224), that Thrasybulus became the
guardian
of Diod.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
411, when he was in command of a position through the machinations of Pausanias.
galley in the Athenian fleet at Samos, and took an After they had sustained a severe defeat, Pausanias
active part in the suppression of the oligarchical secretly sent to them, directing them to send an
conspiracy (Thuc. viii. 73). When the news arrived embassy to him, and suggesting the kind of
of the establishment of the Four Hundred at Athens, language that they should hold. An armistice was
Thrasybulus and Thrasyllus were among the most concluded with them, and deputies were despatched
active in urging resistance to the oligarchy, and by them to plead their cause at Sparta. The issue
exacted a solemn oath from the Athenians of the was a general reconciliation, accompanied by an
fleet that they would maintain the democracy, and amnesty, and the exiles entered the citò in
persevere in the war with the Peloponnesians. In triumph, and offered a sacrifice to Athene on the
an assembly held soon after in the camp, some of Acropolis. Soon afterwards the oligarchical exiles
the suspected generals. were removed, and others at Eleusis, who were preparing to renew the civil
appointed in their room. Among the latter was war, were overpowered, and a new act of amnesty
Thrasybulus. Through the influence of Thrasybulus was passed with respect to them, the credit of
a decree was passed by the camp-assembly, by which seems to have belonged to Thrasy bulus and
which Alcibiades was pardoned and recalled. Thra- his friends. (Xen. Helen. ii. 4. SS 2–43; Diod.
sybulus bimself sailed to fetch him from the court xiv. 32, 33 ; Paus. i. 29. $ 3, iii. 5. § 1; Plut. Lys.
of Tissaphernes. Shortly afterwards he set out 27. ) In B. c. 395 we find Thrasybulus moving the
towards the Hellespont with five galleys, when decree for an alliance between Thebes and Athens,
news arrived of the revolt of Eresus. After his when the former was menaced by Sparta, and
junction with Thrasyllus was fought the battle of leading an army to the help of the Thebans (Paus.
Cynossema, in which Thrasybulus commanded the i. 5. § 4 ; Xen. Hellen. iii. 5. § 16, &c). In B. C.
right wing, and by a sudden attack upon the 390 Thrasybulus was sent with forty ships to aid
Peloponnesians, who had gained a partial success, the democratical Rhodians against Teleutias. Not
turned the fortune of the day; (Thuc. viii. 75, 76, finding that he could be of any service at Rhodes,
81, 100, 104, &c. ). Just before the battle of he sailed away to Thrace, where he reconciled two
Cyzicus Thrasybulus joined Alcibiades with twenty Odrysian princes, Amadocus and Seuthes, and
galleys, having been despatched on an expedition brought them to enter into alliance with Athens.
to collect money from Thasos and other places in Seuthes offered to give him his daughter in mar-
that quarter. (Xen. Helien. i. 1. $ 12. ) In 407 riage. He then proceeded to Ryzantium, where
he was sent with a fleet of thirty ships to the coast by the aid of Archebius and Heracleides he esta-
of Thrace, where he reduced most of the revolted blished the democratical party, and restored the
cities to submission. (Xen. Hellcn. i. 4. § 9; Athenian interest. He also brought Chalcedon into
Demosth. adv. Lept. p. 474 ; Diod. xiii. 72. ) He alliance with Athens. In the island of Lesbos he
was about the same time elected one of the new reduced Methymna and some other towns. From
generals, together with Alcibiades. While engaged Lesbos he sailed southwards, and having anchored
in fortifying Phocaea, he received a visit from in the Eurymedon near Aspendus, the inhabitants of
Alcibiades, who had left his fleet at Notium. this place fell upon him in the night and killed him
(Xen. l. c. i. 5. $ 6. ) After the unfortunate battle in his tent. (Diod. xiv. 94, 99, Xen. Hidlon. ir.
of Notium took place, he was involved in the 8. § 25, &c. ; Demosth. alv. Lept. p. 475. ) His tomb
disgrace of Alcibiades, and was superseded in his was on the road leading to the Academy, near
command, but still continued to serve in the fleet. those of Pericles, Chabrias, and Phormion. (Paus.
He was one of the subordinate officers at the battle | i. 29. § 3. )
of Arginusae, and was one of those charged with 4. Son of the preceding, had for some offence or
the duty of taking care of the wrecks. (Xen. i. 6. other a fine of ten talents inflicted on him. (Demosth.
§ 35. ) He is said to have had a dream before the de fuls. Leg. p. 431. )
battle, which portended the victory and the death ö. An Athenian, a native of the deme Colyttus,
of the generals (Diod. xiii. 97). On the establish- was one of the companions of Thrasybulus the
ment of the Thirty Tyrants he was banished, and Steirian at Phyle and Peiraeus. In B. c. 388 he
was living in exile at Thebes when the rulers of was in command of eight ships off the coast of
Athens were perpetrating their excesses of tyranny. Thrace. We learn that nevertheless he was twice
w the language
citas, though c
substance of po
the minister of
be is said to has
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master also repr
friends of the r
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merce
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THRAS
and conten
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the Elean
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## p. 1109 (#1125) ##########################################
CU'S
1109
THRASYDAEUS.
THRASYLLUS.
th arms and DTT,
sized the fact
Ar reinforced, and
Lpor the forces
back the li care
aards he descended
und marched into
tion on tse L
br most of the
ces of the tyres
inst the beat
Teatles. Ik
ce of tbe Terr
son to create
to strecord
انه لاسه و
In der
mucas Led
Peiracos Tse
o their person
of Pace
feat. Pasta
the kneen
ste derested
Te ex
aried is
sve as a
- the ori
Tbas and
43; I.
condemned and thrown into prison. (Xen. IIellen. ened, but the mistake was soon discovered, and
v. 1. & 26 ; Demosth. add. Timocr. Po 742. ) Thrasydaeus, who, at the beginning of the out-
6. An Elean, the son of Aeneas. He was a break, was sunk in sleep from the influence of
bootlısayer, in which capacity he foretold to the wine, put himself at the head of the people, and
Mantineans their victory over Agis and the Lace- completely conquered the oligarchs. Agis, how-
daemonians, and himself took part in the battle. ever, when he retired froin Elis, left a Lacedaemo.
(Pans. vi. 2. § 4, viii. 10. § 5 ; comp. vi. 13. § 11, nian garrison in Epitalium, and the Eleans were so
vi. 14. & 9. )
harassed by the ravages it committed, that Thrasy-
7. Brother of Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse. On daeus, in the following year (B. C. 399), was com.
the death of Hieron, Thrasybulus succeeded pelled to sue to Sparta for peace, and to purchase
him in the government. It does not appear dis it by absolute submission. (Xen. llell. iii. 2. &S
tinctly whether he assumed the tyranny because 27-30 ; Paus. iii. 8. ) We may perhaps identify
the son of Gelon was not yet old enough, or, with the subject of the present article the Thrasy-
as the language of Aristotle (Polit. v. 8) indi- lucus of Elis, who is mentioned as having been per-
cates, though called tyrant, und possessing the suaded by his friend Lysias, the orator, to supply
substance of power, was in fuct little more than two talents to the Athenian patriots under Thra-
the minister or favourite of his nephew, whom sybulus, in aid of their enterprise against the
he is said to have corrupted, that he might after Thirty Tyrants, B. C. 403 (Pseudo-Plut. l'it. X.
wards supplant him. Aristotle's version of the Orat. Lys. )
matter also represents the resistance offered by the 2. Of Elis, an eunuch, who, instigated by a
friends of the rightful heir, as leading to the over- private injury, murdered Eragoras, king of Salamis
throw of the dynasty. It is possible enough, as in Cyprus, in B. C. 374. (Theopomp. ap. Phot.
Dr. Thirlwall suggests (Hist. of Greece, vol. iii. p. 120, a, b; comp. Arist. Pol. v. 10, ed. Bekk. ;
p.
224), that Thrasybulus became the guardian of Diod. xv. 47 ; Wess. ad loc. ) [EVAGORAS, No.
his nephew on the death of Polyzelus, and before 1. )
(E. E. )
the death of Hieron; and that, having rendered the THRASYDAEUS (paoudaios), tyrant of
youth odious and contemptible, he found no diffi- Agrigentum, was the son and successor of Theron.
culty, when Hieron died, in setting him aside, and Already during his father's lifetime he had been
usurping his authority. This supposition, however, appointed to the government of Himera, where, by
still leaves unexplained Aristotle's statement about his violent and arbitrary conduct, he alienated the
the expulsion of the dynasty, which is one of the minds of the citizens, so that they were on the
most important features of his account. Little, point of breaking out into revolt. But having ap-
therefore, is gained by any endeavour to reconcile plied for support to Hieron of Syracuse, that ruler
the two versions. According to the more detailed betrayed their application to Theron, who, in con-
narration of Diodorus (xi. 67), Thrasybulus di- sequence, put to death the leaders of the disaffected
rectly succeeded Hieron, and soon provoked a revolt party, and effectually re-established his authority.
by his rapacity and cruelty. With the aid of (Diod. xi. 48. ) Whether Thrasy daeus retained
foreign mercenaries, and some troops from Aetna his position at Himera after this, we know not:
and Catana, amounting altogether to 15,000 men, but on the death of Theron he succeeded without
he maintained his ground for some time in Acra- opposition in the sovereignty of both cities. His
dina and the Island. The Syracusans entrenched tyrannical and violent character soon displayed
themselves in the quarter called Tyche, and sent itself, and rendered him as unpopular at Agrigentum
for assistance to Gela, Agrigentum, Selinus, Hi- as he had been at Himera. But his first object
mera, and the inland cities of Sicily. They readily was to renew the war with Hieron, against whom
lent their aid, and Thrasybulus was decisively he had already taken an active part during his
defeated both by sea and by land. He thereupon father's lifetime. (Schol. ad Pind. Ol. ii. 29. ) He
entered into a negotiation with his revolted sub- therefore assembled a large force of mercenaries,
jects, and was allowed to abdicate his authority besides a general levy from Agrigentum and Hi-
and retire into exile. He withdrew to Locri, in mera, and advanced against Hieron, but was de-
Italy, and there ended his days. His dynasty feated after an obstinate and sanguinary struggle ;
ended with him.
and the Agrigentines immediately took advantage
8. Son of Xenocrates, and nephew of Theron of this disaster to expel him from their city. He
tyrant of Agrigentum. He is mentioned on more made his escape to Greece, but was arrested at
than one occasion by Pindar. (Pyth. vi. , Isthm. ii. , Megara, and publicly executed. (Diod. xi. 53. )
Fragm. 89. 1. )
(C. P. M. ] Diodorus assigns the whole of these events to the
THRASYBU'LUS (Opuoúbovaos), a friend year B. C. 472, in which Theron died, but there
and contemporary of Galen, in the latter half of are some difficulties in this chronology. (See
the second century after Christ. Galen addressed Böckh, ad Pind. vol. iii. p. 209; and Brunet de
two of his works to him, viz. De Optima Secla Presle, Recherches sur les Etablissemens Grecs en
(vol. i. p. 106) and Utrum Medicinae sit an Gym- Sicile, p. 145, note. )
(E. H. B. ]
nastices Hygieine (vol. v. p. 806); but
does not
THRASYLLA ENN [ENNIA. )
seem certain that he was a physician. [W. A. G. ] THRASYLLUS or THRASYLUS (Opáov. -
THRASYDAEUS (Opao udalos). 1. A citi-los, Opáoulos). 1. An Argive, was one of the
zen of Elis, and leader of the democratic party five generals of the commonwealth when Argolis
there. When the Spartans under Agis invaded was invaded by the Lacedaemonians under Agis
the Elean territory, in B. C. 400, the oligarchs of 11. , in B. c. 418. Agis succeeded in placing a
Elis, led by Xenias, made an attempt to over- division of his army between the Argive forces and
power their political adversaries, and killed, among | Argos, thus cutting them off from their city, while
others, a man, whom, from the likeness between their flank and rear were threatened by his two
the two, they mistook for Thrasydaeus. The other divisions. Thrasyllus perceived the danger
democratic party were hereupon much disheart of this position, and, together with Alciphron (one
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## p. 1110 (#1126) ##########################################
1110
THRASYLLUS.
THRASYMACHUS.
Sud. o.
ticularly fons
Boss (Qai
Kapadir max
Dertions as
Τιεοι1, 2.
Aapaal
from one of bi
was placed o
Torona e
I
of his fellow. citizens and a proxenus of Lacedae- same year, and in B. c. 407 he led homne to Athens a
mon), obtained an interview with Agis, and in- portion of the triumphant armament. Not long after,
duced him by the hope of a permanent peace to he was one of the generals who were appointed to
grant them a truce for four months. Thrasyllus supersede Alcibiades after the battle of Notium,
and Alciphron, however, had taken this step with and was present in that capacity at Arginusae in
out being authorized ; and the Argives, who ima- B. C. 406. After the battle it was he who proposed
gined that they had been on the point of gaining to leave 47 galleys behind to save the men from
an easy victory over the Lacedaemonians, shut in the wrecks, while the main body of the fleet should
as the latter were between them and the city, were sail against the ships of the enemy, which were
highly exasperated, and began to stone Thrasyllus blockading Mytilene. He was also among the six
in the military court which was always held just generals who returned to Athens and were shame-
outside the walls of Argos after an expedition. He fully put to death by the people through the in-
saved his life only by taking refuge at an altar, trigues of Theramenes. It should be observed that
and he was punished by the confiscation of his Diodorus, in his account of several of the abore
property. (Thục. v. 59, 60. )
events, substitutes, by an error, the name of Thra-
2. An Athenian, was serving as a hoplite in the sybulus for that of Thrasyllus. (Thuc. viii. 73, 75,
army at Samos, in B. c. 411, and was one of those 76, 104, 105; Xen. Hull. i. 1. $S 8, 33, 34, 2. SS
who persuaded the soldiers and sailors to aid the 1-17, 3. SS 4, &c. , 14, &c. , 4. § 10, 6. § 16,
Samian people ngainst the expected attempt of the 6. § 30, 7. $S 2, 29, 31; Plat. Theag. p. 129 ;
oligarchical conspirators to put down democracy in Plut. Alc. 29—31 ; Diod. xiii. 64, 66, 74, 101,
the island. The consequence was the defeat of the 102 ; Palm. and Wess. ad Diod. xiii. 74. ) [E. E. )
revolutionists. Shortly after, when Chaereas had THRASYLLUS (Opáovilos), a musician of
brought to Samos an exaggerated account of the Phlius, is mentioned by Plutarch (de Mus. 21, p.
tyranny and violence of the 400 at Athens, Thra- | 1137, f. ), in connection with Tyrtaeus of Manti-
byllus and Thrasybulus bound the army by an neia and Andreas of Corinth, as having purposely
oath to be faithful to democracy, zealous in the abstained from many of the artificial refinements
war with the Peloponnesians, and ever hostile to which were introduced at an early period into
the revolutionary government at home ; and, in the Greek music. From the way in which he is men-
election of new generals which ensued, these two tioned by Plutarch, he seems to have lived in the
were included in the number. In the same year, early part of the fifth century B. C. [P. S. )
B. C. 411, Thrasyllus commanded the left wing of THRASYLLUS, was a celebrated astrologer
the fleet at the battle of Cynossema, in which the at Rhodes, with whom Tiberius became acquainted
Athenians defeated the Peloponnesians ; and some during his residence in that island, and ever after-
what later, after the victory gained by the Athe-wards held in the highest honour. It was said
nians over the Lacedaemonian feet near Abydus, that Tiberius had intended to kill him after con-
he was despatched to Athens to bear the good sulting him respecting his future destinies ; but
news and to ask for supplies. Some time after his that Thrasyllus, when he had predicted the empire
arrival, Agis having, in a foray from Deceleia, ad- to Tiberius, said that he perceived from the ob-
vanced too near the walls of the city, Thrasyllus servation of the stars that his own death was near
led out the Athenians against him and obtained a at hand, by which announcement he so convinced
slight advantage, in consequence of which his Tiberius of the truth of his art, that Tiberius not
countrymen the more readily voted him a rein. only gave up his intention of murdering him, but
forcement both of men and ships. With these he admitted him to his intimate friendship. Thrasyllus
bailed early in B. c. 409 to Samos, whence he pro- accompanied Tiberius to Rome, when he was
ceeded to the coast of Asia and attacked the town recalled by Augustus, and appears to have always
of Pygela without success. Within a few days, lived with him. He died in A. D. 36, the year
however, Colophon surrendered to him, and he before Tiberius, and is said to have saved the lives
then advanced into Lydia, and having ravaged the of many persons whom Tiberius would otherwise
country, proceeded by sea against Ephesus, but have put to death by falsely predicting for this
here he was defeated and driven back to his ships very purpose that the emperor would live ten years
by the forces of the Ephesians, united with those longer. (Tac. Ann. vi. 20—22 ; Dion Cass. lv
of Tissaphernes and the Syracusans ; and after 11, lvii. 15, lviii. 27 ; Suet. Aug. 98, Tib. 14, 62,
sailing to Notium where he buried his dead, Cal. 19; Schol. ad Juv. vi. 576 ; Julian. Ep. ad
he steered his course for Lesbos. Here, while Themist. p. 265, Spanh. ) The son of this Thrasyllus
anchoring at Methymna, he observed the Syra- succeeded to his father's skill, and is said to have
cusan squadron sailing by, whereupon he attacked predicted the empire to Nero. (Tac. Ann. vi. 22,
it, captured four ships with their crews, and chased comp. xiv. 9 ; Dion Cass. Ixi. 2. )
the rest back to Ephesus. He then continued his THRASY'MACHUS (Opao vuaxos), a native
voyage to Sestus, where he joined the force under of Chalcedon, was a sophist, and one of the earliest
Alcibiades, and the whole fleet crossed over together cultivators of the art of rhetoric. He was a con-
to Lampsacus ; but the troops of Alcibiades, who temporary of Gorgias. (Cic.
galley in the Athenian fleet at Samos, and took an After they had sustained a severe defeat, Pausanias
active part in the suppression of the oligarchical secretly sent to them, directing them to send an
conspiracy (Thuc. viii. 73). When the news arrived embassy to him, and suggesting the kind of
of the establishment of the Four Hundred at Athens, language that they should hold. An armistice was
Thrasybulus and Thrasyllus were among the most concluded with them, and deputies were despatched
active in urging resistance to the oligarchy, and by them to plead their cause at Sparta. The issue
exacted a solemn oath from the Athenians of the was a general reconciliation, accompanied by an
fleet that they would maintain the democracy, and amnesty, and the exiles entered the citò in
persevere in the war with the Peloponnesians. In triumph, and offered a sacrifice to Athene on the
an assembly held soon after in the camp, some of Acropolis. Soon afterwards the oligarchical exiles
the suspected generals. were removed, and others at Eleusis, who were preparing to renew the civil
appointed in their room. Among the latter was war, were overpowered, and a new act of amnesty
Thrasybulus. Through the influence of Thrasybulus was passed with respect to them, the credit of
a decree was passed by the camp-assembly, by which seems to have belonged to Thrasy bulus and
which Alcibiades was pardoned and recalled. Thra- his friends. (Xen. Helen. ii. 4. SS 2–43; Diod.
sybulus bimself sailed to fetch him from the court xiv. 32, 33 ; Paus. i. 29. $ 3, iii. 5. § 1; Plut. Lys.
of Tissaphernes. Shortly afterwards he set out 27. ) In B. c. 395 we find Thrasybulus moving the
towards the Hellespont with five galleys, when decree for an alliance between Thebes and Athens,
news arrived of the revolt of Eresus. After his when the former was menaced by Sparta, and
junction with Thrasyllus was fought the battle of leading an army to the help of the Thebans (Paus.
Cynossema, in which Thrasybulus commanded the i. 5. § 4 ; Xen. Hellen. iii. 5. § 16, &c). In B. C.
right wing, and by a sudden attack upon the 390 Thrasybulus was sent with forty ships to aid
Peloponnesians, who had gained a partial success, the democratical Rhodians against Teleutias. Not
turned the fortune of the day; (Thuc. viii. 75, 76, finding that he could be of any service at Rhodes,
81, 100, 104, &c. ). Just before the battle of he sailed away to Thrace, where he reconciled two
Cyzicus Thrasybulus joined Alcibiades with twenty Odrysian princes, Amadocus and Seuthes, and
galleys, having been despatched on an expedition brought them to enter into alliance with Athens.
to collect money from Thasos and other places in Seuthes offered to give him his daughter in mar-
that quarter. (Xen. Helien. i. 1. $ 12. ) In 407 riage. He then proceeded to Ryzantium, where
he was sent with a fleet of thirty ships to the coast by the aid of Archebius and Heracleides he esta-
of Thrace, where he reduced most of the revolted blished the democratical party, and restored the
cities to submission. (Xen. Hellcn. i. 4. § 9; Athenian interest. He also brought Chalcedon into
Demosth. adv. Lept. p. 474 ; Diod. xiii. 72. ) He alliance with Athens. In the island of Lesbos he
was about the same time elected one of the new reduced Methymna and some other towns. From
generals, together with Alcibiades. While engaged Lesbos he sailed southwards, and having anchored
in fortifying Phocaea, he received a visit from in the Eurymedon near Aspendus, the inhabitants of
Alcibiades, who had left his fleet at Notium. this place fell upon him in the night and killed him
(Xen. l. c. i. 5. $ 6. ) After the unfortunate battle in his tent. (Diod. xiv. 94, 99, Xen. Hidlon. ir.
of Notium took place, he was involved in the 8. § 25, &c. ; Demosth. alv. Lept. p. 475. ) His tomb
disgrace of Alcibiades, and was superseded in his was on the road leading to the Academy, near
command, but still continued to serve in the fleet. those of Pericles, Chabrias, and Phormion. (Paus.
He was one of the subordinate officers at the battle | i. 29. § 3. )
of Arginusae, and was one of those charged with 4. Son of the preceding, had for some offence or
the duty of taking care of the wrecks. (Xen. i. 6. other a fine of ten talents inflicted on him. (Demosth.
§ 35. ) He is said to have had a dream before the de fuls. Leg. p. 431. )
battle, which portended the victory and the death ö. An Athenian, a native of the deme Colyttus,
of the generals (Diod. xiii. 97). On the establish- was one of the companions of Thrasybulus the
ment of the Thirty Tyrants he was banished, and Steirian at Phyle and Peiraeus. In B. c. 388 he
was living in exile at Thebes when the rulers of was in command of eight ships off the coast of
Athens were perpetrating their excesses of tyranny. Thrace. We learn that nevertheless he was twice
w the language
citas, though c
substance of po
the minister of
be is said to has
wards supplant
master also repr
friends of the r
troy of the d
D. . Tariwall !
221), that T
his nephew on
the death of H
fouth odions
clip, when
usurping his a
still leares une
the espulsion
most importa
therefore, is a
the tro versi
Darration of
letty succeed
a
bp bia tapat
foreigo
merce
and Catana,
Luaintaine
dina and the
themselves i
fat assistance
Ters, and the
lent their ?
delated bot
entered into
jees, and
and retire is
Izs, and
ended with
8. Sond
tyrant of A
than one o
Fragaa. 89.
THRAS
and conten
the second
170 of his
(ielip
astics Hy
en cera
THRA
zen of El
there. 17
the Elean
Elis, led
Lover the
а
others, a
the two,
denocratic
## p. 1109 (#1125) ##########################################
CU'S
1109
THRASYDAEUS.
THRASYLLUS.
th arms and DTT,
sized the fact
Ar reinforced, and
Lpor the forces
back the li care
aards he descended
und marched into
tion on tse L
br most of the
ces of the tyres
inst the beat
Teatles. Ik
ce of tbe Terr
son to create
to strecord
انه لاسه و
In der
mucas Led
Peiracos Tse
o their person
of Pace
feat. Pasta
the kneen
ste derested
Te ex
aried is
sve as a
- the ori
Tbas and
43; I.
condemned and thrown into prison. (Xen. IIellen. ened, but the mistake was soon discovered, and
v. 1. & 26 ; Demosth. add. Timocr. Po 742. ) Thrasydaeus, who, at the beginning of the out-
6. An Elean, the son of Aeneas. He was a break, was sunk in sleep from the influence of
bootlısayer, in which capacity he foretold to the wine, put himself at the head of the people, and
Mantineans their victory over Agis and the Lace- completely conquered the oligarchs. Agis, how-
daemonians, and himself took part in the battle. ever, when he retired froin Elis, left a Lacedaemo.
(Pans. vi. 2. § 4, viii. 10. § 5 ; comp. vi. 13. § 11, nian garrison in Epitalium, and the Eleans were so
vi. 14. & 9. )
harassed by the ravages it committed, that Thrasy-
7. Brother of Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse. On daeus, in the following year (B. C. 399), was com.
the death of Hieron, Thrasybulus succeeded pelled to sue to Sparta for peace, and to purchase
him in the government. It does not appear dis it by absolute submission. (Xen. llell. iii. 2. &S
tinctly whether he assumed the tyranny because 27-30 ; Paus. iii. 8. ) We may perhaps identify
the son of Gelon was not yet old enough, or, with the subject of the present article the Thrasy-
as the language of Aristotle (Polit. v. 8) indi- lucus of Elis, who is mentioned as having been per-
cates, though called tyrant, und possessing the suaded by his friend Lysias, the orator, to supply
substance of power, was in fuct little more than two talents to the Athenian patriots under Thra-
the minister or favourite of his nephew, whom sybulus, in aid of their enterprise against the
he is said to have corrupted, that he might after Thirty Tyrants, B. C. 403 (Pseudo-Plut. l'it. X.
wards supplant him. Aristotle's version of the Orat. Lys. )
matter also represents the resistance offered by the 2. Of Elis, an eunuch, who, instigated by a
friends of the rightful heir, as leading to the over- private injury, murdered Eragoras, king of Salamis
throw of the dynasty. It is possible enough, as in Cyprus, in B. C. 374. (Theopomp. ap. Phot.
Dr. Thirlwall suggests (Hist. of Greece, vol. iii. p. 120, a, b; comp. Arist. Pol. v. 10, ed. Bekk. ;
p.
224), that Thrasybulus became the guardian of Diod. xv. 47 ; Wess. ad loc. ) [EVAGORAS, No.
his nephew on the death of Polyzelus, and before 1. )
(E. E. )
the death of Hieron; and that, having rendered the THRASYDAEUS (paoudaios), tyrant of
youth odious and contemptible, he found no diffi- Agrigentum, was the son and successor of Theron.
culty, when Hieron died, in setting him aside, and Already during his father's lifetime he had been
usurping his authority. This supposition, however, appointed to the government of Himera, where, by
still leaves unexplained Aristotle's statement about his violent and arbitrary conduct, he alienated the
the expulsion of the dynasty, which is one of the minds of the citizens, so that they were on the
most important features of his account. Little, point of breaking out into revolt. But having ap-
therefore, is gained by any endeavour to reconcile plied for support to Hieron of Syracuse, that ruler
the two versions. According to the more detailed betrayed their application to Theron, who, in con-
narration of Diodorus (xi. 67), Thrasybulus di- sequence, put to death the leaders of the disaffected
rectly succeeded Hieron, and soon provoked a revolt party, and effectually re-established his authority.
by his rapacity and cruelty. With the aid of (Diod. xi. 48. ) Whether Thrasy daeus retained
foreign mercenaries, and some troops from Aetna his position at Himera after this, we know not:
and Catana, amounting altogether to 15,000 men, but on the death of Theron he succeeded without
he maintained his ground for some time in Acra- opposition in the sovereignty of both cities. His
dina and the Island. The Syracusans entrenched tyrannical and violent character soon displayed
themselves in the quarter called Tyche, and sent itself, and rendered him as unpopular at Agrigentum
for assistance to Gela, Agrigentum, Selinus, Hi- as he had been at Himera. But his first object
mera, and the inland cities of Sicily. They readily was to renew the war with Hieron, against whom
lent their aid, and Thrasybulus was decisively he had already taken an active part during his
defeated both by sea and by land. He thereupon father's lifetime. (Schol. ad Pind. Ol. ii. 29. ) He
entered into a negotiation with his revolted sub- therefore assembled a large force of mercenaries,
jects, and was allowed to abdicate his authority besides a general levy from Agrigentum and Hi-
and retire into exile. He withdrew to Locri, in mera, and advanced against Hieron, but was de-
Italy, and there ended his days. His dynasty feated after an obstinate and sanguinary struggle ;
ended with him.
and the Agrigentines immediately took advantage
8. Son of Xenocrates, and nephew of Theron of this disaster to expel him from their city. He
tyrant of Agrigentum. He is mentioned on more made his escape to Greece, but was arrested at
than one occasion by Pindar. (Pyth. vi. , Isthm. ii. , Megara, and publicly executed. (Diod. xi. 53. )
Fragm. 89. 1. )
(C. P. M. ] Diodorus assigns the whole of these events to the
THRASYBU'LUS (Opuoúbovaos), a friend year B. C. 472, in which Theron died, but there
and contemporary of Galen, in the latter half of are some difficulties in this chronology. (See
the second century after Christ. Galen addressed Böckh, ad Pind. vol. iii. p. 209; and Brunet de
two of his works to him, viz. De Optima Secla Presle, Recherches sur les Etablissemens Grecs en
(vol. i. p. 106) and Utrum Medicinae sit an Gym- Sicile, p. 145, note. )
(E. H. B. ]
nastices Hygieine (vol. v. p. 806); but
does not
THRASYLLA ENN [ENNIA. )
seem certain that he was a physician. [W. A. G. ] THRASYLLUS or THRASYLUS (Opáov. -
THRASYDAEUS (Opao udalos). 1. A citi-los, Opáoulos). 1. An Argive, was one of the
zen of Elis, and leader of the democratic party five generals of the commonwealth when Argolis
there. When the Spartans under Agis invaded was invaded by the Lacedaemonians under Agis
the Elean territory, in B. C. 400, the oligarchs of 11. , in B. c. 418. Agis succeeded in placing a
Elis, led by Xenias, made an attempt to over- division of his army between the Argive forces and
power their political adversaries, and killed, among | Argos, thus cutting them off from their city, while
others, a man, whom, from the likeness between their flank and rear were threatened by his two
the two, they mistook for Thrasydaeus. The other divisions. Thrasyllus perceived the danger
democratic party were hereupon much disheart of this position, and, together with Alciphron (one
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of his fellow. citizens and a proxenus of Lacedae- same year, and in B. c. 407 he led homne to Athens a
mon), obtained an interview with Agis, and in- portion of the triumphant armament. Not long after,
duced him by the hope of a permanent peace to he was one of the generals who were appointed to
grant them a truce for four months. Thrasyllus supersede Alcibiades after the battle of Notium,
and Alciphron, however, had taken this step with and was present in that capacity at Arginusae in
out being authorized ; and the Argives, who ima- B. C. 406. After the battle it was he who proposed
gined that they had been on the point of gaining to leave 47 galleys behind to save the men from
an easy victory over the Lacedaemonians, shut in the wrecks, while the main body of the fleet should
as the latter were between them and the city, were sail against the ships of the enemy, which were
highly exasperated, and began to stone Thrasyllus blockading Mytilene. He was also among the six
in the military court which was always held just generals who returned to Athens and were shame-
outside the walls of Argos after an expedition. He fully put to death by the people through the in-
saved his life only by taking refuge at an altar, trigues of Theramenes. It should be observed that
and he was punished by the confiscation of his Diodorus, in his account of several of the abore
property. (Thục. v. 59, 60. )
events, substitutes, by an error, the name of Thra-
2. An Athenian, was serving as a hoplite in the sybulus for that of Thrasyllus. (Thuc. viii. 73, 75,
army at Samos, in B. c. 411, and was one of those 76, 104, 105; Xen. Hull. i. 1. $S 8, 33, 34, 2. SS
who persuaded the soldiers and sailors to aid the 1-17, 3. SS 4, &c. , 14, &c. , 4. § 10, 6. § 16,
Samian people ngainst the expected attempt of the 6. § 30, 7. $S 2, 29, 31; Plat. Theag. p. 129 ;
oligarchical conspirators to put down democracy in Plut. Alc. 29—31 ; Diod. xiii. 64, 66, 74, 101,
the island. The consequence was the defeat of the 102 ; Palm. and Wess. ad Diod. xiii. 74. ) [E. E. )
revolutionists. Shortly after, when Chaereas had THRASYLLUS (Opáovilos), a musician of
brought to Samos an exaggerated account of the Phlius, is mentioned by Plutarch (de Mus. 21, p.
tyranny and violence of the 400 at Athens, Thra- | 1137, f. ), in connection with Tyrtaeus of Manti-
byllus and Thrasybulus bound the army by an neia and Andreas of Corinth, as having purposely
oath to be faithful to democracy, zealous in the abstained from many of the artificial refinements
war with the Peloponnesians, and ever hostile to which were introduced at an early period into
the revolutionary government at home ; and, in the Greek music. From the way in which he is men-
election of new generals which ensued, these two tioned by Plutarch, he seems to have lived in the
were included in the number. In the same year, early part of the fifth century B. C. [P. S. )
B. C. 411, Thrasyllus commanded the left wing of THRASYLLUS, was a celebrated astrologer
the fleet at the battle of Cynossema, in which the at Rhodes, with whom Tiberius became acquainted
Athenians defeated the Peloponnesians ; and some during his residence in that island, and ever after-
what later, after the victory gained by the Athe-wards held in the highest honour. It was said
nians over the Lacedaemonian feet near Abydus, that Tiberius had intended to kill him after con-
he was despatched to Athens to bear the good sulting him respecting his future destinies ; but
news and to ask for supplies. Some time after his that Thrasyllus, when he had predicted the empire
arrival, Agis having, in a foray from Deceleia, ad- to Tiberius, said that he perceived from the ob-
vanced too near the walls of the city, Thrasyllus servation of the stars that his own death was near
led out the Athenians against him and obtained a at hand, by which announcement he so convinced
slight advantage, in consequence of which his Tiberius of the truth of his art, that Tiberius not
countrymen the more readily voted him a rein. only gave up his intention of murdering him, but
forcement both of men and ships. With these he admitted him to his intimate friendship. Thrasyllus
bailed early in B. c. 409 to Samos, whence he pro- accompanied Tiberius to Rome, when he was
ceeded to the coast of Asia and attacked the town recalled by Augustus, and appears to have always
of Pygela without success. Within a few days, lived with him. He died in A. D. 36, the year
however, Colophon surrendered to him, and he before Tiberius, and is said to have saved the lives
then advanced into Lydia, and having ravaged the of many persons whom Tiberius would otherwise
country, proceeded by sea against Ephesus, but have put to death by falsely predicting for this
here he was defeated and driven back to his ships very purpose that the emperor would live ten years
by the forces of the Ephesians, united with those longer. (Tac. Ann. vi. 20—22 ; Dion Cass. lv
of Tissaphernes and the Syracusans ; and after 11, lvii. 15, lviii. 27 ; Suet. Aug. 98, Tib. 14, 62,
sailing to Notium where he buried his dead, Cal. 19; Schol. ad Juv. vi. 576 ; Julian. Ep. ad
he steered his course for Lesbos. Here, while Themist. p. 265, Spanh. ) The son of this Thrasyllus
anchoring at Methymna, he observed the Syra- succeeded to his father's skill, and is said to have
cusan squadron sailing by, whereupon he attacked predicted the empire to Nero. (Tac. Ann. vi. 22,
it, captured four ships with their crews, and chased comp. xiv. 9 ; Dion Cass. Ixi. 2. )
the rest back to Ephesus. He then continued his THRASY'MACHUS (Opao vuaxos), a native
voyage to Sestus, where he joined the force under of Chalcedon, was a sophist, and one of the earliest
Alcibiades, and the whole fleet crossed over together cultivators of the art of rhetoric. He was a con-
to Lampsacus ; but the troops of Alcibiades, who temporary of Gorgias. (Cic.
