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175] STATE TRIALs, s Henry 1407. -Trial and Eramination [176
Heretico comburendo was issued for the burning By the 1st Elizabeth cap. the abovesaid Sawtre, when the last-mentioned act the statutes, well that other statute the
sheriff was empowered execute persons con first and second Philip and Mary, cap. victed heresy, without that writ; But the against hereticks, are repealed.
wonder ceases, we consider that the sheriff And the 29th Charles cap. passed
could not proceed execute the offender
his own authority, unless was present the conviction; and though the diocesan might call
the sheriff attend the trial, yet might too convict the offender his absence. And fur
contemplation the duke York's succes sion the crown, the writ Hacretico combu rendo, with all procecdings thereon, and all capital punishments pursuance any ecclesi
astical censures, are from thenceforth utterly ther, Sawtre was convicted the convoca abolished.
tion; and may difficult give one instance where the convocation called the sheriff to
assist the trial heretic; and, they had, such conviction was not within the letter
the act: Therefore, upon this conviction, the sheriff was under necessity waiting for
the writ Harretico comburendo, before could execute him.
that this day person convicted he resy liable only excommunication, and such pains and disabilities persons standing excommunicated for any other offence, (which however are not very light) for the excommu nicate person not reconciled Holy Church within forty days, liable taken the civil powers under the writ ercommunicato
By the Henry cap. civil offi capiendo, and imprisoned until
cers were be sworn to assist the ordinaries extirpating heresies; and one convict heresy was forfeit his goods and chattels, and
reconciled. See Comyn's Digest, tit. Excomen gement. For further learning concerning He
fee-simple lands.
By the 25th the Henry
Henry
-
17. Fitzh. Nat Brev. 392, 394, 396, 709.
thereby provided, That person shall executed as an heretic without the writ de Ha retico comburendo first obtained.
cap. 14, the act part repealed; and
Whitlock's speech
resy, see Britton, 594, 595, Hale's
Com. Naylor's case, December 16, 1656, Cobbett's Parl. Hist.
and Burn's Ecclesiastical law. Rapin's state the church from 1272 1399, the first vol.
his History, should read.
THoRPE, Preste, for Heresye, before Thomas Arundel, Archebisho
18. The Trial and Examination
Master WILLIAM
Hen. IV. 1407. Written Himself. Fox's Acts and Monum. 689. Coll. Eccl. Hist. 625. ]
KNOWEN men that rede purpose, and lett the enuenyme the shepe heare thys Writing benethe, That the Son my provynce. Never the lesse Seynt Paul
Canterbury:
daye next after the Feste Seynt Peter, that seythe, Yf may ferre we owe we call Lammesse, the yeare our Lord have peace wyth men: therefore William, M. CCCC. and vii. yeare, William Thorpe, thou wyoll now inekely, and good harte, being preson the castell Saltwoode, was without onye feynyng, knele downe and leye brought before Thomas Arundell archebyshope thy hande booke and kysseyt, promys
land: And when that came hym, stoode thou wilt submyt the my correccyon, and great chamber, and moch people aboute stande myne ordinance, and fullyllyt dewly
lly, charge the, Canterbury, and Chauncellor than Ing ying feythfu shall here that
hym; me, and when that sawe
. . .
went faste into closett, dding seculer men that folowed him forth from hym Sone; that no man was left than that closet but the archebyshop hymselfe, and physician that was
callyd Malueren, person Seyut Dunstanys London, and other two personys, unknowen me, whych ware minysterys the lawe. And
fynde gracyöuse unto the. ' Then seyd
standyng before them, by-and-by the arche the Sonne, and the sothe faste Holy Goste: Alid
byshop'seyd me, ‘William, know well that that thou hast thys twenty wynter and more trauelyd about besyly the North contre, and
other diverse contres Ingland, sowying about false doctrine, hauying great busynesse thou myght wyth thyme untrew teachyng, and shrewyd will for infecte and poyson this
beleue that thes thre persones euen
power, and connyng, and myght, full grace
and goodnesse; for whatsoever that the
Father dothe, can, wyll, that thyng also
the Sonne dothe, and can, and wyll; and all their power, connyng and wyll, the Holy Goste
equall the Father and the Sonne. Ouer lande: but through the grace God thou art thys beleue, that through counsell thys
now wythstonded and brought my warde, moste blessyd Trinitie, moste conuenient that shall now sequester the from thyue euill tyme before ordenyd for the salvacyon mau
thy connyng and power, thou shall yet
Archbishop, Syr, syns
deme me He
retyke out
dience tell my Beleue; and
gyue
And seyd, beleue that there God Almyghty, and thys Godhede, Godhede thre Persones; that
not but one and thys the Fader,
wyll
me here au seyd, tell on.
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177] STATE TRIALS, 8 Henry IV. 1407. —Master William Thorpe, for Heresy. [178
kynde, the seconde peerson of thys Trinite was with most sharp thornes, and strike him with ordeynd to take the fourme of man, that is the rede: and after Christe suffered wicked
kynde of man. And I beleue that thys seconde Jewes draw him out upon the crosse, and for person, our Lorde Jesu Christe, was conceiuyd mayle hym there upon fote and hande; and through the Holy Goste into the wombe of the so, thorow this pitiefull naylinge, Christe shed most blessyd virgyn Marye, wythout manys out wilfully for man's lyfe the bloude that was seede: And I beleue that after nyne monthys vaynes: and then Christe gave wilfully Christe was borne of thys moste blessyd vergyn, his spirite the handes power his Fa without one peyne, or brekyng of the closter of ther, and wolde, and when wold, hyr wombe, and wythout systhe of her virginite: Christ deid wilfully for man's sake upon the And I beleue that Christe our Sauyour was cir crosse. And notwithstandinge that Christe cuncisyd in the eyghte daye after hys byrthe in was wilfully, paynfully, and most shamefully
fulfillyng of the lawe, and hys name was callyd put deeth
Jesu, which was callyd of the Angell before that bloude and water
was conceiuyd in the wombe of Marie hys ordened, that
moder: And I beleue that Christe, as he was and this water for man's saluacion: and there about thyrty yeare old, was baptyzed in the fore he suffered the Jewes make blinde sudde of Jordane of John Baptist; and, in lyke knight thrust him the herte with ness of a dove, the Holy Goste descendyd there spere, and this the bloude and water that was upon hym, and a voyce was herde from Heuen, his herte Christe wolde shede out for man's seying, “ Thou art my welbelouyd Sonne, in love. And after this beleue that Christe was the I am full pleasyd. ’ And I beleue that taken downe from the crosse, and buried; and Christe was moeuyd than by the Holy Goste for beleue that the third daye, power
to go into Desert, and there he fastyd fourty his Godheed, Christ rose again from deth dayes and fourty nyghtes without bodely meate life; and the xlth day ther after, beleue that and drynk : And I beleue that by and by, after Christe ascended up into Heven, and that
hys fastyng, when the manhode of Christe hon
geryd, the Feende came to hym and temptyd bym in glotony, in veyn glory, and in couetyse; but in thoes temptacyons Christe concludyd
there sitteth the right hande God the Fa ther Almyghty; and the tenth daye after this goinge, sente his apostles the Holy Goost that had promysed them be fore; and beleue that Christe shall come and judge mankinde, some euerlastinge peace, and some euerlastinge paynes. And beleue the Father and the Sonne, that they are one God almyghty; beleue the
Fende, and withstoode hym; and than
wythout tariyng, Jesu began preache and
seye unto the people, Doe penaunce, for
the relme of Heven now hande. ’ And
belete that Christ, hys tyme here, lyued
moste holyly, and taught the wyll hys Fader Holy Goost, that also with them the same moste trewly; and be’eue that sufferyd God almyghty. And beleue holy Chirche,
therefore moste wrongfully greatyst repreuys and despysynges. And after thys whan Christe
wolde suffer passyon the morne, fourme
that thei that haue byn, and that now are, and alwayes the end the worlde shal people, the which shall endeuer them knowe and kepe the commaundements God, dredinge over all thynge offende God, and lovyinge and sekynge most please hym.
wolde make ende here
beleue that the daye next before that
hys temporall lyfe,
the worlde, there was left his herte, before wolde shede out this bloude
brede and wyne ordenyd the Sacramente
hys flesh and his blood, that ys, hys owne And beleue that they that haue had, and
precyous body, and gave hys Apostles, eate, commaundying them, and them
yet haue, and they that yet shall haue the
foresayde vertuous surely standying the be their after-comers, that they sholde doo thys lefe God, hopying stedfastly hys mercifull
shewyd them, use them self, doynges, continuynge their ende perfect and teache and commone forthe other men charitie, wilfully, paciently, and gladly sofer
fourme that
and woomen thys moste worshypful holiest Sa crament, myndefulnesse hys holyestlyuyng,
and hys moste trew teachyng, and hys wilfull and pacient sufferyng the moste peyn full Passion and beleue that thus Christe our
Savyour, after that had ordenid thys most woorthy Sacrament hys owne preciouse body, went forthe wyllfully agenst hys ene myes, and sufferyd them most paciently
their handys moste violently uppon hym, and bynde hym, and leade hym forthe these, and skorne hym, and buffet, and
blow syle him with their spittinges. Over this beleue that Christe suffered most mekoly and paciently his enemies for dinge out with sharpe scourges the bloude that was betwene
ynge persecutions, the example Christ chiefly and his apostles, these haue their
names wrytten the boke life therefore beleue that the gaderynge together this peo ple, lyuynge now here this lyfe, the holye chyrche God, seyghtynge here erth agaynst the Fende, the prosperyte the worlde, and their fleshely lustes. Wherfore seyng that
the gadering together this Church before said, and euery parte therof, nother coueteth, nor willeth, nor loveth, nor seketh any thinge but eschew the offence God, and do his pleasing will; mekely, gladly, and wilfully
myne herte submitt my selfe unto thys holye church Christe, ever buxom and obedient the ordinaunce and euery member thereof, after my knowledge and
skyn and his flesh: yee without grudginge
Christe suffered the cruell Jewes crown hin power the helpe God. Therefore
WOL.
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179]
STATE TRIALS, S HENRY IV. 1407. —Trial and Eramination of [180
knowlege now and euermore shall, ifGod will, that of my harte, and my might, will submyt me only the rule and gouernaunce
my soule, synnefull deedly wretche, my me fulfyll. ' And the Archebishop seid unto cunnynge and power oughte beleue, pray me, will shortely that nowe thou swere here
enge the Lorde God, for his holye name, for
encrease my belefe, and help my unbelefe.
them whouse after my knowlege, may per
ceave, the havynge and usynge the be
foresayd vertues, membres the holy
churche. Wherfore these Articles Belefe,
and all other bothe of the olde lawe and of the how whereto that shall submytt me; and newc, which aster the commaundement God shewe me whereof that will correct me, and any man oughte beleuc, beleue verely what the ordinaunce that will thus oblige
And forby cause the praysynge
name, desyre above thynge
full membre Holy Churche,
Protestacyon before you foure that are now the here. Nor thou shalt fauer no man nor here presente, covetynge that men and wo woman, young nor old, that holdeth any thes men that now absente knewe the same, that foreseid opinions; but after thi knowledge and what thynge soever before this tyme have power thou shalt enforse the withstand all sayde done, what thynge here shall doo soche distroblers Holye Chyrche euery
saye any tyme here after; beleue that diocese that thou comest and them that
buxom and obedyente unto these lawes God, seid, ‘Syr, consented you thus,
and every article them. For aucto' haue here rehersed me, should become an rite, specyally these lawes, will, thorowe the Appealer, euery bishopis espye, soluonour grace God, vnyed charytably unto these j'Englonde. For, and sholde thus put up, lawes. Yee, syr, and ouer thys beleue and and publeshe the names men and women, admytte the Sentences, Auctorites, and sholde herein deceiue full many persons; ye Reasons the Saynctes and Doctoures, ac syr, likely the dome my conscience
cordynge unto Holy Scripture, and declarynge sholde herein, because the dethe both truely. —I submytte me wylfully and mékely inen and women, both bodely and gostely.
power these saynctes and doctoures, they are obedyente worke and worde
shall laye iny hande upon the Boke the en persecution otherwise, that many them
are bounden swere obey ony wise after Gods lawe, and sayntes and trewe doc toures according with Gods lawe will thorow Gods grace ever redy thereto with
my conning and power. But pray you syr, for the charity God, that will before swere have here rehersed you, tell me
me that thou shalt forsake the opinions which the Secte Lollards holde, and slaun dred with: that after this tyme nother pry
Goddes
fayth uely nor apertly thou holde any opinion which
make this shall after that thou haste sworne reherse to
all the olde lawe and the newe lawe, geuen and will not leaue their false and dampnable opi
ord ned the councell these thre persones the Trynite, were geuen and wrytten the saluacyon mankynde And beleue that
these law are sufficient for man's saluacyon And beleue every article these lawes,
the entente that these articles were ordened and
commaunded these thre persones the moste blessed Trynyte beleued. And
nions, thou shalt put them up, publeshyng thern and their names, and make them knowen the bishop the diocese that they are in,
the bishopes ministres. And ouer this will that thou preach more unto the tyme that know good witnesse and trewe, that thy conuersacion soch that thy hart and thy mouth accorde treuly one contrariyng all
therfore the rule and the ordynaunce
these Goddes lawes, mekely, gladly, and wil before. ”
fully submytte me with myne harte, that
who ever can wyll auctoryte Goddes lawe, open reason, tell me that haue
erred, now erre any tyme here after shall erre any Article Belefe (fro whyche incon
venience God kepe me for his goodnesse) submytte me reconcyled, and
And hearying thes wordes, thought my harte, that this was vinefull asking; and demyed myself cursed God, consented hereto, and thought howe Susan seid, “An guyssch me euery syde. ’ And that
stode still, and spake not, the abp. seid me, ‘Answere one wyse nother;' and
the leude learnying that thou hast taught here
ever obediente after my connynge and For many men and women that stand now
God and lawe, and forther not
knowledge, not for any erthly power, dignity up
their unpituouse mi state, thorowe the help God. But syr, misters, know some dele experience, that praye you tell me after youre biddying they sholde distrobled and diseased with
tente swere thereby
And the Archebishope said
fore els? ' And sayde him,
nothyng els but thyng coupled together dyuerse creatures, and swere any crea
place Holy Scripture, that this office that But syr, this thinge saye here you before wolde now enfesse me with accordith
these your clerckes, with my forsayd Protesta ony priste Christes secte, nor any other cion, that how, where, when and whom men Christen man. And therefore do thus wer
ture both Gods lawe and mans lawe
agaynst.
me, ‘ye, wher “Syr, boke
thinke) would rather chose forsake the waye
. .
treuthe, and are the waye salvation; sholde for the learnying and reding
my their beleve publeshe them, and put them ther
treuthe, than
slaundred, punished
ministers now use for
women consent them. But fynde
traveled, skorned, and
bishopes and their constreyne men and
toto
by
allto :of all
to Ito
is I by
Ior toit be
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181] STATE TRIALS, s. HeNRy IV. 1407. -Master Willian Thorpe, for Heresy. [182
to me a full'noycous bonde to be bounden with, not yet bethought, whether thou wilt do,
and over greuouse charge. For I suppose, haue here seid the And seid then hym; that yf I thus dede many men and women ‘Syr, my father and my mother, whose would, ye syr, might justly unto my confusion souls God haue mercy his will) spent sey to me, that I wer a traitur to God and to mekyll money diuese places about my learn then ; syns (as I thinke in myne hert) many ing, for the entent haue made me prieste
inen and women truste so mekle in me in this God: but when came yeares discre
case, that I wold not for savyng of my lyse do tion had will prieste, and therefore thus to them. For yf I thus sholde do, full my friends were right heuy me: and than many men and women wolde (as they might me thought their grudging agenst me was
full truly sey) that I hadde falsly and cowerdly |. . . ". me, that purposed therfor haue
company they perceiued forsaken the truthe, and slaundred shamefully eft their and when
the Word of God. For yf I consented to you this me, they spake some tyme full feire and to do hereafter your will for bon chefe or mis pleasaunt wordes me; but for that they chef that may befall to me in this lyfe, I deme might not make me consent good harte in my conscience that I were worthy herefore prieste. the spake me full ofte tyines to be cursed of God, and also of all his very grevous words, and manassed me diuerse seyntes, fro which inconuenience kepe me, and manners, shewing me full heuy chere. And
Christen people Almighti God now and ever thus one while feire manner, nother while for his holy name. ’ greuous they were long tyme me thought
And than the abp. said unto me, “O thine full besy about me, consented them hart full hard endured was the herte of prieste; but the laste, whan this
Pharao, and the Deuell hath ouercomen the matter they wold longer suier myne excu
blynded sacions, but other should consent them,
and perverted the and hath
the thy wittes, that thou hast
know the treuthe, nor the mesure
thot have profered the. Therefor, them that they wold gyue me licence for perceyue now thy folish Answere, thou hast them that wer named wyse priestis and
grace shold ever bear their indignation, ye, their mercy curse, (as they seide) than seing this, praid
will leaue thyne olde errours. But sey vertuous conuerscaion, haue their counsell, the leude losell, other thou quickly consente and know them the office and the charge
myne ordinaunce, and submit the
stand priesthode. And hereto my father and *my decrees, seynt Thomas thou shalt mother consented full gladly, and gaue me their
Smith blissing and goode leaue go, and also money styll and spende this journey. And than went not, but thought myne harte that tho priests, whom herde best
disgraded, and followe thy felowe felde. ’ And this seying stode
holy lyving,
his great mercy bringe me soch ende. learnid, and most wyse heauenly wisdom; And myne harte was nothing frayde with and communed with then vnto the tyme this menasing the abp. And consider that perceiuyed their verteuous, and con there two things him one, that was tinuall occupacions that their honeste and
name,
did ine greate grace, wolde and moste and beste
not yet sorowfull for that had inade Wil charitable werks passed their fame which liam Soutre wrongfully burnt and herde before them. Wherefore, Syr, the consydered that the abp. thyrsted yet after more example the doctrine them, and specially sheding out innocent bloode. And fast for the godly and innocent workis which per therefore was moved my wittes, for ceiued than then and them; after my
hold the abp. nother for prelate nor for priest God; and for that myne inward man was, thus altogether departed from the abp. methought should not haue ony dread him. But was right heuy and sorouful, for
that ther was none audience seculermen by:
but myne hart praid the Lord God for
comforte me and strength me ageinst them sation my knowledge; nor comone fame that there ware agaynste the sothefastenesse. ony other mannis knowledge this land, And purposed speak more the abp. thes men wer whome toke my counsell and and his clerckes than me nede behoved and information; sholde now forsake thus sodenly all thus praid God for his goodnesse geue and shortely, and unwarmid, the learning me than and alwaye grace speake with that exercised my self this thirty winter meke and easy spyrit; and whatsoeuer and more; my conscience shulde ever here thinge that shulde speke, that might haue with out mesure vnquieted and as, syr, true authorities scripture, open reason. knowe well that many men and women shoulde
And for that stode thus still, and nothing therthrowe greatly troublid and sclaunderid, spake, one the abp's. clerkes seid vnto me, and said syr you before, for myne un “What thing musiste thou? Do thou my trewthe and false cowardness many one lord liaih now commanded to the here. ' And sholde put into full great reprefe: syr
yet stode still, and answered him not; and drede, that many one, thei might then than some after the abp, seid me, “Art thou iustely, wolde cuise me full bitterly, and syr
conning and power have exercised me than and this time knowe perfectly God his lawe, hauing will and desyre lyve ther
after, willing that men and women exercised them self feithfully theraboute. Yf than, syr, other for pleasure displeasure them that
nother wise, nor verteuouse conuer
to ed betototo no
I odIin
all
a
to
to
I or to be
Iinof in toall I I I to
is
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ofa on
183] STATE TRIALS, 8 HENRY IV. 1407. —Trial and Eramination of [184
feare not but the curse of God, which I sholde they had continewid seithfully wilfull deserve herein, wolde bring me to a full euyll pouerte, and other symple verteuous lyving; end, yf I continew id thus. And if thorow re and specially they hadde with thes foreseid morse of conscience I repentid me any tyme vertues contine wid their besy fruteful sowing retourning into the way, which you doo your
diligence to constreine me now to forsake ye syr, the bishopis this lande with full many other priestis wolde defame, and pursew me
relapse, and thei that now have (though unworthy, some confidence me, hereafter wolde neuer truste me though cowlde teache
and liue neuer verteuously more than can
Goddis word many mennys know ledge they occupied them season their
may. For terly
wounde and desyle inyne owne soule; and also
evill ende. —Than the Archebishop seide me, Thou and soche other losellis thy secte
sholde here through geue occasion
many syr,
will
wolde shaue your headis full nere for
benefice. For Jesu know none more couetouse shrewis than ar, when that ye
men and women likely me,
full sore hurting: consented your
have
myne euil example
ferre me wer, flee many folke ghostely, haue benefice. For gave John Puruay
sholde herein
that sholde neuer deserue for haue grace benefice but myle out this castell, and God the edifying his Chirche nother herde more compleintis aboute his covetous my, self, nor none other mannes lyfe, and nesse for tythes and other mysdoyngys, than
undone bothe before God and man. But syr,
didde of men that wer auancid within my diocesse. ’—And seid the Archebishop, ‘Syr, Puruay nother with you now for the benefice that gaue him, nor holdith felth fully with the learnying that tawght and writ before tyme, and thus sheweth hymnself nother be hote nor cold; and therefore he and his felaws may sore drede, that they torne not hastely the waye that they have forsaken, perauenture they put out the nombre Cristis choyen people. ”—And the Archebishop said, “Though Puruay, now false harlot, quyte me him but come he more for soche cause before me we depart, shall knowe with whom he holdith. But
example chefely not now reherse, H. the present doyng
some whos names will and and also
wities full besyly know the pleasaunt will God, trauelying their membres full besily for doo therafter, purely and chefely the praising the most holy name God, and for grace edification and saluacion Christen people; but wo worthe false couetise, and euill counsell, and tyranny, wiche they and many
after your counsell lefte vt
learning, sholde hereby firste men and women are ledde bliyndely into an
Philip Rampenton that nowe becomen bishop Lincoln, am
now learnid, many more hereafter thorow Goddis grace shall learned, hate and
fle soche sclander, that thes foresaid men chefely hath defyled principally themselves with. And that them they have en uenemid the Chirche God for that sclan derous reuoking the crosse Paulis
and and how now Philip Rampenton persewith Christis people. And that feining,
communing within the bondis and termis (wich whom thou haste takyn thyme informacion without blame may spokyn and shew out —And seid, “Sir, Master John Wicliff was
worldly prudence
keping them cowerdly their preaching and sey the, Whiche are thes holy men and wyse
that thes men dissemble
worldly lyuers) many greatiste themoste willnot unholden full men. t. h"e. clerke
ponishid God. For the point trewthe that they knewe than and therwith
ly
that thes men shewid out some tyme, they will was namid passing ru and
not now streche forth their lyues. But ex nocent his lyuynge, and herefore great men ample eche one them, their wordis and commony ofte with him, and they louyd their works shew, they besy them thorow their his learnying that they writ and besily en feinyng, for sclaunder and persewe Christe forsid them rule themself there after.
sewed. ’members, rather than they will per \Therefore syr, this foreseid learnying master ohn Wichsf yet holden full many men And the Archebishop seid me, “Thesmen and women, the most agreeable learning unto
the which thou spekist now wer foolis the lyuing and teachyng Christe and his and heretiques, whan they were countid wyse apostles, and moste openly she wing and de men of the and other soche loselles. But now claring how the Chirche Christ hat ben,
they wyse men, though thou and soche other and yet shulde rew and gonern'd. There deme them vnwyse. Neuerthelesse wiste fore many men and women couet this learn neuer none, that right seide, that any while ying, and purpose through Goddis grace were enuenymed with your contagiousnesse, conforme their lyuying life this learnying of
that contaminate and spottid doctrine. "— Wicliff. Master John Aiston tawght and writ And scid the Arch bishop, “Syr, think accordingly, and full bestly wher and wham, and well that thes men and such other now wyse whome that might; and vied hym
this worlde but their wordis soundid . . . If right perfitly unto his lifes ende. And also sometyme, and their workis shewid outwardly, Philip Rampenton while was chanone
was likely move me that they had earneste Lacester, Nicholas Herforde, Dauy Gotray the wisdome God; and that they sholde Pakring, Inonk Bylande, and master
haue deserued mickell grace God have diuinitie, and John Puruay and many other sauyd their own soules, and meny other mennis, 'ich wer holden right wise men and prudent,
e
an, yn m
of to
ofto to as
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185] STATE TRIALS, 8 HENRY IV. 1407. —Master William Thorpe, for Heresy. [186 tawcht and writ besily this foresaid learnyng, one, which the clerke delivered to the Arche
and conformid then thereto. And with all thes men I was ofte right homely, and com munyd with them long tyine and ofte ; and so
bishop. And and the archebishop redde this rolle, conteining this Sentence
-- before other men choes wilfully in
formid them and them, and specially
Wicliff himself, the most verteuous and
godly wise men that herde knewe. And He said openly Synt Chaddis Chirche his
therefore him specially, and thes men,
tooke the learning that haue taucht, and pur
pose liue there after (if God will) my
liues end. For though some thes men
contrary the learning that they taucht, be
fore wote well that their learning was trewe
which they taught; and therefore with the
helpe God purpose holde and use the Rolle, rolled agein, and seid me, learning which harde them, while they sat ‘Ys this holesome learninge among the
“The thirde Sonday after Easter, the yere of our Lorde M. CCCC. and seuen, William
Thorpe came vnto the towne Shrewisbury, and thorow leaue graunted unto him preache:
sermone, that the sacrament the altare after the consecration was material brede: and that ymages shulde wise worshipped and that men shulde not pilgreumages: and that priests have titles tythes; and that
Moses chaire, and specially while they sat people? ' And said him, “Syr, am both
on the chaire of Christe. But after the werkis
that they now do, will not doo with Goddis
helpe. For they feine and hide, and contrary
the trew the wich before they taucht out plenily
and trewly. For know well when some of these men hath been blamid for their sclaun
ashamed their behalfe, and right soroufull for them that have certified you thes things thus vntrewly for preached never nor taught thus
priuely nor apertly. "—And the archebishop said me, will give credence thes worship
full men which haue written me, and wit derous doing, they graunte not that they have nessed vnder their sealis there among them. tauchte misse, erryd before time; but that Though thou now deniest this, wenist thou that
not lefulf for swere any wise. ”
And when the Archebishop had red thus this
they were constreined peine leave tell will give credence the Thou losell haste out the sothe, and thus they choese now rather trobled the worshipful cominalte Shrewis blaspheme God than suffer while here bury; that the bailives and cominalte that
persecution bodely for sothefastnesse that Christe shed out his harte bloode for. ” And
the Archebishop seid, “That learning that thou callist trewthe and sothefastnesse, open
town haue written me, praynge me that am archbishop Canterbury, primate and chaun
celer Englond, that will vouchsafe
graunte them, that thou shalt made (as thou art worthy) suffer opeu jouresse for
holy Chirche, prouid
holy Chirche. For all that Wicliff thine Heresys, that thou maye haue thi youresse
sclaunder
your autour was great clerke, and though that
many men held him perfite liuer, yet his doc
trine not approuid holy Chirche, but many
sentences his learning are dampnid they
well woorthy ar.
But touching Philip
openly ther among them that they whome thou and soche other loselles haue ther
peruerted, may thorow feare thy dede re consyled ageyn the vnite holy Chirche.
And also they that stand true faithe Holy Chirche may thorowe thy dede more stab lished therein. ' And thys askyng hadde pleased the Archebishop, said,” my thrifte this hartye prayoure and feruente requeste shal
said, ‘Syr, full many men and women won rehersyng this malice, and the hear
derith upon him, and speakith him mekill shame, ynge my herte greatly rejoysed and yet
and holdeth him for cursid enemy the dothe. . thanke God for the grace that than
trewthe. ’ And the Archebishop seid me, thought and yet thinke shall come the “Wherefore tariest thou me thus here with chirche God here thorowe, the speciall
soche fables, wilt thou shortely (as have seid mercifulle doynge the Lord. And hauynge
Rampenton that was first chanone, and after
abbot Lacester, which now bishop Lin
colm tell the that the day comen for which he fastid the euene. For nother he holdeth
now, nor will hold the learning that thought
when he was chanon of Lacester: for no
bishop this land perseweth now more sharply Shrewisbury, nor the manassynge the Ar them that holde thy way than doeth. ’—And chebishop made me any thinge afrayde. But
the) submit the me And seid, Syr, tell you one word, dare not for the drede God submit me you, after the tenour
and sentence that have aboue rehersed me. "
Certification that came me fro Shrewisbury dence, that they that are famed out under the bailiues seal, witnissing the Errours the faythe Holy Chirche Shrewisbury, and and Heresies which this losell hath venemously other places also, are the true faithe sowen there. "—Then hastely the clerke tooke Holy Chirche. For their wordes sounde, out, and leid forth cupborde diverse rollis and their workes shewe mannis judgment, and writings, among which there was little dreading and louing faithfully God, their wiil,
and stande thereby after my connyng and power, said the Archebishop; ‘Syr, the
truthe Gods Worde might now accepted one his clerkis, “fetch hider quikely the sholde be, doute not proue lykely evi
And than he hadde been wrothe he seid
thought on. ’
But certeynly nother the prayer the men
dreade stedfastly
purpose for
the malice oftyrauntes, trustynge the helpe the Lorde with full knowlege the sothefastenesse,
on a
as
a of Iby
to
to or
is as
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if at a a or as I
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he is to to a Itoofofas to tobe
to initnoinofbe
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be I of
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: ofofso
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ofIto of
of so of
‘I: he on
of
to
to
to
ifto up
tono no
of Iit,
toto to bybe be
of of
toby byas in of by be of I to :’ be to of all
on
187] STATE TRIALS, 8 HENRY IV. 1407. -Trial and Examination of [188
their desyre, their loue, and their besinesse are order priesthode chefly for make knowen moste sett to dreade to offend God, and to loue the people the worde God after his con for to please him in true and faithfull keping ning and power, approuing his wordes euer
of his commandments. And agene, they that
are said to be in the faithe of idoly Chische in
Shrewisbury and in other places, by open eui
dence of their proude, enuiouse, maliciouse, ther prelacie. And for the same cause bishopes couetouse, lecherouse and other foule worles
aad workes, nother knowe nor hane will to
knowe, nor to occupye their wittes truly and
effectuously in the right faith of Holy Chirche. and were well disposed, and well learned Wherefore all these, nor more that followe preache. Wherefore, syr, the bidding their maners, shall ony time come verely in the Christ, and example his moste holy liu faith of Holy Chirche, except they enforce ing, and also the witnessing his holy thern more truelye to come in the waye whiche Apostles and Prophets, we are bounde under nowe they despise. For these men and wo
men that are now called seithfull and holden
juste, nother knowe nor will exercise themselfe to know of faithfulnesse one commaundement of
full great peine exercise after our con ning and power (as euery prieste likewise
God) fulfil dewly the office We presume not here oure estemed (nother our owne now, and especially men that are named to be reputacion, nor none other mannes) feithful
God. And thus full many men and women
charged priesthode. selves for
principall lymmes of Holy Chirche, stiere God to greate wrathe, and deserue his curse, for
they that call or holde them unjuste men,
which are full vnjuste, as their viciouse wordes,
their great customable sweringe, and their
disciples, and speciall folowers Christe but syr, said you before, we deme this by
authoritie chefely Goddes worde, that
the chefe deutie euery prieste besy them feithfully make the law God knowen his people, and comune the commaund
true his vertuous workes: and for this entent we suppose that bishopes and other pre lates Holy Chirch shold chefely take and use
sholde giue priestes their orders. For bi shopes sholde accept man priesthode,
except that had good will and full purpose,
slaunderouse and shamefull workes shew openly
and witnesse. “And herefore soche viciouse ment God charitably, howe that we may
men and unjuste in their owne confusion call them unjuste men and women, which after their power and conning besy them self to line
beste, where, whan, and whom that eucr we
may, our very deutie. And for the will and businesse that we owe of our dewe dette to do
justely after the commaundment of God. And justely our office thorow the steiring and spe where syr ye say, that I haue distrobled the cial helpe (as we truste) God, hoping sted cominaltie of Shrewisbury, and many other fastly his mercie, we desire the feith men and women with my teaching, if it thus be, full disciples Christe; and we pray this gra it is not to be wondred of wise men, sins the cious Lorde for his holy name, that make cominalte of the cite of Jerusalem was destro able please him with deuout prayers, and bled Christes awne person that was very charitable priestly workes, that we may obteine God and man, and most prudent precher that him folowe him thankfully.
ever was shall be. And also the syna And the Archebishop said me, ‘Lewde lo gogue Nazareth was moued againste Christe, sell, whereto makist thou soche venye reasons and fulfilled with ire towardes him for his me Asketh not Seynt Paul, “Howe sholde
preaching, that the men up and cast Christe out him vppe the top
the synagogue rose Priestes preche, except they sent? ” but their cyte, and ledde sent the neuer preche; for thy venemous mountaine for cast doctryne knowen thorow out Englond,
him doune ther hedeling. Also accordingly that bishop will admitt the for prech
treuthe Goddes worde the vinfeithful peo jectes owe obey their souereyns,' and not and shall lett the sothefastenesse of the only good and vertuous, but also tyraunt that
hereto the Lord witnessyth Moses, that witnessyng their letters.
shall put dissention betwixt his people and Yaiot, willest thou presume
the people that contrarieth and perse with his thou art not sent, nor licensed
people. Who, syr, that shall preche the preach Saith not Seynt Paule, “That sub
ospell, and the prophecye be fulfilled
God almightie
are vicious *-And said the Archebishop, ‘Syr, touching your letter licence other bishopes, which we say we sholde haue wit
me, ‘It soloweth
thinkest that right well for preach and preache; we knowe well that nother you, syr,
And the Archebishop said
thes thy words, that thou and soche other nesse that we wer able be sent for
any bishop. nor ony other bishop this lande will graunte
teach without authoritie
For presume, that the Lord hath chosen ony, soche letters licence, but we you only for preache faithful disciples sholde oblige you and other bishopes,
and special solowars Christe. ”—And said, unlesull oathes, for passe not the bondes ‘Syr, authoritie Gods lawe, and also and termes, which ye, syr, other bishopes, seintes and doctours, am learned deme, will limyt, us, And sins this matter your that euery priests office and dutie for term some large, and some streite, preache besily srely and truely the worde we dare not oblige thus bounden God. For doute euery priest should pur you for kepe the termes, which you will pose first his soule, and couett take the miti us, Friere and soch other
Why than, lewde preach, syns thy souereyn
no
do
ye do
to
I
all
lyto
by I
us
it to is
of ofto to
I ofof as
is he
of
a of
of to to
all to
ofto of
byto
to
he
of
{.
it ye
in ye ” to or
so isbyas of ofof
to
to
by
of
to
of
to
to of beto
toisus nosoisas
totoas totoinofIofof
as beto ofas to toof
ye us to so of tobe bybyheto
by
dousto to
to of
I
to
to
soof in to toof to
in of to to
toortoof to ofvsby
of
to
to hebe
in is of of
toor is to
:
of to
of
no
oftobetoof to be toto
1891 STATE TRIALs, 8 Henry 1407–Master William Thorpe, Hercy. [100
prechers and therefor though we haue not ‘owe obeye following their maners, your letter, sir, nor letters other bishops worke besily holy studying, how they may written with ynke upon perchement, we dare ‘wibtstande and destroy vices firste themself,
not herefor leaue the office preching which preching all priestes, after there connying
and power, are bounde God's lawe, and
we come and purpose fulfyll with the obey, seid before, lyue vertuously,
ony mencion making
diuerse testimonies great doctours, without
souereyns make deuoute and feruent prayers for purchase grace God, that they and their
helpe God, by authoritie his owne lawe, and witnesse great doctours and seintes accordingly, hereto trusting stedfastly the
mercye God; For that commaundeth
the office priesthode, will our
that they that will lyue well may take them goode example knowe and kepe the commaundmentis of God. But this fore said wyse, subjectis owe not obey, nor
obedient tyrauntis, while they vicious sufficient letters and witnesse, we example tyrauntis; syns their will, their counsell, their his holy lyuing and teaching specially oc biddings, and their workis vicious, that
cupye vs. eithfully our office justly, they owe hatid and lefte. And though the people whom we preache, they soche tyrauntis masterfull and cruell feithfull unfeithfull, shall our letters, that bostyng, and manasing oppressions and di
our witnesseberers; for the treuthe, where sowen, maye not unwitnessed For
that are conuerred and saued learninge Goddes worde, and working thereafter, are
verse punyshyngis; Seynt Paul biddeth the seruauntis soche tyrauntis obey mekel
soche tyrauntis, suffering paciently their malicious cruelnes; But Peter counseliith not ony seruant subjecte obey ony lorde,
their saluacion. And ageyn, unfeythfull
men and women, which herde the treuthe,
tolde out them and wolde not thereafter;
also they that might have herde the truthe, that vicious, this souereyn herein
and wolde not heare because that they wolde blaine; but the subjecte for his obedience not do thereafter all thes shall beare witnesse deserueth mede God, for obedience pleasith
against themselfes, and the treuth which they more God than ony sacrifice. ’—And said, wold not heare, else harden and despised Samuel the prophete said Saul the wycked do thereafter thorow their unfeythfulnesse, king, ‘That God was more pleased with the and shall cause their dampnacion. There obedience commaundment than withony fore, syr, syns this forseide witnessing
gither, “That not worthy dethe
because that we haue not, maye not haue, Holy Chirche teachethin the Decrees, That no
and diverse seintes and doctours, and
the people good and evyll, sufficeth
preachers; we thinke that we do not the office and dampnacion, but also
dewly bishopes letters witnesse that we are
seruant his lorde, nor childe the father mother, nor wyse hyr husbond, nor monke his abot, ought obey except lefull
sent them preache. This Sentence ap
proueth Seynt Paul, wher speaketh him
selfe, and feithfull apostles and disciples,
saing thus: “We neede letters com said me, “All these allegingis that thou “mendacion, some other preachers do, bringest forth not els but proude presumptu ‘whiche preache for couetousness temporal ousness; for hereby thou enforcist the prove, “goodes, and for mennes praising. ' And where that thou and soche other arso juste, that
ye say, syr, that Paul biddeth subjectes obey owe not obeye prelatis. And thus agenst their souereyns: this soth, and may not the learning Seynt Paul, that teachith you not denied: But ther maner souereyns, ver preache but wersent, your own autho
tuous suffereyns, and vicious tyrauntes; there rite will forthe, and preache, and doo fore thes last souereyns nother men nor women what yeliste. "—And said, ‘Sir, presentith not that subjecte owe obey manners. To every prieste the office the apostles, the vertuous suffereins and charitable, subjectes owe office the disciples Christe? ' And the abp.
obey wilfully and gladly, hearing their said ‘ye. ” And said, “Syr, the tenthe
chaptre Matthew, and the laste chaptre Marke witnesseth, Christe sent his apostles for
preache; And the tenthe chaptre Luke saith thus subjectis; “Be mindfull your witnesseth, that Christe sent his two and se “souereyns that speke you the worde God, uentie disciples for preache every place and folow you the feithe them whos conuer that Christe was come to. And Seynt
“sacion you know vertuous. ” For Paul Gregory the common lawe saith, That every saith after, “Thes souereyns, whome subjectis man that goth priesthode, takith upon hym
good counsell, consenting their charitable biddinges, and werkynge after their frutefull
works. This sentence Paul approueth, wher
and after their subjectis, and how they
“may beste plante them vertues. ” Also thes
bishopes letters. For subjectis may ouer things dreade offende mekell we haue taken upon the office him, and loue for please hym. Also priesthode (though we are vnworthy thereto) these souereyns whom Paul biddeth
witnesseberers, that the trewith and sothfast
nesse which they harde and dyd after, cause prince, souereyn - ony thyng that not
pleasing God. ”
And the Archebishop said vnto me, ‘Yf
souereyn bidde his subject doo that thing
God, “sacrifice bestis. ' But Dauid saith, and
all Seynt Gregory according true onely they that euyll
they that con presthode, that we leaue our preaching, sente euyll doers. ’ And, syr, the law
thingis and lawfull-And, the Archebishop
to
of
to
of or :
of of
it bybeto ofof
‘
to of of itis, of to ofas of is
in
to
beto ofofall dobyof
be to or of toof as
:
inin as to if is
to
be toj.
to is to
do to by
of
be he
if of
to yetoininof is.
or
ofof
as ofof of
of of all of of
is
be
be in vs
it vs
; IV.
nohe
ofto :by
of all tototo orto to
to ‘‘
he
be
is to
ye
of ye to to in of to to
to is
allas
to
go of
if ar
ofof his
toor toto itto or of be is
in
all inin
toIyetotodo
toofIto into
be toallofin of to toin to
of
allis
to
ar to
to so so
offor in
into
of toinofI arto
of
or is is to
ye orof toa inbeofvs
as
to
do all
by
he
191] STATE TRIALs, 8 Henry 1407. —Trial and Eramination [192
the office preaching; for saith, that euer shall truste God) gouernyd prieste steirith God great wrathe, whos holy Chirche. And the Archebishop asked mouthe not herde the voice preaching. me, ‘What was holy Chirche? ' And said, Sir, And other more gloses upon Ezechiel wit tolde you before what was holy Chirche; but nesse, that the prieste that prechith not besily syns aske me this demaunde, call Christe
the people, shall partetaker their and his Seyntes holy Chirche. —And the Arche dampnacion that perishe thorow his defaute; bishop said unto me, wote well that Christe and though the people sauyd other spe and his Seyntes holy Chirche Heuene; ciall grace God than the priestis preach but what holy Chirche erthe And said, yng, yet the priestis, that they ordenyd Syr, though holy Chirche euery one cha preache, and preache not, before God they rite, yet hath two partis: the firste and prin
not the people gostely,
and sleeth that they withhold
wretchednesse this and
Heuene with Christe; and the tother parte
that the trew the hearith my voice. ’
thing that dothe displeasith God. For Seynt Gregory saith, that thing lefte that
besely allege soche sentencis mainteyne hys errours and heresies? certeyn thus wold
man bounde chefely doo, whatsoeuer other
occupie here day, we wold suffer hym. '
them soche cipall parte hath ouercomen perfitely the
manslears, for ferre
priestes preache besily trewly ily. fe, reigneth joyfully
God, that lyfe and
sustenannce menes soules. And Seynt Isidore ing day and night
from them the worde
temptacions the
atyng prosperite saith, Priestis shall dampnid for wickednesse Fende, forsakyng and the
the people, they teache not them that this worlde, despising and withstoning their ignorant, blame not them that are synners: tlesschely lustis; which only the pilgrimes For the worke besinesse priestis stand Christe, wandering toward Heuene stedfast
. ith preaching and teaching, that they edifye feith, and grounded hope, and perfite cha
men well connyng feithe, discipline workes, that vertuous teaching. And the Gospell witnessith, Christe said
his teaching, “I am borne and comen into this “worlde beare witnesse the trewthe, and
rite: for this heuenly pilgremis may not, nor
manasing ony creatnre; for they
Than, syr; syns the Word Christe speci faste grounded upon the suer stone Christe,
ally, that his voice, priestis commaundid hearing his worde, and louing exercising preache, whatsoeuer prieste that that them feithfully, and continually their
hathe not good-will and full purpose doo wittes doo thereafter. ”
thus, and ableth not hymself, after his conning And the Archebishop said his Clerkis, “Se and power, doo his office the example not how his harte endured, and how he
Christe and his apostles, whatsoeuer other traueled with the deuill, occupying him thus
One the Clerkes answered; “Syr, said Holy Goste And therfore saithe Lincoln, right now, that this Certificacion that came
thing that man dothe, unthankefull the That prieste that preachith not the worde
you fro Shrewisbery untrewly forged against hym; therfore, Syr, appose you hym now here
the pointis which certified ageinst hym, and so we shall heare of his owne mouthe his Answers, and witnesse them.
God, though
defaute,
these and
angell light tournid into derkenesse. Where
be siene have none other Antichriste and Sathanas, night
day-thefe, slear soules, and
fore, syr, thes authorites and other well consi
dered, deme myself dampnable other for
pleesure displeasure ony creature, applye
me not diligently preache the worde God.
And the same dampnacion deme all those
priestis, which goode purpose and will en Seynt Chaddis Chirche, that the sacramente
the altare was material brede after the conse
cracion what saist thou? was this trewly preached And said, Syr, tell you trewly
that touchid nothing there the sacrament the altare, but this wyse, will with
Goddis grace tell you here. As stood ther the pulpet, besiyng me teache the commaun dement God, ther knylled sacring bell, and
therfore mekill people toormid awaye hastely, and with great noyse ran fro towardis me. And
thou couetist have ageyn the Psalter that
made takyn from the Canterbury,
recorde sharpe versys ageinst vs; but thou shalt dis worde for certis the vertue and the mede neuer haue that Psalter, nor none other boke, the moste holy sacrament the altare stand tyll that know that thy harte and thy mouthe ith mekill more the beleue thereof that accorde fully gouernid holy Chirche. ' ought haue your soule, than dothe And said, Syr, my will and power and the outward sighte thereof. And therfor were
forse them not besily doo thus; and also them that have purpose will lett ony priest this businesse. '
And the Archebishop said those three clerk that stoode before hym, ‘Lo, Syrs, this the manner and businesse of this losell and
soohe other, pike out soche sharp sentencis holy Scripture, and doctoris, mainteine
their secte and lore againste the ordinaunce holy Chirche. And therefore, losell, that
seing this, said them thus: Goode men, wer better stand here still, and hear God
here yet erth, besily and continually fight
h
lettid their goode purpos, the eny doctours discording fro holy scrip
will not
reason
ture, not
porall, nor the winde any pride boste,
the fluddis any tribulacion tem
And the Archebishop tooke the Certificacion his honde, and looked theron while, and
than he said to me: Lo here certified
ageinst the worthy men and feithfull Shrew isbury, that thou preachedst there openly
is
it ofa it isi;sofof is to to be as
of is of to *he all
of all ar to ItoofIof as as
Iisinis inall
to allbe
to is : heto of of
to of he of if
of
of
be
orahea is,istoasor as is
of
to
of to a itto
by
by or
as
of in to
of
to is
in be be as by
to is
byat Iof arofofofinas as
or
to if by he to to I, arby of
toIof all an of alo inby ar to ofIof inin yeor isin I
IV. by
to of : ; '
vsto to of ye by be it is
to by
by in be
I
all
of
of
of of (I in ofar
inin to I
to ar if of of in
of
a ofI to ar be
Ias ita - by Ito
itto I ye
ofis
toinit,
Iof by inbe
in ye ye in
ofin
to
is
all
of of
all
“ is is ‘Ito
hehe
all of
ar by
of all
inI
be
193] STATE TRIALS, s IIesty IV. 1407. —Master William Thorpe, for Heresy. [194
better to stande still quietely to hear Goddis ordinaunce of inen under beleue shulde be putt
worde, because that thorow the hearing thereof men come to very trewe belefe. And other wyse, Syr, I am certein I spake not there of the woorthy sacrament of the altare.
beleue. And the Archebishop saide me, ‘Yfthou hast not learned this before, learne now knowe that thou art out beleue, this mat
ter and other thou beleuest not holy chirche And the Archebishop said to me, “I beleue beleueth. What saye doctours treatinge this
the not what so euer thou saist, syns so worship
full men haue witnessed thus ageinst the ; but
syns thou denyest that thou saidist thus there,
what saist thou now 2 restith there, after the
consecration, in the oste materiall brede or no? ' breade that we breake. And also the canon And I said, Sir, I knowe in no place in holy the masse after the consecration, this most scripture where this terme material brede is worthy Sacrament called holy breade; and writen; and therefore, sir, when I speake of euery prieste this lande, after that hathe this matter, I vse not to speake of material receyued this Sacrament, say the thys wyse brede. Than the Archebishop said to me, That thynge that we haue taken with oute ‘How teachest thou men to beleue in this sa mouthe, we praye God that we may take crament? ’ And I said, Sir, as I beleue myself, with pure and clene mynde that un so I teache other men. He said, “ Tell out derstonde, we praye God that we may receyue, pleinly thy beleue hereof. ”—And I said with thorowe very beleue, this holy Sacrament
- my protestacion, Sir, nyght worthely. And, Syr, Seynt Augustine saith, I beleue that the
before that Christe Jesu wold suffer wilfully That thing that Ae breade: but that
passion for mankynde on the morne after, he menneys feithe be informed of, ". . . o.
toke breade in his holy and moste worshipful! verye Christes body. And also Tulgence, handis, lifting vp his eyes, and gyuyng thankis ententyse doctour, saith, were errour
Sacrament? '—And said, Syr, Seint Paule that was greate doctour holy chirche, speakynge
the people, and teaching them the right be leue this moste holy Sacrament, calleth
to God his father, blessed this breade and brake
saye that Christe was but substaunce, that very man, and not very God, say, that
Christe was very God, and not very man
(this doctour sayth) errour say, that the
and gaue
his disciples, ssaying them, this you, this my body;' and ought mennis be
‘Take and eate
and tho this
lefe, Mathew, Mark, Luke, and Paul witness Sacrament of the altar but substaunce.
ith other beleue, sir, haue none, nor will And also, Syr, accordingly hereto the secrete have none else; for beleue, with Goddisgrace, the middle masse Christmasse day,
purpose lyue and dye, knoleging be written thus: ‘Idem refulsit Deus, terrena Jeue, that the worshipfull sacrament the substantia nobis conferat quod divinum est;" altare the sacramente Christis flesche and which sentence, Syr, with the secrete the
his bloode, fourme breade and wine. And the Archebishop said me, “It sothe
that this Sacrament very Christis body fourme breade; but thou and thy secte techist substaunce brede: thymke you this true teachinge f"—And said, Nother norony other the secte that dampne, teach ony other wyse than haue told you, nor beleue
my knowynge. Neuerthelesse, syr, aske you for charyte, that will tell me here pleynly, how shall vinderstonde this
*- And said, Syr, Ivnderstond, one
otherwise
there abideth substaunce of breade or not
text Saynt Paule, wher sayth thus: This graunte and beleue that there dwel
thinge feale you youre self, that Jesu, while was the fourme
calleth not Paule here the fourme
substaunce kynde God? Also, sir, saith not the Chirche the houres the most blessed
virgine accordingly hereto, where written
thus: “Thou auctour healthe remembre, that
sounetyme thou toke the undefyled vyrgyne
the fourme oure bodye? " Teil me for charyte this terme, Accidens sine suljecto, those
therefore, whether the fourme our bodye clerkes which delyte them curiouse and
called here the kynde our body no? –And suttill sophistrie, because they determine oft
the Archebishop said me, ‘Wouldest thou difficulte and straunge maters, and wade and
make me declare this texte after thy purpose, wander them, from argument argument
Christe God. ” Sir, God, the
leth substaunce brede, and graunte and beleue that this most worthy Sacra ment Christes owne body one accident withoute subjecte. But, Syr, for mekell
syns determyned,owith pro contra, that they wote not where
the Chirche hathe nowe that
there abideth no substance of breade after the they are, nor understonde not them selfe; but the consecracion the sacrament the altare shaine that thes proude sophistrers haue beleuest thou not on this ordinaunce of the yelde them inen and before men, maketh Churche? ' And said, Syr, what soeuer pre them ofte foolis, and concluded shame
lates haue ordened
standith euer hooll. WQL.
fully
the Church, our before God.
haue not herde that the Ánd the Archebishop said me, purpose Q
forthe ferye, quatuor temporum Septembris pray you, syr, declare here openly English.
And the Archebishop scid me, per ceiue well ynough wher about thou art, and how the deuell blyndeth the, that thou may not understond the ordinaunce holy chmrche, nor consent thereto but commaunde the now answere me shortly Beleuest thou that, after the consecracion this forsaid Sacrament,
your asking passeth myne understonding, dare nother denye nor graunte for
skole-mater aboute which besyed me ne uer for know and therefore commit
I.
to
to of
ofto be in
to
to ‘I
be so
in I is it
of
to
is
as is
ait ;
of
to
in
to
so
it
& so to in
of to
till :
of
it I onan
to
is in in
to an
in if in
of
is it in I of
of or it ofis
is ofin ye
allis
* be
is I as
I in
it oftoas;
is of
of I
it ys
or he
Iin in of to
in inI
I toofofofof ye isof all
he Iof of to ofof yetoIbe
“
ofI
to
of to I a of
to in to
I as to all ‘ sic
:
is so
I
to
atoor
in
as
is, toit; I ; as
I
:
it,
of
is as to
of it is,to
he
to Iisisanisit:it
;ofit so I
of to
a
195] ST. ATE TRIALS, 8 HENRY IV. 1407. —Trial and Eramination of [195
not to oblige the to the suttyll argumentes of Virgin Mary, Christes mother, and other clerkes, syns thou art viable therto ; but I pur Ymages sayntes ought worshipped.
pose to make the obeye to the determinacion of holy churche. ”—And I said, Syr, by open
fully, and worke therafter charitably. But, offer their cappes thes lettres. Why not Syr, the determinacion of this mater, which than, sins Ymages made with mannes hande, was brought in syns the Fende was losed by we may rede and knowe many diuerse thinges fier Thomas agayn, especially calling the most God, and his sayntes, shall we not wor worshipfull Sacrament of Christes owne body shippe their Ymages *—And sayde with my an accident without subjecte, which terme syns foresaid Protestacyon, say that these worldly
evidence and great witnesse a thousand yeare
after the Incarnation of Christe, the determina
cion which I haue here before you rehearsed thes men receiue their lordes letters, whiche was accepte of holy church, as sufficient to the they and knowe the willes and biddings saluacion of all the in that wolde beleue it faith their lordes worshippe their lordes they
I knowe not that Goddess lawe approueth it in this mater, I dare not graunte; but vtely I
temporal lordes that speake now done case withont synnc but similitude worship Ymages made mannes hande, syns that Moses, Dauid, So lomon, Baruch, and otherseyntes the Bible.
forbidde pleynly the worshipyng soche Ymages.
Than the Archebishop said me, ‘Lewde losell, the olde lawe, before that Christe toke mankind, was likenesse any persone the Trinitie, nother shewed man nor knowen
denye to make this fricr's sentence or ony soche other my beleue, do with me God what thou wilt. —And the Archebishop saide to me, ‘Well,
well, thou shalt say otherwise or that I leaue the. ” *,
“But what saist thon to this Seconde Poynte, that is recorded ageinst the by woorthy men of Shrew isbury, saing, that thou preachest openly there, that Ymages oughte not to be
thys
For earthely kynges and lordes, which use send their letters ensealid with their armes, with their preuy signet, men that are with
them, are worshipped thes men for whan
visages maye
worshipped in ony wise? ”—And I said, Syr, I man: but nowe syns Christe became man. preached neuer thus, nor thorow Gods grace I lefull haue mages shewe his man will not any tyme consent to thinke nor to say hode though many men, which are right thus nother pryuely nor apertly : for, lo! the greate clerkes, and other also helde er Lorde witnesseth by Moses, that the thinges rour peynte the Trinitie, say well done which he made were righte good, and so then make and peynte the Trinitie ynages. they were, and yet they are and shall be good, For great mouing deuocion men, and worshipful in their kynde ; and therefore haue and to behold the Trinitie and other to the ende that God made them to, they are ymages seyntes caruyd, caste, and peynted;
preisable and worshipfull, and specially for beyonde the sea are the beste peynters that man, that was made after the Ymage and like euer saw. And, syrs, tell you this their
messe God, full worshipfull his kynde this holy Ymage, that man, God worship peth; and herefore euery inan shuld worshippe
maner, and goode maner.
ymage makers hall kerue, caste peynte ony images, shall
Whan that moulde, prieste,
other kynde,and also for heauenly vertues and shryue him clene
that men use charitably. Also say, woode,
tynne, gold, syluer, any other mater that
Yimages are made of, all these creatures are
worshipfull their kyude, and the ende that
God made them for but the keruyng, castyng, nor peyntyng ony Ymagery made with
mannes handc, all behit that this doing be ac cepte man hyest state and dignitie, and ordened of them them be kalendar
sholde than dye and take penaunce, and make some certeyn vow fastyng praiynge, pilgrimages
leude men, that nother can nor will learned know God his worde, nother
ony other peynters, vnderstode truely the texte Moses, Dauid, the wise man, Baruch, and other seyntes and doctours, these peynters should moued shryue then
God wyth full inwarde sorowe harte, tak ynge vpon them doo right sharpe penaunce for the synfull and vayne crafte peyntinge, karuynge castinge that they had vsed, pro mising God seithfully neuer aster, knowleging openly before men theyr re prouable earning. And also, syr, thes priestes that shriue (as say) peinters, and injoine
his creatures, nor hys wonderfull and di uers workinges: yet this Yinagery ought not
worshipped the forme nor the likenesse mannes crafte: neuertheless that euery mat ter that peinters peynte with, syns Gods
creature, ought worshipped the kynde, and the ende that God made and ordened
to serue man.
Than the Archebishop said well that body oweth
them promysyng
penaunce,and praye for theire spede,
them helpe their prayers for their synfull craftes, synne herein
me, graunte worshippe
curious
any socile Yinages for them selfe; but cru more greuously than the peynters: for thes
cityse ought worshipped for the passion priestes do comforte and gyue then counsell
Christe that brought ther thorow thus the mages
peynted therein, and that thynge, which great peyne, under mannes mynde and the peyne Goddes curse, they sholde voterly the blessed Trinitie, and forbydde them. For certis, syr, the wonder
doinge, praiyng the prieste specially praye
for hym, that may haue grace faire and deuoute yimage. ”—And doute not thes peynters that
make said, Syr,
speake or,
Y
to
of
so to
to bybe
:
yf
totoorgo to be
:
of
it
ofbe
to
ye
all
no to
to in
of of
is
of into
do
or of
yf it to
of
be he I of to I to
of as I ofto
to do to
be by to ; to
to
is I
‘I a
in it is
a
in
to
of inof in
of is be
to in or
in
dobe toororantoitof is
byof, ofdo
to ofIitto: is selo
of is ye
in
nobeof of so in
ye ofheoristo toof ofasa
ofin
no
do yin
ofit to
all he toofIofto
doofof yeIof it in he
to to in in is yesotoatoit in
:
is an of:
to to of Ia to of all of orto
* 37J STATE TRIALS, 8 IIENRY IV. 1807–31aster William Thorpe, for resy. [193
foll werking God, and the holy iyuynge and London, our Lady Walsingham, and many
teachynge Christe, and his apostles and other duerse places England, many great
Prophetes, were inade knowen the people and preisable miracles done: shulde not the holy lyuynge, and true and besy teachynge Ymagis soche holy seyntis and placis, priestes; these thynges (syr) were sufficient the reuerence God and our Lady, and other
bokes and kalendares nowe God and seyntis, more worshippid than other placis his sayntes, without ony yimages made with and ymages wher soche miracles done
mannes hond: but certis the vicious lyuynge —And said, Sir, ther no soche vertue
of priestes, and their couetousnesse, are chete
cause this errour, and other viciousnesse that reigneth among the people.
Than the Archet,ishop said unto me, holde the vicious priest and acurste, and them that are thy secte; for priestes holy Chirche, and yimages that moue men
deuocion, thou and soche other about
destroy. Losell, ware feire thing come vertue yīnagery made with mannis hande, into Chirche, and see therein none Ymage and herefor body sholde vowe them, nor And said, Syr, they that come the Chyrch
for pray deuoutly the Lorde God, may
their inwarde wittes the more feruent, that
all their outwarde wittes be closed fro all out for the most worthy soche yanagis, the ward feynge and hearing, and fro distro brasen serpente Moyses made Goddis blaunce and lettingis. And syns Christe blessed bidding, the goode kyng Ezechie destroied wor then that saw him not bodely, and haue be thily and thankefully, for bycause
leuyd feithfully hym; sufficeth than
men, thorow hearing and knowing Goddis
worde, and doo there after, for beleue
God, though they see neuer ymagis made with
mannis hande, after ony person the Trinitie, how they speake and write miracles that
said losell,
say the, make and
ony other seynte. --And the Archebishop
me with feruent spyrite, that right well done
nankynde, likenesse Trinitie was shewid men said was not than lefull but now say, syns Christe
lefull make and haue
ynage the Trinitie,
not stiering thinge beholde
haue
thou
soche ynage *-And said, Sir, said right now, that the olde lawe, Christetoke
the Trinite, and also otherseyntis. But, syr,
this thing wolde learne you, syns the Father
said, “The sinagogue Jucs hadde not au thorite approue thes thingis, the Chirche Christe hathe nowe. —And said, Sir, seint Gregory was great man the newe lawe, and
peyntid and she wid, sufficeth them thint membres holy Chirche; but syns thou
art rotten membre, cutt away from holy
what saist
ony person the wherefore, sir,
haue yimagis; becomen man,
ymage
Heuen, and euery person the Trinite
was without beginnyng God Almighty, and
many holy prophetis that wer dedely men wer
martiresed violently the olde lawé, and also sir, syns the Father Hicuen that God many men and women than died holy confes his Godhead, the moste unknowen thing that *ours: why was not than lefull and ne may be, and the moste wonderfull spyrit, hauy
cessarie now have made yimage the
Father Heuen, and haue made and hadde
other ymagis marties, prophetis, and holy
confessours, haue ben kalendaris aduise
men, and move them deuocion, say
that ymagis now doo —And the Archebishop ymagis the Trinitic, and other ymagis
Chirche, thou fauercist not the ordinaunce great dignitie: and the common lawe wit thereof. But syns the dayc passith, leaue we
nessith, commendid greatly bishop, that this matter. ’
forbadde terly the yimagis made with man And than he said me: “What saist thou
uis hande, sholde worshipped.
And the Archebishop said, ‘Vngracious lo
sell, thou fauerist no more trewthe than an bounde, syns the roode the northe dore
the Thirde Poynte that certificq against the, preching openly Shrewistury, that pil grimage not left:12 And ouer, this thou saidist, that those inch and woulen that
ony ymagery, that ony yimagis sholde herefore
worshipped wherefore am certein, that
ther miracle done God ony place erthe, because that ony ynagis made with mannis hande sholde worshippid. And here
fore, Sir, preached openly Shrewisbury and other placis, say now here before you, that body sholde truste that ther war ony
scake them, nor kncle them, nor bow theim, nor pray them, nor offer any thinge them, nor kysse them, nor cncense them:
we's en goode hede
Seynt Au Seynt John
shall done now the last ende the worlde, dreade, that for the vinteithfulnesse
men and women, the Fende hath great power for worke mauy the miracles that now done soche placis: for bothe men and women delyte now more for heare and knowe mi racles, than they knowe Goddis worde,
hear effectuously. Wherfore the great confusion them that thus doo, Christe saith, “The gnacion adulterers re quireth tokyns, miracles and wonders. ' Neuer thelesse diucrse scyntis say, now whan the feithe God published Christendome, the worde of God sufficeth mannis saluacion without soche miracles; and thus also the worde of God sufficeth all teithfull men and women, without ony soche yimagis. But, goode
censed. Therefore, sir, men take the writing and the lerning
gustine, Seynt Gregory, and
Chrisostome, and otherseyntis and doctours,
ing shape likenesse ony members ony dedely creature; what likenesse
what ymage may God the Father shewide peintyd –And the Archebishop said, “As
holy Chirche hath sufferid and yet sufferith the
at
to
of toit to
I in
of all
at
all
at
‘I toarbeorof orittoto inbe
go ou
to
is
of of no
as
of
be of at
in to is
ofis ono:of or of do of in of to to I no
inat
he of of
of it is
or
to
9f by
he v
to
of as
an ysan
of a
a
be a
to
of a aIanas istoto
in
in
ofye to of ye to
to
by
as
in
of
to
to ;ofI
beto
in
of to
of
it
it a
to
as of
an or ye “I of to
to of
to
all
to
as to
ye of
all
go
ain totois
lo
is
inno no I
to
of of of at of ofof it to
ar II, at
in
to
of is I
it
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toye itit ye no is
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199] STATE TRIALS, 8 IIENny IV. 1407. -Trial and Eramination of (Zoo
ilgrimagis to Canterbery, to Beuerley, to Kar and how laborious and joiful they wer sowe
and plante vertues. Thes heuenly condi cions and soche other haue the pilgremis, en deuer them for haue, whose pilgrimagie God acceptith. And ageyne saide, their werkis shew the moste part men and women that
F.
to Walsinghame, and to ony soche other placis, ar accursed, and made foolisch,
spending their goodes in waste. "—And I said,
sir, by this Certificacion I am accused to you,
that I sholde teache that no pilgrimage is lefull.
T}ut I said neuer thus: for I knowe that ther now pilgrimagis have not thes forsaid con
be trew Pilgrimagis, and lefull and full plesaunt
to God: and therefore, sir, how so euer myne
enemies haue certifica you of me, I tolde at
Shrewisbury of two maner of pilgrimagis. -And
the Archei, shop said to me, “whom callest thou
trewe pilgrimes ' And I said, Sir, with my Pro
testacion I call them trewe pilgremis träuelyn
toward the blisse of Heuen, which in the state,
degree or ordre that God calleth them, doo besy
them seithfully for to occupie their wittes bo
dely and gostely, knowe trewly and keape
feithfully the biddinges God, hatyng and
fleyng the seuen dedely synncs, and euery bodies than their soules, more for haue braunche them, reulying them verteuously richesse and prosperitie thys worlde, than (as said before) with their wittes, doyng for enryched withovertues their souls, discretely, wilfully and gladly the werkis more have here worldely and fleschely friend mercy bodely and gostely after their connyng ship, than for have friendship God and and power, ablying them the gyftes the his seintes Heuen. For whatsoeuer thing IHoly Goste, disposing them receyue their man woman dothe, the friendship God, toules, and holde therin the right blessinges nor ony other seynte, cannot hadde
ditions, nor loueth besy them feithfully for have. I’or well know, syns have full ofte assaide, examyne whosoever will twentie
thes pilgrimis, and shall not fynde thre men women that knowe surely commaund ment God, nor can say their Pater-noster and Ave-maria, nor their Credo redely ony maner language. And have learnid and also know somewhat experience thes same pilgrimis, tellyng the cause why that many men and women hither and thither now pilgrimages, more for the helthe their
Christe, beseyng them knowe and képe without keeping Goddis commaundementis. the seuene principall vertues; and than they Forther with my protestacion say now
shall obteyne here thorow grace for use said Shrewisbury, though they that haue thankfully God the condicions cha fleschely willes trauell fer their bodies, and ritie, and than they shall moouyd with the spendemekill money seake and visite the good spirite God for examyne ofte and bonys ymagis (as they say they do) this diligently their conscience, that nother wilfully seynte that soche Is no
hauyng continually (as frailte will suffer) seinte God: syns effect soche pilgrimes their besinesse drede and flee the offence despise God and his commaundmentis and
God, and looue ouer thing, and seke seyitis. For the commaundmentis God they euer sloo pleasaunt will. these pil will nother knowe nor keape, nor conforme gremis said, what ever goode thought that them lyue verteuously example Christe they ony tyine thinke, what verteuous worde and his seyntis. Wherefore syr, haue pre that they speake, and what fruitefull worke that chid and taucht openly, and purpose
they worke, euery soche thoughte, worde and my lyfe time with Gods helpe, saying that
ful God nor ony nor wittingly they erre ony article beleue, ther praisable nor thank
werke steppe noumbered God toward hym into ileuene. Thes forsaid pilgremis God delyte sore whan they heare seyntis
soche fond people wast blamefully Gods goods ther veyne pilgrimagis, spending their goodes upon vicious hostelers, which ofte vncleme verieuous men and women, how they forsoke women their bodies; and the leste those
wilfully the prosperity this lyfe, how they goodes with the which thei shoulde doo werkis
withstode the suggestion the Fende, how they restreined their fieschly lustes; how discrete they wer their penaunce doyng; how patient they wer their adversites, how prudent they wer counceling men and women, moouyug them hate synne, and flye
them, and shame euer greatly thereof, and love vertucs, and draw them, yma
ginyng how Christe and folowers example hym, suffered skornis and sclaunders, and
mercie after Goddis bidding poore medy men and women. Thes poor mennis goodes and their lyuelode thes runners about offer riche priestis, which have mekill more lyuelode than they neade; and thus those goodes they waste wilfully, and speude theim vnjustely ageinst Goddis bidding upon straungers, with which they sholde helpe and releue after God dis will their poor medy neighbours home: and ouer this foly, ofte tymes diuerse men and
how paciently they abode and toke the wrong women thes runners thus madly hither and
full manasyng tyrauntis, how homely they wer and serusable poore men, relieue and comforte them bodely and gostely after their power and connyng, and how deuote they wer
praiers, how feruent they wer heuenly de
syres, and how they absented them fro specta cles veyne seyngis, and hearingis, and how
stable they were lett and destroye vices,
thither pilgrimage borowe hereto other mennis goodes, and sometyme they stele mennis goodes hereto, and they pay them neuer agein. Also sir, know well that whan diuerse men and women will thus after their own willes, and fynding out one pilgrimage, they will orden with them before haue with then
both men and women that can well syng wan
to
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to
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it is
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as
201] STATE TRIAis, 8 HENRY IV. 1407. -Master Hilliam Thorpe, for Iseresy. [202
ton songes, and some other pilgremis will haue ony sermonne. ' But said, Sir, lusty men with them bagge pipes; so that euery towne and worldly louers delyte and couet, and tra they come throwe, what with the noyse of their uell haue their witts quickened and synging, and with the sounde of their piping,
and with the jangelyng of their Canterbury bellis, and with the barkyng out of doggis after them, that they make more noise than if the kyng came there awaye with his clarions,
sharpened with diuerse sensible solace but all the feithfull louers and lowers of Christe haue
and many other menstrelles. And these
men and women moneth their pilgri him thing, quyckeneth and sharpeneth
mage, many them shall halfyear after great jangelers, tale-tellers and lyers.
And the Archebishop said me, ‘Leude losell, thou seest not ferreyhough this mater, for thou considerest not the great trauell pilgremys, therfore thou blamest that thing that
praisable. say the that right well done, that pilgremys haue with them both syngers, and also pipers, that whan one them that goeth barfote striketh his too upon stone and hurteth hym sore, and maketh hym
blede well done that he his felow
begyn than songe, else take out his bo
some bagge-pype for driue away with
soche myrthe the hurte his felow. For
with soche solace the trauell and werinesse off
pylgremes lightely and merily broughte
forthe. "—And said, ‘Sir, seynte Paule teach title tythes And said, ‘Sir, named ther eth men wepe with them that wepe. ” And no worde tithes my preaching. But, the abp. said, ‘What janglist thou ageinst more than moneth after that was arreasted mennis deuocion what soeuer thov soch there prysone, man came me the other say, say that the pilgrimage that now pryson askynge me what sayde tythes. used, them that doo praysable and And saide him, Sir, this towne are many fo. meane come the rather grace. But clerkes and priestes, which some are called
holde the unable know this grace; for religious men, though many them secu
their delyte heare Goddis worde, and vnderstond truely, and worke therafter faithfully and continually. For doute
dreade offende God, and loue please
the wittes Christes chosen people and ableth them grace, that they joye greatly
withdrawe their eares, and all their wittes and membres frome worldly delyte, and from fleschly solace for sewnt Jerome (as thinke) saith, “No body may joye with this worlde, and reigne with Christe. ' And the abp. (as had been displeased with myne answere) said his clerkes, ‘What gesse
this ydiote will speake there, wher hath none dreade, syns speaketh thus nowe here
my presence Well, well,
ordened for.