" If you do not attain the supreme in this life or in the between, then, having attaining a
distinctively
excellent embodiment for practicing Mantra in another life, the way of not prolonging that path is soul-ejection yoga, and body-possession is a distinctively excellent branch of soul-ejection yoga.
Thurman-Robert-a-F-Tr-Tsong-Khapa-Losang-Drakpa-Brilliant-Illumination-of-the-Lamp-of-the-Five-Stages
b.
ii.
c'3'd'ii'A"1"b"ii''B, , -Explaining the death and between
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"1"b"ii''s"'l'" - The way of merging buddha-
ave resulted m Tsong Khapa's bsre ba dgu'i gdams pa, TKSB,
Chapter V/ll- 1\. vo Reality Perfection Stage ? 445 will surely attain buddhahood in this very life, and the Second Stage
[chapter] states:
Having attained manifest enlightenment, [One] proceeds to the pure abodes,
Not turned back from the buddhaverses,
In this very life [one will become] omniscient.
-that when you attain the fourth stage [manifest enlightenment, or clear light transparence], you will become a buddha in this life, [but] when you attain buddhahood in the between, magic body and clear light are not attained [in this life].
Further, it is said that attaining the fourth stage [of clear light], you purify the three luminances, which is to realize reality in intuitive experi- ence. If, as the Ultimate Continuum [by MaitreyaniUha] states:
The noble one eradicates the miseries
Of death, aging, and sickness;
No longer born under power of evolution and addictions, He lives free of [the miseries ofthe life cycle].
-the Transcendence Universal Vehicle noble one abandons death under the power of evolution, what need is there to mention the Mantric Uni- versal Vehicle noble one's abandoning it? [And after all,] this [Transcen- dence Vehicle noble] one has not even [fully] abandoned death [itself] underthe power ofevolution. 129 However, the Integrated Practices states that, of the two kinds [of noble ones] mentioned, one of them has no wealth of possessions for performing the [Tantric] conducts; but that [statement] is refuted by the statement [by Nagarjuna] that "once you attain magic body, food and clothing are instantaneously obtained from the sky. " The Bodhisattva Stages says that once you have attained the joy- ous stage you will never lack for possessions, and so a Universal Vehicle noble being cannot be lacking in possessions, then that also refutes [the possibility that a noble one can be poor]. [Thus, the mind-isolation- realized mantric] practitioner cannot have attained either of the last two
dominated death itself is still driven by untamed instincts even in the noble one.
? 129 Although Maitreya states that the miseries of death etc. are abandoned, evolution-
446 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
[perfection] stages. Therefore, the meaning of saying "seeing the truth" [during mind isolation] [236bl is that, at the perfection of vajra recitation, one realizes the reality of thatness by the intuitive wisdom of mind iso- lation; since it does not follow that any experience of reality is a direct
experience. 1 30
Here again, the Integrated Practices explains that some are dis-
tracted by farm work, trade, and devotional practices, and are not able to perform the conduct; others lack sufficient wealth and cannot perform the procedures according to the prescriptions in the Tantra, and [it further] explains by implication that since the conduct has not been performed those [persons] attain buddhahood in the between. This shows that if one can perform the conducts, one attains buddhahood in this life, so it is clear you must be ready to perform the conducts of the occasion of the perfection stage, and for that you must have at least the definite attain- ment of mind isolation. This [person] ready to perform the conducts, if slhe does not attain the magic body, knows that s/he must perform the conducts in order to attain the magic body. And if s/he does, the Vajra
Rosary quote is pertinent:
Knowing to separate instincts from luminance, Then [you] should perform the conducts. Abandoning the evolutionary body,
[You] will attain the vajra body.
Since this states that such a [person], if s/he does not perform the conducts, s! he won't attain buddhahood in this life, it shows that to attain buddhahood in this life, the conducts are definitely necessary and that to represent the conduct which is the art of achieving this magic body. you should perform [it] by taking the four voids of this life and the four voids of death to be the same. Therefore, in general. as in the case of the per- formance of the yogas of soul-ejection and body-possession, though the conducts are not needed to separate the coarse and subtle bodies by the force of meditation, the separation of the two bodies by habituation to the
1 30 Tsong Khapa uncharacteristically takes issue with Aryadeva's statement that one out of the two types of noble ones (attainers of the third path and first bodhisattva stage, and of the mind-isolation realization of the mind objective but not yet the magic body, respec- tively) lacks the wealth to pursue one of the three types of Tantric conduct.
? Chapter VIII- Two Reality Perfection Stage ? 447
samadhi that develops the four voids through the dissolving process by compressing the wind-energy-mind at the heart center, l 2-'7al and the crea- tion of that separated subtle body again into the magic vajradhara body adorned with all the signs, are extremely difficult to achieve; and so you must engage in the conducts for the sake of that achievement.
Since such is the case, in regard to the merger of [clear light with] death, the Integrated Practices does not teach more than the mere trans- mitting of the projected will for the merger of death and ultimate reality. The followers of Go very appropriately recommend merger through vajra recitation at the time of death, also using the visualization of the heart center indestructible and the arts of compression through the two con- templations. In regard to such performance, except that the actual process of dissolution, such as earth dissolving into water etc. , developed from samadhi, becomes the dissolution process of the compression process of death, there is no other sort of death process [performance]. Therefore, at the time of the death clear light, the import of reality is not [yet] directly realized; because the magic body has not been realized up until then, and because the magic body definitely must be attained in a supporting em- bodiment that has the experiential realization of the objective clear light. And because the Five Stages states:
The samadhi of self-consecration
And likewise the state of clear light, Distinguished as effect and cause, Indicate the two realities.
By the process of self-consecration, The clear light transparence is attained.
And also because the Integrated Practices states:
Apart from realizing superficial reality, you cannot directly
realize ultimate reality. [237bl
Here, the Integrated Practices mention of "superficial reality" - used in the expression of [the yogi/ni's] projected will "This life is to be superfi- cial reality! "-refers to the third stage magic body. And the Illumination
of the Lamp statement:
44M ? Brilliant Illumination ofthe Lamp
At that time. having taken the time in the very con- tinuum of the being. one arises, and realizes the magical samadhi . . .
also supports this point. since there is no magic body [creation] prior to [realizing] the objective clear light.
As for the way the magic body is realized, flrst you arise in the char- acteristic between state; it is not done after that. That very wind-energy- mind of the death clear light is what is born as the magic body; in another [procedure-a this-life magic body procedure-] it is that [very] wind- energy-mind that would have gone into the between that here [in this life] emerges as the magic body vajradhara body. 1 3 1
Here some people think, first one achieves the full between state, then you meditate and transform the between body and it becomes the communion body. Others think that when you achieve the between, you
meditate it as the vajradhara body. These both are at fault by not under- standing well the way of achieving the magic body. Here the Integrated Practices states:
Truly understanding "dying is ultimate reality and birth is superficial reality," at some point you develop a deter- mined mind, "having entered clear light and abandoned the ordinary body, I shall arise by the stage of self- consecration! " Put that in your mind and stay with it, and that impression will not quit even in another life; then you will become omniscient. Therefore it is said [in a Sotra]:
By which and which intention, L238a] Humans truly apply their minds,
131 This discussion clearly presents the view that Tantric enlightenment is finally not about "powering one's way" to buddhahood, as it has often been misrepresented. In order to attain the special cause that accelerates the material buddha body to full evolutionary perfection, the practitioner has to fully go through death, either virtual or actual, which means a complete surrender of all egocentrist will, with the only ticket forward being a strongly projected will to emerge as embodying the universal love and compassion for all living beings, transmitted with determination in the time of complete surrender to the experiential annihilation of any controlling subjectivity.
? Chapter VIII- Two Reality Perfection Stage ? 449 That becomes their nature;
Just as the varied [colors tinge the crystal] jewel.
Thus, [Aryadeva] supports with a Sntra reference his contention that whatever willpower concerning the two realities is projected at the time of death, one will develop in that way. Since this does not refer to birth in coarse existence, "birth" in regard to the wind-energy-mind which be- comes the between in the case of another person, there is the projected will "I must resurrect in the superficial magic body," and it is said one will achieve according to that projected will. So this must undoubtedly be accepted as the very wind-energy-mind of clear light not being born as a between being but being born as the superficial [reality] magic body vajradhara body.
"Well then," you might ask, "if there is no between here, is it not unsuitable to refer to this as 'buddhahood in the between? "'
Ifthat were [wrong], since there is no [real] clear light present in the imaginative visualization of compressing [wind-energy-mind] into clear light, and there is no [real] vajradhara in the creation of the primal savior through the five enlightenments, it would be wrong to use those expressions for those states; and there are many such parallel reasonings. Therefore, since just as there is a [kind of] between at the end of the death clear light, one attains buddhahood creating it from the mere wind- energy-mind, there is no contradiction in designating that as "buddha- hood in the between. " If you claim that buddhahood in the between is a practicing of the path after having achieved a full-fledged between after
the clear light of death, you are in disagreement with both this system and the personal instructions.
Further, by that vital key of attaining the third stage magic body at the end of the death clear light, since this person does not directly realize the reality of thatness at the time of the death clear light, s/he [231! bl attains buddhahood after having achieved the [third stage] magic body, and then
[achieves] the two last stages in that embodiment. This way of achieving the magic body gives a great certainty also about the way of achieving the magic body in the process of buddhahood in this life.
"Well, in this case," [you might further object,] "there is a connec- tion with the previously existent coarse body, so there is no such certainty about buddhahood in this life. "
450 ? Brilliant Illumination ofthe Lamp
In such a case, even if one cannot last the measure of the between of forty-nine days, there is no point counting them, as, going into the pres- ence of the buddhas, one can listen to [their] personal instructions. The Personal Instruction [ofMaiijushrr] states that performing as a yogi/ni of the self-consecration stage, one should be taught for several aeons. Then it states that having propitiated a mentor and attained well the initiation, pledges, and vows, having fully attained the suchness discovered from the speech of the mentor and having understood the secret and the supremely secret, if you cannot meditate by means of the ritual activities as explained, you should meditate thatness through this stage. According to that state- ment, if you practice the private instruction of [soul-]ejection again and
again, conditioned by such aspiration, it is stated [further in the Personal Instruction]:
When the self enters the mind-reality-realm,
You realize clear intense delight like the sky;
Then having the force of magical manifestation,
You achieve the form of a five year old boy,
And you realize incomparable perfect bliss.
Then when you project [your will] toward other births, You will truly realize an emanation [body] form.
Thus, by whatever wishes beings have,
Truly joining with the minds of humans,
You become just like what [they need],
Like the variegated jewel of the Siitra.
You will experience a truth body like the sky
Of intense delight, like death, fainting, [239aJ Falling asleep, yawning, or the moment of orgasm;
Intensely meditating on it, you cultivate The mentalities of embodied beings.
"You enter the mind-reality-realm" here means entering the death clear light, and realizing the thatness reality at that time. "When you achieve the form of a child" here means the time when you would other- wise achieve the [ordinary] between. "Then you realize incomparable perfection bliss" means that you attain the beatific body as previously explained. ? ? when you take another birth existence you attain an emana- tion body," indicates the two bodies of the path. Although this latter [point]
Chapter VIJJ- 1Wo Reality Perfection Stage ? 45 1
is not stated in the Integrated Practices, this fills in its intention. The one who achieves the magic body is capable of maintaining an emanation body that is perceived by the fleshly eye. "Therefore," [and following] is similar to the Integrated Practice. 'i' [quote above]. And the five lines from "truth body. . . " teach the taking as the path of the arisal of the ground clear light in the previous context of the ground reality. In this case where otherwise you would attain the between, as for this attain- ment of the beatific body, it refers to assuming the magic body without taking up the full-fledged between. Again from that same text, [the Per- sona/ Instruction ofMafljushrT]:
If you do not attain the three bodies,
You will [at least] become the chief of scientists, And gradually achieve the universal seal.
Thus, it states that, even if you do not attain the three bodies of the path, you will achieve a body of the chief of scientists, a distinctive em- bodiment for the mantric conduct; and it does not explain that one who does not achieve the three bodies then has a way of practicing the path in the between. Further, it is clear that such an embodiment [of chief scien- tist], without needing to take any further rebirth in another existence, is going to be born in a [celestial] buddhaverse. 1 32
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"l"b"ii"B"'2"' - The way of merging buddha- hood after becoming reborn]
Although the Root and Explanatory Tantras and the treatises of father and sons ! 239bl do not clearly explain the way of merging death and the between [with truth and beatific bodies] for one who attains buddha- hood after taking rebirth, that explanation of the Integrated Practices and
132 This whole section is fascinating in the context ofTsong Khapa's biography, as the Buddhajiianapada quote from the Maiijushrr Persona/ Instruction describes in a startlingly precise way the account given of Tsong Khapa's death in 1419, when his assembled disciples witnessed him transform into a small boy amid a dazzling explosion of light and energy. It is said he postponed his full body (as well as mind) buddhahood in his life for twenty-one years from his profound realization of 1398, because he could not engage in the Tantric conducts without resigning as a monk. So he then attained the magic body, clear light transparence, communion buddhahood at the time of death, 25th day of tenth
lunar month of 1419.
? ? 4? . :! ? Brilliant lllumination (? f the Lamp
the /1/umination ofthe Lamp can be applied to those two mergers illustra- tively [by interpolationl. and in this tradition, such an explanation from the private instructions of the mentors is excellent; just as in the case of the sleep and dream mergers.
If you wonder here. "in order to merge [the clear light with] the actuality of death, what sort of realization must you have right now? "
As for this. taking as a base the proper obtainment of initiation and the keeping of the vows and pledges, you then establish the foundation through practice of the creation stage. This is of extremely crucial impor- tance in all three of the patterns of buddhahood, in this life, in the between, and in the next life. Then by meditating on the methods of penetrating the vital points in the body, you compress the wind-energies into the dhuti and dissolve them, and then stabilize the development of the four voids. Then, if you are capable of applying the view that accurately realizes the import of selflessness, you are capable of merging [the clear light with] the voidnesses of death. Remembering the view at the time of the death clear light, you can also realize the import of the reality of thatness. If you have the former ability without the view, though you can merge the death voids, there is no realization of thatness. So there are two ways. If you can merge as in the former way, it develops with extremely great
effectiveness that you cut off the elaborations of coarse dualistic percep- tions, and the realization of the thatness reality develops with extremely great intensity. And if it is [only] as in the latter case, there is a very great difference. As for not gaining the ability even as much as that, if you from now remember in your mind again and again the stages that happen at death and constantly meditate on them, [240a] the force of such famili- arity clearly will enable you to recognize the death voids by being able to remember [the stages] on the point of death; since it is stated in the Stages of Yoga Practice that whatever you emphasize in mental habitua- tion in this life, you again will engage with the same thing on the point of death. In this regard further, by the influence of whether or not there is a connection with the [realistic] view, one does or does not realize the thatness reality when one recognizes the base clear light. And in regard to these again, as for the private instruction about the time of death, through the dissolving processes such as earth dissolving into water, you have the impressions from mirage up to candle-flame, then you should remember the private instructions about the three voids, and then you should meditate the private instructions about the two life-energy controls
Chapter VIII- Two Reality Perfection Stage ? 453
the path.
As Loyipa's Art ofAchievement, {Clear Realization ofthe Divine
Lord}, states:
the Qakinis.
This means that the yogi/nis at time of death are visited by heroes and heroines carrying various symbols in their hands and are led into the <;lakini paradise; that is, are plunged into the clear light, according to the three commentaries such as the Lawapa Commentary,133 stating that later [240bJ one should employ the arts of entering the clear light through such conditions. As to the meaning of the first two lines, "nirvana" refers to an ultimate death, which this is not, explaining that this is a restoration of the mind like going from house to house. Here the statement from the Supreme Bliss {Tantra} is just as an example; it is visibly evident in this life that being greeted by one's own chosen deity at the time of death is a benefit of those who have the intense devotion of keeping vows and pledges pure, revering the mentor, and meditating as archetype deity the creation stage of the chosen patron deity.
Here you might object, "If one who gets lost in the full-fledged between without attaining the magic body after the clear light of death does not attain buddhahood in the between, then what about the Concise Five Stages explanation? [As follows:]
Attaining the abode ofclear light, manifest buddhahood, The diligent will reach the supreme in this very life,
The indolent [will reach it] on the point of death,
And the worst one, in the existence between;
133 The three commentaries are by Tath! igatavajra (Toh. 1509); VIravajra (TOh. 4577); and
? The yogi/ni who restores the mind does not rely on
nirvana. At the time of migration, these yogi/nis, greeted
various flowers in their hands and various standards and banners, with the sound of cymbals and various delight-
and the two contemplations, the methods of developing the voids through
by such as the Glorious Heruka and the yogi/nis, carrying ful songs, recognize death, and are led to the paradise of
the one mentioned here by Lawapa (Toh. 4578).
454 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
And their supreme [emanation] bodies will accomplish the
aims of others.
[To answer,] this refers to attaining the supreme through that clear light of buddhahood from realizing clear light, realized at best in this life, at medium realized at the time of the death clear light, and at worst real- ized in the between. It does not refer to attaining buddhahood at the same time as the clear light of death or to attaining buddhahood in the actual between state; since the "worst" case must be interpreted as the one who attains buddhahood after another birth. Thus, as for the merging [the bea-
tific body] with the between, when you get the ability to merge [the truth body] with death, you will also get the ability to merge the between by the force of projecting the will as above explained in the between. How- ever, in that case one is practicing by using the imagination of self as a deity body after attaining the full-fledged between. [24tal As for the special method of recognizing the between, it can be developed properly by the force of meditating the four voids during the waking and sleep states. After that, there is the personal instruction for developing the illus- trative, metaphoric magic body; and even without that much ability, there is a good method in holding the dreams by will-power. Without any of those, when you impress in mind the private instruction of death, you must habituate yourself to impressing in mind the ways of achieving the
between after death and the meditations on the form of the magic body.
IVI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"1"b"ii"s" '3, , - Demonstrating the analysis
As the Concise Five Stages explains "you should merge the three kinds of between," by that example you should understand the three deaths and the three births. Though these mergers' designations do not occur clearly in the treatises of father and sons, they are meaningful.
The three betweens are the existence between, the corresponding dream between, [and the path between]-and here many persons in the Marpa tradition interpret the meaning of the expression "birth-death between" as this present body from birth until death-however, taking the two base reality betweens and the one path betweenl34 as the third,
134This seems to be the third stage magic body itself.
? ? and the synthesis of the mergers]
Chapter VIII- Two Reality Perfection Stage ? 455
corresponds better with the father and sons' treatises. Further, in the Five Stages there are mentionings of the magic body as a between, in regard to which there are both actual and virtual understandings. As for the three deaths, there is the well-known death, there is the sleep-death, which is the sleep voids prior to the key explanation of the dream body as a between, and in the perfection stage there is the path death which is developed according to the base reality death dissolution process. 124lbJ Thus there are two base reality deaths and one path death. As for the three births [or lives], there is the birth maintained as womb-birth from the existence between, there is the waking-time birth when the dream betweener again enters into the coarse body, and there is the birth when the magic body betweener [re-enters and] maintains the coarse body. Thus there are two base births and one path birth.
As for the first of those sets of three, the merger of between and beatific body is the magic body merger. As for the middle three, the mer- ger of death and the truth body is the clear light merger. And as for the final three, the merger of birth and the emanation body [is the magic body entering the coarse body or any other emanation for the sake of beings]. 135 In regard to those, if you synthesize them, they are called "the three merger cycles. " If you separate them, they are called "the nine mergers. "
Here, relying on the explanation of the Concise Five Stages:
By the energy of the furor-fire yoga, The mind objective is great bliss. Uniting dream and magic as one;
You should merge the three betweens. Addictions become the path of wisdoms. The path of swift cutting is ejection,
And body-possession is a branch.
Serdingpa connected the furor meditation in the private instruction lit- erature of the Community with the five stages and also gave the private instructions of ejection and body possession. As for the explanation in
1 35 As TMJng Khapa out of reticence did not maintain the parallel of the previous two sets of three by equating a line of mergers (death-truth body etc. ) with a path. I supplied the bracketed emanation path from his immediately previous listing of the lhird hirth merger.
? 456 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
the Concise Five Stages, in regard to meditating the furor-fire taught in the Yogini Tantras, it is claimed that it is taught in the terms substituted in the five stages of the Father Tantras. Doing it that way is in order to show how to synthesize all the paths of both types of Tantras, the actual five stages or their analogous [six branches or other stages]. Interpreting that way, the analogue of developing mind isolation by the wind-energies in vajra recitation [242al is the very same yoga of furor-fire. The analogue of mind isolation itself is the four joys of the great bliss derived from dissolving the wind-energies into the dhati channel depending on the meditation of furor-fire. Both of those do occur in the Mother Tantras. Thus the meaning <;>f that treatise is that one constitutes the five stages by adding [to the isolations' analogues] the Father Tantras' magic body, clear light, and communion; and it does not mean to explain things otherwise.
"Uniting dream and magic as one" means that the personal instruc- tions about dreams should be combined with the personal instructions about the magic body. "Between" refers to the three mergers of the magic body. As for this very merging of the two base reality time betweens with the path between, it is in order to purify the impure, the latter referred to as "addictions.
" If you do not attain the supreme in this life or in the between, then, having attaining a distinctively excellent embodiment for practicing Mantra in another life, the way of not prolonging that path is soul-ejection yoga, and body-possession is a distinctively excellent branch of soul-ejection yoga. Those two are clear in the Yogini Tantras. Or else, body-possession is the branch of swift cutting the path by exchanging in
this life one's own embodiment with another's embodiment because of differences of their qualities of good and bad. The reason for mentioning these two here, is to say, "add those two to the Father Tantra. " Or, since, once you are capable of creating the illustrative, metaphoric magic body of the Father Tantra, if you meditate the personal instruction of body- possession, you can develop a specially excellent ability, [the two are mentioned] in order to make that understood.
Many ways of merging the nine mergers have been explained. Yet there seem to remain some vital points [242bl which are very hard to under- stand, and they seem to require some further determination.
CHAPTER /X
Ultimate Clear Light Transparence
I 242b. l -263b. J I
Second, the perfection stage of ultimate clear light, has two parts: [a"] The import explained in the Five Stages and the Integrated Prac- tices: and [b"] The import explained in the endurance branch statement of the Further Tantra.
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c '3 'd 'ii 'A "2 "a " -
and the Integrated Practices]
The first has three parts: (i"] Procedure to ascertain the sequence, along with how to become eligible; [ii "] Explaining the practical instruc- tion in clear light to such a person; and [iii"] The way that stage also reaches the end of other paths.
Procedure to ascertai n the sequence, along with how to become eligible]
Here you might wonder, "As previously explained in the context of confirming the sequence [of the stages] , what is the reason for the state- ment that you cannot attain the clear light of this stage if you do not previously create the superficial reality magic body? "
In general, since according to the system of the Noble father and sons the direct realization of the import of the thatness reality which is objective selflessness is shared in common with the noble disciples and hermit buddhas, what need is there to mention that there is a direct reali- zation of that ultimate reality on the joyous stage of the Transcendence Vehicle? Since the achievement of the magic body is the uncommon dis- tinctive excellence of the unexcelled Mantra Vehicle, it is not claimed that
such a magic body must be achieved merely as a prerequisite of the direct realization of the ultimate reality clear light. However, the claim is that the achievement of the magic body must precede that objective clear light
457
? ? ? IYI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"2" -
The perfection stage of ultimate dear lightI
The import explained in the Five Stages
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"2"a"i" -
458 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
In that regard, according to the systems of other vehicles, the reali- zation of voidness, chief cause of the wisdom truth body, serves as an interactive condition for the matter body, and the infinite store of merit, chief cause of the matter body, (243a] serves as an interactive condition for the truth body. Nevertheless, you do not travel the path by taking these two chief causes as art and wisdom indivisible in actuality and combining them into one in a concentrated samadhi. In the context of this unexcelled vehicle, I have already explained the unerring union of bliss and void and their union in one actuality with the magic body. And I have also already
explained the import of how, though there is the similarity here in the mere general outline of the path of learning the six transcendences, having conceived the spirit of enlightenment, there is a distinctive way of learn- ing each of the separately categorized types of merit stores and there is a distinctive process wherein the realization of voidness is able to purify the objective obscurations.
According to that vital key point: the quickest Individual Vehicle [practice] causes the exhaustion of the addictions with their seeds in three lifetimes; and in the Transcendence Vehicle, there are very different long
and short timespans, such as the statements that it takes much time to attain the joyous stage where you directly realize the nature of reality, that the addictive obscurations are exhausted on the eighth stage, and that there are many different ways of abandoning and not abandoning addictions. Thus, in this path, the magic body is not created [only] in order to produce the intuitive wisdom which is just the direct realization of the reality of thatness by the orgasmic bliss. It is developed [also] in order to master the distinctive ability to purify the objective obscurations by the intuitive wisdom of objective clear light; since it is the chief cause of the uncommon matter body. Although when orgasmic (243b l bliss takes voidness as its object, there is a door for developing a distinctive ability to purify objective obscurations through that subjectivity, in this context of the perfection stage, the magic body is the substitute of the infinite stores of merit of the other vehicles. Recognizing the combination of those two is the ultimate vital key point.
Thus, though the [various ways of] achieving the matter body are similar in the sense of enhancing the distinctive ability of the chief cause of the wisdom truth body to purify the objective obscurations, there is a
which consists of the orgasmic bliss's direct realization of the extremely
subtle import of thatness. This will now be explained in detail.
Chapter IX- Ultimate Clear Light Transparence ? 459
very great difference in regard to what you take as the chief causes of the two bodies. Thereby you can understand the difference between how on the other vehicles you attain the body adorned with signs and with that support you meditate only voidness in concentrated samadhi, and then, aroused by the buddhas, you engage in gathering the magnificent stores in the aftermath; and how in this context when you attain the magic body you do not have to proceed in that way. In regard to these reasons for confirming the sequence, without easily being satisfied, you must deeply investigate the general arrangement of the procedures of the path in the other vehicles, in the other Tantra classes, and in the two [categories of Unexcelled] Tantras, and all the subtle vital key points of those. For, due to the extreme difficulty of understanding it, there are many likely but spurious explanations about the magic body such as "to purify the taints of holding magical illusion you must plunge it into the clear light! " and so on.
Therefore, the Fourth Stage [chapter of the Five Stages] states:
This self-arisen Divine Lord,
Alone is just the greatest of divinities;
The vajra master is even greater,
Since s/he bestows the personal instructions.
Having truly pleased him or her, Over years or also months, Having satisfied that mentor, Worship [244al as much as you can.
Having well instructed the consort
With whom you join, she should be given away, And you should make offerings with proper rites Amid the mandala of the host.
It declares that, since s/he bestows the personal instructions about this. you should view the mentor as greater than the Buddha, and you should propitiate him or her for a long time. After that you should make offer- ings with the secret and other offerings to the mentor who teaches this. And [Aryadeva also in] the Lamp of Integrated Practices says that you will not realize clear light without the personal instruction of the mentor. and that, having obtained the verbal transmission from the mentor who teaches indivisibly the causal and the fruitional teachings. you should
460 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
make offerings to that mentor as before. Though this is said [previously] in the context of receiving initiation, it is just the same in the context of receiving the practical instructions. You should understand that these, even if you perform them by mental imagination, are praised as the causes of arranging the favorable auspicious conditions for the distinc- tively excellent path.
After that, as for the the Five Stages and the Integrated Practices declaration that the mentor confers the secret and third initiation pre- ceded by the nine initiations [of the vase initiation], if you have previ- ously attained once the initiation that makes you a fit vessel, a second initiation to become fit is not necessary. In the Fourth Stage [chapter of the Five Stages] statement that, in the pre-dawn twilight136 of the night when the initiation was conferred at midnight, the disciple propitiates the
mentor by offerings and praise, the offerings are as before. The praises are the four and a half verses beginning with "Liberated from the three realms . . . " After that praise, it is stated that the disciple petitions the men- tor with the three verses from "Liberated from evolution and birth. . . . " [244b]
As for the reason behind the statement that you should praise and invite the mentor in harmony with the personal instructions in the con- texts of magic body and clear light, it is good to assert that you should meditate the mentor yoga, having also used it in the contexts of the other stages, and that you should pray with those procedures. Therefore, you should pray in that way not only on just the occasion of hearing the practical instructions but also on other occasions. Therefore, in general in all vehicles and in specific in this vehicle, you should not break your commitments to the mentor, you should make offerings while consider- ing him or her as a buddha, you should please him or her with all methods of propitiation and abandon all unpleasing things; this seems to be the superior vital point.
136 Here the PK verse Ch. IV, 7 mentions the pre-dawn twilight (Skt. praryusa. Tib. tho rangs) in connection with the attainment of clear light transparence, after praising and pleasing the mentor.
? manifest enlightenments; [B ' greatness.
Chapter IX- Ultimate Clear Light Transparence ? 46 1
"
? clear light to such a person] " The second has three parts: [A
') Explaining both outer and inner ) Explaining the two contemplations, the art of realizing them: [c'"] Explaining their synonyms, along with their
Explaining both outer and inner The first has two parts: [1'"] The actual meaning; and [2'"] Rebut-
ting objections.
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"2"a"ii"A"'1"' - The actual meaning]
As for what is taught out of compassion to such a disciple who prays in that way, [Nagarjuna says] in the Fourth Stage [chapter of the Five Stages] :
Luminance i s part of the night, day where bright sun-rays spread is luminant radiance,
Twilight [evening darkness] is luminant imminence, and gradually one's instinctual natures go [away].
Freedom from instincts is nor night, nor day, nor twilight dark,
It is just the instant of enlightenment taught by the best mentor, the goal of the yogi/nis themselves.
Twilight limit137 not ended, (24Sa) but its deep black darkness fully past,
Yet the sun not risen - this moment is proclaimed the taintless limit of reality.
137 Skt. samdhya-tejas (perhaps "energy of twilight") here oddly translated as Tib. mtshams kyi mtha, seems to mean that the ambiguous state between light and dark, "extreme twilight," so to speak, inconceivably bridges over into predawn dark-light-nondual clear light. See above, p. 367 n. I l l ; and again, see D. Kittay's translation of Jewel Rosary
Tantra, Twilight chapter 1 5.
? ? ? [VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"2"a"ii" - Explaining the practical instruction in
manifest enlightenments I
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"2"a"ii"A, -
462 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
The supreme master free of confusion shows the outer enlightenment to the disciple,
Who attains untroubled inner bliss by this instant of buddha enlightenment.
Thus both an outer and an inner enlightenment are taught. The Chag translation reads "Those are endowed all at once with freedom from instinctual natures," and "the end of darkness is finished and the splendor of twilight is entirely transcended, as long as the sun does not arise in that immaculate instant, here is taught the reality limit. "
Also [Aryadeva states] in the Integrated Practices, that
There are two kinds of manifest enlightenment. The outer manifest enlightenment is the clear light universal void- ness in the boundary-state of the predawn when the igno- rance luminance is transcended and the sun has not yet risen. Therein is the clear light universal voidness. 1 38
The import of this is explained as in the Five Stages, that passing beyond the times of imminence and the luminance night, while the sun has not yet risen, it is the predawn twilight [of clear light transparence] . [The Inte- grated Practices continues] :
When the sun rises it is radiance, When the sun sets it is ignorance, When the moon rises it is luminance.
As for teaching the inner manifest enlightenment: first, in the mirage-like state one sees an assemblage of five-colored light rays. Second, there is luminance like moon-rays. Third, there is luminance- radiance like sun-rays. Fourth, there is luminance-imminence like dark- ness. Then in the instant free from darkness, there is clear light transpar- ence, 1245bl extremely clear, having the nature of constant luminance, seen by the intuitive wisdom eye as the intrinsic identity of the ultimate reality.
138 Tsong Khapa abbreviates this quote from the CMP, especially the last phrases, but keeps the essential point .
? Chapter IX- Ultimate Clear Light Transparence ? 463
Here you might wonder, "Here the mentor teaches the disciple the two enlightenments, outer and inner. As for the first, dividing an outer day into four parts, if you interpret separately the explanation of the four voids, it is incorrect that the fourth void is the instant of enlightenment and that it is the object of the yogT/nT him/herself. If I interpret him [or her] as explaining the four voids taking as example the four skies of those times, since the inner four voids are also like that I will not be able to differentiate the outer and the inner? since in the inner occasion also, they are taught using the examples of moon, sun, and darkness. If I interpret it as producing the four wisdoms of the four voids in the four times, it would happen that in the time of each of those four times the four voids would not develop in one time, and so how then would l distinguish the difference between the outer and inner enlightenments? "
In this regard, Master Go set forth two systems, the position of Naropa and the position of both Tsunmojen and Kr? hQa Samayavajra.
The first of these [systems] is the explanation of the four parts of the day as the four voids, which refers to the interpretable meaning, outer enlightenment, since it is the example of reality, the time, the sign, and the means of indication. The definitive meaning is the inner enlighten- ment; if you meditate by uniting with the consort, bringing the enlighten-
ment spirit into the root, shaft, and vase of the vajra and sealing those three blisses with voids, then ensue the three path luminances and the universal (246aJ void clear light, when there is the wisdom of the bliss that eliminates the reality [habit grounded] instinctual constructs at the time of two drops releasing and two drops abiding.
The second of these [systems] is the outer enlightenment [that occurs] when the four outer examples indicate the negandum from the part of the four freedoms from adventitious instinctual constructs, and the inner enlightenment is when that is shown from the side of the expe- rience of immersing the magic [body] in the clear light through the two
contemplations.
As for Lak? hmi explaining the four parts of the day as the four
voids, it is claimed that these are the four inner voids which have those names, and the inner enlightenment is explained as the four voids relying on the evolution consort and the four voids relying on the wisdom consort, or the four voids attained through the progression of the five signs such as mirage. The Moonlight Commentary, the Clear Meaning, the Samayavajra Commentary, and Munishri explain the four voids of
464 ? Brilliant Illumination ofthe Lamp
the outer occasion as the inner four voids, without clearly differentiating outer and inner voids. If you analyze as before explained, those who dif- ferentiate outer and inner have no cogent answer, neither do the explana- tions of those who do not differentiate seem to have a cogent answer.
This point is very hard to understand and seems to be important, so it must be investigated. It must be understood relying on the statements from the Illumination of the Lamp Fifteenth Chapter. The Root Tantra states:
[With] a girl from the priest, warrior, Merchant lord, and commoner classes,
You should practice as the vajra Dharma-lord.
This is the means to attain the secret.
When the vajra sun sets
You should initiate all achievements.
At the time when the dawn light arises,
It will be achieved by the supreme meditation.
Explaining the meaning of this, [246h] [Chandrak. Irti's] [Illumination of the Lamp] Commentary explains as follows: The perfection stage practi- tioner takes a female consort from either of the four castes; relying on her, the Dharma unbreakable as a vajra diamond is the perfection stage yoga. As for the nature of that, the practitioner endowed with that under- standing should achieve the means of attaining the vajra secret that is Vajradhara. And that must be perfected by means of the progression of manifest enlightenment. The method of that is shown by the four lines
beginning with [the one containing] "vajra. "
In that regard, as there are two processes of outer and inner enlight-
enment, as for explaining the first; the vajra sun is the actual sun. "When it sets" refers to the passing of the time when the red sun is cut off; you should propitiate the mentor with whatever possessions are at hand. Then when you have attained initiation by the kindness of the mentor at midnight, at the time of dawn, since the parts of the night that indicate luminance have passed, at the time just before sunrise, you are struck by the transmission of the process of clear enlightenment, and you will achieve it-meaning it will become pure. All this explains the process of the outer enlightenment. If one explains according to the process of inner enlightenment, the vajra sun emerges as the nature of union of the art
Chapter IX- Ultimate Clear Light Transparence ? 465
[male] with the intuitive wisdom [female], and its setting is its cessation as the reality of wisdom emerges. Thus when luminance and radiance have set, you should initiate the imminence, the means of achieving clear light-that is, it emerges. Dawn arising is ignorance; when that is passed, the practitioners, by the cause and condition of the three voids, realize the supreme meditation that is the clear light, and thereby they will achieve the universal seal [embrace]. Here the universal seal [embrace] is [247al the communion [stage].
Since this is stated as the means of the direct realization of clear light, both outer and inner enlightenments should be applied to objective clear light. As for the reliance on the external seal [consort] in the occa- sion of the proximate cause of realizing that, it is the meaning of the first verse. As for the way of reliance, at midnight the mentor confers the initiation relying on the evolution seal, as a means of indicating clear light. After that, when hit by the personal instructions of the way of meditating predawn clear light and of the system of achieving commun- ion after that, you will attain objective clear light, and after that achieve communion. Thus, since the realization of objective clear light specially relates to the predawn time, it is called the outer enlightenment, and since the realization is accomplished by the process of the four inner voids it is called the inner enlightenment. Therefore, having taken the other three segments of time in a day as the other three voids, explained above in the mind isolation context, it is indicated by the examples of the sky of those times, and so there is no fault of being unable to differentiate outer and inner. The nonleamer's communion is also stated [by Nagarjuna] in Five Stages and [Aryadeva] in Integrated Practices as being attained in the predawn time.
[Here, you might] object, "As for the fact that the Five Stages and the Integrated Practices, for the sake of that one who has achieved the magic body and aims for the clear light, state the private instructions of the predawn after midnight initiation [as] two enlightenments and two contemplations, is it that you can produce the objective clear light in that
very predawn, or not? If not, it contradicts what was said above from the Illumination ofthe Lamp. If so, 1247111 since before obtaining such ability. one would be unfit to be taught the personal instructions of clear light.
? Second - Rebutting objections]
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c '3 'd 'ii 'A "2 "a "ii "A "'2 "'
466 ? Brilliant Illumination ofthe Lamp
though one fully attains all four initiations before achieving the magic body, one would become unfit to learn completely the perfection stage that explains the Tantra by the six parameters and four procedures. Or, if one were fit, then explain the intention of teaching as above the way of learning the personal instruction of clear light having completed the magic body! "
Let us explain. In regard to that statement in the Five Stages and the Integrated Practices, there are two contexts, one that of achieving basic fitness and the other that of having attained the magic body and having such an ability. The Illumination ofthe Lamp statement intends the latter context and is not made in terms of all such statements. A qualified dis- ciple will prepare for attaining the complete fitness initiation by develop- ing understanding from a complete explanation of the Tantra. A fully quali- fied mentor thoroughly develops in his spiritual process a realization of
each phase of the path and so will explain the personal instructions that are developed in the disciple ' s spiritual process by the stages of the path teachings. Now since that disciple must still rely [on the mentor] even more intensely, how could it be the case that the personal instruction on the clear light previously explained would not now have to be explained [more deeply]? Therefore, since there are naturally limitless disciples for achieving the magic body, and there are even more limitless persons worthy of being their mentors, it does not suffice to count them by the masters and disciples of nowadays. I39
Just having attained the magic body, you cannot develop the objec- tive clear light within a single day; [248aJ since the Wisdom Vajra Com-
pendium states in the context of ultimate clear light as follows:
"Divine Lord! What happens after the three voids and clear light? " The Divine Lord replied, "Just as fire bums wood to ashes, so in clear light, wisdom intuition causes purification over a long time. Just as the tala leaves become ashes, the art intuition causes purification. Just as the petals of cotton plants bum, so the intuition of lumi- nance attained causes purification supremely quickly. "
139This is a rather amazing statement, considering the usual view ofthen and now being ever deeper in a dark age.
? Chapter IX- Ultimate Clear Light Transparence ? 467
And the Five Stages also states:
In a year or in a month, having propitiated that mentor. .
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"1"b"ii''s"'l'" - The way of merging buddha-
ave resulted m Tsong Khapa's bsre ba dgu'i gdams pa, TKSB,
Chapter V/ll- 1\. vo Reality Perfection Stage ? 445 will surely attain buddhahood in this very life, and the Second Stage
[chapter] states:
Having attained manifest enlightenment, [One] proceeds to the pure abodes,
Not turned back from the buddhaverses,
In this very life [one will become] omniscient.
-that when you attain the fourth stage [manifest enlightenment, or clear light transparence], you will become a buddha in this life, [but] when you attain buddhahood in the between, magic body and clear light are not attained [in this life].
Further, it is said that attaining the fourth stage [of clear light], you purify the three luminances, which is to realize reality in intuitive experi- ence. If, as the Ultimate Continuum [by MaitreyaniUha] states:
The noble one eradicates the miseries
Of death, aging, and sickness;
No longer born under power of evolution and addictions, He lives free of [the miseries ofthe life cycle].
-the Transcendence Universal Vehicle noble one abandons death under the power of evolution, what need is there to mention the Mantric Uni- versal Vehicle noble one's abandoning it? [And after all,] this [Transcen- dence Vehicle noble] one has not even [fully] abandoned death [itself] underthe power ofevolution. 129 However, the Integrated Practices states that, of the two kinds [of noble ones] mentioned, one of them has no wealth of possessions for performing the [Tantric] conducts; but that [statement] is refuted by the statement [by Nagarjuna] that "once you attain magic body, food and clothing are instantaneously obtained from the sky. " The Bodhisattva Stages says that once you have attained the joy- ous stage you will never lack for possessions, and so a Universal Vehicle noble being cannot be lacking in possessions, then that also refutes [the possibility that a noble one can be poor]. [Thus, the mind-isolation- realized mantric] practitioner cannot have attained either of the last two
dominated death itself is still driven by untamed instincts even in the noble one.
? 129 Although Maitreya states that the miseries of death etc. are abandoned, evolution-
446 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
[perfection] stages. Therefore, the meaning of saying "seeing the truth" [during mind isolation] [236bl is that, at the perfection of vajra recitation, one realizes the reality of thatness by the intuitive wisdom of mind iso- lation; since it does not follow that any experience of reality is a direct
experience. 1 30
Here again, the Integrated Practices explains that some are dis-
tracted by farm work, trade, and devotional practices, and are not able to perform the conduct; others lack sufficient wealth and cannot perform the procedures according to the prescriptions in the Tantra, and [it further] explains by implication that since the conduct has not been performed those [persons] attain buddhahood in the between. This shows that if one can perform the conducts, one attains buddhahood in this life, so it is clear you must be ready to perform the conducts of the occasion of the perfection stage, and for that you must have at least the definite attain- ment of mind isolation. This [person] ready to perform the conducts, if slhe does not attain the magic body, knows that s/he must perform the conducts in order to attain the magic body. And if s/he does, the Vajra
Rosary quote is pertinent:
Knowing to separate instincts from luminance, Then [you] should perform the conducts. Abandoning the evolutionary body,
[You] will attain the vajra body.
Since this states that such a [person], if s/he does not perform the conducts, s! he won't attain buddhahood in this life, it shows that to attain buddhahood in this life, the conducts are definitely necessary and that to represent the conduct which is the art of achieving this magic body. you should perform [it] by taking the four voids of this life and the four voids of death to be the same. Therefore, in general. as in the case of the per- formance of the yogas of soul-ejection and body-possession, though the conducts are not needed to separate the coarse and subtle bodies by the force of meditation, the separation of the two bodies by habituation to the
1 30 Tsong Khapa uncharacteristically takes issue with Aryadeva's statement that one out of the two types of noble ones (attainers of the third path and first bodhisattva stage, and of the mind-isolation realization of the mind objective but not yet the magic body, respec- tively) lacks the wealth to pursue one of the three types of Tantric conduct.
? Chapter VIII- Two Reality Perfection Stage ? 447
samadhi that develops the four voids through the dissolving process by compressing the wind-energy-mind at the heart center, l 2-'7al and the crea- tion of that separated subtle body again into the magic vajradhara body adorned with all the signs, are extremely difficult to achieve; and so you must engage in the conducts for the sake of that achievement.
Since such is the case, in regard to the merger of [clear light with] death, the Integrated Practices does not teach more than the mere trans- mitting of the projected will for the merger of death and ultimate reality. The followers of Go very appropriately recommend merger through vajra recitation at the time of death, also using the visualization of the heart center indestructible and the arts of compression through the two con- templations. In regard to such performance, except that the actual process of dissolution, such as earth dissolving into water etc. , developed from samadhi, becomes the dissolution process of the compression process of death, there is no other sort of death process [performance]. Therefore, at the time of the death clear light, the import of reality is not [yet] directly realized; because the magic body has not been realized up until then, and because the magic body definitely must be attained in a supporting em- bodiment that has the experiential realization of the objective clear light. And because the Five Stages states:
The samadhi of self-consecration
And likewise the state of clear light, Distinguished as effect and cause, Indicate the two realities.
By the process of self-consecration, The clear light transparence is attained.
And also because the Integrated Practices states:
Apart from realizing superficial reality, you cannot directly
realize ultimate reality. [237bl
Here, the Integrated Practices mention of "superficial reality" - used in the expression of [the yogi/ni's] projected will "This life is to be superfi- cial reality! "-refers to the third stage magic body. And the Illumination
of the Lamp statement:
44M ? Brilliant Illumination ofthe Lamp
At that time. having taken the time in the very con- tinuum of the being. one arises, and realizes the magical samadhi . . .
also supports this point. since there is no magic body [creation] prior to [realizing] the objective clear light.
As for the way the magic body is realized, flrst you arise in the char- acteristic between state; it is not done after that. That very wind-energy- mind of the death clear light is what is born as the magic body; in another [procedure-a this-life magic body procedure-] it is that [very] wind- energy-mind that would have gone into the between that here [in this life] emerges as the magic body vajradhara body. 1 3 1
Here some people think, first one achieves the full between state, then you meditate and transform the between body and it becomes the communion body. Others think that when you achieve the between, you
meditate it as the vajradhara body. These both are at fault by not under- standing well the way of achieving the magic body. Here the Integrated Practices states:
Truly understanding "dying is ultimate reality and birth is superficial reality," at some point you develop a deter- mined mind, "having entered clear light and abandoned the ordinary body, I shall arise by the stage of self- consecration! " Put that in your mind and stay with it, and that impression will not quit even in another life; then you will become omniscient. Therefore it is said [in a Sotra]:
By which and which intention, L238a] Humans truly apply their minds,
131 This discussion clearly presents the view that Tantric enlightenment is finally not about "powering one's way" to buddhahood, as it has often been misrepresented. In order to attain the special cause that accelerates the material buddha body to full evolutionary perfection, the practitioner has to fully go through death, either virtual or actual, which means a complete surrender of all egocentrist will, with the only ticket forward being a strongly projected will to emerge as embodying the universal love and compassion for all living beings, transmitted with determination in the time of complete surrender to the experiential annihilation of any controlling subjectivity.
? Chapter VIII- Two Reality Perfection Stage ? 449 That becomes their nature;
Just as the varied [colors tinge the crystal] jewel.
Thus, [Aryadeva] supports with a Sntra reference his contention that whatever willpower concerning the two realities is projected at the time of death, one will develop in that way. Since this does not refer to birth in coarse existence, "birth" in regard to the wind-energy-mind which be- comes the between in the case of another person, there is the projected will "I must resurrect in the superficial magic body," and it is said one will achieve according to that projected will. So this must undoubtedly be accepted as the very wind-energy-mind of clear light not being born as a between being but being born as the superficial [reality] magic body vajradhara body.
"Well then," you might ask, "if there is no between here, is it not unsuitable to refer to this as 'buddhahood in the between? "'
Ifthat were [wrong], since there is no [real] clear light present in the imaginative visualization of compressing [wind-energy-mind] into clear light, and there is no [real] vajradhara in the creation of the primal savior through the five enlightenments, it would be wrong to use those expressions for those states; and there are many such parallel reasonings. Therefore, since just as there is a [kind of] between at the end of the death clear light, one attains buddhahood creating it from the mere wind- energy-mind, there is no contradiction in designating that as "buddha- hood in the between. " If you claim that buddhahood in the between is a practicing of the path after having achieved a full-fledged between after
the clear light of death, you are in disagreement with both this system and the personal instructions.
Further, by that vital key of attaining the third stage magic body at the end of the death clear light, since this person does not directly realize the reality of thatness at the time of the death clear light, s/he [231! bl attains buddhahood after having achieved the [third stage] magic body, and then
[achieves] the two last stages in that embodiment. This way of achieving the magic body gives a great certainty also about the way of achieving the magic body in the process of buddhahood in this life.
"Well, in this case," [you might further object,] "there is a connec- tion with the previously existent coarse body, so there is no such certainty about buddhahood in this life. "
450 ? Brilliant Illumination ofthe Lamp
In such a case, even if one cannot last the measure of the between of forty-nine days, there is no point counting them, as, going into the pres- ence of the buddhas, one can listen to [their] personal instructions. The Personal Instruction [ofMaiijushrr] states that performing as a yogi/ni of the self-consecration stage, one should be taught for several aeons. Then it states that having propitiated a mentor and attained well the initiation, pledges, and vows, having fully attained the suchness discovered from the speech of the mentor and having understood the secret and the supremely secret, if you cannot meditate by means of the ritual activities as explained, you should meditate thatness through this stage. According to that state- ment, if you practice the private instruction of [soul-]ejection again and
again, conditioned by such aspiration, it is stated [further in the Personal Instruction]:
When the self enters the mind-reality-realm,
You realize clear intense delight like the sky;
Then having the force of magical manifestation,
You achieve the form of a five year old boy,
And you realize incomparable perfect bliss.
Then when you project [your will] toward other births, You will truly realize an emanation [body] form.
Thus, by whatever wishes beings have,
Truly joining with the minds of humans,
You become just like what [they need],
Like the variegated jewel of the Siitra.
You will experience a truth body like the sky
Of intense delight, like death, fainting, [239aJ Falling asleep, yawning, or the moment of orgasm;
Intensely meditating on it, you cultivate The mentalities of embodied beings.
"You enter the mind-reality-realm" here means entering the death clear light, and realizing the thatness reality at that time. "When you achieve the form of a child" here means the time when you would other- wise achieve the [ordinary] between. "Then you realize incomparable perfection bliss" means that you attain the beatific body as previously explained. ? ? when you take another birth existence you attain an emana- tion body," indicates the two bodies of the path. Although this latter [point]
Chapter VIJJ- 1Wo Reality Perfection Stage ? 45 1
is not stated in the Integrated Practices, this fills in its intention. The one who achieves the magic body is capable of maintaining an emanation body that is perceived by the fleshly eye. "Therefore," [and following] is similar to the Integrated Practice. 'i' [quote above]. And the five lines from "truth body. . . " teach the taking as the path of the arisal of the ground clear light in the previous context of the ground reality. In this case where otherwise you would attain the between, as for this attain- ment of the beatific body, it refers to assuming the magic body without taking up the full-fledged between. Again from that same text, [the Per- sona/ Instruction ofMafljushrT]:
If you do not attain the three bodies,
You will [at least] become the chief of scientists, And gradually achieve the universal seal.
Thus, it states that, even if you do not attain the three bodies of the path, you will achieve a body of the chief of scientists, a distinctive em- bodiment for the mantric conduct; and it does not explain that one who does not achieve the three bodies then has a way of practicing the path in the between. Further, it is clear that such an embodiment [of chief scien- tist], without needing to take any further rebirth in another existence, is going to be born in a [celestial] buddhaverse. 1 32
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"l"b"ii"B"'2"' - The way of merging buddha- hood after becoming reborn]
Although the Root and Explanatory Tantras and the treatises of father and sons ! 239bl do not clearly explain the way of merging death and the between [with truth and beatific bodies] for one who attains buddha- hood after taking rebirth, that explanation of the Integrated Practices and
132 This whole section is fascinating in the context ofTsong Khapa's biography, as the Buddhajiianapada quote from the Maiijushrr Persona/ Instruction describes in a startlingly precise way the account given of Tsong Khapa's death in 1419, when his assembled disciples witnessed him transform into a small boy amid a dazzling explosion of light and energy. It is said he postponed his full body (as well as mind) buddhahood in his life for twenty-one years from his profound realization of 1398, because he could not engage in the Tantric conducts without resigning as a monk. So he then attained the magic body, clear light transparence, communion buddhahood at the time of death, 25th day of tenth
lunar month of 1419.
? ? 4? . :! ? Brilliant lllumination (? f the Lamp
the /1/umination ofthe Lamp can be applied to those two mergers illustra- tively [by interpolationl. and in this tradition, such an explanation from the private instructions of the mentors is excellent; just as in the case of the sleep and dream mergers.
If you wonder here. "in order to merge [the clear light with] the actuality of death, what sort of realization must you have right now? "
As for this. taking as a base the proper obtainment of initiation and the keeping of the vows and pledges, you then establish the foundation through practice of the creation stage. This is of extremely crucial impor- tance in all three of the patterns of buddhahood, in this life, in the between, and in the next life. Then by meditating on the methods of penetrating the vital points in the body, you compress the wind-energies into the dhuti and dissolve them, and then stabilize the development of the four voids. Then, if you are capable of applying the view that accurately realizes the import of selflessness, you are capable of merging [the clear light with] the voidnesses of death. Remembering the view at the time of the death clear light, you can also realize the import of the reality of thatness. If you have the former ability without the view, though you can merge the death voids, there is no realization of thatness. So there are two ways. If you can merge as in the former way, it develops with extremely great
effectiveness that you cut off the elaborations of coarse dualistic percep- tions, and the realization of the thatness reality develops with extremely great intensity. And if it is [only] as in the latter case, there is a very great difference. As for not gaining the ability even as much as that, if you from now remember in your mind again and again the stages that happen at death and constantly meditate on them, [240a] the force of such famili- arity clearly will enable you to recognize the death voids by being able to remember [the stages] on the point of death; since it is stated in the Stages of Yoga Practice that whatever you emphasize in mental habitua- tion in this life, you again will engage with the same thing on the point of death. In this regard further, by the influence of whether or not there is a connection with the [realistic] view, one does or does not realize the thatness reality when one recognizes the base clear light. And in regard to these again, as for the private instruction about the time of death, through the dissolving processes such as earth dissolving into water, you have the impressions from mirage up to candle-flame, then you should remember the private instructions about the three voids, and then you should meditate the private instructions about the two life-energy controls
Chapter VIII- Two Reality Perfection Stage ? 453
the path.
As Loyipa's Art ofAchievement, {Clear Realization ofthe Divine
Lord}, states:
the Qakinis.
This means that the yogi/nis at time of death are visited by heroes and heroines carrying various symbols in their hands and are led into the <;lakini paradise; that is, are plunged into the clear light, according to the three commentaries such as the Lawapa Commentary,133 stating that later [240bJ one should employ the arts of entering the clear light through such conditions. As to the meaning of the first two lines, "nirvana" refers to an ultimate death, which this is not, explaining that this is a restoration of the mind like going from house to house. Here the statement from the Supreme Bliss {Tantra} is just as an example; it is visibly evident in this life that being greeted by one's own chosen deity at the time of death is a benefit of those who have the intense devotion of keeping vows and pledges pure, revering the mentor, and meditating as archetype deity the creation stage of the chosen patron deity.
Here you might object, "If one who gets lost in the full-fledged between without attaining the magic body after the clear light of death does not attain buddhahood in the between, then what about the Concise Five Stages explanation? [As follows:]
Attaining the abode ofclear light, manifest buddhahood, The diligent will reach the supreme in this very life,
The indolent [will reach it] on the point of death,
And the worst one, in the existence between;
133 The three commentaries are by Tath! igatavajra (Toh. 1509); VIravajra (TOh. 4577); and
? The yogi/ni who restores the mind does not rely on
nirvana. At the time of migration, these yogi/nis, greeted
various flowers in their hands and various standards and banners, with the sound of cymbals and various delight-
and the two contemplations, the methods of developing the voids through
by such as the Glorious Heruka and the yogi/nis, carrying ful songs, recognize death, and are led to the paradise of
the one mentioned here by Lawapa (Toh. 4578).
454 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
And their supreme [emanation] bodies will accomplish the
aims of others.
[To answer,] this refers to attaining the supreme through that clear light of buddhahood from realizing clear light, realized at best in this life, at medium realized at the time of the death clear light, and at worst real- ized in the between. It does not refer to attaining buddhahood at the same time as the clear light of death or to attaining buddhahood in the actual between state; since the "worst" case must be interpreted as the one who attains buddhahood after another birth. Thus, as for the merging [the bea-
tific body] with the between, when you get the ability to merge [the truth body] with death, you will also get the ability to merge the between by the force of projecting the will as above explained in the between. How- ever, in that case one is practicing by using the imagination of self as a deity body after attaining the full-fledged between. [24tal As for the special method of recognizing the between, it can be developed properly by the force of meditating the four voids during the waking and sleep states. After that, there is the personal instruction for developing the illus- trative, metaphoric magic body; and even without that much ability, there is a good method in holding the dreams by will-power. Without any of those, when you impress in mind the private instruction of death, you must habituate yourself to impressing in mind the ways of achieving the
between after death and the meditations on the form of the magic body.
IVI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"1"b"ii"s" '3, , - Demonstrating the analysis
As the Concise Five Stages explains "you should merge the three kinds of between," by that example you should understand the three deaths and the three births. Though these mergers' designations do not occur clearly in the treatises of father and sons, they are meaningful.
The three betweens are the existence between, the corresponding dream between, [and the path between]-and here many persons in the Marpa tradition interpret the meaning of the expression "birth-death between" as this present body from birth until death-however, taking the two base reality betweens and the one path betweenl34 as the third,
134This seems to be the third stage magic body itself.
? ? and the synthesis of the mergers]
Chapter VIII- Two Reality Perfection Stage ? 455
corresponds better with the father and sons' treatises. Further, in the Five Stages there are mentionings of the magic body as a between, in regard to which there are both actual and virtual understandings. As for the three deaths, there is the well-known death, there is the sleep-death, which is the sleep voids prior to the key explanation of the dream body as a between, and in the perfection stage there is the path death which is developed according to the base reality death dissolution process. 124lbJ Thus there are two base reality deaths and one path death. As for the three births [or lives], there is the birth maintained as womb-birth from the existence between, there is the waking-time birth when the dream betweener again enters into the coarse body, and there is the birth when the magic body betweener [re-enters and] maintains the coarse body. Thus there are two base births and one path birth.
As for the first of those sets of three, the merger of between and beatific body is the magic body merger. As for the middle three, the mer- ger of death and the truth body is the clear light merger. And as for the final three, the merger of birth and the emanation body [is the magic body entering the coarse body or any other emanation for the sake of beings]. 135 In regard to those, if you synthesize them, they are called "the three merger cycles. " If you separate them, they are called "the nine mergers. "
Here, relying on the explanation of the Concise Five Stages:
By the energy of the furor-fire yoga, The mind objective is great bliss. Uniting dream and magic as one;
You should merge the three betweens. Addictions become the path of wisdoms. The path of swift cutting is ejection,
And body-possession is a branch.
Serdingpa connected the furor meditation in the private instruction lit- erature of the Community with the five stages and also gave the private instructions of ejection and body possession. As for the explanation in
1 35 As TMJng Khapa out of reticence did not maintain the parallel of the previous two sets of three by equating a line of mergers (death-truth body etc. ) with a path. I supplied the bracketed emanation path from his immediately previous listing of the lhird hirth merger.
? 456 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
the Concise Five Stages, in regard to meditating the furor-fire taught in the Yogini Tantras, it is claimed that it is taught in the terms substituted in the five stages of the Father Tantras. Doing it that way is in order to show how to synthesize all the paths of both types of Tantras, the actual five stages or their analogous [six branches or other stages]. Interpreting that way, the analogue of developing mind isolation by the wind-energies in vajra recitation [242al is the very same yoga of furor-fire. The analogue of mind isolation itself is the four joys of the great bliss derived from dissolving the wind-energies into the dhati channel depending on the meditation of furor-fire. Both of those do occur in the Mother Tantras. Thus the meaning <;>f that treatise is that one constitutes the five stages by adding [to the isolations' analogues] the Father Tantras' magic body, clear light, and communion; and it does not mean to explain things otherwise.
"Uniting dream and magic as one" means that the personal instruc- tions about dreams should be combined with the personal instructions about the magic body. "Between" refers to the three mergers of the magic body. As for this very merging of the two base reality time betweens with the path between, it is in order to purify the impure, the latter referred to as "addictions.
" If you do not attain the supreme in this life or in the between, then, having attaining a distinctively excellent embodiment for practicing Mantra in another life, the way of not prolonging that path is soul-ejection yoga, and body-possession is a distinctively excellent branch of soul-ejection yoga. Those two are clear in the Yogini Tantras. Or else, body-possession is the branch of swift cutting the path by exchanging in
this life one's own embodiment with another's embodiment because of differences of their qualities of good and bad. The reason for mentioning these two here, is to say, "add those two to the Father Tantra. " Or, since, once you are capable of creating the illustrative, metaphoric magic body of the Father Tantra, if you meditate the personal instruction of body- possession, you can develop a specially excellent ability, [the two are mentioned] in order to make that understood.
Many ways of merging the nine mergers have been explained. Yet there seem to remain some vital points [242bl which are very hard to under- stand, and they seem to require some further determination.
CHAPTER /X
Ultimate Clear Light Transparence
I 242b. l -263b. J I
Second, the perfection stage of ultimate clear light, has two parts: [a"] The import explained in the Five Stages and the Integrated Prac- tices: and [b"] The import explained in the endurance branch statement of the Further Tantra.
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c '3 'd 'ii 'A "2 "a " -
and the Integrated Practices]
The first has three parts: (i"] Procedure to ascertain the sequence, along with how to become eligible; [ii "] Explaining the practical instruc- tion in clear light to such a person; and [iii"] The way that stage also reaches the end of other paths.
Procedure to ascertai n the sequence, along with how to become eligible]
Here you might wonder, "As previously explained in the context of confirming the sequence [of the stages] , what is the reason for the state- ment that you cannot attain the clear light of this stage if you do not previously create the superficial reality magic body? "
In general, since according to the system of the Noble father and sons the direct realization of the import of the thatness reality which is objective selflessness is shared in common with the noble disciples and hermit buddhas, what need is there to mention that there is a direct reali- zation of that ultimate reality on the joyous stage of the Transcendence Vehicle? Since the achievement of the magic body is the uncommon dis- tinctive excellence of the unexcelled Mantra Vehicle, it is not claimed that
such a magic body must be achieved merely as a prerequisite of the direct realization of the ultimate reality clear light. However, the claim is that the achievement of the magic body must precede that objective clear light
457
? ? ? IYI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"2" -
The perfection stage of ultimate dear lightI
The import explained in the Five Stages
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"2"a"i" -
458 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
In that regard, according to the systems of other vehicles, the reali- zation of voidness, chief cause of the wisdom truth body, serves as an interactive condition for the matter body, and the infinite store of merit, chief cause of the matter body, (243a] serves as an interactive condition for the truth body. Nevertheless, you do not travel the path by taking these two chief causes as art and wisdom indivisible in actuality and combining them into one in a concentrated samadhi. In the context of this unexcelled vehicle, I have already explained the unerring union of bliss and void and their union in one actuality with the magic body. And I have also already
explained the import of how, though there is the similarity here in the mere general outline of the path of learning the six transcendences, having conceived the spirit of enlightenment, there is a distinctive way of learn- ing each of the separately categorized types of merit stores and there is a distinctive process wherein the realization of voidness is able to purify the objective obscurations.
According to that vital key point: the quickest Individual Vehicle [practice] causes the exhaustion of the addictions with their seeds in three lifetimes; and in the Transcendence Vehicle, there are very different long
and short timespans, such as the statements that it takes much time to attain the joyous stage where you directly realize the nature of reality, that the addictive obscurations are exhausted on the eighth stage, and that there are many different ways of abandoning and not abandoning addictions. Thus, in this path, the magic body is not created [only] in order to produce the intuitive wisdom which is just the direct realization of the reality of thatness by the orgasmic bliss. It is developed [also] in order to master the distinctive ability to purify the objective obscurations by the intuitive wisdom of objective clear light; since it is the chief cause of the uncommon matter body. Although when orgasmic (243b l bliss takes voidness as its object, there is a door for developing a distinctive ability to purify objective obscurations through that subjectivity, in this context of the perfection stage, the magic body is the substitute of the infinite stores of merit of the other vehicles. Recognizing the combination of those two is the ultimate vital key point.
Thus, though the [various ways of] achieving the matter body are similar in the sense of enhancing the distinctive ability of the chief cause of the wisdom truth body to purify the objective obscurations, there is a
which consists of the orgasmic bliss's direct realization of the extremely
subtle import of thatness. This will now be explained in detail.
Chapter IX- Ultimate Clear Light Transparence ? 459
very great difference in regard to what you take as the chief causes of the two bodies. Thereby you can understand the difference between how on the other vehicles you attain the body adorned with signs and with that support you meditate only voidness in concentrated samadhi, and then, aroused by the buddhas, you engage in gathering the magnificent stores in the aftermath; and how in this context when you attain the magic body you do not have to proceed in that way. In regard to these reasons for confirming the sequence, without easily being satisfied, you must deeply investigate the general arrangement of the procedures of the path in the other vehicles, in the other Tantra classes, and in the two [categories of Unexcelled] Tantras, and all the subtle vital key points of those. For, due to the extreme difficulty of understanding it, there are many likely but spurious explanations about the magic body such as "to purify the taints of holding magical illusion you must plunge it into the clear light! " and so on.
Therefore, the Fourth Stage [chapter of the Five Stages] states:
This self-arisen Divine Lord,
Alone is just the greatest of divinities;
The vajra master is even greater,
Since s/he bestows the personal instructions.
Having truly pleased him or her, Over years or also months, Having satisfied that mentor, Worship [244al as much as you can.
Having well instructed the consort
With whom you join, she should be given away, And you should make offerings with proper rites Amid the mandala of the host.
It declares that, since s/he bestows the personal instructions about this. you should view the mentor as greater than the Buddha, and you should propitiate him or her for a long time. After that you should make offer- ings with the secret and other offerings to the mentor who teaches this. And [Aryadeva also in] the Lamp of Integrated Practices says that you will not realize clear light without the personal instruction of the mentor. and that, having obtained the verbal transmission from the mentor who teaches indivisibly the causal and the fruitional teachings. you should
460 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
make offerings to that mentor as before. Though this is said [previously] in the context of receiving initiation, it is just the same in the context of receiving the practical instructions. You should understand that these, even if you perform them by mental imagination, are praised as the causes of arranging the favorable auspicious conditions for the distinc- tively excellent path.
After that, as for the the Five Stages and the Integrated Practices declaration that the mentor confers the secret and third initiation pre- ceded by the nine initiations [of the vase initiation], if you have previ- ously attained once the initiation that makes you a fit vessel, a second initiation to become fit is not necessary. In the Fourth Stage [chapter of the Five Stages] statement that, in the pre-dawn twilight136 of the night when the initiation was conferred at midnight, the disciple propitiates the
mentor by offerings and praise, the offerings are as before. The praises are the four and a half verses beginning with "Liberated from the three realms . . . " After that praise, it is stated that the disciple petitions the men- tor with the three verses from "Liberated from evolution and birth. . . . " [244b]
As for the reason behind the statement that you should praise and invite the mentor in harmony with the personal instructions in the con- texts of magic body and clear light, it is good to assert that you should meditate the mentor yoga, having also used it in the contexts of the other stages, and that you should pray with those procedures. Therefore, you should pray in that way not only on just the occasion of hearing the practical instructions but also on other occasions. Therefore, in general in all vehicles and in specific in this vehicle, you should not break your commitments to the mentor, you should make offerings while consider- ing him or her as a buddha, you should please him or her with all methods of propitiation and abandon all unpleasing things; this seems to be the superior vital point.
136 Here the PK verse Ch. IV, 7 mentions the pre-dawn twilight (Skt. praryusa. Tib. tho rangs) in connection with the attainment of clear light transparence, after praising and pleasing the mentor.
? manifest enlightenments; [B ' greatness.
Chapter IX- Ultimate Clear Light Transparence ? 46 1
"
? clear light to such a person] " The second has three parts: [A
') Explaining both outer and inner ) Explaining the two contemplations, the art of realizing them: [c'"] Explaining their synonyms, along with their
Explaining both outer and inner The first has two parts: [1'"] The actual meaning; and [2'"] Rebut-
ting objections.
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"2"a"ii"A"'1"' - The actual meaning]
As for what is taught out of compassion to such a disciple who prays in that way, [Nagarjuna says] in the Fourth Stage [chapter of the Five Stages] :
Luminance i s part of the night, day where bright sun-rays spread is luminant radiance,
Twilight [evening darkness] is luminant imminence, and gradually one's instinctual natures go [away].
Freedom from instincts is nor night, nor day, nor twilight dark,
It is just the instant of enlightenment taught by the best mentor, the goal of the yogi/nis themselves.
Twilight limit137 not ended, (24Sa) but its deep black darkness fully past,
Yet the sun not risen - this moment is proclaimed the taintless limit of reality.
137 Skt. samdhya-tejas (perhaps "energy of twilight") here oddly translated as Tib. mtshams kyi mtha, seems to mean that the ambiguous state between light and dark, "extreme twilight," so to speak, inconceivably bridges over into predawn dark-light-nondual clear light. See above, p. 367 n. I l l ; and again, see D. Kittay's translation of Jewel Rosary
Tantra, Twilight chapter 1 5.
? ? ? [VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"2"a"ii" - Explaining the practical instruction in
manifest enlightenments I
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c'3'd'ii'A"2"a"ii"A, -
462 ? Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp
The supreme master free of confusion shows the outer enlightenment to the disciple,
Who attains untroubled inner bliss by this instant of buddha enlightenment.
Thus both an outer and an inner enlightenment are taught. The Chag translation reads "Those are endowed all at once with freedom from instinctual natures," and "the end of darkness is finished and the splendor of twilight is entirely transcended, as long as the sun does not arise in that immaculate instant, here is taught the reality limit. "
Also [Aryadeva states] in the Integrated Practices, that
There are two kinds of manifest enlightenment. The outer manifest enlightenment is the clear light universal void- ness in the boundary-state of the predawn when the igno- rance luminance is transcended and the sun has not yet risen. Therein is the clear light universal voidness. 1 38
The import of this is explained as in the Five Stages, that passing beyond the times of imminence and the luminance night, while the sun has not yet risen, it is the predawn twilight [of clear light transparence] . [The Inte- grated Practices continues] :
When the sun rises it is radiance, When the sun sets it is ignorance, When the moon rises it is luminance.
As for teaching the inner manifest enlightenment: first, in the mirage-like state one sees an assemblage of five-colored light rays. Second, there is luminance like moon-rays. Third, there is luminance- radiance like sun-rays. Fourth, there is luminance-imminence like dark- ness. Then in the instant free from darkness, there is clear light transpar- ence, 1245bl extremely clear, having the nature of constant luminance, seen by the intuitive wisdom eye as the intrinsic identity of the ultimate reality.
138 Tsong Khapa abbreviates this quote from the CMP, especially the last phrases, but keeps the essential point .
? Chapter IX- Ultimate Clear Light Transparence ? 463
Here you might wonder, "Here the mentor teaches the disciple the two enlightenments, outer and inner. As for the first, dividing an outer day into four parts, if you interpret separately the explanation of the four voids, it is incorrect that the fourth void is the instant of enlightenment and that it is the object of the yogT/nT him/herself. If I interpret him [or her] as explaining the four voids taking as example the four skies of those times, since the inner four voids are also like that I will not be able to differentiate the outer and the inner? since in the inner occasion also, they are taught using the examples of moon, sun, and darkness. If I interpret it as producing the four wisdoms of the four voids in the four times, it would happen that in the time of each of those four times the four voids would not develop in one time, and so how then would l distinguish the difference between the outer and inner enlightenments? "
In this regard, Master Go set forth two systems, the position of Naropa and the position of both Tsunmojen and Kr? hQa Samayavajra.
The first of these [systems] is the explanation of the four parts of the day as the four voids, which refers to the interpretable meaning, outer enlightenment, since it is the example of reality, the time, the sign, and the means of indication. The definitive meaning is the inner enlighten- ment; if you meditate by uniting with the consort, bringing the enlighten-
ment spirit into the root, shaft, and vase of the vajra and sealing those three blisses with voids, then ensue the three path luminances and the universal (246aJ void clear light, when there is the wisdom of the bliss that eliminates the reality [habit grounded] instinctual constructs at the time of two drops releasing and two drops abiding.
The second of these [systems] is the outer enlightenment [that occurs] when the four outer examples indicate the negandum from the part of the four freedoms from adventitious instinctual constructs, and the inner enlightenment is when that is shown from the side of the expe- rience of immersing the magic [body] in the clear light through the two
contemplations.
As for Lak? hmi explaining the four parts of the day as the four
voids, it is claimed that these are the four inner voids which have those names, and the inner enlightenment is explained as the four voids relying on the evolution consort and the four voids relying on the wisdom consort, or the four voids attained through the progression of the five signs such as mirage. The Moonlight Commentary, the Clear Meaning, the Samayavajra Commentary, and Munishri explain the four voids of
464 ? Brilliant Illumination ofthe Lamp
the outer occasion as the inner four voids, without clearly differentiating outer and inner voids. If you analyze as before explained, those who dif- ferentiate outer and inner have no cogent answer, neither do the explana- tions of those who do not differentiate seem to have a cogent answer.
This point is very hard to understand and seems to be important, so it must be investigated. It must be understood relying on the statements from the Illumination of the Lamp Fifteenth Chapter. The Root Tantra states:
[With] a girl from the priest, warrior, Merchant lord, and commoner classes,
You should practice as the vajra Dharma-lord.
This is the means to attain the secret.
When the vajra sun sets
You should initiate all achievements.
At the time when the dawn light arises,
It will be achieved by the supreme meditation.
Explaining the meaning of this, [246h] [Chandrak. Irti's] [Illumination of the Lamp] Commentary explains as follows: The perfection stage practi- tioner takes a female consort from either of the four castes; relying on her, the Dharma unbreakable as a vajra diamond is the perfection stage yoga. As for the nature of that, the practitioner endowed with that under- standing should achieve the means of attaining the vajra secret that is Vajradhara. And that must be perfected by means of the progression of manifest enlightenment. The method of that is shown by the four lines
beginning with [the one containing] "vajra. "
In that regard, as there are two processes of outer and inner enlight-
enment, as for explaining the first; the vajra sun is the actual sun. "When it sets" refers to the passing of the time when the red sun is cut off; you should propitiate the mentor with whatever possessions are at hand. Then when you have attained initiation by the kindness of the mentor at midnight, at the time of dawn, since the parts of the night that indicate luminance have passed, at the time just before sunrise, you are struck by the transmission of the process of clear enlightenment, and you will achieve it-meaning it will become pure. All this explains the process of the outer enlightenment. If one explains according to the process of inner enlightenment, the vajra sun emerges as the nature of union of the art
Chapter IX- Ultimate Clear Light Transparence ? 465
[male] with the intuitive wisdom [female], and its setting is its cessation as the reality of wisdom emerges. Thus when luminance and radiance have set, you should initiate the imminence, the means of achieving clear light-that is, it emerges. Dawn arising is ignorance; when that is passed, the practitioners, by the cause and condition of the three voids, realize the supreme meditation that is the clear light, and thereby they will achieve the universal seal [embrace]. Here the universal seal [embrace] is [247al the communion [stage].
Since this is stated as the means of the direct realization of clear light, both outer and inner enlightenments should be applied to objective clear light. As for the reliance on the external seal [consort] in the occa- sion of the proximate cause of realizing that, it is the meaning of the first verse. As for the way of reliance, at midnight the mentor confers the initiation relying on the evolution seal, as a means of indicating clear light. After that, when hit by the personal instructions of the way of meditating predawn clear light and of the system of achieving commun- ion after that, you will attain objective clear light, and after that achieve communion. Thus, since the realization of objective clear light specially relates to the predawn time, it is called the outer enlightenment, and since the realization is accomplished by the process of the four inner voids it is called the inner enlightenment. Therefore, having taken the other three segments of time in a day as the other three voids, explained above in the mind isolation context, it is indicated by the examples of the sky of those times, and so there is no fault of being unable to differentiate outer and inner. The nonleamer's communion is also stated [by Nagarjuna] in Five Stages and [Aryadeva] in Integrated Practices as being attained in the predawn time.
[Here, you might] object, "As for the fact that the Five Stages and the Integrated Practices, for the sake of that one who has achieved the magic body and aims for the clear light, state the private instructions of the predawn after midnight initiation [as] two enlightenments and two contemplations, is it that you can produce the objective clear light in that
very predawn, or not? If not, it contradicts what was said above from the Illumination ofthe Lamp. If so, 1247111 since before obtaining such ability. one would be unfit to be taught the personal instructions of clear light.
? Second - Rebutting objections]
[VI. B. 3. b. ii. c '3 'd 'ii 'A "2 "a "ii "A "'2 "'
466 ? Brilliant Illumination ofthe Lamp
though one fully attains all four initiations before achieving the magic body, one would become unfit to learn completely the perfection stage that explains the Tantra by the six parameters and four procedures. Or, if one were fit, then explain the intention of teaching as above the way of learning the personal instruction of clear light having completed the magic body! "
Let us explain. In regard to that statement in the Five Stages and the Integrated Practices, there are two contexts, one that of achieving basic fitness and the other that of having attained the magic body and having such an ability. The Illumination ofthe Lamp statement intends the latter context and is not made in terms of all such statements. A qualified dis- ciple will prepare for attaining the complete fitness initiation by develop- ing understanding from a complete explanation of the Tantra. A fully quali- fied mentor thoroughly develops in his spiritual process a realization of
each phase of the path and so will explain the personal instructions that are developed in the disciple ' s spiritual process by the stages of the path teachings. Now since that disciple must still rely [on the mentor] even more intensely, how could it be the case that the personal instruction on the clear light previously explained would not now have to be explained [more deeply]? Therefore, since there are naturally limitless disciples for achieving the magic body, and there are even more limitless persons worthy of being their mentors, it does not suffice to count them by the masters and disciples of nowadays. I39
Just having attained the magic body, you cannot develop the objec- tive clear light within a single day; [248aJ since the Wisdom Vajra Com-
pendium states in the context of ultimate clear light as follows:
"Divine Lord! What happens after the three voids and clear light? " The Divine Lord replied, "Just as fire bums wood to ashes, so in clear light, wisdom intuition causes purification over a long time. Just as the tala leaves become ashes, the art intuition causes purification. Just as the petals of cotton plants bum, so the intuition of lumi- nance attained causes purification supremely quickly. "
139This is a rather amazing statement, considering the usual view ofthen and now being ever deeper in a dark age.
? Chapter IX- Ultimate Clear Light Transparence ? 467
And the Five Stages also states:
In a year or in a month, having propitiated that mentor. .
