1
Backergunge, 236
Badakhshan, its area, 4; held by Ba-
bur, 8; Humayun levies forces in,
12, 143; Humayun returns to, 17:
but leaves, 18; 36; ruled by Sulai-
man, 41; attacked by Kamran, 42;
Akbar plans conquest of, 134; taken
by 'Abdullah II, 144; by Murad
Bakhsh, 203
Badam-chasma, 5
Ladan Singh Jat, 348
Badaun (or Farari) Ghat, 419
Badauni, ori Sher Shah, 57; on Bairam
Khan, and atrocities in Malwa, 79,
80; does r:oi condemn aboliticn of
9
as
## p.
Backergunge, 236
Badakhshan, its area, 4; held by Ba-
bur, 8; Humayun levies forces in,
12, 143; Humayun returns to, 17:
but leaves, 18; 36; ruled by Sulai-
man, 41; attacked by Kamran, 42;
Akbar plans conquest of, 134; taken
by 'Abdullah II, 144; by Murad
Bakhsh, 203
Badam-chasma, 5
Ladan Singh Jat, 348
Badaun (or Farari) Ghat, 419
Badauni, ori Sher Shah, 57; on Bairam
Khan, and atrocities in Malwa, 79,
80; does r:oi condemn aboliticn of
9
as
## p.
Cambridge History of India - v4 - Mugul Period
1755 Alaungpaya annexes country as far as Rangoon (p. 505).
Expedition against Manipur (p. 509).
1756 Burmese capture Syriam (p. 506).
Alaungpaya advances on Pegu (p. 507).
1757 Negrais and site at Bassein ceded to English (p. 505).
1758 Alaungpaya enters Imphal (p. 509).
1759 Massacre of English at Negrais (p. 510).
1760 Alaungpaya takes Tenasserim and invades Siam (p. 510).
Death of Alaungpaya and Naungdawgyi succeeds (pp. 511, 512).
1763 Hsinbyushin succeeds Naungdawgyi (p. 512).
1764 Invasion of Siam (p. 513).
1765 Ava becomes capital (p. 512).
1767 Ayuthia stormed (p. 515).
1768 Paya Tak reoccupies Ayuthia and founds Bangkok (p. 520).
1769 Chinese invasion repelled (p. 517).
1770 Fresh expedition against Manipur (p. 518).
1773 Talaing rebellion (p. 519).
1776 Singu succeeds Hsinbyushin (p. 520).
1782 Singu killed and succeeded by Bodawpaya (p. 522).
Thamada becomes last king of Arakan (p. 482).
si
## p. 617 (#657) ############################################
DYNASTIES AND
GENEALOGICAL TABLES
## p. 618 (#658) ############################################
613
CHRONOLOGY
1. THE MUGHUL EMPERORS OF INDIA
1
A. H.
932
937
(945
962
963
1014
1037
1037
1068
1068
1068
1118
1119
1119
1124
1124
1124
1131
1131
1131
(1132
1161
1167
1173
1173
(1202
1221
1253
Babur, Zahir-ud-din
Humayun, Nasir-ud-din
(Sher Shah, Sur]
Humayun (restored)
Akbar, Jalal-ud-din
Jahangir, Nur-ud-din
Dawar Bakhsh
Shah Jahan, Shihab-ud-din
Murad Bakhsh
Shah Shuja'
Aurangzib 'Alamgir, Muhiy-ud-din
A'zam Shah
Kam Bakhsh
Shah 'Alam Bahadur, Qutb-ud-din
'Azim-ush-Shan
Jahandar Shah, Mu'izz-ud-din
Farrukh-siyar, Muhiy-ud-din
Rafi-ud-Darajat
Shah Jahan II (Rafi'-ud-Daula)
Muhammad Shah, Nasir-ud-din
Ibrahim
Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Mujahid-ud-din
'Alamgir II, 'Aziz-ud-din
Shah Jahan III
Shah 'Alam II, Jalal-ud-din
Bidar Bakht
Muhamad Akbar II, Mu'in-ud-din
Bahadur Shah, II, Siraj-ud-din
A. D.
1526
1530
1538)
1555
1556
1605
1627
1628
1657
1657
1658
1707
1707
1707
1712
1712
1713
1719
1719
1719
1720)
1748
1751
1753
1759
1788)
1806
1837
1
1
## p. 619 (#659) ############################################
1. GENEALOGY OF THE MUGHUL EMPERORS OF INDIA 1
BABUR (1)2
1
'Askari
!
Hindal
Kamran
HUMAYUN (2)
1
AKBAR (3)
JAHANGIR (4)
Murad
Daniyal
Khusrav
Parviz
Shahryar
Khurram,
SHAH JAHAN I (5)
Dawar Bakhsh
I
Dara Shukoh
Shah Shuja'
AURANGZIB (6)
Murad Bakhsh
CHRONOLOGY
1
Mu'azzam,
A'zam Shah
Akbar
Kam Bakhsh
SHAH 'ALAM BAHADUR (7)
1
1
Bidar Bakht
Niku-Siyar
Muhiy-us-Sunnat
1
Muhiy-ud-din
JAHANDAR SHAH (8) 'Azim-ush-Shan
Rafi'-ush-Shan Jahan Shah Shah Jahan III
'ALAMGIR II (14) FARRUKH-SIYAR (9)
MUHAMMAD SHAH (12)
1
)
'Ali Gauhar,
AHMAD SHAH BAHADUR (13)
SHAH ‘ALAM II (15)
Bidar Bakht
AKBAR II (16)
1
BAHADUR SHAH (17) Muhammad Ibrahim Rafi'-ud-Daula, RAFI-UD-DARAJAT (10)
)
SHAH JAHAN II (11)
1 The names of pretenders or puppet kings are shown ir. italics.
2 For the Chaghatai and Turki ancestry of Babur see tables opposite pp. 49-50, Elias and Ross, History of the
Moghuls of Central Asia.
619
## p. 620 (#660) ############################################
620
CHRONOLOGY
2. THE
SUR
DYNASTY
A. H.
9451
952
9612
962
962
Sher Shah
Islam Shah
Muhammad Adil Shah
Ibrahim Shah
Sikandar Shah
A. D.
1538-9
1545
1554
1555
1555
1 See N. K. Bhattasali, "The date of Sher Shah's accession" in Islamic Cul-
ture, 1936, p. 127.
The histories (Elliot, iv, p. 505) give this date, but the latest date known
on coins of Islam Shah is 960, which is also found on coins of Muhammad 'Adil
Shah.
## p. 621 (#661) ############################################
2. GENEALOGY OF THE SUR
DYNASTY
Ibrahim Khan
Ghazi Khan
Son
Nizam Khan Sulaiman Khan Ahmad Khan
1
IBRAHIM
SHAH (4)
Farid Khan,
SHER SHAH(1)
SIKANDAR SHAH (5)
CHRONOLOGY
-
ilasan Khan
'Adil Khan
Jalal Khan,
ISLAM SHAH (2)
1
Mubariz Khan,
MUHAMMAD 'ADIL
SHAH (3)
Daughter
Islam Shah
Daughter
Ibrahim Shah
Daughter =
Sikandar Shah
Nambes of rulers are shown in capitals.
6. 21
## p. 622 (#662) ############################################
622
CHRONOLOGY
3. THE MARATHA DYNASTY
A. D.
1674
1680
Shivaji
Shambhuji
Raja Ram (regent)
Tara Bai
1689
1700
Shahu
1708
Ram Raja
1749
Shahu
1777
Pratap Singh
1810
## p. 623 (#663) ############################################
3. GENEALOGY OF THE MARATHAS
A. THE BHONSLES
Maloji Bhonsle
Shahji
Sambhaji
SHIVAJI (1) (b. 1627 (? ), d. 1680)
1
Vyankaji (Raja of Tanjore,
1676-83)
SHAMBHUJI (2) (Raja 1680-9) TARA BAI (4) = RAJA RAM (3) (Regent, 1689-1700) = Rajas Bai
(Regent 1700-8)
1
SHAHU (5) (Raja 1708-49) d. 1761)
Shambhuji (Raja of Kolhapur,
b. 1693, d. 1760)
Shivaji (b. 1691, d. 1723)
1
RAM RAJA (6) (b. 1723, d. 1777. Raja, 1749)
CHRONOLOGY
SHAHU (7) (titular Raja 1777-1810)
PRATAP SINGH (8) (restored to throne 1816: deposed 1839)
Shahji (Raja 1839-48)
B. THE SINDIAS
Ranoji, d. 1750
Jayappa (murdered at
Nagaur, 1759)
Dattaji (killed at Jyotba (killed at
Barari Ghat, 1760) Barari Ghat, 1760)
Tukoji (illegitimate: Mahadji (illegitimate)
killed at Panipat,
d. 1794
1761)
Jankoji (killed at Panipat, 1761)
623
## p. 624 (#664) ############################################
624
CHRONOLOGY
4.
THE PESHWAS
A. D.
Balaji Vishvanath
Baji Rao I
Balaji Baji Rao
Madho Rao I
Narayan Rao
Madho Rao II
Baji Rao II
1714
1720
1740
1761
1772
1774
1796
4. GENEALOGY
OF
THE PESHWAS
(1) BALAJI VISHVANATH
Peshwa, 1714-20
(2) BAJI RAO I, Peshwa, 1720-40
1
Chimaji Appa, the conqueror of Bassein, b. 1708, d. 1741
1
Sadashiv Rao (the Bhao Sahib), killed at Panipat, 1761
(3) BALAJI BAJI RAO, Peshwa, 1740-61 Raghunath Rao (Ragoba), b. 1734, d. 1784
1
(7) BAJI RAO' II, last Peshwa, 1796-1818
ishvas Rao, killed (4) MADHO RAO I, (5) NARAYAN RAO,
at Panipat, 1761 Peshwa 1761-72
Peshwa 1772-3
(6) MADHO RAO II, Peshwa, 1774-95
## p. 625 (#665) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
625
5. THE NAWABS OF OUDH
A. H.
1136
1152
1167
Sa'adat Khan
Safdar Jang
Shuja'-ud-Daula
A. D.
1724
1739
1754
5. GENEALOGY
OF
THE NAW ABS
OF OUD H1
Mir Muhammad Nasir
Daughter = Ja'far Beg Khan
Mir Muhammad Amin,
SA'ADAT KHAN,
Burhan-ul-Mulk (1)
1
Sadr-i-Jahan, or
Sadr-un-Nisa Begam
Mirza Muhammad Muqim,
Abu-'l-Mansur Khan,
SAFDAR JANG (2)
1
Jalal-ud-din Haidar,
SHUJA-UD-DAULA (3)
i See A. L. Srivastava, The First Two Nawabs of Oudh, Lucknow, 1930.
40
## p. 626 (#666) ############################################
626
CHRONOLOGY
6. THE NIZAMS OF HYDERABAD
A. H.
1137
1161
1164
1164
1175
1217
Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah
Nasir Jang
Muzaffar Jang
Salabat Jang
Nizam 'Ali
Sikandar Jah
A. D.
1724
1748
1750
1751
1762
1902
6. GENEALOGY OF THE NIZAMS OF HYDERABAD
Shihab-ud-din, Ghazi-ud-Din, Firuz Jang
1
Chin Qilich Khan, NIZAM-UL-MULK, Asaf Jah (1)
Mughul 'Ali
Ghazi-ud-Din, Mir Ahmad, SALABAT JANG (4) Daughter NIZAM ‘ALI (5) Basalat Jang
Firuz Jang NASIR JANG,
1
1 Nizam-ud-Daula (2) MUZAFFAR JANG (3) SIKANDAR JAH (6)
Shihab-ud-Din
'Imad-ul-Mulk,
Ghazi-ud-Din,
Firuz Jang
## p. 627 (#667) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
627
7.
THE TOUNGOO DYNASTY IN BURMA
A. D.
Bayinnaung
1551
Nandabayin
1581-99
(Petty rulers)
Anauk petlun
1605
Minredeippa
1628
Thalun
1629
Pindale
1648
Pye
1661
Narawara
1672
Minrekyaw din
1673
Sane
1698
Taninganwe
1714
Mahadammayaza-Dipati 1733-52
7. GENEALOGY OF THE TOUNGOO DYNASTY
Bayinnaung
Nandabayin
Son
Anaukpetlun
1
Minredeippa
Thalun
1
Pindale
Pye
Son
!
Narawara
1
Minrekyawdin
Sane
1
Taninganwe
Mahadammayaza-Dipati
## p. 627 (#668) ############################################
## p. 627 (#669) ############################################
INDIA AND TRANSOXIANA TO ILLUSTRATE THE CAMPAIGNS OF BABAR.
60
70
80
90
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H R
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Bukhara Sugha
Samarkand
Karatigin
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Karshi
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Chagkaniyan
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## p. 628 (#670) ############################################
## p. 629 (#671) ############################################
INDEX
A‘azz-ud-din, prince, 438
'Abbasid Caliphate, 386
Abdal of Baltistan, 198-9
'Abdul-Aziz, Janid, 202, 204
'Abdul-Ghafur (merchant), 309
'Abdul-Ghafur, Shah, 351-2
'Abdul-Hamid Khan, 315
'Abdul-Karim Buhlul Khan (of Bija-
pur), becomes minister and dies,
255; his government, 274; routed by
Marathas, kills Khavass Khan, 275;
his negotiations with Golconda,
and death, 277
'Abdullah II (Shaibanid), 134, 136,
144
'Abdullah (Makhdum-ul-Mulk), 62,
114
'Abdullah, Mirza ('Ali Gauhar, q. v. ),
son of 'Alamgir II, 437
'Abdullah, Qazi, 288
'Abdullah Bhatari, see Afzal Khan,
257
'Abdullah Khan (Firuz Jang), defeats
Karan Singh of Mewar, 158; his
rash campaign in Deccan, 160; joins
Shah Jahan's rebellion, 171; fails in
Gujarat, besieges Allahabad, 172;
becomes recluse, 173; in Bundel-
khand and Baghelkhand, 201
'Abdullah Khan (of Kashghar), 229
'Abdullah Khan, Sayyid, 116
'Abdullah Khan Sayyid (Hasan 'Ali
of Barha, later Qutb-ul-Mulk),
supports Farrukh-siyar, 327; at bat-
tle of Samogarh, 328-9; becomes
minister and receives titles, 331;
abets malpractices over revenue,
337; forces interview with Farrukh-
siyar, 338; has Farrukh-siyar mur-
dered and sets up Rafi-ud-Darajat,
339, 395; 340; in growing disfavour,
342; to administer N. India, 344; de-
feated and taken prisoner at Bilo-
chpur, 345; poisoned, 348
'Abdullah Khan Uzbeg, 82, 83, 88, 91
'Abdullah Niyazi, 61, 62
'Abdullah Pani, 289
'Abdullah Qutb Shah (of Golconda),
succeeds, 196, 261; his character,
253; aids Bijapur, 254-5; insulted
by Shah Jahan, 266; confiscates
Mir Jumla's property, 269; his
treatment of Aurangzib, 270; his
death, 273
'Abdul-Latif, 76, 78, 82
'Abdul-Muhammad, 255, 274
'Abdul-Mumin (Shaibanid), 144
'Abdul-Qadir Badauni, see Badauni
'Abdul-Wahhab, 232
'Abdul-Wasi, 86
'Abdun-Nabi (commandant), 243
'Abdun-Nabi (Sadr-us-Sudur), ap-
pointed, 90; a leader of Sunni party,
114; opposes Makhdum-ul-Mulk,
120; dismissed from office, 121; signs
Infallibility Decree, but banished,
123; returns and strangled, 129
'Abdur-Rahim (or Mirza Khan), son
of Bairam Khan, becomes Khan
Khanan (q. v. ), 78
'Abdur-Rahman, 150
'Abdur-Rashid, see Qutb Khan
'Abdur-Rasul, 264, 265
'Abdur-Rauf, 284
'Abdur-Razzaq, 5
‘Abdur-Razzaq, Lari, 289
'Abdus-Samad Khan, 328, 331, 335
Abhay Singh (of Marwar), attends at
court, 333; succeeds Ajit Singh and
becomes viceroy of Gujarat, 352,
401; is dismissed, 355, 369; 368; kills
Pilaji Gaikwar, 402
Abu, Mount, 542
Abu Baqa, 18
Abu-'l-Fath, 85, 131, 135
Abu-'l-Fazl, accounts of Babur's in-
vasions, 10; 45; as adviser to Akbar,
76, 82; describes Akbar's buildings
at Agra, 89; 96 n. 1; excuses Akbar's
massacre at Chitor, 99; gives Ak-
## p. 630 (#672) ############################################
630
INDEX
Abu-'l-Fazl (continued)
Adil Shah, passim, the ruler of Bija-
bar's reasons for building Fathpur pur at the time; architecture, 570-4
Sikri, 103; describes Ahmadabad, 'Adil Shah Sur, succeeds, 64; suspects
104; attributes rebellion of 1580 to his nobles, 65; crushes rebellion at
branding rules, 110; first presenta- Ujjain, defeats Ibrahim Shah, 66;
tion and character, 111; his estimate killed in battle with king of Ben-
of Todar Mal, and of Akbar's reli- gal, 70, 73
gious ecstasy, 119; supports Akbar's Adina Beg Khan, misleads Shan
spiritual authority, 121; explains Nawaz Khan, 372; becomes gove:-
Akbar's hypocrisy, 124; his letter to nor of Punjab, but expelled, 438;
Philip II of Spain, 129; records conspires with Sikhs, yields to Ma-
Akbar's "Happy Sayings”, 131; on rathas and dies, 445
Bhagwan Das' death, 136; on Todar Adinapur, 5
Mal, 138; 142; his dislike of Salim 'Adli, 65
(Jahangir), marches to Deccan, 144; Admiral, of Maratha fleet, 393;
negotiates with Chand Sultan, 145; Sarkhel, 394; of Mughuls, 404
governor of Khandesh, 146; hated Adoni, 285, 290
by Salim, 147; makes peace with Aduminnyo, 477
Murtaza II, 148; murdered, 149; his Adventure, the, 310
appetite, 437
Afghanistan taken by Ahmad Shah
Abu-'l-Hasan, Khvaja, 186, 189
Abdali, 371
Abu-'l-Hasan Tana (or Qutb) Shah, Afghans, on N. W. frontier, 237-10;
253, 266, 174; aids Shivaji's designs quarrels in Bijapur, 276; subdued in
on Carnatic, 276; reconciles Mas'ud Bengal, 311; in Malwa, 313; resist
Khan and 'Abdul-Karim Khan, 277; Sikhs, 322; support Sunnis, 324;
resigns royal functions, 286; takes unimportant in first half of eigla-
refuge in Golconda, 287; final in- teenth century, 332; invade Persia,
terview with Aurangzib, imprisoned 349; expelled by Nadir Shah, 357;
at Daulatabad, 290
attempi to stop him at Jamrud, 336;
Abu-'l-Khair Khan, 3
Rohilla branch of settle in lodia,
Abu-'l-Ma'ali, 70, 85, 86
370; rebels in Bihar, 441, 442; Delhi
Abu-'l-Mansur Khan, Safdar dynasty's style of architecture, 525
Jang, 362
Afonso, 191, 192
Abu-'l-Talib (Kalim), 220
Afridis, 135, 238
abwab, 231
Afshar Turks, 357
Abyssinia, 229, 317; Abyssinians of Afzal Khan, 257; killed by Shivaji,
Janjira, 404
272; celebrated in ballads, 427
Acheik, 509
Agra, occupied by Humayun, 13; raid-
Acquaviva, 121, 130
see
ed by Tatar Khan, 23; adorned by
Acworth, H. A. , 427 n. 1
Sher Shah, 52; restored by Akbar,
Adam (Gakkhar), 61, 67, 86
89; Shah Jahan proclaimed at, 183;
Aden, Gulf of, 309
renamed Akbarabad, 205; Christian
Adham Khan, 75, 79, 80, 81, 83; his prisoners at, 217; rebuilt by Shah
tomb, 526, 532
Jahan, 220; Shivaji's visit to, 256;
Adi Granth, 245, 426
threatened by Jats, 305; besieged
‘Adilabad, 383
by 'Azim-ush-Shan capitulates to
'Adil Khan, term used by Mughuls Bahadur Shah, 319; Niku-siyar pro-
for kings of Bijapur, 266
claimed emperor at, 340; its early
'Adil Khan, appointed to Bayana, re- brick citadel, 523; Babur's mosque
bels but is defeated, 58; 59
at, 524; Humayun's mosque at, 525;
>
## p. 631 (#673) ############################################
INDEX
631
Agra (continued)
fort described, 535-7; Shah Jahan's
buildings at, 554
Agrarian system of Mughuls, 451
Ahadis, 316, 331 and n. 1
Ahang Khan, 145
Ahmad I of Turkey, 158
Ahmad, son of Abu Sa'id Khan, 3
Ahmad, son of Yunus Khan, 4
Ahmadabad, occupied by Humayun,
25; abandoned by 'Askari, 26; en-
tered by Akbar, 104; disliked by
Jahangir, 166; Dara Shukoh at,
226; Shuja'at Khan killed near, 351;
captured by Gaikwar, 411
Ahmad Barha, Sayyid, 106
Ahmad Beg, 85, 86
Ahmadi, 15
Ahmad Khan Bangash, succeeds Qaim
Jang, defeats Naval Rai and Safdar
Jang, 430; plunders Allahabad, 430;
attacked by Marathas, 431; submits
to Ghazi-ud-din, becomes Amir-ul-
Umara, 439; joins Ahmad Shah
Abdali, 446
Ahmad Khan Farankhudi, 82
Ahmad Khan (Sur), 45;
royal title as Sikandar Shah (q. v. ),
invades Bijapur, but combines ag-
ainst Mughuls, 188; threatened by
Shah Jahan, 189; loses Daulatabad,
193; becomes Mughul, 196; puppet
ruler of set up by Shahji, 194, 198
Ahmad Shah (emperor), as prince
appointed to Malwa, 368; commands
army against Ahmad Shah Abdali,
372; becomes emperor, 373; sum-
mons Nasir Jang to oppose Safdar
Jang, 386, 433; allows Safdar Jang
to invite Marathas to Duab, 415,
434; blinded, 415, 437; murdered,
416; his character, 428; proceeds
against Jats, 436; his deposition, 436
Ahmad Shah, Abdali, establishes
power in Herat and Afghanistan,
371; advances through Punjab, 372,
defeated near Sirhind and with.
draws, 373, 429; his third invasion,
415, 433; plunders Delhi and Mut-
tra, 416, 438, 439; returns against
Marathas, 416; at Anupshahr, 412;
crosses Jumna, 419, 445; at Panipat,
421, 422-4, 448; his final departure
from India, 426, 439, 448; levies
tribute from Jammu, 445; defeats
Holkar in Duab, 446; nominates
'Ali Gauhar as emperor Shah Alam
II, 448
Ahoms, fight Koch, 200; resist Mu-
ghuls, 233-6
Ahsan Khan, 321
Ain-i-Akbari, 465; describes Akbac's
fort at Agra, 537; on Fathpur Sikri,
539
Aitchison's treaties, 406 n. 2
Ajit Singh, Raja (of Marwar
assumes
66
Oil
Ahmadnagar (city), stormed by Mu-
Jodhpur), his infancy, 247; escapes
from Delhi, 248; becomes chief,
303; pardoned by Aurangzib, 304;
revolts against Bahadur Shah and
reconciled, 321-2; submits to Husain
'Ali, 333; friendly to Sayyid bro .
thers, 337, 338; viceroy of Gujarat
and Ajmer, 341; rebels, 346; but
submits, 347; Ajmer, transferred
from, 349
Ajit Singh, Sikh, 335
ghuls, 147; surrendered to Malik
‘Ambar, 159; recovered by Shah
Jahan, 165; besieged by Malik ‘Am-
bar, 173, 263; Mughul garrison at,
176; coins struck at, 189 n. 2; at-
tacked by Marathas, 282; Aurang-
zib dies at, 299; taken by Sadashiv
Rao, 390, 412, 413
Ahmadnagar (state), annexes Berar,
118; rebellion in, 137; Akbar's abor-
tive invasion of, 141; cedes Berar
to Akbar, 143; invaded by Akbar,
144, 145; dissensions in, 145; capital
of stormed, 147; peace with rem-
nant of made by Abu-'l-Fazl, 148;
area of restored by Bijapur, 165;
pays tribute to Mughuls, 169; re-
ceives Khan Jahan, alienates Mara-
thas, 186; invaded by Mughuls, 187;
## p. 632 (#674) ############################################
632
INDEX
Ajmer, 54; Akbar's first visit to, 81;
his pilgrimage to, after Jahangir's
birth, and improvements at, 102;
province of restored to order, 333;
governed by Ajit Singh, 347
Ajodhya, 27, 524 n. 1
Ajudhan, 53, 102
Akbar, 9; birth, 30; abandoned to his
uncles, 40; exposed to fire at Kabul,
41; with army against Sikandar
Shah, 67; declared victor, appointed
to govern Punjab, 68; succeeds
. . Humayun, 69; his youthful chara-
cter, and enemies, 70; opposed by
Himu, 71; defeats him at Panipat,
72; recovers Delhi, marries a cou-
sin, 73; factions at his court and
foster-relatives, 74; education at
Agra, 75; inability to read and
write, 76; his breach with Bairam
Khan, 77; marries Salima Begam,
78; kills tigress with sword, his
mastery of elephants, 80; his first
pilgrimage to Ajmer and marriage
to Bihari Mal's daughter, 81; early
religious toleration, 82; personal
bravery near Sakit, and at murder
of Atga Khan, 83; stands forth as
ruler, 84; settles Gakkhar disputes,
abolishes pilgrim-tax, intrigues with
women, 86; escapes assassination,
abolishes jizya, becomes free from
family influence, 87; settles affairs
in Malwa, builds fort etc. at Agra,
89; his troubles with Uzbegs, 91, 92;
defeats but pardons Uzbegs, 93;
proceeds against Muhammad Ha-
kim, 94; his delight in sport and
contests, 95, 103; crushes Uzbegs,
96; marches against Rana, 97;
storms Chitor, 98; orders massacre,
99; disperses "foster-father cohort",
100; gains Ranthambhor, 101; his
family, marriage to princess of Bi-
kaner, 102; deals with Kangra, 103;
annexes Gujarat, 104; scatters the
Mirzas, 105; settles Gujarat, 106;
religious misgivings, 107; his rapid
march to Gujarat, 108; his reformis
of army, land revenue and admi-
nistration, 109, 375; receives Abu-'l-
Fazl and Badauni, 111; builds "Hall
of Worship”, 113; attacks Mewar,
115; meditates pilgrimage to Mecca,
117; and conquest of Deccan, 118;
his religious ecstasy and ban on
hunting, 119; his mysticism, charity,
and loss of faith in Islam, 120; in-
vites Jesuit mission, and recites
khutba, 121; his Infallibility Decree,
122; persecutes Islam, 123; inter-
feres in Kashmir polity, his inte-
rest in Christianity, 124; rebellions
due to vagaries, 125; marches aga-
inst Muhammad Hakim, 127; orders
attack on Portuguese, 128; staris
"Divine Faith", 129-31; his quest of
"Divine Language", 132; adminis-
trative reforms, 133; introduces
"Divine Era", schemes for conquest
of Deccan, Transoxiana, and Kash-
mir, 134; receives Englishmen, 135;
annexes Kashmir, 136; and Sind,
137; visits Kashmir, 138; dallies
with Christianity, sends envoys to
Deccan courts, 139; designs on
Deccan, obtains Qandahar, 141;
makes final plans against Deccan,
142, 144; arrives at Burhanpur,
146; settles Deccan, 148; his trou-
bles with Salim, 149; reconciled to
Salim, 150; illness, 152; death and
character, 153-5; his tomb, 179,
549-51; his tomb desecrated by Jats,
305; his land revenue system, 458-
63
Akbar (son of Aurangzib), sent
against Marwar, 248; and Mewa:,
249; sets up as emperor, 250; deser-
ted by Rajputs and flees, 251-2;
received by Shambhuji, 280-1;
fails and escapes to Persia, 282-4;
alleged son of, 338; his son
Niku-siyar, 340
Akbar II, 448
Akbar, a bogus prince at Patna, 305
Akbarabad, name given by Shah
Jahan to Agra (q. v. ), 90, 205
Akkanna, 274 n. 1, 286, 287
Akluj, 256
an
## p. 633 (#675) ############################################
INDEX
633
as
Ak Mahall, 116
Akmal Khan, 238, 240
'Ala'i, religious teacher, 61; defies
authority, 62, flogged to death, 63
alakh niranjan, 244
‘Alamgir, imperial title of Aurangzib,
215; as zinda pir, 244, 318
‘Alamgir II, succeeds emperor,
415, 437; complains of Ghazi-ud-
din's treatment, 439; favours Najib-
ud-Daula and murdered, 444
'Alamgirnagar, 479
'Alam Khan, 113
'Alam Khan (Lodi), 9, 10, 11, 12
'Alam Khan (of Kalpi), 15
'Ala-ud-Daula, title of Sarfaraz Khan
(q. v. ), 364
'Ala-ud-din Khalji, 98, 130, 375
‘Ala-ud-din (Lodi), 9, 22, 23
'Ala-ud-din (Sayyid), 9
Alaungpaya, king of Burma, 486; birth
and expulsion of Talaings, 504-5; his
relations with English, 505; expels
French from Syriam, 506; attacks
Talaings, 507; finally crushes them,
508, 518; devastates Manipur, 509;
orders massacre of English at Ne-
grais, invades Siam, 510; fails to
take Ayuthia and dies, 511; his
grave, 512; his wishes for succes-
sion, 522
Alaungpaya Ayedawpon, 514 n. 1
Alaungsithu, 489
'Ali 'Adil Shah I (of Bijapur), tomb
of, 573
'Ali `Adil Shah II (of Bijapur), 209,
253, 254, 255; his death, 259, 274;
270; his rights denied by Aurang-
zib, 271; attacks Shivaji, 272; agrees
to give him chauth, later commuted
to fixed payment, 273
'Ali Asaf Khan (of Barha), 115
'Ali Beg, Mirza, 143
'Ali Gauhar (Mirza 'Abdullah), son
of 'Alamgir II, 437; opposes Ghazi-
ud-din, 439; escapes to Najib-ud-
Daula and to Oudh, 440; his aims
on Bihar, 443-4; nominated as em-
peror, Shah Alam II, 448
'Ali Khan, king of Arakan, 447
‘Ali Khan, Raja (of Khandesh), does
homage to Akbar, 106; succeeds
and submits to Akbar, 117; his
sympathy with Ahmadnagar, 118;
aids Burhan-ud-din, 138; receives
Faizi, 139; killed in battle, 143;
his Jami' Masjid at Burhanpur, 575
'Alim 'Ali Khan, nephew and deputy
of Husain 'Ali, 341; defeated and
killed, 343, 344, 378, 399
'Ali Mardan Khan (Persian), surren-
ders Qandahar, becomes governor
of Kashmir, 199; constructs canals,
201; his daughter Sahibji, 240; his
tomb, 561
'Ali Mardan Khan (Mir Husaini),
292, 314
'Ali Masjid, 238, 239
'Ali Mohan, 381
'Ali Muhammad Khan (of Rohil-
khand), his early history, 369; ob-
tains title of Nawab and aims at
independence, but imprisoned, 370;
regains authority but dies, 429
'Ali Murad, Khan Jahan, Amir-ul-
Umara, 326
'Ali Naqi, 211, 228
'Ali Quli (Persian), see Sher Afgan,
160
‘Ali Quli Khan Shaibani, 68, 71, 72;
becomes Khan Zaman (q. v. ), 73
‘Ali Shah (of Kashmir), 120, 124
'Ali Vardi Khan, governor of Bihar,
intrigues to become viceroy of
Bengal, 364; defeats Sarfaraz Khan,
365; occupies Orissa, 366-7; expels
Bhaskar Pant, 368; kills Bhaskar
Pant, but forced to give Orissa to
Marathas, 408, 441; suppresses
Afghan rebels in Bihar, 442; cedes
Orissa and dies, 443
Aliwal Khan, 526, 528
Allahabad, fort built by Akbar, 134,
538; Salim rebels at, 147; strikes
coins at, 149; his behaviour at, 150;
besieged by 'Abdullah Khan Firuz
Jang, 172; by Sayyid brothers, 341;
city burnt by Ahmad Khan, 430;
'Ali Gauhar at, 441
## p. 634 (#676) ############################################
634
INDEX
.
Allahu Akbar, 122, 131; numerical
value, 180
altamgha, 466-7
Alves, captain, 512
Alwar, 17
Amalaka, 534
Amalguzar, 461
Amar Siingh, Maharana of Mewar,
resists Bahadur Shah, 321
Amar Singh, Rana of Mewar, 158
Amar Singh (Tonwar), 538
Amatya, 291
Amba Bhavani, 427
Ambaghat pass, 298
Ambala, 12, 59, 359
'Ambar Kot, 193
Amber, recovered by Rajputs, 321;
palaces at, 548; see also Jay Singh,
Raja
‘amil, 461
amin, 56
Amir Beg, 422 and n. 2
Amir Khan, viceroy of Kabul, 239-40
Amir Khan, see 'Umdat-ul-Mulk
Amir-ul-Mamalik, title of Salabat
Jang, 387
Amir-ul-Umara, conferred 'Ali
Murad, 326; on Husain 'Ali, 337;
title coveted by Burhan-ul-Mulk
and obtained by Nizam-ul-Mulk,
360; conferred on Sadat Khan Zu-
’l-Fiqar Jang, 428; cancelled and
given to Ghazi-ud-din
of
Nizam, 433; to Ghazi-ud-din (Shi-
hab-ud-din), 435; to Najib Khan
by Ahmad Shah Abdali, 435, 439,
448; to Ahmad Khan Bangash, 439
Amrit Rao Nimbalkar, 294
Amritsar, 245
Anan, 510
Anandpur, 245, 246
Anaukpetlun, king of Burma, 479;
succeeds and attacks Syriam, 494;
takes Syriam, murdered, 495
Anawrahta, 489
Andaw, 478
Anderson, 499 n. 4, 500 n. 3
Andhi, 15
Andhyari Bari, 90
Angria, see Kanhoji Angria, 393,
396, 404
Anguri Bagh, 554
Ani Ray, 164
Anis-ud-din Mihtar Khan, 101
Ankola, 275, 279
Annaji Datto, 281
Annesley, 310
Antaji Mankeshwar, 417, 425
Antri, 149
Anurudh Singh Hara (of Bundi), 303,
306
Anvar-ud-din, made Nawab of Arcot,
384; killed, 387
Aonla, 431
Aqa Khusrav, 255, 285
‘Aqil Husain Mirza, 94
Arab, mercenaries, 426; culture in
Sind, 569
araba, 12, 17
Arab Sarai, 531
Arakan, Shah Shuja' in, 226; piraies
of, 236-7; history of, 476-82; Aia-
kanese take Syriam and Pegu, 493
Aram Banu Begam, 102
Arangaon, 387
Araru Singh, 355
Aravalli range, 249
Architecture, chap.
passiin;
Babur on Indian, 523-4; Byzantine,
524; Sayyid and Afghan, 525-6, 532;
of Surs, 526-9; of Tughluqs and
Khaljis, 528-9; Mughul style based
on Timurid, 532, 534; Rajput style,
535; of Hindu temples, 547; Bija-
pur style, 547; secular Hindu style,
548; Persian style, 552; change
under Shah Jahan, 553-4; Assyrian
and Achaemenid influence, 556; in
marble and brick, 559; at Lahore,
559-61; decline under Aurangzib,
566; in Sind, 568-9; of 'Adil Shahs,
570-4; Ottoman influence at Bija-
pur, 572; of Khandesh, 575-6
Arcot, 256, 291, 293; taken by Nizar. ,
368, 381; by Muzaffar Jang ang
Chanda Sahib, 387
Arcot (ship), 505
Arjan Singh, Guru, 157, 244-5
Arjumand Banu, see Mumtaz Mahall,
163
on
XVIII
son
## p. 635 (#677) ############################################
635
1
INDEX
Armeniaiis, 510
Army, Sher Shah's 56; Islam Shah's
reorganisation, 63-4; Akbar's bran-
ding rules, 109; his mansabdars
(officers), unpopularity of brand-
ing rules, 110; revolts in Bihar and
Bengal, 125; administration of, 133;
unrest in Akbar's in Deccan, 144,
145; reorganised by Shah Jahan,
203 n. 1, 218; mercenary under
Mughuls, 241; classification and
number of Aurangzib's, 316; size
and discontent of Baji Rao's, 355,
disciplne in Nadir Shah's, 362 and
n. 2; decay of Mughul power due to
demoralisation of, 374-6; equip-
ment of Nizam's, 380; French arti-
llery in Peshwa's, 390, 417; mutiny
in Mughul; 415; numbers at Pani-
pat, 419 n. 2; Bayinnaung's, 486 n. 2
Arni, 279
Artillery, used by Babur, 12, 17, 18,
19; by Gujarat against Chitor, 23;
by Humayun at Chunar, 29; at
battle near Kanauj, 34-5; of Himu
captured, 72; used by Mughuls
against Rajputs, 249; at siege of
Golconda, 288; drilled by French,
390; at Bassein, 406; at Udgir, 413;
at Panipat, 420; French captured
by Alaungpaya, 506-7, 516; Sia-
mese, 515
Arwal, 441
Asad Khan, vazir of Aurangzib at
siege of Gingee, 292; bribes Raja
Ram and retires, 293; his personal
friendship with Aurangzib, 302;
supports A'zam, 319; becomes mi-
nister of Bahadur Shah, 325; im-
prisons Jahandar Shah, 329-30; de-
prived of office by Farrukh-siyar
and dies, 330-1
Asaf Jah, title of Nizam-ul-Mulk
(q. v. ), 350; desires peace with Ma-
rathas, 378; compounds for chauth,
379; supports Shambhuji, 380, 400;
makes peace at Shevgaon, 381; his
methods of administration, 382, 385;
his death, poetry and buildings,
384-5, 428; his character, 385
Asaf Khan, sent against Afghans, 81;
reduces Bhath, 87; subdues Gonds,
88; sent against Uzbegs, 91; returns
to Chauragarh, 92; driven from
Gondwana and joins Uzbegs, 93;
forgiven by Akbar, 94; in command
against Uzbegs, 96; made governo!
of Mewar, 99; tutor to Parviz in
new attack on Mewar, 158; also in
Deccan, 159; Roe's views on, 163-4;
abandons cause of Shah Jahan,
171; his enmity with Mahabat
Khan, 174; flies to Attock, 175; a
hostage with Mahabat Khan, 176;
proclaims Dawar Bakhsh, but sup-
ports Shah Jahan, 183; 185; invades
Bijapur, 189, 197; fails and returns
to court, 190; made Khan Khanan,
194; his death, 201-2; a picture of,
219 n. 1; his fortune, 450; makes
Nishat Bagh, 549
Asaf-ud-Daula, title of Salabat Jang,
387
Asar-i-sharif, 286
Ashraf Khan, 91, 93
Ashtapradhan, 394
Asir, Asirgarh, besieged by Khan
A'zam, 146; taken, 147; yields to
Shah Jahan, 172; surrendered by
him, 174; obtained by Nizam-ul-
Mulk, 343; by Salabat Jang, 389;
by Marathas, 413
Askaran (of Marwar), 247
Askaran, Rawal, 117
'Askari, governor of Qandahar, 23;
defeats Tatar Khan, 23; viceroy of
Gujarat, 25; defeated by Bahadur
Shah, 26; rebels but forgiven by
Humayun, 27; joins Humayun in
Bihar, 31; escapes with Humayun
from Chausa to Agra, 33; 35; goes
to Kabul, 36; governor of Qandahar
and expelled by Humayun, 40;
rebels with Kamran but captured
and exiled to Mecca, 42
Asoka, 556
Assam, races in, Mughul incursions
in, 200; Aurangzib's early
quests in, 230, 233-5
con-
## p. 636 (#678) ############################################
636
INDEX
Assaye, 426
Assessment, general, 455; under Sher
Shah, 457; under Akbar, 458-61;
under Jahangir, 466; under Shah
Jahan, 467; in Deccan, 468; raised
by Aurangzib, 469; by villages,
to retake it, 206; interferes in Gol-
conda, 207, 269-70; his operations
against Bijapur stopped by Shah
Jahan, 209; thwarted by Dara, 210;
intrigues with his brothers, 211;
rebels and defeats imperial army
near Dharmat, 212; and at Samo-
garh, 213; confines Shah Jahan in
Agra fort, 214; imprisons Murad
and assumes imperial title, 215, 222;
his problems at succession, 222;
pursues Dara, 223; defeats Dara at
Deorai, 227; master of Mughul
India, celebrates second coronation,
228; his foreign relations and minor
conquests, 229; forbids heretical
practices, 230; his social and fiscal
reforms, 231; his orthodoxy and
treatment of Shah Jahan, 232-3;
his treatment of Afghans, 237-8;
crushes them, 239; his attitude to
non-Muslims, 240-2; persecute3
Sikhs, 245; subdues Marwar, 247-
8; his throne declared forfeit, 250,
his first viceroyalty of Deccan, 267;
his views on Shivaji, 279; moves
to Deccan, 281; attacks Marathas,
282; paramount in both north
India and Deccan, 284; crushes
Bijapur, 285-6, and Golconda, 287-
90; underrates Maratha danger, 290;
his barren conquest of forts, 296;
takes Satara and Parli, 297; Khelna
(Vishalgarh), Sinhgarh etc. , 298;
his last illness and death, 299; his
letters to his sons and last sorrows,
302; alarmed by Jat menace, 305;
orders stoppage of English trade but
makes peace, 308; his provinces and
empire, 315-16; his revenue and
army, 316; his character, scholar-
ship, private life, robustness and
narrow ideals, 317-18; effects of his
bigotry, 374; his land revenue sys-
tem, 468-72; 480; his buildings,
566-8
Ausa, 196; Marathas defeat Nizam at,
470, 471-2
Assignments, in Islam Shah's reigia,
63-4; converted to crown land, 109,
461; demand from in time of Au-
rangzib, 316; made for support of
army, 375; preferred by Balaji,
Peshwa, 396; system of described,
455; in force under Lodis, 456; un-
der Sher Shah, 458; valued under
Akbar, 461; their management
under Jahangir, 466; under Shah
Jahan, 467; under Aurangzib and
later decline, 472; unpopular in
Bengal, 473
Astrologer's seat, 543
'Ata Khan, 421
'Ata-ullah, 567
Atga Khail, 75
Atga Khan (Shams-ud-din Khan),
attacks Afghans, 68; foster-father
of Akbar, 73; intrigues against
Bairam Khan, 75, 77, 78; appointed
minister, 81; murdered, 83, 100; his
tomb, 535
Athaide, Dom Luis de, 121
Athar Mahall, 574
Athni, 256
Attock, founded by Akbar, 127;
Nadir Shah crosses Indus at, 358;
416
Aungbinle, 499
Aurangabad, 241; formerly called
Khirki, 262; attacked by Baji Rao,
381; Nasir Jang in rebe
ion near,
383; Ghazi-ud-din poisoned at,
388
Aurangabadi Mahall, 290
Aurangzib, born, 166-7; sent to couri,
174; defeats Jujhar Singh in Bun-
delkhand, 195; married, 198; sub-
dues Baglan, 200; successful in
Balkh but retires to Kabul, 204;
fails to relieve Qandahar, 205; or
390, 413
Austin of Bordeaux, 180
## p. 637 (#679) ############################################
INDEX
637
Ava, 482; annexed by Bayinnaung,
486; captive prince of, 488; vassal
king of, 90; influential prince of,
494; becomes capital, 496; besieged
by Chinese, 497; new palace at, 499;
Catholic mission at, 500; attacked
by Manipuris, 502; taken by Tala-
ings, 503; restored by Hsinbyushin,
512-13
Ayuthia, sacked, 483 n. 4; besieged by
Tabinshwehti, 484; white elephants
at, 487-8; twice taken by Bayin-
naung, 448-9; resists Nandabayin;
and Alaungpaya, 511; besieged by
Thihapate and Mahanawrahta, 514;
taken and destroyed, 515, 518
Azad Bilgrami on European troops,
387
A'zam (son of Aurangzib), invades
Mewar, 249; negotiates peace, 252;
proposed marriage of with Shahr
Banu, 255, 275, 277; sent to Deccan,
281; in north Bijapur, 282, 284; 287;
presents Abu-'l-Hasan to Aurang-
zib, 289; at Pedgaon, 295; aims at
succession, 301; appointed to Mal-
wa but returns to Ahmadnagar,
302, 319; his war against Ajit Singh,
303; 315; claims succession to Au--
rangzib, 319; marches north and
killed at battle of Jajau, 320; his
contempt for Bahadur Shah, 324
A'zam Khan (Muhammad Baqar),
attacks Khan Jahan, 186, and Ah-
madnagar, 187; his successes, 188;
his losses, 189, 194
'Azim-ullah Khan, appointed to
Malwa, 365; leaves his post and
dies, 366
'Azim-ush-Shan, recalled from Patna,
301; his trade exactions, 307; be-
comes viceroy of Bengal, 312; be-
sieges Agra, 319; at battle of Jajau,
320; fights to succeed Bahadur
Shah, and dies, 325; as viceroy of
Bengal, 364
'Aziz Jang, Nawab, 369 n. 1
'Aziz Kuka becomes Khan 'Azam
(q. v. ), 74, 100
'Aziz-ud-din becomes emperor
‘Alamgir II (q. v. ), 436
'Azz-ud-din, 326; flies from Khajuha,
327; blinded, 332
Baba Piara ford, 315, 381
Babur; birth and early career, 2; in-
herits Farghana, captures Samac-
qand, surrenders it to Shaibani
Khan, hides in Tashkent, 4; cap-
tures Kabul, raids India west of
Indus, marches to Herat, 5; defeats
Arghuns and again raids India and
assumes title of emperor, 6; takes
Bukhara and Samarqand, but is ex-
pelled, 7; renounces hopes of re-
covering them, 8; his invasions of
Hindustan, captures Bajaur, Kohat,
Tarbila, 10; takes Lahore and Di-
palpur, but returns to aid Ismail
Shah, 11; advances to Ambala and
Panipat, 12; wins battle of Panipat
and enters Delhi, 13; becomes Em-
peror of Hindustan, description of
India in his Memoirs, 14; his initial
difficulties, 15; escapes death by
poison, at war with Rana Sanga, 16;
religious qualms, victory at Kha-
nua, takes Chanderi and Lucknow,
victory in battle of the Gogra, 17;
gains Bihar, illness and death, his
Memoirs, 18, 20; way of life and
character, 19; poems, 20; dying in-
junctions, 21; 46, 47; 347; on Indian
architecture, 523-4; mosques built
by, 524 and n.
1
Backergunge, 236
Badakhshan, its area, 4; held by Ba-
bur, 8; Humayun levies forces in,
12, 143; Humayun returns to, 17:
but leaves, 18; 36; ruled by Sulai-
man, 41; attacked by Kamran, 42;
Akbar plans conquest of, 134; taken
by 'Abdullah II, 144; by Murad
Bakhsh, 203
Badam-chasma, 5
Ladan Singh Jat, 348
Badaun (or Farari) Ghat, 419
Badauni, ori Sher Shah, 57; on Bairam
Khan, and atrocities in Malwa, 79,
80; does r:oi condemn aboliticn of
9
as
## p. 638 (#680) ############################################
638
INDEX
Badauni (continued)
jizya, 87; 96 n. 1; on surrender of
Ranthambhor, 101; first presenta-
tion to Akbar, 111; blames Makh-
dum-ul-Mulk, 114; 115; on Akbar's
order to stop hunting, 119; descri-
bes Akbar's recitation of khutba,
122; on Infallibility Decree, 123;
resents translatiton of Mahabharata,
133; on Todal Mal and Bhagwan
Das, 138; on Fazi, 142
Badin, 223
Padshahi gate, 544
Baghels of Rewah, Baghelkhand, 55
n. 2, 87; invaded by Baji Rao, 353
Baghpat, 419, 447
Baglan, 106, 146; subdued by Mu-
ghuls, 200, 268; raided by Shivaji,
259; bars Marathas from Gujarat,
379; ceded to Marathas, 388; Khan-
de Rao collects dues in, 398
Bagor, 103
Bagpur, 345
Bahadur, brother of Khan Zaman, 31
Pahadurgarh (Deccan), 284
Bahadur Khan (son of Darya Khan),
191
Bahadur Khan (Malik Husain), 223,
227, 253, 255, 259; becomes Khan
Jahan, 259 n. 1; makes terms with
Shivaji and Bijapur, 275, 276;
recalled from Deccan, 277; again
sent there, 278; see also Khan
Jahan (Malik Husain)
Bahadur Khan Shaibani (or Uzbeg),
attacks Malwa, 77; rebels against
Akbar, 91-6
Bahadur Nizam Shah (of Ahmad-
nagar), 145, 147
Bahadurpur, 222
Bahadur Shah I (of Delhi), aided by
Sikhs, 246
Bahadur Shah (of Bengal), 73
Bahadur Shah Faruqi (of Khandesh),
143, 146, 147, 148, 154
Bahadur Shah (of Gujarat), 21; war
with Chitor and disputes with
Humayun, 22; takes Chitor, but
defeated by Humayun flies to
Mandu, 23; escapes to Diu, 24;
organises recovery of Gujarat, 25;
expels 'Askari, 26; recovers Guja-
rat, 27; death, 28
Bahadur Shah (Mu'azzam, Shah
‘Alam, of Delhi), succeeds Aurang-
zib, but opposed, 319; defeats A'zam
at Jajau, 320; moves south against
Kam Bakhsh and returns to Raj-
putana, 321; reduces Sikh rebels,
323; his death and character, 324;
displeased with Barha Sayyids, 327;
restores Shahu, 392
Bahadur Shah II (of Delhi), 448
Bahbal Khan, 73
Bahiro Pant Pingle, Peshwa, 393
Bahmanis, 9
Bahraich, 51
Bahwa Lohani, 62
Bairam Baharji, Rathor, 268
Bairam Khan, 20; joins Humayun, 39;
40; appointed Khan Khanan, 42;
defeats Afghan army, 67; becomes
Akbar's tutor, 68; aims at recovery
of Delhi, 71; at battle of Panipat,
72; with Akbar against Sikandar
Sur, marries Akbar's cousin, 73; his
court faction, 74; his enemies, his
education of Akbar, 75; his offences,
76; dismissed from service, 77;
defeated in battle, sets out for
Mecca and murdered, his character,
78; his difficulties in administration,
461
Bais Rajputs, 172
Baisunqur, 4
Baitalwadi, 145
Baizapur, 380, 381
Bajaur, 10, 134, 135, 238, 239
Bajhaura, 10, 134, 135, 238, 239
Bajhaura, 113
Baji Chavan Daphle, 297
Baji Rao Peshwa, invades Baghel-
khand and Bundelkhand, his rela-
tions with Nizam-ul-Mulk, 353,
379, 400; becomes practically gov-
ernor of Malwa, 354, 402; his claims
Muhammad Shah, 355; raids
near Delhi, receives government of
Malwa and subvention, 356, 357,
403; dies, 365, 383, 406; invades
>
on
## p. 639 (#681) ############################################
INDEX
639
9
Baji Rao Peshwa (continued)
Nizam's country, 380, 400; makes
peace at Shevgaon, 381, 400; suc-
ceeds as Peshwa, 396; his ambitions,
397; invades Gujarat, 401-2; be-
comes supreme, 402; directs attack
. on Bassein, 405; his character, 407
Baker, captain, 505
Bakhars, 427
Bakhshu Langah, 53, 54
Bakht Buland, 314
Bakht Singh (of Marwar or Jodhpur),
368, 431-2
Bakht-un-Nisa Begam, 128
Balaghat, overrun by Malik 'Ambar,
173; defined, 173 n. 2; governed by
Shah Jahan, 174; given up by Khan
Jahan, 176, 185; invaded by Mugh-
uls, 186-7, 194-5; governorship of
266
Balaji Baji Rao, succeeds as Peshwa,
365, 407; resents Muslim attempts
on Malwa, 366; receives chauth cf
Bihar and Malwa, 368, 441; pposes
succession of Salabat Jang, 387,
410; defeated by French, 387, 412,
434; crushes Nizam's army, 390;
exacts large cessions, 391; domi-
nates Ram Raja, 410; reforms
administration, 413-14; his cha-
racter, 414; despatches army against
Ahmad Shah Abdali, 415, 446; tries
to send reinforcements to Panipai,
424; his death, 425
Balaji Vishvanath, Peshwa, his origin
and early career, 303; becomes
Peshwa, 394; his aims for Maratha
independence, 395; his death, admi-
nistration and character, 396
Balakot, 265
Balamindin, 516
Balapur, 343, 398, 399
Balasore, English factory at, 306;
plundered by Mughuls, 308
Ealkh, threatened by Shaibani Khan,
5; 7; besieged by Uzbegs, 11; at-
tacked by Humayun, 42; taken by
Murad Bakhsh, 203; abandoned by
Aurangzib, 204; sends embassy to
Aurangzib, 229
Bal Kishan Gadgil, 414
Balkonda, 384
Ballabhgarh, 439
Balloba Manduvaguni, 414
Baloch, 37, 51, 53, 227
Baltistan, invaded, 198; campaign in,
206; acknowledges Aurangzib,
229-30
Balvant Rao Mehendale, 417, 420
Bamian, 202
Banda (pseudo-Guru), 322-4; de-
feated and executed, 335
Banda (place), 283
Bandhogarh, 143, 201
Bangalore, 279, 290
Bangarh, 370
Bangash Afghans, 415; defeated by
Rohillas, 429; defeat Safdar Jang
and ravage Oudh, 430; crushed by
Marathas, 431
Bangkok, 519, 520
Bankapur, 290, 389
Bankot, 393
Banswara, 60, 117
Baqarganj, see Backergunge
Baqar Khan, see Muhammad Baqar
Khan, Mirza, 367
Baqi Khan Qul, 319
Baqi Muhammad Uzbeg, 202
Baqr 'Id, 487
Baramati, 268
Barangab, 239
Barari Ghat, 416, 446
Barbak, 45
Parbary, 229
Barh, 442
Barha Sayyids, origin, 74 n. 1; favour
Salim (Jahangir), 152; 171; in
battle of Samogarh, 213; the "king-
maker" brothers of, 327; fight
against Nizam-ul-Mulk, 343; their
bravery at Bilochpur, 345; see also
Sayyid brothers, 'Abdullah Khan,
Sayyid, and Husain 'Ali, Sayyid
Barkhurdar Khan, 422 and n. 2
Bari Duab, 323
Bari Duab canal, 201
Barki Sarai, 149
Parmappa Nayak, 295
>
## p. 640 (#682) ############################################
640
INDEX
Bar Nadi, Mughul frontier in Assam,
200; 233
Baroda, 118; sacked by Dhanaji
Jadav, 301, 306; Gaikwars of, 398
barqandazes, 316
Basalat Jang, becomes regent, 389;
supported by French but dismissed,
390
Pasantgarh, 297, 301
Basavapatan, 294
Basawpyu, king of Arakan, 477
Basra, 299
Bassein (W. India), 296; Portuguese
capital in Konkan, 404; taken by
Baji Rao, 405-6
Bassein (Burma), 489, 491, 505, 509,
510
Bastar, 261, 267
Fasu, Raja, 160, 161
Batala, 245, 335
Eaiavia, 219
batter (in architecture), 526
Bayana, 16, 58, 61, 62, 321
Tayazid (of Bengal), succeeded by
Daud, 111
bayingyi, 495
Bayinnaung, king of Burma, succeeds
but opposed, 485; his annexations,
486; his religious and social acti-
vities, 487; captures Ayuthia, 488;
obtains Buddha Tooth from Ceylon,
489; his administration, 490; con-
tact with foreigners, 491; suppres-
ses rebellion, 491-2; dies, 492
Baz Bahadur, 79, 80, 82, 88, 89; final
surrender to Akbar, 102
Bednor, 249, 252
Bednur, 379
Begam Hauz, 285
Begging bowl, 490, 494, 497
Belgaum, 196, 283, 290
Belghata, 226
Bellary, 278, 279
Bells, at Pagan, 487; at Pegu, 495; at
Sidi, 507
Beltala, 234
Benares, taken by Sher Khan, 30, 51;
temple at destroyed, 242; Aurang-
zib's mosque at, 568
Bengal, occupied by Sher Khan, 29,
50; by Humayun, 30, 50; recovered
by Sher Khan, 33, 51; Jalal-ud-din
Bahadur becomes king of, 73; over-
tures from Akbar to Sulaiman king
of, 90; Uzbegs seek aid from, 92;
Akbar recognised by Sulaiman, 99:
Akbar prepares for conquest of,
108; Bayazid and then Daud be.
come kings of, and Daud invades
Akbar's realm, 111; Akbar's inva-
sion of, 112; conquest, 113; recover-
ed by Daud, 115; independence lost,
116, disturbances in, 121, military
rebellion in, 125, 132; peace res-
tored, 139; serious Afghan rising
in, 146; well governed by Shah
Shuja', 211; land revenue settled by
Shah Shuja' in, 218; Shah Shuja'
defeated in, 225-6; piracy in, 236-
7; English trade in, 306-7; English
expelled from, 307-8; governed
by Islam Khan, Shayista Khan
and Ibrahim Khan, 311; under
Ja'far Khan, 312; virtually inde-
pendent, its viceroys to 'Ali Vardi
Khan, 364; Sarfaraz Khan killed
in, 365; invaded by Raghuji, 363,
441; gave no help against Nadir
Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali, 374;
invaded by Marathas, 441; land re-
venue of, 464; relations with Ara-
kan, 477
Beni Prasad, 158 n. 1, 169 n. 1
Berad(s), invaded by Dilir Khan,
256; try to relieve Bijapur; trouble-
some in Deccan, 294; harass Aur-
angzib, 296-7; allied with Mara-
thas, 297
Berar, 82; annexed by Ahmadnagar,
118; invasion by Mughuls, 137; ced-
ed to Akbar, 143; invaded by An-
madnagar, 145; Malik 'Ambar de-
feats Mughuls in, 148, 261; raided by
Shivaji, 259; invaded by Fath Khan,
263; recovered by Shah Jahan,
264; raided by Amrit Rao, 294; by
Nima Sindia, 313; by Bakht Buland,
314; governed by Raghuji Bhonsle,
365; its population, 378; encroach-
## p. 641 (#683) ############################################
INDEX
641
Berar (continued)
Bhim Singh (of Mewar), 249
ed on by Bhonsles, 379, 383; land Bhir, see Bir
:evenue of, 464
Bhiwandi, 257
Bernier, François, 227, 236, 271, 471, Bhoj, 101
481 nn. 1 and 2
Bhongaon, 35
Betavad, 381
Bhonsles (of Nagpur) conquer Gond
Beveridge, A. S. , 83 n. 2
rajas, 365, 379; see also Raghuji
Beveridge, H. , 169 n. 1
Bhopal, inconclusive battle between
Beydurs, see Berad(s), 298 n. 2
Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk near,
Bhadawar besieged by Malhar Rao, 365, 403-4
356
Bhor Ghat, 393
Bhadon, 557
Bhushangarh, 297
Bhagavad Gita, 426
Biana, see Bayana
Bhagavan, 426
Biban, 10, 17
Bhagu, 238
Bibi-ki-Masjid, 575
Bhagwa Jhanda, 416, 422, 427
Bicholim, 283
Bhagwan Das, Raja, 81, 96, 98, 101, Bidai Chand, 103
102, 105, 109; dissents from "Divine Bidar, captured by Aurangzib, 209,
Faith", 129; sent against Kabul, 134; 271; annexed by Bijapur, 269;
invades Kashmir, 135; attempts plundered by Malik 'Ambar, 262;
suicide, 136; death of, 138
occupied by Khan Dauran, but
Bhagwangola, 312
restored to Bijapur, 267; raided by
Phagwant (Bundela), 306
Janoji, 389; Nizam 'Ali at, 391
Bhagwant Rai rebels in Kora, 355 Bidar Bakht, Mu'izz-ud-din, 294, 295;
Bhairowal, 157
defeats Durga Das, 304; defeats
Bhakkar, 37, 38, 39
Jats, 305; governs Malwa, 313; 315;
Bhakta Vijaya, 427
killed at battle of Jajau, 320
Bhakti, 426
Biddulph, C. E. , 216 n. 2; on piracy,
Bhalki, 189, 264, 389
309
Bhamo, 497, 516, 518
Bigandet, 500 n. 1
Bhander, 195
bigha, 460
bhang, 230
Bihar (province), military rebellion
Bhao Sahib, see Sadashiv Rao; term in, 125, 126, 132; peace restored,
explained, 446 n. 1
139; occupied by Shah Jahan in
Bharatpur, dynasty founded, 305, rebellion, 172; plundered by Ganga
348; 418
Ram, 306; governed by 'Ali Vardi
Bhasawar, 62
Khan, 364; plundered by Raghuji,
Bhaskar Pant, invades Bengal, 367;
441
expelled, 368; killed by 'Ali Vardi Bihar (town), 306
Khan, 408
Bihari Mal, Raja, 81, 97, 102
Bhath, 87, 101
Bihar Khan (Sultan Muhammad), 11,
Bhatinda, 78
15, 46
Ehera, 9, 10, 36, 94; Akbar's vision Bihar Khan, governor of Handiya, 62
at, 119, 120
Bihishtabad, 153
Bhils, 192, 315
Bijagarh, 82
Bhilsa, 16, 342
Bijapur (kingdom), Akbar sends en-
Bhima, 198
voy to, 139; sultan of sends tribute,
Bhimsen on Maratha warfare, 300
140; congratulates Akbar on taking
Bhim Singh Hara (of Kotah), 342
Ahmadnagar, 147; restores area
Bhim Singh, Kunwar, 172, 173
taken from Ahmadnagar, 165; re-
41
## p. 642 (#684) ############################################
642
INDEX
Bijapur (continued)
conciled to Golconda, 168; pays tri-
bute to Mughuls, 169; invaded by
Malik 'Ambar, 173; dynastic dispute
in, 188; invaded by Asaf Khan, 189,
264; repels him, 190, 265; attacks
Ahmadnagar, 192, 263; aids Ah-
madnagar against Mughuls, 193;
fresh disputes in, 195; submits to
Shah Jahan, 196; well governed,
and expanding 208-9; attacked by
Aurangzib on accession of 'Ali 'Adil
Shah II, 209, 271; operations against
1666-80; Mughul relations with,
253; invaded by Jay Singh, 254-5;
rival ministers in and invaded by
Bahadur Khan, 255; invaded by
Shivaji and by Dilir Khan, 259;
annexes Bidar, 260; at war with
Shivaji and agrees to pay him
chauth, 273; invaded by A'zam, 283;
free from Mughul attacks, 284;
finally subdued, 285-6; its wealth,
378
Bijapur (town), besieged by Aurang-
zib, 271; by Dilir Khan, 278; taken
by Aurangzib and decays, 285-6;
called Dar-uz-Zafar, 286; Kam
Bakhsh crowned at, 321; ceded to
Marathas, 413; buildings at, 570-4
Bijay Singh (of Amber), 321
Bikaner, 157, 246, 333; palace at, 548
Bikramajit (of Orchha), 184, 185, 187
Bikramajit, Raja (Patr Das, Rai Ra-
yan), 149, 166, 168; his death, 171
Bilgram, 27, 430
Bilhapur, 402
Bilochpur, Shah Jahan defeated at,
171; 'Abdullah Khan defeated at,
345
Bimaristan, 166
Binnya Dala, Talaing minister, 489,
490
Binnya Dala, Talaing puppet king,
503
Bir, 145, 186, 262
Birbal, Raja, 103; accepts "Divine
Faith", 131; attacks Yusufzais and
is slain, 135; his house at Fathpur
Sikri, 542-3
Birbal, Raja, see Mitra Sen Nagar, ? 40
Bir Bhan, 55 n. 2
Bir Narayan, 88
Bir Singh, error for Bir Bhan, q. v.
Bir Singh Deo (Bundela), murders
Abu-'l-Fazl, 149, 184; 150; made
Raja by Jahangir, 156; his death,
184
Bishan Singh, Raja (of Ambar), sent
against Jats, 305
Bist, 205, 206
Bithli, 227
Black Hole, 364 n. 2
Blochmann, 111, 113
Blood, taboo on shedding royal, 499
n. 1
Blunt, E. A. H. , 152 n. 1
Bodawpaya, king of Burma, 482, 522
Bohras, 232, 315
Bolan pass, 227
Bombay ceded to English, 406
Botelho, Luis, 405
Bowrey, 481 n. 1
Brahmapuri, 290; Aurangzib's head-
quarters, 296-7
Braj, 221
Bridge at Jaunpur, 535
Bridgman, Henry (alias Evory), 309
Briggs, 392 n. 2
Brindaban, 547
Broach, 315
Brotherhood, 451-2
Bruno, 506, 509
Budaun, 369; Bangash attack Rohillas
at, 429
Buddermokan, 476
Buddha Tooth, 489, 490, 494, 497
Buddhism, in Arakan, 476; combined
with Islam, 477; in Ceylon, 480
Buddhu, 560
Budh, see Shaikh Budh
Budh Singh Hara (of Bundi), opposes
Sayyids and fights Bhim Singh of
Kotah, 341-2
Puhlul Khan, see 'Abdul-Karim Buh-
lul Khan (of Bijapur), 255, 274
Buhlul (Shaikh), see Shaikh Phul
Buhlul Lodi, 9, 45, 55
Buhlul Malik (I'timad Khan), 84
Bukhara, 2, 4, 7, 202-3, 229
>
>
## p. 643 (#685) ############################################
INDEX
643
called to coast, 390, 412; 413
Buzurg Ummed Khan, 237
Buland Akhtar, 224, 303, 304
Buland Darwaza, 544, 545-6
Bulaqi, see Dawar Bakhsh, 183
Bullion, 307, 317
Bundela (Rajputs), 117
Bundele, see Govind Pant Kher, 402
Bundelkhand, rebellion in, 184; Ju-
jhar Singh rebels in, 194; rising
quelled, 195; Champat Rai rebels
in, 201; Maratha incursions in, 290;
Baji Rao invades, 353
Bundi, 117, 303, 341
Burdwan, 112; taken by Shah Jahan,
172; Marathas surround 'Ali Vardi
Khan at, 367, 442
Burhan I (of Ahmadnagar), 148
Burhan Nizam Shah II, 138, 139; re-
fuses submission to Akbar, 140
Burhanpur, beset by Deccan powers,
168, 262; assessment of, 242; looted
by Marathas, 281; occupied by Ni-
zam-ul-Mulk, 343; walls of rebuilt
by Nizam, 384; ceded to Marathas,
413; buildings at, 575
Burhan-ud-din (of Ahmadnagar),
see Burhan Nizam Shah II, 138
Burhan-ud-din, title of Jahangir, 156
Cabral, Antonio, 106, 121
Cachar, 520
Calcutta founded by Charnock, 308
Caliphs, 324
Cambay, visited by Humayun, 24; by
Akbar, 104
Cambodia, 520
Canals, made by Firuz Shah, by 'Ali
Mardan Khan, 201, 359; by Nizam-
ul-Mulk, 385; at Mrohaung, 477;
supply Delhi fort, 557
Careri, Dr Gemelli, 318
Carnatic, Golconda acquisitions in,
207; conquered by Shivaji, 240, 259,
276; Golconda annexations in, 261,
267; invaded by Bijapur, 267; plun-
dered by Dilir Khan, 278; eastern
part of taken by Aurangzib, 290; its
division between Golconda and
Bijapur, 291; Santaji and Dhana in
eastern, 294; Dost 'Ali killed in,
365, 408; Nizam's conquests in, 368;
its riches, 378; invaded by Muzaffar
Jang, 386-7; tribute of ceded to
Marathas, 388; increase of English
power in, 390; raided by Balaji, 412
Caste abolished by Sikhs, 246
Castration forbidden, 231
Cesses, forbidden by Aurangzib, 231,
449, 469; by Firuz Tughlug, Akbar
and Jahangir, 449 and n. 1; impos-
sible to estimate yield of, 450;
abuses in, 470; in Bengal, 473
Ceylon, visited by Arakanese priests,
480; Buddha Tooth of, 489
Chaghatai, 19
Chainpur Chaund, 46 n. 1
Chakan, 257, 267, 268, 392
Chakks, 60, 198
Chakradhvaj, 235
Chalisgaon, 187
Chamiari, 73
Chamkaur, 246
Champaner, besieged by Humayun,
n. 1
2
Burhan-ud-din, Shah, his tomb, 383
Burhan-ul-Mulk (Sa'adat Khan,
q. v. ),
24; stormed, 25; 26; lost by Mu-
ghuls, 27; mosques at, 575
becomes viceroy of Oudh,
348; defeats Bhagwant Rai, 355; re-
pels Malhar Rao, 356, 403; sum-
moned against Nadir Shah, 358;
attacks him, 359; taken prisoner
and treats wtih Nadir Shah, 360;
dies and succeeded by Safdar Jang,
362
Burma, lower, attacked by Tabin-
shwehti, 483; desolated by Arakan,
494
Burma, upper, controlled by Tabinsh-
wehti, 482; by Bayinnaung, 486;
court returns to, 496; raided by
Chinese, 498; occupied by Talaings,
503; invaded by Chinese 514
Burneby, 500
Eurney, 494, 517 n. 1
Bussey, supports Salabat Jang, 387,
286, 433; seizes Hyderabad, 389; re-
-
## p. 644 (#686) ############################################
617
INDEX
9
Champat Rai (Bundela), becomes Cheto-Barda, 311
leader, 200; enters Mughul service, Chhabela Ram Nagar, deserts to Far-
201; aids Aurangzib's revolt, 213; rukh-siyar, 327; in battle against
rebels again, 230
Jahandar Shah, 328; favours Niku-
Chanda, 314
siyar, 340; governor of Allahabad,
Chanda Sahib, seizes Trichinopoly, dies, 341
and imprisoned, 384, 408; escapes Chhatrapati, 259, 380, 410
and takes Arcot, 386-7; 433
Chhatra Sal (Bundela), 306; invites
Chandan, 298
Marathas to Malwa, his career as
Chanderi, 16, 17, 47, 52, 53
rebel, 313-14; fights against Sikhs,
Chandor, 187, 259
323
Chandpur, 444
Chicacole, 389
Chandra Bhan, 220
Chid Rup, 165, 217 n. 2
Chandra Rao, Raja (of Javli), 269 Chiengmai, annexed by Bayinnaung,
Chandra Sen Jadav, 380; supports 486; lacquer work, 487; captive
Kolhapur party, 393, 399
prince of, 488; vassal king of, 490;
Chand Sultan (of Ahmadnagar), 143, taken by Anaukpetlun, 495; sends
145, 147
tribute to Alaungpaya, 510; taken
Chand Sultan (of Deogarh), 314
by Thihapate, 514
Chardin, 560
Child, Sir John, 309
Charnock, Job, expelled from Bengal Child, Sir Josia, 308
but returns and founds Calcutta, Chilkia, 431
308
Chimaji Appa, takes refuge in Purar-
Chauburji, 561
dar, 381; raids Burhanpur, 383; 396;
chaudhri, 452
invades Gujarat, 401; takes Bassein,
Chauhan Thakurs, 35
405-6; his death, 407
Chaumahalla, palace, 389
Chimaji Damodar, 380
Chaund, 46, 47
China, Chinese, ravage Burma, 497-3;
Chauragarh, taken by Asaf Khan, 88; invade upper Burma, 514, 516-17
by Jujhar Singh, 195
Chingiz, 19
Chausa, 31; battle at, 33, 51
Chingiz Khan (of Ahmadnagar), 143
chauth, first levied by Shivaji, 259; in Chingiz Khan (of Gujarat), 89, 100
Bijapur and Golconda, 273; in Car- Chini ka Rauza, 561
natic, 276; in Malkhed, 294; local Chin Qilich Khan, member of Turani
Mughul officers agree to pay, 296; party, 319; becomes Nizam-ul-
widely levied, 297; paid on customs Mulk (q. v. )
by Mughuls, 303; collected by Chintaman, 241
Chhatra Sal, 313; in Gujarat, 315, Chintamani, 221
398; promised to Shahu by Husain Chin Timur Sultan, 12, 17
'Ali, 338, 378, 395; in Gujarat, 351, Chitaldroog, 294, 295
352; in Hyderabad, 355, 379, 382; Chitor, 10, 22; taken by Bahadur
claimed in Bengal, 368; of Deccan Shah, 23; 54, 98; description of, 97;
given to Shahu, 392; defined, 392 captured by Akbar, 98-9; held by
n. 1; of the sea, 394, 404; granted by Sagar Singh, 158; not to be re-
Farrukh-siyar, 395; by Muhammad fortified, 161; new works at demu-
Shah, 396; preferred by Balaji lished, 207; temples at destroyed,
Peshwa to territory, 396; of Bengal 242, 249
ceded by 'Ali Vardi Khan, 408; led Chitpavan (Brahman), 393, 397, 400,
to disuse of assignments, 472
407, 418
Cheros, 201
Chittagong, its pirates, 190, 236-7, 473,
## p. 645 (#687) ############################################
INDEX
645
>
Chittagong (continued)
481-2; conquered by Shayista Khan,
229, 236-7; scheme by English to
annex, 308; held by Arakanese, 477;
Portuguese settlers at, 478
Chivers, 310
Christians, 240
Chunar, invested by Humayun, 22, 50;
438; of Minbin, 478; of Arakan, 480
Colgong, see Kahalgaon
Colombo, 489
Commander of the Faithful, 240
Commerce, see Trade
Conjeveram, 290, 291, 292, 295
Constantinople, 229
Contract, 454
Cooch Behar, 144, 233, 234, 236
Copper, 317
Cordier, 499 n. 4, 501 n. 1, 2, 502 n. 1,
517 n. 1
Cossacks, Marathas compared to, 381
Cotton, goods, 317; raw sold by
Burma to China, 518
Couto, 485 n. 3
Cow-killing, stopped in Marwar, 333;
permitted in Ajmer, 347
Crawfurd, 502 n. 1, 513 n. 1, 514 n. 1,
517 n. 1
Cromwell, 246
Crown lands (= khalsa, or khalsa
sharifa), 109; sacred areas in Orissa
classed as, 139; Kashmir becomes
crown land, 140; taxes in abolished
by Aurangzib, 231; Aurangzib's de-
mand from, 316; farmed by Mu-
hammad Shah, 349; peculation in,
350-1
Curiosities, 317
Customs dues, 181; used to oppress
Hindus, 242-3; commuted in Ben-
gal, disputes with Aurangzib's
officers over, 307; their yield under
Aurangzib, 316; central source of
revenue, 449; value at Surat, 450;
in Burma, 479; in Tenasserim, 488;
at Pegu, 491
Cutch, 226
Cuttack, 441, 442
Cutwa, see Katwa, 367
Dabar, 323
Dacca, Shah Shuja' at, 226, devastated
again besieged, 28; captured, 29; ac-
quisition by Sher Khan, 49; seized
by Adil Shah, 64; Adil Shah's capi-
tal, 69; taken by Akbar's forces, 81;
Akbar's first visit to, 93
Churaman (Brahman), 50
Churaman (Jat), becomes leader, 305;
joins Jahandar Shah at Agra, 328;
loots camps, 329; resists Raja Jay
Singh, 336; plunders at battle of
Bilochpur, rebels and poisons him-
self, 348
Clive, suppresses Angria, 394; at
Plassey, 423 n. 1, 443; marches
against 'Ali Gauhar, 444
Coel, see Kol
Coins, struck by Humayun at Mandu
and Champaner, 25; by Kamran, 40;
earliest of Sher Shah, 51; said to
have been struck by Himu, 72;
struck by Sulaiman in Akbar's
name, 99; in Kashmir in Akbar's
name, 124;
in Orissa in Akbar's
name, 139; of Salim as rebel, 149;
depicting Akbar, 155 n. 2; of Jahan-
gir as Burhan-ud-din, 156 n. 1; at
Ajmer, 161; of Jahangir, 179-80;
in name of Nur Jahan, 180; of
Dawar Bakhsh, 183; of Shah Jahan
at Ahmadnagar and Daulatabad,
189 n. 2; in Shah Jahan's name at
Golconda, 197; at Qandahar, 199; at
Balkh, 203; latest of Qutb Shahis,
208; of Murad Bakhsh, 211; solar
months on Shah Jahan's, 217; in
name of Aurangzib in Baltistan, 230;
of Banda Sikh, 322; Farrukh-siyar's
legal dirham, 337, n. 1; in name of
Ibrahim, 345 n. 1; in name of Nadir
Shah at 'Azimabad (Patna) and
Murshidabad, 364 n. 3; of Ahmad
Shah Abdali at Shahjahanabad,
by Portuguese pirates, 236, 479;
Feringi settlement at, 237; adorned
by Shayista Khan, 311
da Cunha, Gerson, 489 n. 2
Dadaji Kond-dev, 256
Dadar, 227
## p. 646 (#688) ############################################
646
INDEX
128,
9
Dadu, Dadupanthi, 221
da Gama, Vasco, 513
Dagon, see Rangoon, 485, 505
Dalla, 485, 491
Dal lake, 549
Dalpat Rao Bundela, 320
Dalrymple, 501 n. 2, 505 n. 2, 512 n. 1
dam, 460
Damaji Gaikwar, in Malwa, 355; ir.
Gujarat, 365, 369; at Balapur, re-
ceives title of Shamsher Bahadui,
398, 399; against Abdali, 418; at
Panipat, 422 and n. 2; withdraws,
425; keeps Gujarat, 448
Damaji II Gaikwar, 402, 411
Damaji Thorat, 393, 394
Damalcherry, 408
Daman, attacked by Mughuls,
129, 200, 219; 296
Damdama, 173
Dammazedi, 489
Danda, 101
Dandesh, 148
Daniyal, born, 102; nominal com-
mander in Deccan, 141, 145; his
conduct in Deccan, 146; honoured
by Akbar, 148; his death, 151; his
sons executed, 184
Darab Khan, 173
Dara Shukoh, 174, 201; fails to take
Qandahar, 206; but in favour with
Shah Jahan, 207; envious of Au-
rangzib, 209, 271; his own advance-
ment, 210; defeated at Samogarh,
213; escapes and pursued, 214; flies
to Punjab, 215; his religious views,
217, 230; patron of Chandra Bhan,
220; separated from Sulaiman Shu-
koh, 222; hunted through Punjab
and Sind, 223; in Gujarat, 226; de-
defeated at Deorai, captured by Ba-
loch, executed at Delhi, 227; 232
Darband-i-Ahanin, 7
darogha, 241
darshan, 230
car-ul-harb, 240
dur-ul-Islam, 240
Darvesh (of Bijapur), 188
Darya Khan, 187, 188
Dasahra festival, 150, 161, 281, 392,
401, 419
Datia, 548
Dattaji Sindia, 416, 417, 413, 444, 446
Daud (of Bengal), succeeds and in-
vades Akbar's realm, 111; resists
invasion, 112; makes peace, 113; re-
covers Bengal, 115; defeated and
slain by Mughuls, 116
Daud Khan, 226, 229
Daud Khan, Pani, 293, 301; killed at
Burhanpur, 334; his nephew Dost
'Ali, 365; as deputy viceroy of De-
ccan, 392, 393
Daulatabad, becomes capital of Ah-
madnagar, 148; 169, 187; threatened
by Shah Jahan, 189; coin struck at,
189 n. 2; besieged by Mahabat
Khan, 192; stormed, 193, 264, 265;
defended by Hamid Khan's wife
against Bijapur, 263; Khan Dauran
besieged in, 266; Abu-'l-Hasan im-
prisoned in, 290; gained by Salabat
Jang, 389; surrendered to Mughuls,
413
Daulat Khan (of Bijapur), see Kha-
vass Khan, 188
Daulat Khan (convert), 64
Daulat Khan (Lodi), 9, 11, 12
Daulat Khan (governor of Qanda-
har), 205
Laulat Khan (Sur), 46
Dachrua, 21, 49
Dawar Bakhsh, 171; proclaimed em-
peror, but murdered, 182
Daya Bahadur, 402
221
De Brito, employed by Arakan,
against Pegu, 478, 494; executed,
495
Deccan, Akbar contemplates conquest
of, 118, 134; first expeditions into,
137; missions to courts in, 139;
abortive invasion of, 141; final plans
against, 142, 144; invasion of, 145,
146; annexations in, and appoint-
ment of Daniyal as viceroy of, 148;
at Jahangir's accession, 159; Khur-
ram replaces Parviz in, 164; setties
affairs of, 165; trouble in caused by
Malik 'Ambar, 168; Shah Jahan's
Deb Dal,
## p. 647 (#689) ############################################
INDEX
647
Deccan (continued)
plans for, 185-6; famine in 1630,
186; Mughul interests suffering in,
194; land revenue settled in by
Murshid Quli Khan, 218; quiet in
first half of Aurangzib's reign, 252-
3; Shivaji's raids in Mughul, 259;
Mughul viceroyalty of defined, 266;
Aurangzib moves to, 281; tempo-
rarily subdued, 284; disturbed by
scattered Maratha bands, 290; mas-
tered by Marathas, its desolation,
300; virtually independent under
Nizam-ul-Mulk, 350, evil effects of
campaigns in, 375-6; pacified by
Nizam-ul-Mulk, 377; its revenue
under Asaf Jah, 378; its stability
under Nizam 'Ali, 391; chauth of
granted to Shahu, 392; anarchy in
at Shahu's accession, 393; fear of
Nadir Shah in, 404; land revenue
revision in by Murshid Quli Khan,
468; see also Ahmadnagar (state),
Bijapur, Golconda, Marathas
Deccanis (in Golconda), 261, 274
de Goes, Benedict, 142
Dehra Dun traversed by Mughuls, 207
De Jonge, 478 n. 2
Delhi, 12; captured by Babur, 13; be-
sieged by Hindal, 32; taken by
Himu, 71; recovered by Akbar, 73;
new city at founded by Shah Jahan,
205-6, 220; Aurangzib assumes im-
perial title at, 215; Dara executed
at, 227; Aurangzib's second coro-
nation at, 227; Jahandar Shah mur-
dered at, 330; execution of Sikhs at,
335; Baji Rao's incursion near, 356,
403; sacked by Nadir Shah, 361;
faction strife at, 415, 435-6; sacked
by Ahmad Shah Abdali, 416, 438;
plundered by Marathas, 418; be-
sieged by Holkar, 439-40; new city
at planned by Humayun, 524-5;
Sayyid-Afghan buildings at, 525;
tomb of Khan Khanan at, 552
de Mello, Pedro, 405
Deobari pass, 249
Deo Das, 82
Deogarh, 314
Deorai, 227
Deosuri pass, 249, 250
Dera Ghazi Khan, 5, 445
Devapur, 299
Devi Singh (Bundela), 306
Dewalgaon, 186
Dhammapala, 556
dhammathat, 478, 490, 497, 508, 509
Dhammathatkyaw, 490
Dhamoni, 195, 295, 313
Dhanaji (Dhana) Jadav, claims to be
commander-in-chief, 291; attacks
Zu-'l-Fiqar, 292-3; harries Belgaum
and Dharwar, 294; triumphs over
Santaji, 295; helps Berads against
Mughuls, 299; sacks Baroda, 301;
invades Gujarat, 315; his death, 393;
employs Balaji Vishwanath, 393
Dhangar caste, 398
Dhar, 398
Dharmat, 212, 247
Dharur, 188; captured by A'zam, 282,
390
Dholpur, 171, 320
Dhulia, 186
Diamonds, in Carnatic, 207, 269; in
Golconda, 378
Dig, 348, 425, 436, 548
Dilavar 'Ali Khan, 343, 378, 398
Dilawar Khan, 10, 11, 17
Dilir Khan, 253; appointed to Deccan,
255, 277; invades Bijapur without
success, 256, 277-8; quarrels with
Shah Alam, 258; replaced by Ba-
hadur Khan, 259, 278; 282, 284
Dindar, 314
Din, Din (the Faith, the Faith), 423
Dindori, 259
Din-i-Ilahi, 129-32
Dinnyawadi, 476
Dinnyawadi Yazawinthit, 495 n. 1,
505 n. 2
Dinpanah, 524-5
Diocletian, 556
Diogo, 485
Dipalpur, 11, 67
dirham, 242
Diu, 24, 26; attacked by Mughuls, 129,
200, 219
Divan-i-Babur Padishah, 20
## p. 648 (#690) ############################################
648
INDEX
"Divine Era", explained, 134; discon-
tinued by Shah Jahan, 217
“Divine Faith"; 111; Sultan Khvaja
converted to, 121; promulgation of,
129-32; Mirza Jani Beg converted
to, 137; Akbar issues regulations
for, 139; Khan A'zam converted to,
141
"Divine Language”, 132, 154
Diwan (revenue minister), 462-3
Diwan-i-Am, at Fathpur Sikri, 540;
at Agra, 554; at Lahore, 555; at
Delhi, 556, 558
Diwan-i-Khass, at Fathpur Sikri, 542-
3; at Agra, 554; at Delhi, 556
diwati, 14
Dod-Ballapur, 279
Dodderi, 294
Dohad, 350
Dome of the Rocks, 565
Don, 256
Doraha, 251
Dost Ali, loses Arcot, 368; killed by
Raghuji, 384, 408
Downing, Clement, 394 n. 1
Downton, 162
Dress, 217
Drunera, 304
Duji Bar, 346
Dukkanthein, 478
Dun, see Dehra Dun
Dunde Khan, 446
Dungarpur, 117
Dungot, 59, 60
Dupleix, aids Muzaffar Jang, 387, 433;
389; values Syriam, 506
Durga Das, 247-8, 251, 252, 283; in
Deccan, and then rebels in Marwar,
303; enters Mughul service but
again rebels twice, 304; revolts
piracy and reprisals, 310; trade in
Bengal, fortify Chinsura, 311; fac-
tory at Patna robbed by Farrukh-
siyar, 327; defeat Portuguese at sea,
404; trade profitable, 473; aid Ara-
kanese against Portuguese, 473;
purchase slaves in Arakan, 479;
settlement at Mrohaung, 480; facto-
ries in Burma, 495; expel Portu-
guese from Malacca, and predomi-
nant at Mergui, 500; ships burnt at
Ayuthia, 511; ship taken by Bur-
mese at Rangoon, 519
Dyers (European), 307, 317
against Bahadur Shah, 321
Durgavati, 88
Durjan Sal Hara, 303
Duroiselle, 497 n. 2
Durrani Afghans, 419, 420, 424
Dutch, appealed to by Muqarrab
Khan, 162; congratulate Shah
Jahan, 183; resist indigo monopoly,
218; rivalry with English, 219; de-
fence against Shivaji at Surat, 253;
Earthquake at Lahore, 568
East India Company, its early trade,
306; Sir Josia Child chairman of,
308; value of its trade in seven-
teenth century, 317; factory at Ran-
goon, 505; claims compensation for
losses at Negrais, 512
Ecbatana, 556
Ejectment of cultivators, 470
Eknath, 426
Ekoji, see Vyankaji, 256
Elephant(s), fight, 80, 152, 216; in
battle, 72, 224; used for executions,
242; use of by Hindus forbidden,
243; given as tribute by Chiengmai,
sacrificed at Shan funerals, 487;
white sought for, 487-8, 503; Gate
at Agra, 536; Gate at Fathpur Sikri,
539
Elizabeth, Queen, 135, 153
Ellichpur, 137
Elphinstone, M. , 396 and n. 2; on Ma-
ratha conquests, 416; on their defeat
at Panipat, 425
English, first to visit Akbar's court,
135; four who spoke to Akbar, 152;
first mentioned in Mughul annals,
161; their alarm in Shah Jahan's
rebellion, 172; congratulate Shah
Jahan, 183; defence at Surat against
Shivaji, 258; factory at Hubli sack-
ed by Shivaji, 275; (factors) on
Aurangzib, 282; their trading diffi-
culties, 306-7; expelled from Ben-
gal, 307-8; move headquarters from
## p. 649 (#691) ############################################
INDEX
649
English (continued)
Surat to Bombay, 308-9; pirates,
309-10; trade in Bengal, fortify
Calcutta, 311; a rising power in
Bengal, 373; rise of their power in
Carnatic, 390; at war with Angria,
394; defeat Portuguese at sea, 404;
refuse help at Bassein, 405-6; send
envoy to Shahu, 406; effect on Ma-
rathi literature, 427; trade profit-
able, 473; buy slaves in Arakan,
479; early factories in Burma,
495; killed at Mergui, 500; leave
Rangoon for Negrais, 505; killed at
Negrais, 509-10; return to Rangoon,
512
Enriques, 121
Enriquez, 513 n. 1
Erachh, 149, 185
Escheat, 472
Escurial, 220
Europeans first engaged by Muzaffar
Jang, 387
Evory (alias of H. Bridgman), 309
farman, 241; Aurangzib's for trade,
307
Farmers of land revenue, 466, 471,
472, 473, 474
Farrukhabad, founded, 352-3, 429,
431; 439, 440
Farrukh-siyar, son
of 'Azim-ush-
Shan, aims at crown, 326; pro-
claims himself emperor and defeats
‘Azz-ud-din at Khajuha, 327; de-
feats Jahandar Shah at Samogarh,
328-9; his distribution of offices,
331; his cruelty and character, 332;
his treachery to the Sayyids, 334;
marries Ajit Singh's daughter,
treated by Dr Hamilton, 335; neg-
lects state affairs, 336; intrigues
against Sayyids, 337; attempts re-
conciliation, 338; blinded and
strangled, 339, 395; his recognitich
of Shahu, 395
Fars, 357
Faruqi kings, 148; their buildings,
575-6
Fatava-i-'Alamgiri, 317
Fatehgarh, 431
Fathabad (Dharmat), 212
Fathabad (Hissar), 525
Fath Darwaza, 286
Fath Jang Khan, 54
Fath Khan (Afghan), 90
Fath Khan (son of Malik 'Ambar),
poisons king of Ahmadnagar, 189,
264; intrigues with Mughuls and
Bijapur, 192, 264; surrenders to
Mughuls, 193, 265; invades Berar,
263
Fath Khan Jat, 53, 54
Fathkhelda, name given to Shakar-
khelda, 350
Fath-Muhammadi, the, 309
Fathpur Parsaki, 96
Fathpur Sikri, 58; residence of Shaikh
Salim Chishti, birthplace of Salim
(Jahangir), city founded by Akbar
Fairs, Hindu religious forbidden, 243
Faizi, 97; composes khutba for Akbar,
at, 102, 538-47
Fath Singh, 384
Fath-ullah Khan, 298
Fath-ullah Shirazi, 462
fatwa, 63
121; envoy to Khandesh and Ah-
madnagar, 139, 140; death, 142
Fakhr-ud-Daula, 369
Fakhr-un-Nisa Begam, 85
Famine, near Delhi, 1556, 69; in Gu-
jarat, 1575, 112; in north-west India
for four years from 1595, 142; relief
works in Kashmir, 143; in Gujarat
and Deccan, 1630, 186-8, 194; in
Konkan, 283; in Deccan, 1686, 285;
common in Gujarat, 315; in Gujarat
and Deccan, 1747, 384; in Maratha
camp at Panipat, 421; in lower
Burma, 493
Fancy, the, 309
Faqr 'Ali, 31, 32
Farah, 66
Fardapur, 385
Farghana, 2, 4, 5
Farid (-Sher Khan, or Shah, q. v. ),
45, 46
Farid-ud-din, title of Sher Shah, 51
farmaish, 307
## p. 650 (#692) ############################################
650
INDEX
on
French, defence at Surat against
Shivaji, 258; penalised for piracy,
310; fortify Chandernagore, 311; ex-
ports of woollen cloth, 317; support
Muzaffar Jang and Salabat Jang
against Marathas, 387; intrigue
against Shah Nawaz Khan, 389;
support Basalat Jang, but lose in-
fluence and withdraw, 390; resist
Maratha threat Pondicherry,
408; buy slaves in Arakan, 479; mis-
sionaries killed in Burma, 500; sup-
port Talaings at Syriam, 505; mas-
sacred by Burmese, 506, captured
at Ayuthia, 515; serve guns for
Burmese, 516
French Bay, 500
Friday prayer, 324; see also khutbu
Fryer, 271, 413
Fulad, 87
Furnivall, 495, n. 1, 500 n. 1
Gadadhar Prahlad, Pratinidhi, 392,
393
Gadadhar Singh, 236
Gadai, see Shaikh Gadai
Gagan Mahall, 574
Gagraun, 80, 97
Gaikwar, rise of family, 398
Gajpur, 234
Gakkhars, 59, 60, 61, 73, 86
Galathée, the, 506
Galgala, 290, 318
Gandapur, 381
Ganga Ram Nagar, 306
Ganj-i-savai, the, 309
Gardens, round tomb, 533; made by
Babur, Akbar, Jahangir, 548; Nishat
Bagh, Shalamar (Lahore and Sri-
nagar), Sikandra, 549; Gulabi Bagh,
561; at Taj Mahall, 563; Mahtab
faujdari, 463
Fazil (or Fazail) Beg, 85
Fees, see Taxation
Fenny, 236
Fergusson, J. , 220 n. 3, 548
Feringi-bazar, 237
Feringis, 236-7
Fidai Khan, 239, 567
Firearms first used by Burmese, 509
Firuz Jang, title of 'Abdullah Khan,
q. v.
Firuz Jang (Ghazi-ud-din I), at siege
of Bijapur, 285; at Golconda, 288,
289; becomes blind, 290; defeats
Marathas in Malwa, 313; secures
peace with Chhatra Sal, 314; mem-
ber of Turani party, 319
Firuz Jang (Husain 'Ali, Sayyid, q. v. ),
327
Firuz Jang (title of Shihab-ud-din,
Ghazi-ud-din, q. v. ), 435
Firuz Jang, title of Ghazi-ud-din, son
of Nizam, 433 n. 1
Firuz Khan Sur, enthroned but mur-
dered, 64
Firuzpur, 58
Firuz Shah's Kotla, 444
Firuz Tughlug, 9, 231, 241, 449, 526
Fitch, Ralph, 135, 151, 491
Fleury the, 506
Forbes, 399, 402 n. 1
Foreigners (in Golconda), 261, 274
Forrest, 406 nn. 1 and 2
Fort St George, foundations of laid,
306
Forts, Rohtas built by Sher Shah, 52;
of Salim Shah at Delhi, 531; of
Akbar at Agra and Lahore, 535-8;
at Gwalior, 537-8; at Allahabad,
538; in Rajputana, 548; buildings in
Agra, 554; in Lahore, 555; of Shah
Jahan at Delhi, 555-8
Foster, W. , 218 n. 2
"Foster-father cohort", 75, 77, 86, 94,
100
Forster-relatives, 74
Fiankfurter, 493 n. 1
Fraser on massacre at Delhi, 361 n. 3
Fremlin, 200
Bagh, 566
Gardi troops trained by Bussy, 413,
417, 420; see also Ibrahim Khan
Gardi
Garha, 88, 314
Garha-Katanga (or Mandla), 67
Garhgaon, 234, 235, 236
Garhwal, Mughul invasions of, 20? ;
Sulaiman Shukoh takes refuge in,
## p. 651 (#693) ############################################
INDEX
651
Garhwal (continued)
228; fights with Sikhs, 246; helps
Banda to escape, 323
Gateways, 512, 533, 545; see also Bu-
land Darwaza
Gauharara, 302
Gauhati, 234, 236
Gaur, 29; occupied by Humayun, 30,
50; by Sher Shah, 51; restored as
capital by Mun‘im Khan, 114; 225;
king of receives Narameikhla, 477
Gaur clan, 252
Gawilgarh taken by Mughuls, 143
Gayer, Sir John, 310
Ghairat Khan, 283
Gham, chronogram, 189 n. 1
Ghani Khan, 84, 85
Gharib Nawaz, 502
Ghazanfar, 26
Ghazdawan, 5, 7
Ghazi Khan, 10, 11, 12
Ghazi Khan of Badakhshan, 123
Ghazipur captured by Humayun, 16
Ghazi-ud-din I, Firuz Jang (q. v. ), at
siege of Bijapur, 285
Ghazi-ud-din Khan (son of Nizam-
ul-Mulk), becomes assistant mini-
ster, 366; and father's deputy at
Delhi, 386; 387; goes to Deccan and
poisoned, 388, 412, 433-4; his titles,
433 and n. 1
Ghazi-ud-din (Shihab-ud-din, grand-
son of Nizam-ul-Mulk, afterwards
Firuz Jang, 'Imad-ul-Mulk), be-
comes paymaster general, summons
Marathas to Delhi, 415; again in-
vites them, murders Ahmad Shah;
416; his character and plots, 435;
incites Marathas against Jats and
becomes minister, 436; tries to re-
cover Punjab, 437; marries, and em-
broiled with Ahmad Shah Abdali,
438; attempts to seize 'Ali Gauhar,
440; proclaims Shah Jahan III, 444;
takes refuge with Suraj Mal, 445;
deserts Marathas before Panipat,
447; his obscure end, 448
Ghazni, 8, 14, 199, 205, 206
Gheria, 394
Ghilzais, 239, 371
Ghiyas Beg, see I'timad-ud-Daula
Ghiyas-ud-din (of Barha), 115
Ghiyas-ud-din Mahmud, see Mah-
mud (of Bengal)
Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq, 527
Ghoraghat, 112
Ghorai, 239
ghul, 12
Ghulam Qadir, 448
Gingee, surrendered to Shivaji, 276,
279; Raja Ram flies to, 284; becomes
Maratha centre in south-east, 290;
attacked by Zu-'l-Fiqar, 292; storm-
ed by him, 293
Girasias, 315
Girdhar Bahadur, besieged in Allaha-
bad, 341; transferred to Oudh, 342;
346; killed in Malwa, 353-4, 402
Giria, 'Ali Vardi Khan defeats Sar-
faraz Khan at, 365
Girishk, 206
Glass-ware, 317
Goa, Akbar's envoy to, 121; blockaded
by Bijapur, 219; threatened by Shah
'Alam, 283; Portuguese at protest
against cession of Bombay, 404; 405,
406; Burmese envoys to, 489; De
Brito recognised by, 494; see also
Portuguese
Godwar, 249
Gogi, 256
Gogunda, 115, 116
Gokla (hill), 227
Gokla (Jat), 243
Gokteik, 517
Golconda (fortress), besieged by Mu-
hammad, 270; taken by Aurangzib,
287-9; spoils acquired at, 290
Golconda (kingdom), Akbar's mission
to received favourably, 139, 140;
friendly with Bijapur, 168; pays
tribute to Mughuls, 169; refuses
help to Shah Jahan in rebellion,
172; pledges allegiance to Shah Ja-
han, 196; makes treaty with Shah
Jahan, 197; disputes over tribute of,
207; pardoned by Shah Jahan, 208;
plans for conquest of, 209, 269; at
peace with Aurangzib, 253; supports
Ahmadnagar, 261; invades Orissa,
## p. 652 (#694) ############################################
652
INDEX
Golconda (kingdom) (continued)
Bastar and Carnatic, 267; agrees to
pay Shivaji chauth, 273; aids Shi-
vaji's designs on Carnatic, 276; aids
Bijapur in final attack, 285; its cor-
rupt administration, 286; submits to
Mughuls and finally subdued, 287-
9; peacefully acquired by Nizam-
ul-Mulk, 377; its fertility and
wealth, 378; trade with Mergui, 500
Golden Company, 506, 507
Gol Gumbaz, 571-3
Gond kingdom (Gondwana), 87, 94;
invaded by Jujhar Singh, 194-5;
troubled by Marathas, 290; ruled by
chiefs of Deogarh and Chanda and
dissensions in, 314; absorbed by
Marathas, 314, 365; granted to
Shahu, 392; 464
gondhali (wandering bard), 409, 427
Gooty, 408
Gopal Rao, 383
Gopal Singh, Rao (Chandrawat), 306
Gordon, 406
Gouger, 519 n. 1
Govind Deo, 547-8
Govind Pant Kher (or Bundele), 402,
420, 421, 444
Govind Rao Chitnis, 409
Govind Singh, Guru, 244, 245, 246,
322
Govindwal, 223
Grant Brown, R. , 504 n. 2
Grant Duff, on Shivaji's early ex-
ploits, 268; on his becoming Rajput,
275; on his inspiration of Marathas,
279; on Navaits, 369 n. 1; on Mara-
tha officials, 392 n. 2; on early life
of Balaji Vishvanath, 393, 394; cn
Muhammad Shah's grants, 396; on
Maratha collections, 398 and n. 3;
on mulukgiri, 398-9 and 1;
on death of Khande Rao, 401 n. 1;
on Poona as Peshwa's capital, 410;
on Maratha civil justice, 414 n. 1;
on Balaji's administration, 414 n. 2;
on Maratha devotion to home, 414
n. 3; on Maratha plundering, 415
n. 2; on invasion of Punjab, 416
n. 2
Granth, see Adi Granth, 245
Grenard, 8
Grimon, 139
“Guest” Begs, 4
Gujarat, invaded by Humayun, 24;
n.
lost by him, 27; Sher Shah offers
help to, 51; civil war in, 103; Mirza
rebellion in, 105; Khan A'zam ap-
pointed governor of, 106; Mirzas
finally suppressed in, 108, 109; re-
venue settlement by Todar Mal, 109;
pestilence and famine in, 112; in-
surrection in, 118; further insur-
rection in, 132-3; pacified, 140; visi -
ted by Jahangir, 166; famine in
1630; 186; Murad Bakhsh rebels in,
211; its wealth and people, invaded
by Marathas, 315; misgoverned by
Haidar Quli Khan, 348; raided by
Marathas, 349; Hamid Khan and
Sarbuland Khan contend in, 350-1;
Baji Rao ravages, 353; Maratha hold
on, 398; Baji Rao crushes rivals in,
402; Gaikwar extinguishes Mughul
rule in, 411; land revenue of, 464;
grants of land revenue reduced in,
465
Gulabi Bagh, 561
Gulbadan Begam, 19, 114, 128, 129
Gulbarga, sacked by Asaf Khan, 189,
264; annexed by Mughuls, 255, 277;
occupied by Khan Dauran, but re-
stored to Bijapur, 267; captured by
Aurangzib, 271; taken by Kam
Bakhsh, 321
Gun Spirit, 507
Gurdaspur, 335
Gurus of Sikhs, 244-6, 322, 335-6
Gwalior, captured by Babur, 16, 22;
besieged by Sher Shah, 51; by Qiya
Khan, 73; taken, 76; a political pri-
son, 161, 193, 198, 201, 228, 267;
state founded by Ranoji Sindia,
398; buildings at admired by Babur,
523; tomb of Muhammad Ghaus at,
535
Gwe, 503, 505, 516
Hada, see Hara
Hadiqat, 385, 388
## p. 653 (#695) ############################################
3
n. 1
INDEX
653
Hadramaut, 229
Harmad (= Armada), 236
Hafiz, 67
Har Nand, Raja, 370
Haibat Jang appointed to Bihar, 366, Har Rai, Guru, 245
441, 442
Har Rai, Rawal, 102
Haibat Khan, 53, 54, 59, 60
Harris, 423 n. 1
Haidarabad, 570
Harun, 238
Haidar Beg, Mir, 344
Harvey, G. E. , 480 n. 5, 481 n. 1, 483
Haidar Jang, 390
n. 4, 486 n. 2, 488 n. 1, 497 n. 1,
Haidar Qasim Kuhbur, 85
499 n. 1, 503 n. 1, 504 n. 1
Haidar Quli Khan, 345, 347, 349
Hasan Abdal, 228, 239
Haji Begam, 532
Hasan Ali Khan, 243, 248, 249; in-
Haji Khan, 73, 74
vades Konkan, 282
Hajipur, 45, 46, 48, 92, 112
Hasan 'Ali, Sayyid (of Barha), sup-
Hajjaj bin Yusuf, 369 n. 1
ports Farrukh-siyar, becomes 'Ab-
Hajji Khan, 10, 11
dullah Khan (q. v. ) and Qutb-ul-
Hajo, 200; see also Kuch Hajo
Mulk, 327
Hakim 'Ali, 152
Hasan Hamidan, 310
Hakim Sur, 115
Hasan Khan (in Bihar), 90
Hakluytus Posthumus, 491 n. 1, 492
Hasan Khan Mewati, 10, 15, 16, 17
Hasan Khan Sur, 45, 46; his tomb, 526,
Haldighat, 115, 116
528
Hall, 495 n. 2, 510 n. 1
Halliday, 483 n. 3, 492 n. 2
Hasanpur, 345
"Hall of Worship", 113, 120, 122
Hashim, 369 n. 1
Hamida Begam, 38; tries to reconcile
Hashtnagar, 8
Salim to Akbar, 147
Hathi Pol, at Agra, 536; at Fathpur
Hamid Khan, uncle and deputy of
Sikri, 539
Nizam-ul-Mulk in Gujarat, 350
Hawai, 80
Hamid Khan (Abyssinian) bribes Hawa Khana, 541
Khan Jahan, 176, 263, 364
Hawkins, W. , 162, 466
Hamilton, A. , 481 n. 1, 500 nn. 1 and Hayat Bakhsh, 557
3, 502 n. 1
Hayat Bakhsh Begam, 261
Hamilton, C. J. , 317
Hazara, 238, 535
Hamilton, Dr William, cures Farrukh-
Health, captain, 308
siyar, 335
Henry IV of France, 153
hammam, at Fathpur Sikri, 546; at Herat, 4, 5; taken by Shaibani Khan,
Delhi, 557
6; occupied by Persians, 7; taken by
Hamzaban, 105
Mahmud Khan, 357; by Ahmad
Handiya, 62, 383
Shah Abdali, 371
Happy Sayings of Akbar, 131, 154
Herbert, 500 n. 1
Hara clan, 252, 282, 303, 341-2
Hidayat-kesh, 332
Hardaur Singh, 185
Higginson, 501
Hardwar disliked by Jahangir, 169 Hijili, 191, 308
Harem influences, 74
Himmat Khan, 294-5
Har Govind, Guru, 245
Himmat Khan (of Kurnool), 387
Har Har Mahadeo, invocation to Himu, his origin and influence, 64;
Shiva, 423
defeats Junaid Khan, 65; prepares
Hariharpur, English factory at, 306
to expel Mughuls and occupies
Harji Mahadik, 291-2
Delhi, 71; defeat at Panipat and
Har Kishan, 245
death, 72; his widow and father, 73
9
## p. 654 (#696) ############################################
654
INDEX
Hindal, defeats Tatar Khan, 23; de-
feats Muhammad Sultan, 27; occu-
pies Jaunpur, 28; deserts from
north Bihar, 30; at Agra, 31; revolts,
32, 51; joins Kamran, declines to
help Humayun, 33; 35; aims at Sind,
36; advances on Sehwan, 37; leaves
Humayun for Qandahar, 38; seizes
Qandahar but displaced by Kam-
ran, 40; escapes to Humayun, 41;
killed by an Afghan, 42
Hindaun, 321; taken by Marathas, 354
Hindu Baloch, 53, 54
Hindu Beg, 25, 50
Hindu-pad-padshahi, 395 n. 2, 397
Hindu Rao, 299, 301
Hingangaon, 393
Hira Mahall, 557
Hirananda Shastri, 87 n. 2
Hirapur, 277
Hisar (Badakhshan), 4, 7,
8
Hissar (Firuza), 12, 22, 45, 67, 74
Hkrit, 476
Hlaingtha gate, 512
Hluttaw, 502, 508
Hmannan, 500
Hmawdin, 478, 491
Hodivala, 134 n. 1, 153 n. 1, 180 n. 3
Hodson, 509 n. 3
Hooghly, Portuguese at, 190; siege of,
191; captured, 192; English factory
at 306; sacked by English, 308;
seized by Orissa Afghans, 311; 0C-
cupied by Marathas, 367
Horses, 317
Hoskote, 279
Hosten, 477 n. 3, 562 n. 1
Hpalaung ( Portuguese, q. v. ), 477
Hsenwi, 516
Hsinbyugyun, 508
Hsinbuymyashin pyatton, 490
Hsinbuyshin, king of Burma, raids
Manipur and restores Ava, 512;
treats his officers badly, 516; visits
Rangoon, 519; dies 520; nominated
Singu as successor,
Hugli, see Hooghly
Hukumat-panah, 291
Humayun, birth, 5; gains victory near
Hissar, 12; protects widows of Raja
of Gwalior, 13; takes Jaunpur and
Ghazipur, 16; at battle of Khanua,
Returns to Badakhshan, 17; revisits
Agra, illness and recovery, succes-
sion to Babur, 18; divides the goy-
ernment, besieges Kalinjar, scatters
Afghans at Daunrua, 21; arranges
peace with Sher Khan, troubles
with the Mirzas and quarrel with
Bahadur Shah, 23, 50; takes Raisen,
defeats Bahadur Shah, 23; takes
Mandu, occupies Malwa and invades
Gujarat, 24; storms Champaner and
occupies Ahmadabad, 25; returns to
Mandu, 26; loses Gujarat and Mal-
wa, 27; delays at Agra, siege of
Chunar, 28; takes Chunar, meets
Mahmud, and advances towards
Bengal, 29; retreats to Bihar, 30;
halts at Chausa, 31; defeated by
Sher Khan at Chausa, flies to Agra,
33, 61; meets his brothers, moves
against Sher Shah, 34; defeated by
Sher Shah near Kanauj, flies to
Punjab, 35, 51; his wavering plans,
36; takes refuge in Sind, besieges
Bhakkar, 37, 51; marries Hamida
Begam, fails in Sind, 38; his suffer-
ings in Rajputana, 39; leaves Sind,
takes refuge in Persia, and with
Persian help takes Qandahar, 40;
expels Kamran from Kabul, but
loses and regains it, 41; reconciled
to Kamran who again rebels, 12;
his character, 43; his return
India, 61; takes an omen, 66; ad-
vances to Lahore and Sirhind, 67;
defeats Sikandar Shah, and enters
Delhi, 68; death, 69; his tomb, 227,
532-5, 562; Farrukh-siyar buried
in his tomb, 339; 357; 'Alamgir II
buried in his tomb, 444; his new
522
Huart, Cl. , 217 n. 2
Huber, 517 n. 1
Hubli, 275
city at Delhi, 524
Humayun Bakht, 332
hun (coin), 197, 207 n. 1, 256, 258,
259, 273
9
0
1
## p. 655 (#697) ############################################
INDEX
655
Husain 'Ali, Sayyid (of Barha, later
Amir-ul-Umara, Firuz Jang), sup-
ports Farrukh-siyar, 327; becomes
paymaster, 331; suppresses revolt
in Marwar, 333; appointed viceroy
of Deccan, 334, 341; returns to Del-
hi, 338; urges murder of Farrukh-
siyar, 339; takes Agra fort, 340;
quarrels with 'Abdullah Khan, 342;
his nephew killed, 343; murdered,
344, 399; his compromise with Pe-
shwa, 395
Husain Baiqara, see Sultan Husain
Baiqara
Husain Beg, 157
Husain Dost Khan, see Chanda Sahib,
tions with Jahangir and Malik 'Am-
bar, 260-4; his tomb, 573
Ibrahim Husain Mirza, 94, 105, 106,
108
Ibrahim Khan (brother of Nur
Jahan), 172
Ibrahim Khan (viceroy of Bengal),
308, 311, 312
Ibrahim Khan Gardi, gained over by
Nizam 'Ali, 389; enters Peshwa's
service, 390, 413; in army against
Abdali, 417; at Kunjpura, 419; at
Panipat, 420, 421, 422 and n. ? ;
433
Husain Khan Nuhani, 15
Husain Khan, Sayyid (of Barha), 322
Husain Nizam Shah III of Ahmad-
nagar, succeeds, 189, 264; sent to
Gwalior, 193
Husain Quli Khan (Khan Jahan), at-
tempts to capture Sharaf-ud-din
Husain, 85; pursues Rana, 98; to
govern Punjab, 100; sent against
Nagarkot, 103; captures Mirzas, 106;
receives title Khan Jahan, 108
Husain Shah, king of Arakan, 478
Hyderabad (city), sacked by Muham-
mad Sultan, 270; captured by Mu-
ghuls, 285; again sacked, 287; Kam
Bakhsh killed near, 321; becomes
capital of Nizam-ul-Mulk, 350, 377,
399; walls of built by Nizam, 385
Hyderabad (state), founded, 377; its
wealth, 378; its decline, 386; large
cessions to Marathas from, 391, 413;
but ultimate recovery, 391; Balaji
Baji Rao's designs on, 410
taken and killed, 424
Ibrahim Khan Sur, 45; assumes royal
title, 65; withdraws to Bengal, 70;
expelled from Jaunpur, 77
Ibrahim Khan Uzbeg, 81, 91, 92, 93
Ibrahim Lodi, 9, 10, 11, 12, defeated
and slain at Panipat, 13; 19, 46
Ibrahim, Mir (of Golconda), created
Mahabat Khan, 305
Ibrahim Rauza, 573-4
Idar, 108
Ikhtiyar Khan, 24, 25
Ikhtiyar-ul-Mulk, 108
'Imad-ul-Mulk (of Gujarat), 25
'Imad-ul-Mulk, title of Ghazi-ud-din,
son of Nizam, 433 n. 1
'Imad-ul-Mulk, title of Ghazi-ud-din
(Shihab-ud-din) (q. v. ), 435
imala, 58
imam, 57
Imam Quli (of Samarqand), 170, 202
Imams, the, 122
'imaratlar, 14
Imole, 509
Imphal, 509
'Inayat Khan, 251
'Inayat-ullah Kashmiri, 337, 339, 346
Inchbird, 406, 407
Indapur, 268
Indigo, Shah Jahan's monopoly of,
218, 449; export of, 317; Akbar's re-
venue rate on, 460
Indore founded by Malhar Rao Hol-
kar, 398
Indrakhi, 306
Indra Singh, 247, 248
Indur (Nizamabad), 173
>
'Ibadat-Khana, or “Hall of Worship",
113
Ibn Husain, 237
Ibrahim (son of Rafi'-ush-Shan) pro-
claimed emperor, 345
Ibrahim 'Adil Shah II (of Bijapur),
congratulates Akbar on conquest of
Ahmadnagar, 147; pays tribute to
Jahangir, 165; his death, 188; rela-
## p. 656 (#698) ############################################
656
INDEX
Italian, missionaries, 500; art, 558
I'tibar Khan, 310
I'timad Khan, see Buhlul Malik, 84, 89
I'timad Khan (of Gujarat), 103, 104,
132, 133
I'timad Khan (of Surat), 310
I'timad-ud-Daula, becomes revenue
minister, 156; with Jahangir against
Khusrav, 157; 163; death of, 169;
his tomb, 179, 552-3
I'timad-ud-Daula, title of Muhammaa
Amin Khan, Turani (q. v. ), 331
I'timad-ud-Daula, title of Qamar-ud-
Infallibility, doctrine of and Decree,
din, 346
I'tiqad Khan, see Muhammad Murad,
337
I'tiqad Khan, Zu-'l-Fiqar Khan, Nus-
rat Jang, besieges Raigarh, 284; sed
also Zu-'l-Fiqar Khan
Ives, 394 n. 1
'Iwaz Khan, 380
122, 123
Infanticide, 181
Ingabu, 483
Inheritance as source of revenue, 419
Intermarriage of Hindus and Muslims,
117, 125, 161, 181; forbidden by
Shah Jahan, 217
Intizam-ud-Daula, 436, 444
Inu Mand, 301
Iqbal Khan, 60
Irani party, 319; described, 331; com-
bine with Turanis against Sayyids,
343
Irij, Irichh, see Erachh
Irrigation, see Canals, 201
Irvine, W. , 74 n. 1, 331 n. 1; on Far-
rukh-siyar, 339; on Bangash Pa-
thans, 353 n. 1; on Maratha raids,
399 n. 1; on Muhammad Khan in
Bundelkhand, 402 n. 2; on Baji
Rao's raid, 403 n. 1; on Nizam at
Delhi, 403 n. 2
'Isa Khan Niyazi, 55, 526
'Isa Tarkhan, Mirza, 569
Isfahan, 357
Ishwar Dar Nagar, 304
Iskandar Khan Uzbeg, 71; becomes
Khan 'Alam, 73; 91, 92, 93, 96
Islamabad Chittagong, 237
Islamic law of land revenue, 471
Islam Khan Chishti, 161; his tomb, 544
Islam Khan Rumi, 255
Islampuri = Brahmapuri, 290
Islam Shah (Jalal Khan) Sur, suc-
ceeds Sher Shah, opposes 'Adil
Khan, suspects old nobles, 58; de-
feats Niyazis, procures murder of
Khavass Khan, 59; attacks Gakkh-'
hars, receives Kamran, 60; dies, 61;
his treatment of the Mahdavis, 62;
his character, 64; his tomb, 528; his
fort at Delhi, 531
Islim Shah Islam Shah, 58
Isma‘il (of Ahmadnagar), 138
Isma'ilia sect, 232, 315
Isma‘il Khan Maka, 292
Isma'il Khan Rumi, 562
Isma'il Quli, 85, 86
Isma'il Shah Safavi, 6, 7, 11, 18, 19
9
Jackson, captain, 505
Jadrup, see Chid Rup, 165 n. 1
Jadu Rai, 186, 187
Ja'far Khan, his earlier titles, be-
comes revenue minister of Bengal,
312; becomes deputy governor of
Bengal and viceroy of Orissa, 331,
341; his death, 364
Ja'far Zatalli, 332
Jagad-Guru, 264
Jagannath (town), 139, 140
Jagannath Singh, Raja, 157, 158
Jagat Singh, 145, 200
Jagdalik, 5, 239
Jagdia, 479
jagir, jagirdar, 300; Aurangzib's de-
mand from, 316; see also Assign-
ments
Jahanara, 233
Jahandar Shah (Mu'izz-ud-din),
eldest son of Bahadur Shah, 325;
becomes emperor, his character,
326; dismisses Hasan 'Ali,
from Delhi to Agra, 327; defeated
at Samogarh by Farrukh-siyar,
328-9; murdered at Delhi, 330
Jahangir (prince Salim), his mother,
8, 102; his birth, 102; refuses com-
moves
## p. 657 (#699) ############################################
INDEX
657
Jahangir (Prince Salim) (continued)
mand in Deccan, 144, 145; appointed
governor of Ajmer, 145; fails in
Mewar and proposes
revolt in
Punjab, 146; diverted towards
Bengal and rebels at Allahabad,
147, 148; incites murder of Abu-'l-
Fazl, 149; reconciled to Akbar, his
drunkenness, 150; suicide of his
first wife, and disgrace, 151; his
supporters, 152; acknowledged as
heir to Akbar, 153; his portrait of
his father, 155; his policy on suc-
cession, 156; crushes Khusrav's re-
bellion, his state anxieties, 157; in-
vades Mewar, 158; receives Roe,
162; his intemperance, 163, 164, 167,
169, 180; moves to Mandu, 164, 260;
his pleasure at Khurram's success
in Deccan, 165; visits and dislikes
Gujarat, 166; his delight in Kash-
mir, 167; in failing health, 168; his
sorrow at death of Khusrav, 169;
receives Persian embassies, 170;
seized by Mahabat Khan, 175; his
last illness, 177; death and charac-
ter, 178-82; his treatment of Guru
Arjan, 245; describes Fathpur Sikri,
539; his love of gardens; 548-50;
builds Akbar's tomb, 549; his tomb,
551-2
Jahangiri Mahall, 537, 554
Jahangirnagar, 190
Jahan Khan, 416, 445
Jahan-kusha-i-Nadiri, 361 n. 2
Jahannumabad, 166
Jahan Shah, son of Bahadur Shah,
325; killed resisting Jahandar Shah,
* 326; his son Raushan-Akhtar, Mu-
hammad Shah, 340
Jahanzib Banu, 282, 301
Jahi Singh, 335
Jai Mal, 82, 98
Jaintia, 520
Jaitpur, 353
Jajau, battle of, 320; service of Barha
Sayyids at, 327
Jalalabad (in Afghanistan), 85
Jalalabad (in United Provinces), 322
Jalal Khan (son of Bihar Khan), 46,
48, 49
Jalal Khan (son of Sher Shah), 29,
30, 50; enthroned as Islam Shah q. v.
Jalal-ud-din Bahadur Shah (of Ben-
gal), 73
Jalal-ud-din Miran Shah, 94
Jalal-ud-din, Qazi, 123
Jalal-ud-din (Raushanai), 138, 147
Jalesar (in Etah district), 431
Jaleswar (in Orissa), 367, 368
jalla jalaluhu, 131
Jalna, 186, 380
Jalodhan, 266
Jam, 166
Jamali Masjid, 529, 530
Jamal Khan (I), 45
Jamal Khan (II), 77
James II of England, 500
jamʻi (=caste), 15
Jami' Masjid, at Sambhal, 524; at
Fathpur Sikri, 540, 543-5; at Jaun-
pur, 548; at Delhi, 555, 558-9; at
Agra, 558; at Tatta, 569; at Bija-
pur, 573; at Burhanpur, 575
Jamkhed, 187
Jammu, 246, 323
Jamrud, 5, 247, 319, 358
Jani Beg, Mirza, 137
Janid chief of Transoxiana, 184, 202
Jani Khan, 328
Janjira, attacks Shivaji, 274; occli-
pies Bombay, 309
Janki Ram, Raja, 442
Jankoji Sindia, escapes from Barari
Ghat, 416, 446; marches to Panipat,
418; his place in battle, 422 ard n.
2; in command at Delhi, 445
Jannatabad (Gaur), 30
Janoji Bhonsle, 389, 442
Jari Phatka, 422
Jasvant Singh, Raja (of Marwar),
212, 224, 239; his death, 247; 257,
258, 273
Jatapon, 500
Jats, rebel against Aurangzib; 243;
many becomes Sikhs, 246; acquire
military habits and threaten Agra,
305; join Jahandar Shah, 328; loot
camps, 329; become predatory po-
wer, 336; rebel, quarrel among
9
9
42
## p. 658 (#700) ############################################
658
INDEX
Jats (continued)
themselves and are subdued by
Jay Singh, 348; join Marathas
against Bangash and Rohilla Af-
ghans, 431; defeat Zu-'l-Fiqar Jang,
431-2; disliked by Rajputs, 432;
threatened by Marathas, 436; atta-
cked by Ahmad Shah Abdali, 438-9
jauhar, at Chitor, 98; Jujhar Singh's
in Golconda, 195
Jauhar, Sidi, 257, 273
Jaund, see Chaund, 46 n.
