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) of nectar (drop € véktapos, Od. ix. 359). Later
Artaxerxes III. (Ochus), soon after his accession in writers sometimes by nectar understand á fragrant
B. C. 359, made several attempts to recover Egypt; balm which prevents the decomposition of organic
but the generals, whom he sent thither, were bodies, as, in fact, even in Homer (I. xix. 39),
utterly defeated by Nectanabis, through the skill | Thetis prevents the body of Patroclus becoming de-
mainly of two experienced commanders in his composed by anointing it with ambrosia and nectar
service, Diophantus, of Athens, and Lamius, of|(comp. Ov. Met. iv. 250). Some of the ancient
Sparta. The failure of the Persian attacks on poets, moreover, described nectar not as the drink,
Egypt encouraged Phoenicia also and Cyprus to but as the food of the immortals, that is, they made
revolt, and Artaxerxes accordingly (leaving the it the same as ambrosia. (Athen. ii. p. 39 ; Eu-
reduction of Cyprus to IDRIEUS) resolved to put stath. ad Hom. p. 1632. )
(L. S. )
himself at the head of an expedition which should NECTA'RIÙS (Nextáplos), was the successor
crush the Phoenician rebellion, and should then of Gregory of Nazianzus, and the predecessor of
proceed to take vengeance on Nectanabis. It John Chrysostom, as bishop of Constantinople.
therefore became necessary for his own defence His occupancy of the episcopal chair between two
that the Egyptian king should succour the Phoe- such men would have required extraordinary merit
nicians, and we find him accordingly despatching to make him conspicuous. But, in truth, though
MENTOR, the Rhodian, to their aid with 4000 he does not seem to merit the epithet applied to
mercenaries. But Mentor went over to Artaxerxes, him by Gibbon, " the indolent Nectarius," the fact
and, after the subjugation of Phoenicia, accom- of his having been appointed at all is the most
panied him in his invasion of Egypt. Nectanabis remarkable thing in his personal history. When
had made large and active preparations for defence ; Gregory, as has been related [Vol. II. p. 313), re-
but, according to Diodorus, his presumptuous con- signed his office, A. D. 381, it was during the
fidence made him think that he could conduct the meeting of the second oecumenical council at Con-
campaign alone, while his utter unfitness for the stantinople. Nectarius, a senator, and a man of
command of an army (obvious enough indeed in the highest family, was a native of Tarsus. The
his former war with the Mendesian pretender) ecclesiastical historians relate that, at this time, he
caused his ruin. Some of his troops having sus- intended to visit his native place, and previously
tained a defeat from Nicostratus and Aristazanes, waited on Diodorus, the bishop of Tarsus, who was
he adopted in alarm the fatal step of shutting in Constantinople attending the council. Diodorus,
himself up in Memphis. Here he remained without along with the other bishops, was perplexed as to
a struggle, while town after town submitted to the whom they should nominate to the vacant see.
enemy, and at length, despairing of his cause, he Struck by the majestic appearance and the white
fled with the greater part of his treasures into hair of Nectarius, taking for granted that he had
Aethiopia. Another account, viz. that of Lynceus been baptized, Diodorus requested Nectarius to
(ap. Ath. iv. p. 150, b), represents him as having postpone his departure, and recommended him to
been taken prisoner by Artaxerxes, and kindly Flavian, bishop of Antioch, as a fit person to suc-
treated, while a third story brings him to Mace- ceed Gregory. Flavian langhed at the strange
donia, and makes him become the father of Alex- proposal, but, to oblige his friend, put his naine
ander the Great, having won the favours of I last on the list, which he, as well ils the other
lo; comp. Heeren, African Namas
, 389, &c; Bunsen, deportes y
Plachte, vol
. již. p. 141. &c)
1X4 BIS, NECTA NEBUS, & NB
ES (Nectarabis, Nerários
, Nar
of Egypt, the first of the threatenet
the Sebennite drnastr, samt
is on the throne about AG
ing rear, successfullt resisted the
rsian force under Pharzatains and let
ning partly to the natural adraotz
ịp for delence, and rarily to the country
cautious conduct of Phamnataras Natura
d after a reign of ten rears, aut
, and was succeeded or Tachos Doces
Tim. ir. 3; Bunsen. Ang pas
peach rol iï. rizedesbuci
, pa tly the
Vep. In 2; comp. Reidarz 12


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1150
NECTARIUS.
NELEUS.
bishops, presented to the emperor. To the aston: the Eastem church-a penitential priest having
ishment of all, Theodosius selected Nectarius, and been appointed, whose office it was to receive the
persisted in his choice, even when it was ascer- confessions of those who had fallen into sin, after
tained that he had not yet been baptized. The baptism, and prescribe acts of penitence previously
bishops at last acceded to the wish of the monarch, to their being admitted to partake of the privileges
who had so stoutly opposed the Arians, while the of the church. The last council (not oecumenical)
people, attracted probably by the gentle manners at which Nectarius presided was held in Constan-
and the venerable appearance of the man, present. tinople in 394, regarding a dispute as to the
ing as he did every way a strong contrast to bishopric of Bostria. Nectarius survived his
Gregory, loudly applauded the choice. Nectarius patron, Theodosius, two years, dying on the 27th
was baptized, and, before he had time to put off of September, 397. He seems to have borne his
the white robes of a neophyte, he was declared honours meekly, and to have acted with great dis-
bishop of Constantinople. Most important matters cretion. In the subtle controversies that agitated
came under the consideration of the council, over the church, we learn that he avoided discussion
which it is probable he was now called to preside. himself, and was guided by the advice of men
He showed his discretion by putting himself under better skilled in the puzzling dialectics of the time.
the tuition of Cyriacus, bishop of Adana ; but we If the conjecture of Tillemont (vol. ix. p. 486) be
can hardly believe that he took any active part in correct, he was married, and had one son. His
the theological questions which were discussed. It brother Arsatius succeeded John Chrysostom as
is doubtful whether the canons that were enacted, patriarch of Constantinople. (Fleury, Hist. Eccles.
under the name of the second oecumenical council, vol. iv. v. cc. 18, 19; Socrat. H. E. v. 8, 13;
were not passed at two different sessions, a second Sozom. II. E. vii. 8, 9, 14, 16, viii. c. 23. ) Nec-
taking place in 382. But this does not matter much, tarius wrote (Cave doubts this) a homily De S.
as they all bear the name of this council. The prin- Theodoro, a martyr, whose festival is held by the
cipal business transacted in the council, theologi- Greek church on the first sabbath of Lent. The
cally considered, related to the confirming and original is said to exist in several libraries, and a
extending of the Nicene Creed, mainly to meet the Latin version was printed, Paris, 1554, with some
opinions of the Macedonians. The creed thus Homilies of Chrysostom. Also his Sententia Sy
enlarged is that used at the mass of the Roman nodalis de Episcopatu Bostrensi, is given in Jure
Catholic church. Other canons regulated discipline, Graec. Roman. lib. iv. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.
the restriction of the authority of each bishop to ix. p. 309, vol. X. p. 333; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. i.
his own diocese, and the restoration of penitent p. 277. )
(W. M. G. )
heretics. The most important article of all, how- NEDA (N68a), an Arcadian nymph, from whom
ever, historically considered, was one which was the river Neda and also a town (Steph. Byz. s. r. )
conceded not more to the natural propriety of the derived their name. She was believed, conjointly
arrangement, than to the personal favour which the with Theisoa and Hagno, to have nursed the infaut
emperor bore to Nectarius. It was decreed, that Zeus (Callim. Hymn. in Jov. 38 ; Paus, viii. 38. $
as Constantinople was Nero Rome, the bishop 3). În a Messenian tradition Neda and Ithonie
sliould be next in dignity to the bishop of Rome, were called nurses of Zeus (Paus. iv. 33. § 2).
and hold the first place among the Eastern pre She was represented at Athens in the temple of
lates. This, which was at first a mere mark of Athena (Paus. viii. 47. § 2. ) (L. S. ]
dignity, becaine a source of substantial power, em- NEDU'SIA (Nedovola), a surname of Athena
broiled Constantinople with Rome, and was preg: under which she had a sanctuary on the river
nant with all those circumstances that have marked Nedon (from which she derived the name), and
this important schism. Nectarius was the first another at Poieessa in the island of Cos. The
who held the dignity of ex officio head of the latter was said to have been founded by Nestor on
Eastern bishops, as patriarch of Constantinople. his return from Troy, and to have derived its name
These canons were signed on the 9th of July, 381. from Nedon, a place in Laconia. (Strab. viii. p.
The zeal of Theodosius in the extirpation of 360, x. p. 487 ; Steph. Byz. s. v. Nédw. ) (LS. )
Arianism led to the summoning of a council (not NEIS (Nnis), a daughter of Zethus, or of Am-
oecumenical) at Constantinople, in July, 383. phion by Niobe, from whom the Neitian gate at
There assembled the chiefs of all the sects. By Thebes was believed to have derived its name (Schol.
the advice of Sisinnius, afterwards a Novatian ad Eurip. Phoen. 1104). According to Pausanias
bishop, given through Nectarius, the emperor en-Neis was a son of Zethus (ix. 8. § 3). (L. S. )
snared his opponents into an approval of the writ- NELEIDES, NELEIADES, and NELEIUS
ings of the early fathers. He then required of (Nnelons, Nnaniádns, Nnańños), patronymics of
each sect a confession of its faith, which, having Neleus, by which either Nestor, the son of Neleus,
read and considered, he condemned them all, and or Antilochus, bis grandson, is designated. (Hom.
followed up this condemnation by the most strin- n. viii. 100, xi. 617, 1. 87, xxiii. 514 ; 0v. Met.
gent laws, for the purpose of entirely rooting thein xii. 553 ; Herod. v. 65. )
(L. S. ]
out. As might have been expected, Nectarius was NELEUS (Nnaeus), a son of Cretheus and
obnoxious to the Arians, and we find that in 388, Tyro, the daughter of Salmoneus. Tyro, pı :vious
while the emperor Theodosius was absent in Italy, to her marriage with Neleus, is said to have
opposing Maximus, a rumour that had arisen of loved the river-god Enipeus ; and in the form of
the defeat and death of the prince having excited Enipeus Poseidon once appeared to her, and be-
their hopes, a riot ensued, in the course of which came by her the father of Pelias and Neleus (Hom.
they set fire to the house of Nectarius. In the Od. xi. 234, &c. ).
Tyro exposed the two boys,
year 390, Nectarius, alarmed by the public odium but they were found and reared by horse herds,
which had been excited by the seduction of a and when they had grown up they learned who
woman of quality by a deacon, abolished the prac- their mother was, and Pelias killed their foster-
tice of confession which had been introduced into mother, who liad ill-used Tyro (Apollod. i 9. $ 8).


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NELEUS.
1151
NEMESIANUS.
After the death of Cretheus, the two brothers cus. He was a disciple of Aristotle and Then
quarrelled about the succession to the throne of phrastus, the latter of whom bequeathed to hima
lolcus Neleus, who was expelled, went with his library, and appointed him one of his execu-
Melampus and Bias to Pylos, which his uncle tors. The history of the writings of Aristotle as
Aphareus gave to him (Apollod. i. 9. $9 ; Diod. connected with Neleus and his heirs, is fully dis-
iv. 68). Neleus thus became king of Pylos, which cussed elsewhere. (Vol. I. p. 323. ) Of the per-
town he found in existence when he arrived there ; sonal history of Neleus nothing further is known.
but some state that he himself built Pylos, or at (Strab. xiii. p. 608, b; Diog. Laërt. v. 52, 53, 55,
least that he erected the royal palace there (Paus. 56 ; Athen. į p. 3, a; Plut. Sull. p. 468. b;
iv. 2. & 3, 36. § 1). It should be observed that Fabric. Bibl. Gruec. vol. iii. p. 499. ) [C. P. M. )
several towns of the name of Pylos claimed the NEMEA (Neuéa), a daughter of Asopus, from
honour of being the city of Neleus or of his son whom the district of Nemea between Cleonae and
Nestor, such as Pylos in Messenia, Pylos in Elis, Phlius in Argolis was said to have received its
and Pylos in Triphylia ; the last of which is pro name. (Paus. ii. 15. § 3, v. 22. & 5. ) (L. S. )
bably the one mentioned by Homer in connection NEMEIUS (Neueius ), the Nemeian, a surname
with Neleus and Nestor (Strab. viii. p. 337). of Zeus, under which he had a sanctuary at Argos,
Neleus was married to Chloris, who, according to with a bronze statue, the work of Lysippus, and
Homer (Od. xi. 280, &c. ), was a daughter of Am- where games were celebrated in his honour. (Paus.
phion of Orchomenos, and according to others ii. 20. § 3, 24. & 2. )
(L. S. )
(Diod. hc. ) a Theban woman, and by her he be- NEMERTES (Nnueptńs), that is, the Unerring,
came the father of Nestor, Chromius, Periclymenus, a daughter of Nereus and Doris. (Hom. Il. xviii.
and Pero, though the total number of his sons was 46 ; Hes. Theog. 262. )
(L. S. )
twelve (Od. xi. 285, Il. xi. 692 ; Apollod. i. 9. $ NEMESIA'NUS, M. AUREʻLIUS OLY'M-
9 ; Schol ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 156). When He- PIUS, who, in all probability, was a native of
racles had killed Iphitus, he went to Neleus to be Africa, since he is styled in MSS. Poeta Curthu-
purified ; but Neleus, who was a friend of Eurytus, giniensis, and is referred to as Aurelius Curtha-
the father of Iphitus, refused to purify Heracles giniensis by Hincmar archbishop of Rheims (A. D.
(Diod. iv. 31). In order to take vengeance, Hera- 845), flourished at the court of the emperor Carus
cles afterwards marched against Pylos, and slew the (A. D. 283), carried off the prize in all the poeticul
sons of Neleus, with the exception of Nestor (Hom. contests of the day (omnibus coronis (not coloniis ]
II. xi. 690), though some later writers state that illustratus emicuit), and was esteemed second to
Neleus also was killed (Apollod. ii. 6. & 2, 7. $ 3; the youthful prince Numerianus alone, who no-
Hygin. Fab. 10). Neleus was thus reduced to a noured him so far as permit him to dispate,
state of defencelessness, and Augeas, king of the and, of course, to yield to the palm of verse.
Epeians, availed himself of the opportunity for Vopiscus, to whom we are indebted for these par-
harassing his kingdom ; among other things ticulars, informs us that he was the author of
Augeas intercepted and kept for himself a team of poems upon fishing, hunting, and aquatics (árlev-
four horses which Neleus had sent to the Olympian τικά, κυνηγετικά, ναυτικά, unless we read iξευτικά),
games (Hom. n. xi. 699, &c. ). Neleus took ven- all of which have perished, with the exception of a
geance for this by carrying away the flocks of the fragment of the Cynegetica, extending to 325
Epeians (1. xi. 670, &c. ), whereupon the latter hexameter lines, which, in so far as neatness and
invaded the territory of Pylos, and besieged Thry- purity of expression are concerned, in some degree
oëssa on the Alpheius Athena informed Neleus justifies the admiration of his contemporaries.
of it, but he would not allow. his son Nestor to What has been preserved contains precepts for
venture out against the Epeians, and concealed his rearing horses and dogs, and for providing the
war steeds. But Nestor fought against them on apparatus of the huntsman, but is evidently merely
foot, and was victorious (11 xi. 707, &c. ). Pau- an introduction to the main body of the work,
sanias says (ii. 2. $ 2) that Neleus died at Corinth, which seems to have embraced a very wide field,
and that he, in conjunction with Nestor, restored and to have been intended to contain a coni-
the Olympian games. The descendants of Neleus, plete account of all the beasts of chase, and of the
the Neleïdae, were expelled from their kingdom by various methods pursued for their capture or de
the Heracleidae, and migrated for the most part to struction.
Athens (Paus. ii. 18. & 7, iv. 3. & 3). It should Two short fragments, De Aucupio, which, with
be observed that Hyginus (Fab. 10, 14) calls the their history, will be found in the Poetae Latini
father of Neleus Hippocoon, and that he mentions Minores of Wernsdorf (vol. i. p. 128), and liks
him among the Argonauts.
[L. S. ) wise a piece entitled Laudes Herculis, the work of
NELEUS (Nneús or Neleos), the younger some unknown writer, have been ascribed, on no
son of Codrus, disputed the right of his elder good evidence, to Nemesianus (Wernsdorf, vol. i.
brother Medon to the crown on account of his p. 275); and he is by some erroneously supposed
lameness, and when the Delphic oracle declared in to bave been the author of four out of the eleven
favour of Medon, he placed himself at the head of pastorals which bear the name of Calpurnius
the colonists who migrated to lonia, and himself Siculus (CaLPURNIUS), and to have been sha-
founded Miletus. His son Aepytus headed the dowed forth in one of the others (the fourth)
colonists who settled in Priene. Another son under the designation of Meliboeus. The inscrip-
headed a body of settlers who reinforced the in- tion “Ad Nemesianum Carthaginiensem," prefixed
habitants lasus, after they had lost a great to these eclogues, in many editions, rests upon the
number of their citizens in a war with the Carians. authority of no MSS. , except such as are of recent
(Herod. ix. 97 ; Paus. vii. 2, § 1, who in the old date, and is now generally regarded as an inter-
edition calls him Neileus ; Polyb. xvi. 12 ; Suidas, polation.
8. v. 'Iwvla ; Strab. xiv. p. 633. ) (C. P. M. ) The fragment of the Cyegetica was first pub-
NELEUS, a native of Scepsis, the son of Coris- | lished by the heirs of Aldus (8vo. Venet. 1534),
:


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1152
NEMESIS.
NEMESILS.
in a volume containing also the poem of Gratius branch of an ash tree, and in her right a wheel,
Faliscus upon hunting, and a bucolic ascribed to with a sword or a scourge. (Hirt, Mythol. Bilderb.
Nemesianus. It will be found along with the p. 97, &c. )
(L. S. ]
lines De Aucupio, in the Poetae Latini Minores NEMESIUS (Neudonos). 1. The author of a
of Burmann, 4to. Lug. Bat. 1731, vol. i. pp. 317, Greek treatise, Nepl búoews 'Avopumov, De Naturu
451, and of Wernsdorf, 8vo. Altenb. 1780, vol. i. Hominis, of whose date and personal history little
pp. 3, 123. The best edition is that of Stern, is known. He is called bishop of Emesa, in Syria
entitled “Gratii Falisci et Olympii Nemesiani in the MSS. of his work, and also by Anastasius
carmina venatica cum duobus fragmentis De Au-Nicenus (Quaest. in S. Script. ap.