the Gold
Coast: A Sketch) (1873).
Hay, Mary Cecil. A popular English nov.
elist; born at Shrewsbury, 1840 (? ); died 1886.
Her home in later life was at East Preston,
Sussex. Among her best works are: (Hidden
Perils) (1873); (Old Myddleton's Money) (1874);
(The Arundel Motto) (1877); (For Her Dear
Sake) (1880).
Hayes, Augustus Allen. An American nov.
elist; born 1837; died 1892. His home was in
Brookline, Mass. He wrote: New Colorado
and the Santa Fé Trail) (new ed. 1880); (The
Jesuit's Ring) (1887), a romance of Mount Des.
ert; (The Denver Express); etc.
Hayes, Henry. See Kirk.
Hayes, Isaac Israel. An American explorer
and prose-writer; born in Chester County, Pa. ,
March 5, 1832 ; died in New York city, Dec. 17,
1881. Graduating in medicine at the University
131
## p. 255 (#271) ############################################
HAYGOOD – HEADLEY
255
of Pennsylvania (1853), he joined Dr. Kane's
expedition in search of Sir John Franklin. In
1860, as commander of the ship United States,
he sailed for exploration of the open polar sea.
His reputation was gained as explorer, author,
lecturer, surgeon, and legislator. Among his
writings are: “The Open Polar Sea' (1867);
(The Land of Desolation (1871).
Haygood, Atticus Green. An American
Methodist divine, and religious and miscellane-
ous writer; born at Watkinsville, Ga. , Nov. 19,
1839; died 1896. He became bishop in 1890.
He wrote: (The Monk and the Prince,' a study
of Savonarola and Lorenzo de' Medici; (Our
Brother in Black) (1881); Pleas for Progress)
(1889); etc.
Hayley, William. An English poet; born
at Chichester, Oct. 29, 1745; died at Felpham,
Nov, 12, 1820. He was the biographer of Cowper,
who received his pension through Hayley's in-
fluence with Pitt. (Essay on History' appeared
in 1780; (The Triumphs of Temper) in 1781;
an (Essay on Epic Poetry) in 1782; an Essay
on Old Maids) in 1785; (Essays on Sculpt-
ure) in 1800; and (The Triumph of Music)
in 1804. He wrote also a Life of Milton)
(1796). Cowper and Gibbon commended his
(Essay on Epic Poetry.
Hayne, Paul Hamilton. An American poet;
born in Charleston, S. C. , Jan. I, 1830; died at
Augusta, Ga. , July 6, 1886. At first a lawyer,
he turned to journalism, and in 1855 his maiden
volume of verse appeared. (Sonnets and Other
Poems) followed it two years later, and then
came (Avolio, a Legend of the Island of Cos.
He served through the war, retired from the
field in poverty, and wrote poetry. Legends
and Lyrics ); «The Mountain of Lovers ); (The
Wife of Brittany); and other productions of
this period, mark him easily first among South-
ern poets. *
Haynes, Emory Judson. An American
Methodist divine and novelist; born at Cabot,
Vt. , 1846. He has written : (Fairest of Three)
(1883), a tale of American life; Dollars and
Duties) (1887); (A Farmhouse Cobweb, a
Vermont novel; (Are These Things So ? ) etc.
Hays, William Shakespeare. An American
popular ballad and song writer; born in Ken-
tucky, 1837. His home is in Louisville, Ky.
One of his best-known songs is Norah O'Neill. ?
He has written (Poems and Songs.
Hayter, Henry Heylyn. An English statis-
tician and author; born at Eden Vale, Wilt-
shire, October 1821. He emigrated to Victoria,
Australia, in 1852, in 1857 joined the department
of the Registrar-General, and in 1874 was made
government statist. He soon after originated
the well-known Victorian Year-Book, which he
still edits.
