that the former
accompanied
the latter into Asia.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
But one of these According to Arrian (vii.
4), she was the daughter
(17) bears the name of " Anyte of Mytilene," and of Spitamenes, the Bactrian, but Strabo (xii
. p.
the same epigram may be fixed, by internal evi. 578) calls her, erroneously, the daughter of Arta-
dence, at 279 B. C. (Jacobs, xiii. p. 853. ) And bazus. (Comp. Appian. Syr. 57; and Liv. Ixxviii.
since it is very common in the Anthology for epi-13, who also makes a mistake in calling her the
grams to be ascribed to an author simply by name, sister, instead of the wife, of Seleucus ; Sieph. Byz
without a distinctive title, even when there was 8. τ. 'Απάμεια)
more than one epigrammatist of the same name, 2. The daughter of Antiochus Soter, married to
there is nothing to prevent the epigrams which Magas. (Paus. i. 7. $ 3. )
bear traces of a later date being referred to Anyte 3. The daughter of Alexander of Megalopolis,
of Mytilene.
[P. S. ) married to Amynander, king of the Athamanes,
ANYTUS ("AVUTOS), a Titan who was be about B. c. 208. (Appian, Syr. 13; Lir. xxxv.
lieved to have brought up the goddess Despoena. 47, who calls her Apamia. )
In an Arcadian temple his statue stood by the side APANCHO'MENE ("Atayxouévn), the stran-
of Despoena's. (Paus. viii. 37. $ 3. ) (L. S. ] gled (goddess), a surname of Artemis, the origin of
A'NYTUS ("AVUtos), an Athenian, son of which is thus related by Pausanias. (viii. 23. & 5. )
Anthemion, was the most influential and formid. In the neighbourhood of the town of Caphyae in
able of the accusers of Socrates. (Plat. Apol. p. Arcadia, in a place called Condylea, there was a
18, b. ; Hor. Sat. ii
. 4. 3. ) His father is said to sacred grove of Artemis Condyleatis. On one oc-
have made a large fortune as a tanner, and to have casion when some boys were playing in this grove,
transmitted it, together with his trade, to his son. they put a string round the goddess' statue, and
(Plat. Men. p. 90, a. ; Xen. Apol. $ 29; Schol. ad said in their jokes they would strangle Artemis.
Plat. Apol. 1. c. ) Anytus seems to have been a Some of the inhabitants of Caphyae who found the
man of loose principles and habits, and Plutarch boys thus engaged in their sport, stoned them to
alludes (Alc. p. 193, d, e. ; Amat. p. 762, c, d. ) to death. After this occurrence, all the women of
his intimate and apparently disreputable connexion Caphyae had premature births, and all the children
with Alcibiades. In B. C. 409, he was sent with were brought dead into the world. This calamity
30 ships to relieve Pylos, which the Lacedaemo- did not cease until the boys were honourably bu-
nians were besieging; but he was prevented by ried, and an annual sacrifice to their manes was
bad weather from doubling Malea, and was obliged instituted in accordance with the command of an
to return to Athens. Here he was brought to trial oracle of Apollo. The surname of Condyleatis was
on the charge of having acted treacherously, and, then changed into Apanchomene. (L. S. )
according to Diodorus and Plutarch, who mention APATU'RIA ('Anatoupla or 'Arrétoupos), that
this as the first instance of such corruption at is, the deceitful. 1. A surname of Athena, which
Athens, escaped death only by bribing the judges. was given to her by Aethra (Paus. ii. 33. $ 1. )
(Xen. Hell. i. 2. $ 18; Diod. xiii. 64; Plut. Cor. (AETHRA. ]
p. 220, b. ; Aristot. ap. Harpocr. s. v. Aerátwv. 2. A surname of Aphrodite at Phanagoria and
But see Thirlwall’s Greece, rol. iv. p. 94. ) He other places in the Taurian Chersonesus, where it
appears to have been, in politics, a leading and in- originated, according to tradition, in this way :
fluential man, to have attached himself to the Aphrodite was attacked by giants, and called He-
democratic party, and to have been driven into racles to her assistance. He concealed himself
banishment during the usurpation of the 30 tyrants, with her in a cavern, and as the giants approached
B. C. 404. Xenophon makes Theramenes join his her one by one, she surrendered them to Heracles
name with that of Thrasybulus; and Lysias men- to kill them. (Sırab. xi. p. 495; Suph. Byz. s. t.
tions him as a leader of the exiles at Phyle, and 'ATátovpor. )
(L. S. )
records an instance of his prudence and moderation APATU'RIUS, of Alabanda, a scene-painter,
in that capacity. (Plat. Men. p. 90 ; Apol. p. whose mode of painting the scene of the little
23, e. ; Xen. Apol. § 29; Hell. ii. 3. $$ 42, 44; theatre at Tralles is described by Vitruvius, with
Lys. C. Agor. p. 137. ) The grounds of his enmity the criticism made upon it by Licinius. (Vitruv.
to Socrates seem to have been partly professional vii. 5. $S 5, 6. )
[P. S. ]
and partly personal. (Plat. Apol. pp. 21--23; APELLAS or APOLLAS ('Anellás, 'ATOA-
Xen. Mem. i. 2. $$ 37, 38; Apol. § 29; Plat. nâs). 1. The author of a work lepl Twy év
Men. p. 94, in fin. ) The Athenians, according to nenofovvnou rólew(Athen. ix. p. 369, a. ) and
Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 43), having repented of Aeroká. (Clem. Alex. Protr. p. 31, a. , Paris,
their condenination of Socrates, put Meletus to 1629. ) He appears to be the same as Apellas,
death, and sent Anytus and Lycon into banish- | the geographer, of Cyrene. (Marc. Heracl. p. 63,
## p. 221 (#241) ############################################
APELLES
221
APELLES.
Huds. ) Comp. Quintil
. xi. 2. $ 14; Böckh, Praef. of Apelles with Alexander, we may safely conclude
ud Schol. Pind. p. xxiii. , &c.
that the former accompanied the latter into Asia.
2. A sceptical philosopher. (Diog. Laërt. ix. 106. ) After Alexander's death he appears to have
APELLAS ('Atenas), a sculptor, who made, travelled through the western parts of Asia. To
in bronze, statues of worshipping females (adorantes this period we may probably refer his visit to
feminas, Plin. xxxiv. 19. § 26). He made the Rhodes and his intercourse with Protogenes. (See
slatue of Cynisca, who conquered in the chariot- below. ) Being driven by a storm to Alexandria,
race at Olympia. (Paus. vi. 1. § 2. ) Cynisca after the assumption of the regal title by Ptolemy,
was sister to Agesilaus, king of Sparta, who died whose favour he had not gained while he was with
at the age of 84, in 362 B. C. Therefore the vic- Alexander, liis rivals laid a plot to ruin him, which
tory of Cynisca, and the time when Apellas flou- he defeated by an ingenious use of his skill in
rished, may be placed about 400 B. C. His name drawing. (Plin. xxxv. 36. & 13. ) Lucian relates
indicates his Doric origin. (Tölken, Amalthea, iii. that Apelles was accused by his rival Antiphilus
p. 128. )
[P. S. ) of having bad a share in the conspiracy of Theo-
APELLES ('Atelins). 1. One of the guar- dotus at Tyre, and that when Ptolemy discovered
dians of Philip V. , king of Macedonia. [Phi the falsehood of the charge, he presented Apelles
Lippus V. )
with a hundred talents, and gave Antiphilus to
2. Perhaps a son of the preceding, was a friend him as a slave : A pelles commemorated the event
of Philip V. , and accompanied his son Demetrius in an allegorical picture. (De Calumn. lix. &S 2-
to Rome, B. c. 183. (Polyb. xxii. 14, &c. , xxiv. 1. ) 6, vol. iii. pp. 127—132. ) Lucian's words imply
3. Of Ascalon, was the chief tragic poet in the that be had seen this picture, but he may have
time of Caligula, with whom he lived on the most been mistaken in ascribing it to A pelles. He
intimate terms. (Philo, Legat. ad Caium, p. 790; seems also to speak of A pelles as if he had been
Dion Cass. lix. 5 ; Suet. Cal. 33. )
living at Ptolemy's court before this event oc-
APELLES ('Arenñs), the most celebrated of curred. If, therefore, Pliny and Lucian are both
Grecian painters, was born, most probably, at to be believed, we may conclude, from comparing
Colophon in Ionia (Suidas, s. v. ), though Pliny their tales, that Apelles, having been accidentally
(xxxv. 36. § 10) and Ovid (Art
. Am. iii. 401 ; driven to Alexandria, overcame the dislike which
Pont. iv, 1. 29) call him a Coan. The account Ptolemy bore to him, and remained in Egypt dur-
of Strabo (xiv. p. 642) and Lucian (De Calumn. ing the latter part of his life, enjoying the favour
lix. 8$ 2, 6), that he was an Ephesian, may be ex- of that king, in spite of the schemes of his rivals to
plained from the statements of Suidas, that he was disgrace him. The account of his life cannot be
made a citizen at Ephesus, and that he studied carried further; we are not told when or where he
painting there under Ephorus. He afterwards died; but from the above facts his date can be
studied under Pamphilus of Amphipolis, to whom fixed, since he practised his art before the death of
he paid the fee of a talent for a ten-years' course of Philip (B. C. 336), and after the assumption of the
instruction. (Suidas, s. v. ; Plin. xxxv. 36. $ 8. ) regal title by Ptolemy. (B. c. 306. ) As the result
At a later period, when he had already gained a of a minute examination of all the facts, Tölken
high reputation, he went to Sicyon, and again paid (Amalth. iii. pp. 117–119) places him between
a talent for admission into the school of Melan- | 352 and 308 B. C. According to Pliny, he fou-
thius, whom he assisted in his portrait of the rished about the 112th Olympiad, B. c. 332.
tyrant Aristratus. (Plut. Arat. 13. ) By this Many anecdotes are preserved of Apelles and
course of study he acquired the scientific accuracy his contemporaries, which throw an interesting
of the Sicyonian school, as well as the elegance of light both on his personal and his professional cha-
the lonic.
racter. He was ready to acknowledge that in some
The best part of the life of A pelles was probably points he was excelled by other artists, as by Am-
spent at the court of Philip and Alexander the phion in grouping and by Asclepiodorus in per-
Great ; for Pliny speaks of the great number of his spective. (Plin. xxxv. 36. $ 10. ) He first caused
portraits of both those princes (xxxv. 36. § 16), the merits of Protogenes to be understood. Coming
and states that he was the only person whom to Rhodes, and finding that the works of Proto-
Alexander would permit to take his portrait. (vii. genes were scarcely valued at all by his country-
38; see also Cic. ad Fam. v. 12. & 13; Hor. men, he offered him fifty talents for a single
Ep. ii. 1. 239; Valer. Max. viii. 11. § 2, ext; picture, and spread the report that he meant to sell
Arrian, Anab. i. 16. $ 7. ) A pelles enjoyed the the picture again as his own. (Plin. ib. & 13. ) In
friendship of Alexander, who used to visit him in speaking of the great artists who were his con-
his studio. In one of these visits, when the king's temporaries, he ascribed to them every possible
conversation was exposing his ignorance of art, excellence except one, namely, grace, which he
A pelles politely advised him to be silent, as the claimed for himself alone. (10. $ 10. )
boys who were grinding the colours were laughing Throughout his whole life, A pelles laboured to
at him. (Plin. xxxv. 36. $ 12. ) Plutarch relates improve himself, especially in drawing, which he
this speech as having been made to Megabyzus. never spent a day without practising. (Plin. ib.
(De Trang. Anim. 12, p. 471, f. ) Aelian tells the § 12; hence the proverb Nulla dies sine linea. )
anecdote of Zeuxis and Megabyzus. (lar. Hist. ii. The tale of his contest with Protogenes afiords an
2. ) Pliny (l. c. ) also tells us that Apelles, having example both of the skill to which A pelles attained
been commissioned by Alexander to paint his fa- in this portion of his art, and of the importance
vourite concubine, Campaspe (Ilaykdotn, Aelian, attached to it in all the great schools of Greece.
Par. Hist. xii. 34), naked, fell in love with her, A pelles had sailed to Rhodes, eager to meet
upon which Alexander gave her to him as a pre Protogenes. Upon landing, he went straight to
sent; and according to some she was the model of that artist's studio. Protogenes was absent, but a
the painter's best picture, the Venus Anadyomene. large panel ready to be painted on hung in the
From all the information we have of the connexion studio. A pelles seized the pencil, and drew an
## p. 222 (#242) ############################################
222
APELLES.
APELLES.
excessively thin coloured line on the panel, by A list of the works of Apelles is given by Pliny,
which Protogenes, on his return, at once guessed (xxxv. 36. ) They are for the most part single
who had been his visitor, and in his turn drew a figures, or groups of a very few figures. Of his
still thinner line of a different colour upon or within portraits the most celebrated was thai of Alexander
the former (according to the reading of the recent wielding a thunderbolt, which was known as o
editions of Pliny, in illa ipsa). When Apelles re-kepauvooópos, and which gave occasion to the say-
turned and saw the lines, ashamed to be defeated, ing, that of two Alexanders, the one, the son of
says Pliny," tertio colore lineas secuit, nullum re Philip, was invincible, the other, he of Apelles, in-
linquens amplius subtilitati locum. " (16. $11. ) The imitable. (Plul Fort. Aler. 2, 3. ) In this picture,
most natural explanation of this difficult passage the thunderbolt and the hand which held it ap-
seems to be, that down the middle of the first line of peared to stand out of the panel; and, to aid this
A pelles, Protogenes drew another so as to divide it effect, the artist did not scruple to represent Alex-
into two parallel halves, and that A pelles again ander's complexion as dark, though it was really
divided the line of Protogenes in the same manner. light. (Plut. Alex. 4. ) The price of this picture
Pliny speaks of the three lines as visum effugientes. * | was twenty talents. Another of his portraits, that
The panel was preserved, and carried to Rome, of Antigonus, has been celebrated for its conceal-
where it remained, exciting more wonder than allment of the loss of the king's eye, by representing
the other works of art in the palace of the Caesars, his face in profile. He also painted a portrait of
till it was destroyed by fire with that building. himself. Among his allegorical pictures was one
Of the means which Apelles took to ensure ac- representing Castor and Pollux, with Victory and
curacy, the following example is given. He used Alexander the Great, how grouped we are not
to expose his finished pictures to view in a public told ; and another in which the figure of War,
place, while he hid himself behind the picture to with his hands tied behind his back, followed the
hear the criticisms of the passers-by. A cobbler triumphal car of Alexander. “ He also painted,"
detected a fault in the shoes of a figure : the next says Pliny, “things which cannot be painted,
day he found that the fault was corrected, and thunders and lightnings, which they call Bronte,
was proceeding to criticise the leg, when A pelles Astrape, and Ceramobolia" These were clearly
rushed from behind the picture, and commanded allegorical figures.
(17) bears the name of " Anyte of Mytilene," and of Spitamenes, the Bactrian, but Strabo (xii
. p.
the same epigram may be fixed, by internal evi. 578) calls her, erroneously, the daughter of Arta-
dence, at 279 B. C. (Jacobs, xiii. p. 853. ) And bazus. (Comp. Appian. Syr. 57; and Liv. Ixxviii.
since it is very common in the Anthology for epi-13, who also makes a mistake in calling her the
grams to be ascribed to an author simply by name, sister, instead of the wife, of Seleucus ; Sieph. Byz
without a distinctive title, even when there was 8. τ. 'Απάμεια)
more than one epigrammatist of the same name, 2. The daughter of Antiochus Soter, married to
there is nothing to prevent the epigrams which Magas. (Paus. i. 7. $ 3. )
bear traces of a later date being referred to Anyte 3. The daughter of Alexander of Megalopolis,
of Mytilene.
[P. S. ) married to Amynander, king of the Athamanes,
ANYTUS ("AVUTOS), a Titan who was be about B. c. 208. (Appian, Syr. 13; Lir. xxxv.
lieved to have brought up the goddess Despoena. 47, who calls her Apamia. )
In an Arcadian temple his statue stood by the side APANCHO'MENE ("Atayxouévn), the stran-
of Despoena's. (Paus. viii. 37. $ 3. ) (L. S. ] gled (goddess), a surname of Artemis, the origin of
A'NYTUS ("AVUtos), an Athenian, son of which is thus related by Pausanias. (viii. 23. & 5. )
Anthemion, was the most influential and formid. In the neighbourhood of the town of Caphyae in
able of the accusers of Socrates. (Plat. Apol. p. Arcadia, in a place called Condylea, there was a
18, b. ; Hor. Sat. ii
. 4. 3. ) His father is said to sacred grove of Artemis Condyleatis. On one oc-
have made a large fortune as a tanner, and to have casion when some boys were playing in this grove,
transmitted it, together with his trade, to his son. they put a string round the goddess' statue, and
(Plat. Men. p. 90, a. ; Xen. Apol. $ 29; Schol. ad said in their jokes they would strangle Artemis.
Plat. Apol. 1. c. ) Anytus seems to have been a Some of the inhabitants of Caphyae who found the
man of loose principles and habits, and Plutarch boys thus engaged in their sport, stoned them to
alludes (Alc. p. 193, d, e. ; Amat. p. 762, c, d. ) to death. After this occurrence, all the women of
his intimate and apparently disreputable connexion Caphyae had premature births, and all the children
with Alcibiades. In B. C. 409, he was sent with were brought dead into the world. This calamity
30 ships to relieve Pylos, which the Lacedaemo- did not cease until the boys were honourably bu-
nians were besieging; but he was prevented by ried, and an annual sacrifice to their manes was
bad weather from doubling Malea, and was obliged instituted in accordance with the command of an
to return to Athens. Here he was brought to trial oracle of Apollo. The surname of Condyleatis was
on the charge of having acted treacherously, and, then changed into Apanchomene. (L. S. )
according to Diodorus and Plutarch, who mention APATU'RIA ('Anatoupla or 'Arrétoupos), that
this as the first instance of such corruption at is, the deceitful. 1. A surname of Athena, which
Athens, escaped death only by bribing the judges. was given to her by Aethra (Paus. ii. 33. $ 1. )
(Xen. Hell. i. 2. $ 18; Diod. xiii. 64; Plut. Cor. (AETHRA. ]
p. 220, b. ; Aristot. ap. Harpocr. s. v. Aerátwv. 2. A surname of Aphrodite at Phanagoria and
But see Thirlwall’s Greece, rol. iv. p. 94. ) He other places in the Taurian Chersonesus, where it
appears to have been, in politics, a leading and in- originated, according to tradition, in this way :
fluential man, to have attached himself to the Aphrodite was attacked by giants, and called He-
democratic party, and to have been driven into racles to her assistance. He concealed himself
banishment during the usurpation of the 30 tyrants, with her in a cavern, and as the giants approached
B. C. 404. Xenophon makes Theramenes join his her one by one, she surrendered them to Heracles
name with that of Thrasybulus; and Lysias men- to kill them. (Sırab. xi. p. 495; Suph. Byz. s. t.
tions him as a leader of the exiles at Phyle, and 'ATátovpor. )
(L. S. )
records an instance of his prudence and moderation APATU'RIUS, of Alabanda, a scene-painter,
in that capacity. (Plat. Men. p. 90 ; Apol. p. whose mode of painting the scene of the little
23, e. ; Xen. Apol. § 29; Hell. ii. 3. $$ 42, 44; theatre at Tralles is described by Vitruvius, with
Lys. C. Agor. p. 137. ) The grounds of his enmity the criticism made upon it by Licinius. (Vitruv.
to Socrates seem to have been partly professional vii. 5. $S 5, 6. )
[P. S. ]
and partly personal. (Plat. Apol. pp. 21--23; APELLAS or APOLLAS ('Anellás, 'ATOA-
Xen. Mem. i. 2. $$ 37, 38; Apol. § 29; Plat. nâs). 1. The author of a work lepl Twy év
Men. p. 94, in fin. ) The Athenians, according to nenofovvnou rólew(Athen. ix. p. 369, a. ) and
Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 43), having repented of Aeroká. (Clem. Alex. Protr. p. 31, a. , Paris,
their condenination of Socrates, put Meletus to 1629. ) He appears to be the same as Apellas,
death, and sent Anytus and Lycon into banish- | the geographer, of Cyrene. (Marc. Heracl. p. 63,
## p. 221 (#241) ############################################
APELLES
221
APELLES.
Huds. ) Comp. Quintil
. xi. 2. $ 14; Böckh, Praef. of Apelles with Alexander, we may safely conclude
ud Schol. Pind. p. xxiii. , &c.
that the former accompanied the latter into Asia.
2. A sceptical philosopher. (Diog. Laërt. ix. 106. ) After Alexander's death he appears to have
APELLAS ('Atenas), a sculptor, who made, travelled through the western parts of Asia. To
in bronze, statues of worshipping females (adorantes this period we may probably refer his visit to
feminas, Plin. xxxiv. 19. § 26). He made the Rhodes and his intercourse with Protogenes. (See
slatue of Cynisca, who conquered in the chariot- below. ) Being driven by a storm to Alexandria,
race at Olympia. (Paus. vi. 1. § 2. ) Cynisca after the assumption of the regal title by Ptolemy,
was sister to Agesilaus, king of Sparta, who died whose favour he had not gained while he was with
at the age of 84, in 362 B. C. Therefore the vic- Alexander, liis rivals laid a plot to ruin him, which
tory of Cynisca, and the time when Apellas flou- he defeated by an ingenious use of his skill in
rished, may be placed about 400 B. C. His name drawing. (Plin. xxxv. 36. & 13. ) Lucian relates
indicates his Doric origin. (Tölken, Amalthea, iii. that Apelles was accused by his rival Antiphilus
p. 128. )
[P. S. ) of having bad a share in the conspiracy of Theo-
APELLES ('Atelins). 1. One of the guar- dotus at Tyre, and that when Ptolemy discovered
dians of Philip V. , king of Macedonia. [Phi the falsehood of the charge, he presented Apelles
Lippus V. )
with a hundred talents, and gave Antiphilus to
2. Perhaps a son of the preceding, was a friend him as a slave : A pelles commemorated the event
of Philip V. , and accompanied his son Demetrius in an allegorical picture. (De Calumn. lix. &S 2-
to Rome, B. c. 183. (Polyb. xxii. 14, &c. , xxiv. 1. ) 6, vol. iii. pp. 127—132. ) Lucian's words imply
3. Of Ascalon, was the chief tragic poet in the that be had seen this picture, but he may have
time of Caligula, with whom he lived on the most been mistaken in ascribing it to A pelles. He
intimate terms. (Philo, Legat. ad Caium, p. 790; seems also to speak of A pelles as if he had been
Dion Cass. lix. 5 ; Suet. Cal. 33. )
living at Ptolemy's court before this event oc-
APELLES ('Arenñs), the most celebrated of curred. If, therefore, Pliny and Lucian are both
Grecian painters, was born, most probably, at to be believed, we may conclude, from comparing
Colophon in Ionia (Suidas, s. v. ), though Pliny their tales, that Apelles, having been accidentally
(xxxv. 36. § 10) and Ovid (Art
. Am. iii. 401 ; driven to Alexandria, overcame the dislike which
Pont. iv, 1. 29) call him a Coan. The account Ptolemy bore to him, and remained in Egypt dur-
of Strabo (xiv. p. 642) and Lucian (De Calumn. ing the latter part of his life, enjoying the favour
lix. 8$ 2, 6), that he was an Ephesian, may be ex- of that king, in spite of the schemes of his rivals to
plained from the statements of Suidas, that he was disgrace him. The account of his life cannot be
made a citizen at Ephesus, and that he studied carried further; we are not told when or where he
painting there under Ephorus. He afterwards died; but from the above facts his date can be
studied under Pamphilus of Amphipolis, to whom fixed, since he practised his art before the death of
he paid the fee of a talent for a ten-years' course of Philip (B. C. 336), and after the assumption of the
instruction. (Suidas, s. v. ; Plin. xxxv. 36. $ 8. ) regal title by Ptolemy. (B. c. 306. ) As the result
At a later period, when he had already gained a of a minute examination of all the facts, Tölken
high reputation, he went to Sicyon, and again paid (Amalth. iii. pp. 117–119) places him between
a talent for admission into the school of Melan- | 352 and 308 B. C. According to Pliny, he fou-
thius, whom he assisted in his portrait of the rished about the 112th Olympiad, B. c. 332.
tyrant Aristratus. (Plut. Arat. 13. ) By this Many anecdotes are preserved of Apelles and
course of study he acquired the scientific accuracy his contemporaries, which throw an interesting
of the Sicyonian school, as well as the elegance of light both on his personal and his professional cha-
the lonic.
racter. He was ready to acknowledge that in some
The best part of the life of A pelles was probably points he was excelled by other artists, as by Am-
spent at the court of Philip and Alexander the phion in grouping and by Asclepiodorus in per-
Great ; for Pliny speaks of the great number of his spective. (Plin. xxxv. 36. $ 10. ) He first caused
portraits of both those princes (xxxv. 36. § 16), the merits of Protogenes to be understood. Coming
and states that he was the only person whom to Rhodes, and finding that the works of Proto-
Alexander would permit to take his portrait. (vii. genes were scarcely valued at all by his country-
38; see also Cic. ad Fam. v. 12. & 13; Hor. men, he offered him fifty talents for a single
Ep. ii. 1. 239; Valer. Max. viii. 11. § 2, ext; picture, and spread the report that he meant to sell
Arrian, Anab. i. 16. $ 7. ) A pelles enjoyed the the picture again as his own. (Plin. ib. & 13. ) In
friendship of Alexander, who used to visit him in speaking of the great artists who were his con-
his studio. In one of these visits, when the king's temporaries, he ascribed to them every possible
conversation was exposing his ignorance of art, excellence except one, namely, grace, which he
A pelles politely advised him to be silent, as the claimed for himself alone. (10. $ 10. )
boys who were grinding the colours were laughing Throughout his whole life, A pelles laboured to
at him. (Plin. xxxv. 36. $ 12. ) Plutarch relates improve himself, especially in drawing, which he
this speech as having been made to Megabyzus. never spent a day without practising. (Plin. ib.
(De Trang. Anim. 12, p. 471, f. ) Aelian tells the § 12; hence the proverb Nulla dies sine linea. )
anecdote of Zeuxis and Megabyzus. (lar. Hist. ii. The tale of his contest with Protogenes afiords an
2. ) Pliny (l. c. ) also tells us that Apelles, having example both of the skill to which A pelles attained
been commissioned by Alexander to paint his fa- in this portion of his art, and of the importance
vourite concubine, Campaspe (Ilaykdotn, Aelian, attached to it in all the great schools of Greece.
Par. Hist. xii. 34), naked, fell in love with her, A pelles had sailed to Rhodes, eager to meet
upon which Alexander gave her to him as a pre Protogenes. Upon landing, he went straight to
sent; and according to some she was the model of that artist's studio. Protogenes was absent, but a
the painter's best picture, the Venus Anadyomene. large panel ready to be painted on hung in the
From all the information we have of the connexion studio. A pelles seized the pencil, and drew an
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222
APELLES.
APELLES.
excessively thin coloured line on the panel, by A list of the works of Apelles is given by Pliny,
which Protogenes, on his return, at once guessed (xxxv. 36. ) They are for the most part single
who had been his visitor, and in his turn drew a figures, or groups of a very few figures. Of his
still thinner line of a different colour upon or within portraits the most celebrated was thai of Alexander
the former (according to the reading of the recent wielding a thunderbolt, which was known as o
editions of Pliny, in illa ipsa). When Apelles re-kepauvooópos, and which gave occasion to the say-
turned and saw the lines, ashamed to be defeated, ing, that of two Alexanders, the one, the son of
says Pliny," tertio colore lineas secuit, nullum re Philip, was invincible, the other, he of Apelles, in-
linquens amplius subtilitati locum. " (16. $11. ) The imitable. (Plul Fort. Aler. 2, 3. ) In this picture,
most natural explanation of this difficult passage the thunderbolt and the hand which held it ap-
seems to be, that down the middle of the first line of peared to stand out of the panel; and, to aid this
A pelles, Protogenes drew another so as to divide it effect, the artist did not scruple to represent Alex-
into two parallel halves, and that A pelles again ander's complexion as dark, though it was really
divided the line of Protogenes in the same manner. light. (Plut. Alex. 4. ) The price of this picture
Pliny speaks of the three lines as visum effugientes. * | was twenty talents. Another of his portraits, that
The panel was preserved, and carried to Rome, of Antigonus, has been celebrated for its conceal-
where it remained, exciting more wonder than allment of the loss of the king's eye, by representing
the other works of art in the palace of the Caesars, his face in profile. He also painted a portrait of
till it was destroyed by fire with that building. himself. Among his allegorical pictures was one
Of the means which Apelles took to ensure ac- representing Castor and Pollux, with Victory and
curacy, the following example is given. He used Alexander the Great, how grouped we are not
to expose his finished pictures to view in a public told ; and another in which the figure of War,
place, while he hid himself behind the picture to with his hands tied behind his back, followed the
hear the criticisms of the passers-by. A cobbler triumphal car of Alexander. “ He also painted,"
detected a fault in the shoes of a figure : the next says Pliny, “things which cannot be painted,
day he found that the fault was corrected, and thunders and lightnings, which they call Bronte,
was proceeding to criticise the leg, when A pelles Astrape, and Ceramobolia" These were clearly
rushed from behind the picture, and commanded allegorical figures.
