Baltic lands,
archbishop
Adalbert of Bremen
and, 22, 29; trade in, 400
Bamberg, 15, 28; diets at, 108, 163, 340 sq.
and, 22, 29; trade in, 400
Bamberg, 15, 28; diets at, 108, 163, 340 sq.
Cambridge Medieval History - v5 - Contest of Empire and the Papacy
1291 (18 May) Storm of Acre by the Mamlūks. End of the Kingdom of
Jerusalem.
1294 Death of Roger Bacon.
1298 Boniface VIII's Decretals (the Sext).
1308 Death of Duns Scotus.
1335 Pope Benedict XII issues new constitutions for White monks (Cister-
cians).
1336 New constitutions issued for Black monks (Benedictines and Cluniacs).
1339 New constitutions issued for the Austin canons.
1357 Death of Bartolus of Sassoferrato, the Commentator.
1395 The Congregation (reformed Canons) of Windesheim founded in
Germany.
1421 The reformed Benedictine congregation of Santa Giustina founded in
Italy.
1430 William of Lyndwood finishes his Commentary on the provincial con-
stitutions of the Archbishops of Canterbury.
1495 Erection of the Reichskammergericht and final Reception of Roman
Law in Germany.
## p. 947 (#993) ############################################
947
INDEX
Abbeville, commune of, 649, 651
Abbo, abbot of Fleury, 663
'Abdallāh ibn Hauqal, Muslim emir in
Sicily, 176
*Abdallāh ibn Maimūn, a leader of the
Ismā'ilians, 244; his propaganda, ib.
'Abd-ar-Raḥmān, Arab poet, at Sicilian
court, 207
Abelard, nephew of Robert Guiscard, 173;
revolts of, 176, 178 sq. ; flees to Greece,
180; fresh revolt of, 182
Abelard, Peter, his career and philosophy,
796 sqq. ; compared with Hugh of St Victor,
803; influence on Peter the Lombard, 804;
attacked by Walter of St Victor, 804;
and Arnold of Brescia, 372; 680
Abernethy, 517
Abingdon, abbot of, 577
Abingdon, History of, on the Justiciar, 577
Abruzzi, the, 169, 178 sq. , 187, 202
Abū ad-Dah, Arab poet, 207
Abu `Ali al-Mansăr al-Hakim, Fātimite
Caliph, see Hākim
Abu'l-fadā'il Sa'id-ad-Daulah, see Sa'id-ad-
Daulah
Abu'l-fidā, Arab historian, 257 note, 258
note
Abu'l-ḥasan ‘Ali az-Zāhir, see Zābir
Abu'l-jaish Khumārawaih, Tūlūnid, his
rule in Egypt, 244 sq.
Abu'l-Mahāsin, Arab historian, on treaty
between Greeks and Fātimites, 251 note
Abu'l-mish Kāfūr, see Kāfür
Abu'l-qāsim Aḥmad al-Musta‘li, see Mustaʻli
Abu manşür Nizār al-'Aziz, see 'Aziz
Abu Muhammad Lulū al-kabir, see Lūlū
Abu-qubais, castle, 252
Abu Tamim Ma'add al-Mu'izz, see Mu'izz
Abu tamim Ma'add al-Mustanşir, see Mus-
tansir
Abu Ya là, Arab historian, 263 note
Acca, schooling of, 771
Accursii, Franciscus, jurist, 757
Accursius, the glossator, 737 sq. , 748
Acquapendente, 102
Acre, 248 sq. , 262, 264; submits to Godfrey
of Bouillon, 300; captured by Baldwin I,
304, 329; siege of, in Third Crusade, 310
sq. ; factions among Christians in, 317;
refuge for Tripolitans, ib. ; fall of, 318 sq. ,
325, 330; 462 note
Adalbero, archbishop of Bremen, supports
Anacletus II, 342; imprisoned by Henry
the Lion, 356; the Wends and, 355
Adalbero, archbishop of Trèves, secures elec-
tion of Conrad III, 346; his gains after
the conference at Worms, 347; his defiance
of Innocent II, 350 sq.
Adalbero, bishop of Würzburg, expelled
from his city, 120; temporarily restored,
144; death of, 92
Adalbert, archbishop of Bremen, refuses the
Papacy, 22; enforces reform decrees, 27;
papal vicar for the Baltic lands, 29, 34;
his dominant position in North Germany,
114; associated in government with Anno,
44, 115; supersedes Anno, 115 sq. ; victory
in Hungary, 115 ; receives many grants
from Henry IV, 115 sq. ; his overthrow,
116; his influence over Henry IV's policy
in Saxony, 128 note, 130; death of, 49;
117, 398
Adalbert, archbishop of Mayence, a chief
enemy of Henry V, 156 sq. ; his character,
and aims, 158; breach with Henry V,
158 sq. , 104; reconciled with Henry V,
160; revolts against Henry, ib. ; the centre
of revolt, 161 sq. ; tries to provoke Calix-
tus II to act against Henry V, 108, 162 sq. ;
his influence at Lothar III's election, 166,
335
Adalbert, St, bishop of Prague, 4
Adalbert, St, the first bishop in Pomerania,
165; saves Stettin, 355
Adalbert, archbishop of Ravenna, deposed
by Henry II, 16
Adalbert, son of Vladislav of Bohemia,
archbishop of Salzburg, 389, 395
Adalbert, bishop of Worms, expelled by
citizens, 132
Adalferio, St, 668
Adalman, archbishop of Milan, supported
by citizens, 213
Adam, abbot of Ebrach, sent by Frederick I
on embassy to Rome, 382
Adam of Lucca, abbot of Farfa, 5
Adam du Petit Pont, his logic, 808
Adana, crusaders welcomed at, 288
Adelaide, Empress, wife of Otto the Great,
662
Adelaide (Praxedis), wife of Henry IV, see
Praxedis
Adelaide, sister-in-law of Henry IV, marries
Rudolf of Swabia, 113
Adelaide, mother of Roger II of Sicily, her
regency and death, 184
Adelaide, second wife of Henry I of England,
539
Adelaide of Maurienne, wife of Louis VI of
France, 621
Adelaide of Vohburg, first wife of Frederick I,
divorced, 390
Adelaide, countess of Turin and Savoy, 13
note
Adelard of Bath, bis philosophy, 810;
studies Arabic, 553
60-2
## p. 948 (#994) ############################################
948
Index
770 sq.
Ademar, bishop of Puy, made papal represen-
tative in First Crusade, 273
‘Adil (Saphadin), Sultan of Egypt, brother
of Saladin, 315, 479
Admont, monastery of, 395
Adolf of Altena, archbishop of Cologne,
opposes Henry VI's plans for making king-
ship hereditary, 474 sq.
Adolf, count of Dassel, and Henry the Lion,
460
Adolf II of Schauenburg, count of Holstein,
and German expansion eastwards, 354
sqq. ; his wars with the Wends, 398;
founds Lübeck, 400; his death, 398
Adolf III of Schauenberg, count of Holstein,
406; supports Philip of Cologne against
Frederick I, 408; goes on Third Crusade,
460 sq. ; returns to Germany and recovers
his lands, 465
Aelfric, abbot of Eynsham, 775
Aesgar the Staller, declares for Edgar the
Aetheling, 501
Aethelwold, bishop of Winchester, and Eng-
lish monasteries, 663
Afdal, vizier of Egypt, captures Jerusalem, 264
Africa, North (Barbary), 239; Idrisids and
Agblabids in, 242; Fātimite Caliphate in,
244; Zairids of, 177, 226; pirates of,
226, 266 sq. ; 225; first Norman attempts
to establish themselves in, 184; Roger II's
conquests in, 189 sq. ; loss of Norman
possessions in, 194 sq. ; Henry VI and,
472 sq.
account of arrival of Normans in S. Italy,
168; his description of Pandulf III, 169
Aimeri, bishop of Clermont, and Louis VI,
598
Aire, 599
Aistulf, King of the Lombards, 210, 730
Aitherius, bishop of Lisieux, and schools,
Aix-la-Chapelle, Henry IV enthroned at, 31;
Henry V crowned at, 148; Lothar III,
crowned at, 336; rising against Lothar
at, 338; Conrad III crowned at, 346, 368;
352; Conrad's son Henry crowned at, 353;
Frederick I crowned at, 382; Henry VI
crowned at, 407; 475; seat of count-
palatine, 118; council of (817), 13, 660;
659
Aix, province of, 90
Al-aftakin, governor of Damascus, captured
by Fātimites, 248
Al-'aini, Arab historian, on treaty between
Greeks and Fātimites, 251 note
Alais, sister of Philip Augustus, 572
Alais, heiress of Humbert III of Maurienne,
betrothed to John Lackland, 567
Alan of Lille (Alanus de Insulis), philosophy
of, 810
Alan, count of Rennes, made a guardian of
William of Normandy, 492
Alan of Richmond, count, supports William
II, 522
Alaric II, his Breviarium Alaricianum, 721
sq.
Al-Arish, southern limit of kingdom of
Jerusalem, 301
Albano, 96
Al-Bārah, crusaders' victory at, 290
Alberic, abbot of Citeaux, 672
Alberic of Rheims, and Abelard, 798
Alberic of Rome, drives Campo from Farfa,
5; Odo of Cluny and, 662
Alberic of Tusculum, father of Pope Bene
dict IX, 17
Albericus of Rosate, jurist, 740
Albert of Austria, and monastic reform, 693
Albert the Bear, of Ballenstädt, the Saxon
rival of the Welfs, 152 sq. ; appointed
margrave of the East Mark by Lothar
of Saxony, 164; deprived, 339 sq. ; aids
missionaries in Pomerania, 343; receives
duchy of Saxony from Conrad III, 346;
loses Saxony, 347 sq. ; the Wends and,
355, 398; obtains North Mark, 343, 350;
and Brandenburg, 344, 357; rivalry with
Henry the Lion, 384, 401; death of, 402;
405
Albert of Morra, see Gregory VIII, Pope
Albert of the Sabina, anti-Pope, 96
Albert of Wettin, margrave of Meissen,
465
Albert, uncle of Baldwin, count of Hainault,
candidate for bishopric of Liège, 466
Albert, brother of Henry duke of Brabant,
papal candidate for the bishopric of Liège,
466; driven out and murdered, 466 sq.
Afshin, Turkish leader, 261; ravages
Northern Syria, 263
Agapetus I, Pope, 766
Agde, council of (506), 11
Agnes, Empress, crowned, 22; regent for
Henry IV, 31, 33, 112 sqq. ; her disposal
of patronage, 113 sq. , 122; relations with
Italy, 35, 114; deprived of regency, 44,
114 sq. ; 21, 59 sq. , 64
Agnes, daughter of Henry IV, marries Duke
Frederick I of Swabia, 140; second mar-
riage, to Margrave Liutpold of Austria,
154; her children, 153, 154 note, 351
Agnes, daughter of Duke Rudolf of Swabia,
marries Berthold of Zäbringen, 140
Agnes of Saarbruck, second wife of Frede-
rick II of Swabia, defends Spires against
Lothar III, 339
Agnes, cousin of Henry VI, marries Henry,
son of Henry the Lion, 469
Ahmad ibn 'Abdallāh, head of Ismā'ilians,
244
Ahmad ibn Husain, al-Mutanabbi, see Muta-
nabbi
Ahmad ibn Tūlūn, first independentemir in
Egypt, 244
Ahmad Shāh, Turkish leader, 261
Aicard, archbishop of Arles, establishes
commune there, 635
Ailward, the chamberlain, and Henry II,
567
Aimé of Monte Cassino, chronicler, his
## p. 949 (#995) ############################################
Index
949
Albert of Aix, chronicler, on Peter the Her.
mit's crusade, 275; his estimates of num.
bers, 277 sq. , 298; on Alexius and Godfrey,
282 note; on First Crusade, 281
Alberti, counts of Prato, their wars with
Florence, 224
Albertus Magnus, and Roger Bacon, 814;
and Aristotle, 818 sq. , 821, 824
Albi, see of, 10; commune of, 650
Albini, Nigel de, endowed by Henry I, 536
Albini, William de, of Belvoir, 534; endowed
by Henry I, 536
Albini, William de, earl of Sussex (or Arun-
del), made earl, 548; supports Henry II,
568 sq. ; 582
Al-Buqai'ah, Nicephorus in, 247
Alcántara, Order of, 333, 683
Alciat, Andrew, the jurist, 741, 752
Alcobaça, abbey, 683
Alcuin, at the court of Charles the Great,
772 sqq. ; 659, 776, 784
Aldobrandeschi, feudal lords in Tuscany, 225
Alençon, 488, 517, 530, 541, 543
Aleppo, capital of Saif-ad-Daulah, 245 sqq. ;
position at, on death of Saif-ad-Daulah,
246, 250; under Sa'd-ad-Daulah, 250 sq. ;
captured by the Greeks, 246 sq. , 249; dis.
puted between Byzantines and Egypt, 251
sq. ; Lūlü emir of, 254; annexed by Egypt,
255; tributary to Byzantines, 256 sqq. ;
captured by Egyptians, 258; rule of
Thumālin, 258 sq. ; and Turkish invasion,
260 sqq. ; under Seljūqs, 263 sq. ; 290,
293, 295; captured by Zangi, 306
Aleramids, see montferrat, marquesses of
Alessandria, foundation of, 442; siege of by
Frederick I, 403, 445 sq. ; temporarily re-
named Cesarea, 452
Alexander II, Pope (Anselm of Baggio), and
the Patarines, 40 sqq. ; bishop of Lucca,
33, 40, 52; election as Pope, 43; contest
with Cadalus, 43 sq. , 115; his pontificate,
45 sqq. ; reforms under, 45 sq. , 678; and
England, 45 sq. , 497; and the Normans,
45, 76 sq. , 178; and reformers at Milan,
47 sqq. ; conflict with Henry IV, 49, 59,
130; death of, 49, 51; character of his
rule, 49 sq. ; power of Papacy under, 50;
4, 34, 37 sq. , 52 sq. , 60, 83
Alexander III, Pope (Roland Bandinelli,
cardinal of St Mark and papal chancellor),
viii, x sq. ; his summa, 742; papal legate
at Besançon, 390 sq. , 424 sq. ; his disputed
election to Papacy, 194, 430 sq. ; his letters to
Frederick I, 432; refuses to attend synod of
Pavia, 433; excommunicates Frederick I,
434 sq. ; in France, 435 sqq. , 617 sqq. ; forms
a league of Lombard cities, 437; returns to
Rome, 439; and the kings of Sicily, ib. , 196,
198 sq. ; attacked by Frederick, 440; flees
from Rome, 441; growing strength of,
443; recognised by Frederick I, 447; and
treaty of Anagni, 447 sq. ; and Peace of
Venice, 449 sq. , 454 sq. ; reconciled with
Frederick I, 450; summons Third Lateran
Council, 451; and Becket, 562 sqq. ; and
the fall of Henry the Lion, 407; and lay
patronage, 8; and Order of Calatrava,
682; last years of, 454 sq. ; death of, 451;
383, 388 sq. , 394 sqq. , 402, 407, 459
Alexander IV, Pope, and Aquinas, 819
Alexander VI, Pope, 695
Alexander of Aphrodisias, commentator on
Aristotle, 811
Alexander, bishop of Lincoln, arrested by
Stephen, 545
Alexandretta, see Iskanderūn
Alexandria, Byzantine fleet at, 257
Alexius I Comnenus, Eastern Emperor, his
war with the Normans, 77 sq. , 181 sq. ; his
wars with Turks, 270; appeals to Urban II,
94, 270; his part in the inception of First
Crusade, 271 sq. ; his policy during First
Crusade, 279 sq. ; success of his negotia-
tions with Latins, 283 sq. ; his claim to
Antioch, 294
Alexius II Comnenus, Eastern Emperor, his
dethronement, 199
Alexius III Angelus, Eastern Emperor,
473, 479
Alexius, Greek general, 194
Alexius, pretender to Eastern Empire, 199
Alfonso VI, King of Castile, 191
Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, and the nun.
nery of Las Huelgas, 681
Alfonso X, King of Castile, and Castilian
law, 774
Algazel, Arab philosopher, 817
‘Ali ibn 'Ammār, of Tripolis, 264
Alice, daughter of Baldwin II, King of Jeru-
salem, marries Bohemond II, 301, 305
Alice, Queen of Cyprus, 315
Alice (Petronilla), second wife of Ralph of
Vermandois, 606
Aljubarrota, victory of, 683
Allier, river, 598
Almira (Halmyrus), pillaged by William I
of Sicily, 193
Almohades, the, Normans and, 190, 194,
200; Henry VI and, 472
Alne, river, 571
Alnwick, 524, 571
Alnwick, bishop of Lincoln, 690
Alofoēs, Cistercian abbey, 677
Alost, 601
Alp Arslān, Seljūq Sultan, receives allegiance
of Aleppo, 261; invades Syria, ib.
Alphege (Aelfheah), St, and Becket, 564
Alphonse-Jourdain, count of Toulouse, and
Louis VII, 605
Alsace, 24, 27; cours colongères in, 652 sqq.
Altdorf, original home of Welfs, 119 note
Altenburg, 405
Altmann, bishop of Passau, papal legate in
Germany, 68; hostile to Henry IV, 139;
death of, 92
Alton, 529
Altopascio, Order of, 683
Alured of Marlborough, 508
Alvastra, Cistercian abbey, 677
## p. 950 (#996) ############################################
950
Index
Amalarius, dean of Metz, his code for clergy,
661
Amalfi, republic of, 167, 216; subdued by
Guiscard, 179; 180, 183, 193; decline of,
226 sq. ; commerce of, 328 sq. ; 367
Amalric of Bene, and John the Scot, 787
Amatus, bishop of Oloron, papal legate in
France, 82 sq. ; archbishop of Bordeaux,
88
Amaury I, King of Jerusalem, extends power
of the High Court in Jerusalem, 304; his
rule, 308; relations with Egypt, ib. ; and
with Nur-ad-Din, ib. ; death of, 309; 317
Amaury II of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, 314;
marries Isabella, sister of Baldwin IV, ib. ;
succeeds to kingdom of Jerusalem, ib. ; and
Henry VI, 473; 317
Amaury III, King of Jerusalem and Cyprus,
314
Amaury de Montfort, and Henry I, 536;
and Louis VI, 596
Ambierle, near Lyons, 664
Ambrières, William I builds castle at, 495
Ambrogio of Camaldoli, 695
Ambrose, St, bishop of Milan, 28, 53
Amesbury, nunnery, 671
Amiens, commune at, 627, 637, 642, 645,
649, 651
'Ammān, captured by Turks, 262
Amyas of Giovenazzo, revolts against Robert
Guiscard, 176, 178
Anacletus II, anti-Pope, see Peter Pierleoni
Anagni, formation of league against Emperor
at (1159), 194; death of Hadrian IV at,
430; treaty of (1176), 403, 447 sq. , 455; 395
Anastasius II, Pope, 709
Anastasius IV, Pope, accepts Wichmann as
archbishop of Magdeburg, 392 ; relations
with Frederick I, 414 sq. ; his death, 415
Ancona, and Manuel I, 191, 194; and Frede-
rick I, 422, 426, 440 sq. ; 472
Ancyra, council of (314), and celibacy, 11
Andernach, Henry V defeated at, 159
Andorra, commune of, 655
Andreae, Joannes, the canonist, 742
Andrew, King of Hungary, makes peace
with the Empire, 113; death of, ib.
Andrew, count of Rupis Canina, rebels
against William I of Sicily, 194
Andronicus I Comnenus, Eastern Emperor,
relations with William II of Sicily, 199;
deposed, 473
Angers, First Crusade preached at, 95; 670
Angilbert, at the court of Charles the Great,
772
Anglesey, 525
Aniane, monastery of, 659 sq. ; see also
Benedict, St, of Aniane
Aniene, river, 421
Anizi-le-Château, 630
Anjou, county of, 491, 494, 498, 518, 551,
554 sq. , 567, 592, 602, 604, 609, 613;
monasticism in, 671; counts of, 598,
601 sq. ; see Fulk, Geoffrey, Henry II of
England
Anna Comnena, historian, on the First
Crusade, 281, 282 note
Anno, archbishop of Cologne, letter of Peter
Damian to, 44; intriguing for power, 114;
his coup d'état at Kaiserswerth, 44, 115,
129; his period of power, 115; superseded
by Adalbert, 45, 115; new bid for power
fails, 116; Gregory VII and, 52 note, 60,
62; revolt of Cologne against, 120, 132;
death of, 133 note; his canonisation, 116;
117
Anselm of Baggio, bishop of Lucca, se
Alexander II, Pope
Anselm, St, archbishop of Canterbury,
made archbishop, 526; his quarrel with
William II, ib. , 666; at papal court, 89,
95; and Council of Bari, 95; Paschal II
and, 96; recalled by Henry I, 528; his
quarrel with Henry I, 99 sq. , 531 sq. ;
his death, 532; his theological works,
792 sqq. ; 90, 97, 109
Anselm Pusterla, archbishop of Milan,
crowns Conrad of Hohenstaufen, 363;
abandoned by Milanese, 366
Anselm, archbishop of Ravenna, 419
Anselm, abbot of Bury St Edmunds, 553
Anselm, bishop of Lucca, rising against,
220; 57 note
Ansfred, a tenant of Richard II of Normandy,
487
Anthony, St, Life of, 1
Antioch, 245; annexed by Byzantines, 247;
249 sqq. ; 255, 257, 260; besieged by
Afshin, 261; captured by Sulaiman, 263 ;
capture of, by Turks, Christian feeling
stirred by, 269; objective of the crusaders,
286; siege of, by crusaders, 289 sqq. ; cap.
ture of, 292 sq. ; plague in, 295; extent
of principality of, 301; its rulers, 301 sq. ;
Assises of, 304; captured by Paibars,
317; 412; princes of, see Bohemond,
Raymond, Roger, Tancred
Antiquiores Consuetudines, of Ulrich, 664
Anūshtakin ad-dizbiri, Fátimite general,
255; governor of Damascus, ib. , 257; de-
feats Nasr ibn Şaliḥ, 258; disgrace and
death of, ib.
Appleby, 570
Apulia, proto-communes in, 216; Byzan.
tine province, 167; revolt of Melo, 168 sq. ;
renewed revolt, 171 ; Norman conquest of,
171 sqq. ; Robert Guiscard becomes duke
of, 175; Norman revolts in, 176, 178,
180, 182; weakness of dukes, 183, 185;
accession of Roger II, 185; 192 sq. , 196,
362, 366 sq. , 458, 461 sqq. , 471, 493 sq. ,
498; dukes of, see Robert, Roger, William
Aqabah, gulf of, 301
Āq-sonqor, Qasim-ad-Daulah, of Aleppo,
264
Aquileia, patriarch of, and Grado, 18
Aquinas, St Thomas, his Summa Theologiae,
331 sq. , 812, 819 sqq. ; and Aristotle, 819
sqq. ; and Averroism, ib. ; opposition to
him, 822 sqq. ; 810
## p. 951 (#997) ############################################
Index
951
Aquino, counts of, defeated by Richard of
Aversa, 173; 416
Aquitaine, 82; Louis VII and, 604 sq. , 609
sq. ; Henry II, duke of, 554, 556, 567, 572,
575, 609 sqq. , 613; monasteries of, 659;
dukes of, see Eleanor, Henry II, Louis VII,
Richard, William
Arab philosophy, 811 sq. , 814 sqq.
Aragon, placed under papal protection, xi,
90; Henry VI and, 472; law in, 745 sq. ;
Cistercians in, 677; King of, 628, 638;
see also Peter
Arbois, charter of, 643, 650
Arbroath, monastery, 678
Arce, 464
Archambaud, and the lordship of Bourbon,
598
Ardoin, leader of Normans, revolts against
Byzantines, 170 sqq.
Arduin, King of Italy, 15
Arelate, see Arles, Burgundy
Arezzo, Victor II dies at, 32 ; dispute over
diocesan boundaries with Siena, 212;
consuls at, 220; hostility of Florence to,
228; bishop and government of, 232; 102,
667
Arnold, archbishop of Mayence, his election,
394; his quarrels with the nobles, 387;
and with the people of Mayence, 388;
murdered, ib.
Arnold, archbishop of Ravenna, 16
Arnold, archbishop of Trèves, 393
Arnold of Brescia, his career and character,
371 sq. ; his defence of Abelard, 372; sent
by Eugenius III to Rome, ib. ; his influence
in Rome, ib. , 377; his relations with
Hadrian IV, 414 sqq. ; his execution, 418;
463
Arnold of Denmark, claimant to Flanders,
599 sq.
Argentan, 486, 490, 526, 543, 550, 564;
vicomte of, see Robert of Bellême
Argyrus, son of Melo, catapan, revolts
against Byzantines, 171; deserts Nor-
mans, ib. ; defeated by Normans, 29;
relations with Leo IX, 173
Ariald, deacon, reforms of, at Milan, 40 sqq. ;
excommunicated by the archbishop, 41;
goes to Rome, 41; attacks local usages at
Milan, 47; leaves Milan, 48; murdered, ib.
Ariano, counts of, take Normans into their
pay, 169; assises of, 204
Aribert, archbishop of Milan, leads capitanei
in war against vavassors, 17, 217 sq. ; in-
vents the carroccio, 218; driven out, 18,
219; reinstated, 20; 39
Aribo, archbishop of Mayence, 16, 18, 45
Arimanni, 217; their management of com-
mon lands, 211 note
Aristotle, Chap. XXIII passim ; early medieval
knowledge of, 331, 789 sq. ; the “new”
Aristotle of the thirteenth century, 811
sqq. ; medieval translations of, 331 sq. ,
Arles, Hadrian IV at, 415; commune of,
629, 635, 616, 650; kingdom of, 626; see
also Burgundy
Arlette, mother of William I, the Conqueror,
492; married to Herluin of Conteville, 496
Armenia, bishopric founded in, 326 ; 252,
260
Armenia Minor (Little), 287, 313, 473
Armenians, 252, 260, 412; alliance of cru-
saders with, 286 sq.
Arno of Salzburg, at the court of Charles the
Great, 772, 774
Arnold, archbishop of Cologne, his embassy
to Italy, 379 sq. ; crowns Frederick I, 382;
Arnold of Lübeck, chronicler, on the fall of
Henry the Lion, 407; on Celestine III,
463 note
Arnulf, bishop of Lisieux, and Henry II,
557 sq. ; sent as envoy to France, 614
Arnulf, son of Roger of Montgomery, 525;
banished by Henry I, 530
Arnulf, Milanese chronicler, 42, 64
Arpajon, castle, 596
'Arqah (Arca), castle of, 252; besieged by
crusaders, 295
Arques, town, 486, 490, 550, 609; vicomté,
485, 491; count of, 485, 493 sq.
Arras, Louis VII and, 599 sqq. ; gild at,
637
Arrouaise, monastery, 679, 681, 683
Arslān al-Basāsiri, Turkish emir, 259
Arslān, Qilij, see Qilij-Arslān
Arsūſ, captured by Baldwin I, 304, 329;
Saladin defeated at, 311; captured by
Baibars, 317
Artāh, 259, 261
Arthur of Brittany, nephew of Richard I,
201
Artois, 498
Arundel, castle, 530, 545; honour of, 548;
earl of, 314, and see Albini
Asad-ad-Daulah “Atiyah, see Atiyah ibn
Salih
Ascalon, victory of crusaders at, 296 sq. ;
county of, 302; captured by Baldwin III,
308; 311
Asclettin, Norman adventurer, 169, 173
Asclettin, chancellor of William I of Sicily,
192
Ash'arī, Arab philosopher, 817
Ashridge, canons of, 683
Asseburg, count oi, Henry the Lion and,
101
Assises, of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 303
sq. ; of Ariano, 204
Assize of Arms, 572
Assize of Clarendon, 584 sqq.
Assize of Northampton, 584 sqq.
Assize of Windsor (Grand Assize), 587
Asti, rising against bishop, 40; consuls at,
220; geographical position of, 229; her
chief foes, ib. ; destroyed by Frederick I,
417
Atenolf II, duke of Gaeta, grants privileges
812 sqq.
419
to city, 216
## p. 952 (#998) ############################################
952
Index
250 sq. ; first treaty with Greeks, 251;
renewed war with Greeks, 251 sq. ; his
death, 252
Azo, the glossator, 737; his influence on
Bracton, 758 sq.
Azo, an Italian marquess, lays claim to the
county of Maine, 517
Azzo, grandfather of Boniface of Tuscany,
23
Azzo, bishop of Acqui, envoy of Calixtus II
to Henry V, 107
Azzo, marquess of Este, marries the Welf
heiress Cunegunda, 129 note, 337 note,
386
Azzo, dean of Magdeburg, 392
Atenolf, abbot of Monte Cassino, takes Nor-
mans into his pay, 169
Atenolf, brother of the Prince of Benevento,
leader against Byzantines, 171
Athalaric, king of the Ostrogoths, and
schools of rhetoric, 766
Athārib, boundary between Greeks and
Muslims, 247
Ather, Guiscard dies at promontory of, 182
‘Atiyah ibn $āliḥ, Asad-ad-Daulah, emir of
Aleppo, 259 sq.
At-siz ibn Abaq, emir of Damascus, 262 sq.
Atto, elected archbishop of Milan by Patar-
ines, 48; confirmed by Pope, 49; opposed
by imperial nominees, 49, 65
Auberea, repudiated wife of Robert Guiscard,
174
Augsburg, council of (952), 9, 14; 28, 35;
diet of (1062), declares for Alexander II,
44, 115; proposed council at, to judge
Henry IV, 68 sq. , 136; sack of, by
Lothar III, 340; 337, 346, 400, 456 sq. ,
462 note
Augustine, St, 1, 12, 53, 57; Rule of, 661,
678 sqq. ; see also Austin canons
Aumâle, 495, 569
Ausonius, the rhetor, 766
Austin canons, 678 sqq. , 683; supported by
Urban II, 89; new constitutions of (1339),
689
Austrasia, 12
Austria, creation of duchy of, 385; 475;
margraves and dukes of, see Henry Jaso-
mirgott, Leopold, Liutpold
Autun, 94
Auvergne, 598, 614; count of, 598, 615
Auvrai, son of Tancred de Hauteville, 170
Avellino, Roger II meets Anacletus at,
364
Avencebrol, philosophy of, 817
Averroes (Ibn Rushd), Arabian philosopher,
331, 811 sq. , 817, 821 sq.
Aversa, establishment of Normans under
Rainulf at, 169 sq. , 491; 462; captured
by Henry VI, 464
Avicenna (Ibn Sinā), Arabian philosopher,
331, 816 sq.
Avignon, reforming synod at, 39; commune
of, 644 sq. , 650; 679
Avon, river, 500
Avranches, cathedral of, 491; Henry II
absolved at, 566 sq. ; viscounts of, see
Chester, earls of
Avranchin, the, 483, 491, 523, 550
Axholme, Isle of, 570
Axuch, Byzantine Grand Domestic, 194
Aymard, abbot of Cluny, 663
Aymon Vaire-Vache, and Louis VI, 598
Ayyüb, Sultan of Egypt, allies with Khwā.
razmians, 315
Ayyūb, son of Tamim, Zairid, defeated by
Normans, 177
'Azāz, Greek army forced to retreat at, 256
‘Aziz, Fátimite Caliph, secures control of
Damascus, 249; dealings with Aleppo,
Baalbek, 252, 255
Babenbergs, Agnes, daughter of Henry IV,
ancestress of, 154; see Austria, Bavaria,
Henry Jasomirgott, Leopold, Liutpold
Bacon, Roger, and the translation of Aris-
totle, 813 sq. ; his downfall, 824 sq. ; his
philosophy, 825 sq.
Badr-al-jamāli, governor of Acre and Sidon,
262; occupies Cairo and rules Egypt, ib. ;
defeats Turks, 262; receives allegiance of
Acre, Tyre, Sidon, and Jubail, 264
Bâgé, 616
Baghi Siyān, see Yaghi Bassān
Baghrās, Greek garrison at, 247
Bagnara, occupied by Richard I, 201
Bahrain, power of Qarmatians in, 244
Baibars Bunduqdāri, Mamluk Sultan, defeats
Franks at Gaza, 315; becomes Sultan,
317; captures Antioch and Jaffa, ib. ; makes
a truce with Edward I, 317
Baisān, Greek army at, 249
Bakjūr, emir of Aleppo, attacks Aleppo,
250; his career, 250 sq.
Balātunus, castle, 257
Baldric of Dol, his report of Urban II's
speech at Clermont, 265
Baldus of the Ubaldi, the jurist, 740
Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem, brother of
Godfrey of Bouillon, and First Crusade,
274; resigns claim to Cilicia, 287; estab-
lishes county of Edessa, 287, 301; his
rivalry with Tancred, 288; extends his
conquests, 295; gives Edessa to Baldwin
du Bourg, 301; his rule in Jerusalem,
304; 184
Baldwin II du Bourg, King of Jerusalem,
made count of Edessa, 301; gives Edessa
to Joscelin of Courtenay, 301; assumes
government of Antioch, 301; his rule over
Jerusalem, 304 sq.
Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem, 308
Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem, 309
Baldwin V, King of Jerusalem, 309
Baldwin V, count of Flanders, 599
Baldwin VI, count of Flanders, 599
Baldwin IV, count of Hainault, claims
Flanders, 599
Baldwin V, count of Hainault, bis relations
with Frederick I, 409 sqq.
## p. 953 (#999) ############################################
Index
953
Baldwin, a general of William II of Sicily,
199
Balearic Isles, conquered by Pisans, 226
Balian of Ibelin, 310
Balian of Sidon, on laws of the kingdom
of Jerusalem, 303
Balliol, Gilbert de, 577
Balliol, Joscelin de, 563
Balsamon, Theodore, commentator on Greek
canon law, 708, 719 sq.
Baltic lands, archbishop Adalbert of Bremen
and, 22, 29; trade in, 400
Bamberg, 15, 28; diets at, 108, 163, 340 sq. ,
345; 141; death of Conrad III at, 358;
165, 338, 346
Bamburgh, 544, 556, 570
Bandinelli, Roland, see Alexander III,
Pope
Bani Kalb, Arab tribe, 255
Bani Kilāb, Arab tribe, 255, 259, 261 sq.
Banias, district of kingdom of Jerusalem,
301
Banjūtakin, see Manjūtakin
Barbo, Lodovico, abbot of Santa Giustina,
693
Bardas Phocas, Byzantine general, 250
Bardney, abbey, 686, 690
Bardo, archbishop of Mayence, papal legate
under Leo IX, 27
Bardowiek, occupied by Albert the Bear, 347;
lations with Lübeck, 400; destroyed by
Henry the Lion, 460
Barétous, 655
Barfleur, 530
Barhebraeus, historian, 257 note
Bari, siege and capture of, by Normans, 177;
destroyed by William I, 192 ; council of
(1098), St Anselm at, 95; early commune
at, 216; submits to Lothar III, 187, 367;
diet at (1195), 471, 473; 173, 180, 191,
274, 280, 668
Barjuwān, and Basil II, 252 note
Barking, William I holds a court at, 502
Barnstaple, 504
Barre, Richard, 567
Bartholomeus Brixiensis, the canonist, 742
Bartholomew, bishop of Laon, and Norbert,
680
Bartholomew Salicetus, the jurist, 740
Bartolus of Sassoferrato, the commentator,
740
Barzūyah, 249
Basil I, Eastern Emperor, his codification of
law, 718
Basil II, Eastern Emperor, his reconquest of
Italy, 167; invasion of Syria, 251 sq. ;
second campaign in Syria, 252
Basilicata, the, 688
Basilics, the, 718 sq.
Basle, Henry IV invests Cadalus at, 42;
council of, 690, 695
Basset, Ralph, justiciar, 534, 575
Basset, Richard, capitalis justiciarius, 534,
575
Bassetlaw, wapentake, 570
Bath, 553, 565
Battle, Chronicle of, on the Justiciar, 577
Battle, abbot of, 578
Bauco, 416
Baudouin, the jurist, 752
Baume, monastery of, and Cluny, 661 sq.
Bautzen, ceded to Vladislav II of Bohemia,
389
Bavaria, duchy of, rights of nobles in, 118 sq. ;
given to Otto of Nordheim, 114; given to
Welf IV, 129; independence of Welfs in,
163; given to Babenbergs, 346, 349 sq. ;
given to Henry the Lion, 383 sqq. ; Austria
detached from, 385; given to Otto of
Wittelsbach, 405; Styria detached from,
ib. ; trade in, 400 sq. ; 112 sq. , 140 sq. ,
145 sqq. , 149 sq. , 157, 162, 335 sqq. , 339,
347 sq. , 357; dukes of, see Henry, Leopold,
Otto, Welf; count-palatine of, see Otto
Bayeux, 491, 498, 516; burnt by Henry I,
530; 545, 569
Bayonne, commune of, 629, 631; local
customs of, 643; charter of, 646
Bazas, local customs of, 643
Béarn, viscount of, 655
Beatrice, marries Boniface of Tuscany, 23;
marries Godfrey the Bearded, 31; saves
life of Alexander II at Mantua, 45; asked
by Gregory VII for aid, 59; 64, 112, 146
Beatrice, third wife of Roger II of Sicily,
191 note
Beatrix, daughter of Rainald of Burgundy,
389; marries Frederick I, 390; 422
Beauce, 594
Beauchamp, Miles de, and Stephen, 544
Beaugency, 597; council at, 609
Beaumanoir, Philip de Rémy, lord of, and
Roman Law, 751
Beaumont, 491, 517; influence of the charter
of, 649, 651
Beaumont, family, fiefs of, 511, 537 sq. ,
544 sq.
66
Beaumont, Henry of, earl of Warwick, 528
Beaumont, Robert of, Bossu," earl of
Leicester, and Henry II, 555; and Becket,
559, 562; 575 sqq. ; his death, 573
Beaumont, Robert of, “Blanchesmaines,"
earl of Leicester, rebels against Henry II,
567, 569; captured, 570
Beaumont, Robert of, count of Meulan, 528
Beaumont, Roger of, supports William II,
522
Beaumont, Waleran of, count of Meulan,
and Henry I, 536, 519 sq.
Beauvais, 519; commune of, 629, 634, 646,
649 sq. ; council of (1114), 595; see of,
621
Beauvaisis, the, 612
Bec, monastery of, foundation of, 491, 516,
526, 532; see also Lanfranc
Becket, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury,
made Chancellor, 555; his position, 557;
made archbishop, ib. ; his claims as arch-
bishop, 558 sq. ; and the Constitutions of
Clarendon, 559 sqq. ; renewed quarrel with
## p. 954 (#1000) ###########################################
954
Index
Henry II, 561; defies Henry and flees,
562; excommunicates his enemies, 562 sq. ;
reconciled with Henry, 563 sq. ; murdered,
564; his miracles, ib.
Becquet, 653
Bede, his collection of penitentials, 710
Bedford, castle of, 544
Bedfordshire, 544
Béla I, King of Hungary, 113
Béla II, King of Hungary, 345
Bellême, lords of, 488, 603; see Robert of
Bellême, William Talvas
Bellevaux, Cistercian abbey, 676
Belvoir, 534
Benedict VIII, Pope (Theophylact), election
of, 15; crowns Henry II and Cunegunda,
15; policy of, 15 sqq. ; and war against
Muslims, 268
Benedict IX, Pope (Theophylact), character
of, 17; pa pacy of, 17 sqq. ; deposition
of, 22; returns to Rome on death of
Clement II, 23; expelled, 23; 29, 35,
50
Benedict X, anti-Pope, see John Mincius
Benedict XII, Pope, his attempt at monastic
reform, 688 sq. , 695
Benedict, St, Leo IX's regard for, 24; the
Rule of, 658; reforms based on, 659 sq. ;
see also Benedictine Order
Benedict, St, abbot of Aniane, and the reform
of monastic life, 659 sq. ; his death, 659;
775
“Benedict of Peterborough," on Ranulf de
Glanville, 578
Benedict the Christian, founder of the Pier-
leoni, 19, 363 note
Benedictine Order, in England in the thir-
teenth century, 685; reform of, 686; Con-
stitutions of (1336), 689; congregation in
Spain, 695; see also Benedict, St
Benedictus Levita, 710
Benevento, embassy from, to Leo IX, 27;
given to Papacy, 28, 172; early communeat,
216; synod at (1108), decrees against lay
investiture, 101; treaty of (1156), between
Papacy and Normans, 193; rebels against
Anacletus II, 365; besieged by William I of
Sicily, 416 ; 23, 29, 34, 167, 179 sq. , 186, 198
Benzo, bishop of Alba, on “Roman Senate,"
35; on Leo de Benedicto Christiano, 43;
sent as ambassador to Rome, 43; attacks
Rome again, but fails, 44; escapes to
Parma, 44; fails at Mantua, 45
Berengar II, King of Italy, 2
Berengar of Tours, heresy of, 3, 28, 52;
at Rome, 37; compelled to recant, 73;
leniently treated, ib. ; his De Caena
Domini, 791 sq.
Bergamo, ally of Pavia, 230
Berkhampstead, William I at, 501; honour
and castle of, 558, 561
Berkshire, 501, 577, 580
Bermondsey, 555
Bernai, monastery of, 484 sqq.
Bernard, St, abbot of Clairvaux, his position
in Christendom, xx sq. ; his teaching on
the Papacy, xxi; 110 sq. ; declares for
Innocent II, 363; opposes Lothar III's
attempt to re-open investiture question,
364; obtains his support for Innocent,
342; visits Milan in support of Innocent,
366; his comment on the new kingdom of
Sicily, 186; visits Roger II, 368; recon-
ciles Conrad III and monks of St Maximin
at diet of Spires, 351; urges Conrad to
aid Eugenius III, 371; Louis VII and,
606 sq. ; preaches Second Crusade, 307,
353, 373 sq. , 608; his guardianship of
church interests, 392; and the Cistercian
Order, 672, 674, 676 sq. ; first abbot of
Clairvaux, 672; Cluny and, 666; and
Norbert, 680; and Abelard, 680, 798;
death of, 392, 677; 189, 463
Bernard, cardinal, legate to Milan, 48; ex-
communicates Henry IV, 140
Bernard, bishop of Hildesheim, removed by
Frederick I, 394
Bernard of Pisa, see Eugenius III, Pope
Bernard of Anhalt, duke of Saxony, younger
son of Albert the Bear, 153; defeats
Henry the Lion, 403; defeated by Henry,
406; made duke of Saxony, 405; his
weakness, 407; 460, 465
Bernard Billung, duke of Saxony, death of,
114
Bernard of Abbeville, founds the congrega-
tion of Thiron, 670, 675
Bernard of Botone, the canonist, 742
Bernard of Neufmarché, in Wales, 525
Bernard of Pavia, the canonist, 742
Bernard of Plötzke, a supporter of Albert
the Bear, 347
Bernard of Ratzeburg, 460
Bernard of Wölpe, 460
Bernard, author of Ordo Cluniacensis, 664
Bernicia, 503; earls of, see Gospatric, Robert
of Commines
Berno, first abbot of Cluny, 661 sq.
Bernold of Constance, Abelard and, 800
Bernold of St Blaise, chronicler, on incep-
tion of the First Crusade, 272
Bernward, bishop of Hildesheim, 3
Berry, 598
Bertha of Turin, marries Henry IV, 116 sq. ;
crowned Empress, 79; 34, 69, 127; dies,
145
Bertha of Sulzbach, sister-in-law of Con.
rad III, marries the Emperor Manuel,
356
Berthold I of Zähringen, duke of Carinthia,
joins enry IV against the Saxons, 133 sq. ;
revolts, 135; death of, 140; 113, 122,
139 sq.
Berthold II of Zähringen, marries Agnes,
daughter of anti-king Rudolf, 140; defeats
Henry's forces on the Neckar, 140; succeeds
Berthold, son of Rudolf, 147; proclaimed
temporal head of Swabia, 92, 147; does
homage to Pope, ib. ; given title of duke,
148; 149
## p. 955 (#1001) ###########################################
Index
955
Berthold IV of Zähringen, and Conrad III,
357; and Burgundy, 389 sq. ; receives
privilege of investiture to three bishoprics,
390, 399 note
Berthold of Künsberg, German general,
470
Berthold of Rheinfelden, son of anti-king
Rudolf, 140; death of, 146
Bertrada of Montfort, 596
Bertram, son of Raymond of St Gilles,
becomes count of Tripolis, 302
Berwick, 570 sq.
Besançon, city, diet of, 390 sq. , 423 sqq. ;
618
Bessin, the, 491, 493, 497, 544
Bethar, the scholasticus, 766
Beverley, charter to, 539; church of St John
at, 544; canons of, 678
Beyrout, 248 sq. , 255, 301 ; captured by
Baldwin I, 304; 313; final loss of, 319
Béziers, 639; serfdom at, 642
Biandrate, commune at, 225; counts of, 225,
429, 442
Biddlesden, monks of, 576
Bigod, Hugh, rebels against Stephen, 543;
made earl of Norfolk, 546; rebels against
Henry II, 568
Bigod, Roger, his revolt against William II,
521
Bikisrāyil, castle, 257
Billungs, family of, ducal office in Saxony
hereditary in, 114, 127; hostility to Adal.
bert of Bremen, 114, 116; their position
in Saxony, 118, 164; coalition against,
129 sq. ; in Saxon revolt, 131 ; reconciled
with Henry IV, 141; extinction of male
line in, 152, 334; 401; see Bernard,
Herman, Magnus, Ordulf
Bingen, 150
Biota, wife of Walter, count of Mantes, 495
Biset, Manasser, 580
Blanche of Castile, Queen of France, 112
Blanchelande, peace of, 518
Blois, commune of, 628 sq. ; serfdom at,
642
Blois, county of, 604
Blois, house of, 540; see Eustace, Henry,
Stephen, Theobald, William
Blund, William, the usher, and Henry II,
567
Boccaccio, and the commentators, 739 sq.
“Boccaporco," nickname of Sergius IV, 15
Böckelheim, Henry IV imprisoned at, 150
Boethius, 766; John the Scot and, 788; his
translations of Aristotle, 789
Bogislavof Pomerania, defeated by Canute VI,
407
Bohemia, disorders in Church in, 3 sq. ,
60 sq. ; supports Emperor Henry IV, 113;
Henry V and, 155, 165; Lothar III in.
vades, 336 sq. ; Conrad III and, 352 sq. ;
Frederick I and, 388 sq. ; 150, 345; dukes
and kings of, see Bořivoi, Bratislav,
Frederick, Soběslav, Svatopluk, Vladislav,
Vratislav
Bohemond I, prince of Antioch, son of
Guiscard, 174; captures Avlona, 181;
conducts war against Byzantium, 182 ;
opposes Roger Borsa, 183; in First
Crusade, 274 ; his relations with Alexius,
279, 282, 285; chosen supreme leader of
the crusaders at Antioch, 292 sq. ; becomes
prince of Antioch, 294; his charter to
Genoese, 295 note; his rule in Antioch,
301; 86
Bohemond II, prince of Antioch, deprived
of Apulia by Roger II, 185; his rule in
Antioch, 301 ; marries daughter of
Baldwin II, ib. ; 302
Bohemond III, prince of Antioch, 313
Bohemond IV, prince of Antioch, 313
Bohun, Humphrey de, 536, 569
Boioannes, catapan, defeats Normans, 169;
founds city of Troia, ib. , 216
Boiscourt-sur-Mer, 652
Boizenburg, battle at, 465
Boleslav III, duke of Poland, responsible
for conversion of Pomerania, 165; sup-
ports Boris' claim to Hungary, 345; does
homage to Lothar III, 345; death of,
351
Boleslav IV, duke of Poland, drives out his
brother Vladislav II, 351, 388; relations
with Frederick I, 388 sq.
Bolingbroke, honour of, 544
Bologna, geographical position of, 208;
consuls at, 220; her greatness and ambi-
tion, 230; bishop and government of,
232; ministrales contratarum at, 233;
takes oath of fealty to Frederick I, 426;
law-school at, 734 sqq.
Bolsover, 568
Bonaventura, St, on Hugh of St Victor,
800; and Aquinas, 822
Boniface, St, and celibacy, 12
Boniface VIII, Pope, issues the Liber Sextus
Decretalium, 714; and the Celestines,
688
Boniface IX, Pope, approves Order of Corpus
Christi, 692
Boniface, marquess of Tuscany, marries
Beatrice of Lorraine, 23; murder of, 31
Bonifilius, a Pavese lawyer, 733
Bonizo, bishop of Sutri, on Benedict IX,
19; on Guido of Milan, 39; on inde-
pendence of Milan, 42; on Cadalus, ib.
Bonizo, father of Pope Gregory VII, 51
Bonshommes, the, Austin canons, 683
Bordeaux, commune of, 629, 631, 634, 636,
643, 647 sq. , 650; serfdom at, 642; local
customs of, 643
Boris, his claim to throne of Hungary, 345,
352
Bořivoi, duke of Bohemia, supports Henry
IV, 150; expelled, 165
Bosa, archbishop of York, 771
Bosham, 497
Botaniates, Nicephorus, see Nicephorus
Botaniates
Botfeld, Emperor Henry III dies at, 31
## p. 956 (#1002) ###########################################
956
Inder
Bouchard le Veautre, 622
Bouillon, counts of, effects of crusades on,
328; see Godfrey
Boulogne, commune of, 645
Boulogne, county of, 494, 537, 541 ; counts
of, see Eustac Matthew, Stephen,
King of England, William
Boulogne, honour of (in England), 537, 541
Bouras, monastery of, 673
Bourbon, Louis VI and the lordship of, 598;
lord of, see Archambaud
Bourdin, Maurice, archbishop of Braga
(anti-Pope Gregory VIII), 105; excom-
municated by Gelasius II, ib. ; captured
by Calixtus II, 107; 162
Bourges, synod of (1031), 9, 14; 598, 605,
607; commune of, 631; law-school at,
752
Boutillier, Jehan, his Somme Rural, 751
Boves, 595
Brabant, 410
Bracton, the jurist, influence of Azo on,
758 sq.
Braiose, William of, in Wales, 525
Brancaleone, podestà, 238
Brandenburg, missions in, 343; acquired by
Albert the Bear, 344, 357; margrave of.
see Otto
Bratislav, duke of Bohemia, founds see at
Olmütz, 4; ecclesiastical policy of, ib.
Bray-sur-Seine, 596 sq. , 614
Breakspear, Nicholas, see Hadrian IV, Pope
Brecknock, battle near, 525
Brede (Rameslie), 499
Bredingen, 133
Breitenwang, Lothar III dies at, 345
Bremen, archbishop Adalbert expelled from,
116; 401
Brémule, battle of, 539, 602 sq.
Brescia, joins league against Frederick I,
194, 427 sq. , 435; consuls at, 220; ally of
Milan, 230
Breteuil, 539, 554, 603
Bréthencourt, castle of, 596
Brethren of the Common Life, the, 694
Breviarium Alaricianum, the (Lex Romana
Visigothorum), 721 sq. , 744 sq.
Bridget, St, Swedish princess, and the
Order of the Saviour, 694
Bridgnorth, castle of, 530, 555
Bridlington, abbey, 684
Brindisi, 175 sq. , 192, 283, 464
Brionne, comté, 485; count of, 488, 493
Brioude, canons of, 615
Bristol, 208; 537, 545; castle, Stephen im-
prisoned in, 547; 549, 551
Brittany, 602, 611, 613; count of, 598
Brixen, Gregory VII deposed at council of
(1080), 75 sq. , 141
Brixworth, Peter of, 581
Brogne, Gerard of, see Gerard of Brogne
Brough-under-Stainmoor, castle, 570
Brucourt, pastures of, 652
Bruges, 208; échevins at, 632; 338, 598 sqq.
Brünn, Johannes von, German lawyer, 754
Bruno, St, and the Carthusian Order, 669
Bruno I, archbishop of Cologne, 2
Bruno III, archbishop of Cologne, 466
Bruno, archbishop of Trèves, heads embassy
to Paschal II, 101
Bruno, bishop of Toul, see Leo IX, Pope
Bruno, chronicler, 137 note
Brunswick, 145, 358, 402, 406 sq. , 410, 460
sq. , 469; county of, 129, 146; counts of,
see Ekbert
Buckingham, borough, 538; earl of, 528
Buckinghamshire, 580
Buildwas, abbey, 553
Builth, lordship of, 525
Bulgaria, crusaders in, 275, 411
Bulgarus, the glossator, 737
Bulle, 597
Bulunyās, castle of, 250, 301
Bundicia, Guiscard at, 182
Bungay, 568, 571
Buondelmonti, the, migrate to Florence,
224
Burchard, bishop of Eichstädt, removed by
Frederick I, 394
Burchard, bishop of Halberstadt, his dis-
loyalty to Henry IV, 61, 114; leads revolt
against Henry IV, 129 sqq. ; revolts again,
135; murder of, 144
Burchard, bishop of Lausanne, Italian
chancellor, 141 note
Burchard, bishop of Worms, 3, 16; his
collection of canons, 14, 712
Burchard of Loccum, murder of, 339
Burgundians, laws of the, 722, 725 sq.
Burgundio, the jurist, 737
Burgundy, kingdom of (Arelate, Arles),
church reform in, 2, 18; authority of
German Kings in, 10, 124, 389 sq. , 469;
Concordat of Worms and, 107 sq. , 163;
dukes of Zähringen rectors of, 337, 384,
389 sq. , 469; Richard I enfeoffed with,
469, 472; pro-French feeling in, 616; 28,
103, 105, 143; see also Burgundy, county
of
Burgundy, county of (Franche Comté), 337,
389; Frederick I marries the heiress, 390,
422; monasticism in, 676; counts of, see
Beatrix, Rainald, William
Burgundy (French duchy), duke of, 616,
619, 644; communities in, 630, 639, 641,
650; see also Eudes, Hugh
Bursfeld, monastery, 694 sq.
Bury St Edmunds, monastery of, 509; abbot
of, 502, 530; borough of, 538 sq. , 551,
553, 569 sq.
Busch, Johann, 694
Butera, 183, 192
Butrinto, Guiscard at, 182
Buzā'ah, 262
Byblus, see Jubail
Byzantine Empire, its relations with
Southern Italy, Chap. IV; and the Cru.
sades, xiii sq. , Chap. vir; wars in Syria,
Chap. VI
Byzantium, see Constantinople
## p. 957 (#1003) ###########################################
Index
957
Cabuabbas, Cistercian monastery, 677
Cadalus, bishop of Parma (anti-Pope
Honorius II), his election as Pope, 42;
conflict with Alexander II, 43 sqq. , 114 sq. ;
retires to Parma, 44 sq. ; death of, 49
Cadouin, reformed monastery, 673
Cadurc, candidate for the archbishopric of
Bruges, 605
Caen, 486, 490, 493, 516, 523, 525 sq. , 530,
533, 545; monasteries at, 496
Caerleon, 525
Caesarea, in Palestine, captured by Baldwin I,
304, 329; captured by Baibars, 317
Cahors, 612; commune at, 639
Calabria, Byzantine province, 1, 167; Guis.
card conquers, 172; famine in, and revolt,
173 sq. ; created duchy for Guiscard by the
Pope, 175; Roger I in, 173 sq. , 177, 183;
179 sqq. , 186, 193, 362, 471; monasteries
in, 688
Calais, commune of, 645
Calatrava, Order of, 333, 682 sq.
Calixtus II, Pope (Guy, archbishop of
Vienne), opposes Paschal II's surrender,
103; elected Pope, 105,666; his character,
105 sq. ; negotiations with Henry V, 106,
161; rupture with Henry V, 106; and
Concordat of Worms, 107 sqq. , 162 sq. ,
360; his relations with Kings of England
and France, 106, 603; 110, 341 note,
672
Calixtus III (anti-Pope), see John of Struma
Caltabellotta, castle of, 203, 471
Camaldoli, Order of, 667 sq. , 695
Cambrai, 2; communal movement in, 120
note, 148 sq. , 635, 643
Cambridge, castle of, 503; 583; monks at,
689 sq. ; county of, 567
Camerino, given to Pope Victor II by Henry
III, 31
Camp, Cistercian abbey, 676
Campo, and monastery of Farfa, 5
Campo Grasso, Frederick I at, 419
Cannae, Normans defeated at (1018), 169
Canon Law, see Law, Canon
Canons regular, 13, 89, 678 sqq.
Canossa, castle, owned by Azzo, 23; 55;
absolution of Henry IV at, 60, 69 sq. , 72,
98, 126, 137, 179, 454
Canterbury, 501, 538, 562 sqq. , 566, 568;
see of, 511, 522, 526, 531, 545, 558, 561;
claims of see to primacy over York, 83,
106, 516; abbeys at, 509; archdeacon of,
558, 577
Canute, son of Eric, King of Denmark, his
rule in Schleswig, 344; murder of, ib. ;
386
Canute V, King of Denmark, son of Magnus,
disputes the throne with Svein III, 386;
killed, 387
Canute VI, King of Denmark, marries Henry
the Lion's daughter, 387; his attacks on
northern Germany, 407; 465, 468
Canute, see Knut
Capella, Martianus, 765, 788
Capitanei, doble class in Italian cities, 217
899.
Capua, 87, 167 sqq. , 180; capture of, 90 ;
462, 479; princes of, see Jordan, Pandulf,
Richard, Robert
Caracalla, Edict of, 701
Carcassonne, commune of, 628, 648, 650
Cardigan, 525, 546, 556
Cardinals, college of, viii, 37
Carinthia, duchy of, given to Berthold of
Zähringen, 113; his weakness in, 113 sq. ;
given to Liutold of Eppenstein, 140; 139
Carlisle, William II builds castle at, 524;
Henry I creates diocese of, 535; 544, 549;
castle, 556; 567 sq. , 570 sq. ; Austin
canons of, 679
Carmarthen, 525, 556
Carolus of Tocco, the jurist, 737
Carroccio, invention of, by Aribert, 218; in
the battle of Legnano, 446
Carthage, councils of, 11
Carthusian Order, the, 669 sq.
Cashel, 566
Cassel, 403, 599
Cassinese congregation, the, 693
Cassiodorus, and schools of rhetoric, 766
Cassiope, Normans defeated by Venetians
near, 182
Casteggio, 445
Castel, reformed monastery, 693
Castile, laws of, 747 sq. ; monasticism in,
677; military orders in, 682 sq.
Castrogiovanni, 176 sq.
Catalonia, feudal code of, 729 note; monasti.
cism in, 677
Catania, 177, 471
Catmere, 580
Catton, manor of, 499
Cauterets, 655
Caux, 609
Cedrenus, historian, on restoration of church
of Holy Sepulchre, 256 note; chronology of,
257 note, 258 note
Cefalù, church of, 206
Celestine Order, the, 688
Celestine II, Pope, pontificate of, 370; rela-
tions with Roger II, 188; and Louis VII,
607
Celestine III, Pope (Hyacinth), pontificate
of, 463 sqq. ; crowns Henry VI, 202, 464;
negotiations with Henry VI, 474, 476 sqq. ;
and indulgences, 323; 467
Celestine V, Pope, see Peter Morrone
Cencius, Roman noble, and Cadalus, 44;
imprisons Gregory VII, 66 sq. ; offers to
make Guiscard emperor, 179
Cephalonia, attacked by Normans, 182
Ceprano, Gregory VII meets Robert Guiscard
at, 77, 86, 180 sq. ; 416, 464
Cerigo, island, seized by Roger II, 376
Cerisy, abbey of St Vigor at, 491
Cerularius, Michael, see Michael Cerularius
Cesarea, see Alessandria
Chablis, commune of, suppressed, 652
Chalcedon, council of, 26
## p. 958 (#1004) ###########################################
958
Index
Chalcidius, his commentary on the Timaeus,
789 sq.
Chalon, count of, 615
Châlons, 101
Champagne, 410, 498, 604, 606 sq. , 618;
communes in, 639, 649; serfdom in, 641;
counts of, see Henry, Theobald
Chancellor, office of, in Henry II's reign, 579
Channel, the English, 497 sq. , 505, 520 sq. ,
530, 533, 536, 539, 543, 545, 551, 561, 610
Charles the Bald, Western Emperor, King
of France, and private churches, 8; 784
Charles the Great (Charlemagne), Western
Emperor, and private ownership of
churches, 8; and clerical celibacy, 12;
Frederick I causes him to be canonised,
394; and the reform of monasteries, 659;
and schools, 772 sqq. ; and the Carolingian
renaissance, 784 ; 20, 101, 382, 384
Charles, bishop of Constance, deposed for
simony, 45, 125
Charles the Good, count of Flanders, invited
to stand for election on the death of
Henry V, 335; murder of, 338, 598
Charlieu, near Lyons, 664
Charter of Charity, the, 672
Chartres, town, 593 sq. , 603; schools at,
778, 805; county of, 604; bishop of, 594;
count of, see Theobald
Châteaufort, castle, 593, 596 sq.
Chaumont-sur-Loire, 612
Chelles, nunnery, 671
Cherbourg, 498 note, 524
Cheshire, 504, 507 sq.
Chester, 537 sq. , 556, 568; earldom of, 507,
524; see of, 509, 511; earls of, 314, and
see Hugh, Ranuli
Chevreuse, castle, 593, 596
Chézal-Benoît, reformed monastery, 696
Chiaravalle, Cistercian abbey, 677
Chiavenna, meeting of Frederick I and
Henry the Lion at, 402 sq. , 446
Chichester, 538; see of, 511
Chieri, castello, destroyed by Frederick I,
417
Chindaswinth, King, and Visigothic law,
726, 744 sq.
Chinon, 556, 567
Chioggia, 449 sq.
Chirmirus, a schoolmaster, 771
Chiusa, abbey, 668
Christian, archbishop of Mayence, 198, 388,
393, 395, 407, 441, 455
Christian, count of Oldenburg, and Henry
the Lion, 398, 401
Chrodegang, St, bishop of Metz, his reforms,
13, 660, 772
Chrysostom, St John, 53
Chur, 157 note
Cibotus, crusaders defeated at, 276
Cilicia, Emperor Basil in, 252; crusaders'
victories in, 286 sqq. ; see also Armenia
Minor
Cino of Pistoia, jurist and poet, 740
Cirencester, abbey, 684
Cistercian Order, the, 672 sqq. ; its expan-
sion, ib. ; the Charter of Charity, 673; its
constitution, 674; lay-brothers, 675; rapid
growth of, 676; in England, ib. ; its
position in 1151, 677; reforms in the
15th century, 695
Citeaux, abbey, foundation of, 672; 553
Cities, Italian, Chaps. V, XIII; effect of
Lombard conquest on, 209 sq. ; ecclesias-
tical institutions, 210 sq. ; development
under Carolingian empire, 212; fortifica-
tion of, 212 sq. ; episcopal government in,
213; under rule of the Ottos, 213 sq. ;
growth of collective action, 214; the
castelli, 215; the boni homines, ib. ; early
communes in the South, 215 sq. ; difference
between these and northern towns, 216;
classes in northern cities, 217 sq. ; rise of
popolani, 218 sq. ; class war a factor in
growth of communes, 220; establishment
of consuls in, 220; cultural and political
influences on, 222 sq. ; supersession of
feudal and state authorities, xix, 223;
valuable aid of bishops in growth of, ib. ;
exterior expansion of, 223 sqq. ; rural com-
munes, 224 sq. ; position towards close
of 12th century, 225 sq. ; inter-city wars,
226, 228; development of commerce, 226
sq. ; intricate rivalries among, 227 sqq. ;
usurpation of regalia, 231 sq. ; imperial
diplomas to, ib. ; relations with counts,
viscounts, and bishops, 232; the arengo,
215, 219 sqq. , 232 sq. ; consuls and other
officials, 220 sqq. , 233; the Council, 233
sq. ; law of, 234 sq. ; constitution of army
in, 235 sq. ; milites and pedites, 235 sq. ;
gilds, 236 sq. ; internal strife, 237; the
podestà, 237 sq. ; commerce and banking
in, 239 sqq. ; corporate life in, 240; blood
feuds among nobles of, 240; general
character of, xix sq. , 241; effects of
Crusades on, 328 sq. ; 361, 646; see also
Lombard League
Civita Castellana, Guibert dies at, 96;
Hadrian IV at, 419; Alexander III dies
at, 455
Civitate, battle of (1053), 28, 173, 494
Clairvaux, abbey of, 563, 666, 672 sqg.
Clare, family, head of, created earl of
Hertford, 548
Clare, Gilbert of, created earl of Pembroke
by Stephen, 546; nicknamed Strongbow,
565
Clare, Richard of, 511
Clare, Richard Fitz Gilbert de, see Strongbow
Clare, Roger de, earl of Hertford, and
Becket, 558
Clarebold of Vendeuil, a leader of Crusades,
277
Clarendon, 561, 577
Clarendon, Assize of, 584 sqq.
Clarendon, Constitutions of, 100, 559 sqq. ,
566
Clement II, Pope (Suidger, bishop of Bam-
berg), 22 sq. , 26
## p. 959 (#1005) ###########################################
Index
959
Clement III, anti-Pope, see Guibert, arch-
bishop of Ravenna
Clement III, Pope, and Frederick I, 409,
459; supports Tancred of Lecce, 461;
death of, 202, 463
Clement IV, Pope, and Roger Bacon, 826
Clement V, Pope, issues Clementine Decretals,
714
Clement the Scot, and Charles the Great,
772 sq.
649 sq. ;
XXI
Clementia, daughter of Conrad of Zähringen,
marries Henry the Lion, 357
Cleobury Mortimer, 555
Clermont, council of (1095), 88 sg. , 94 sq. ,
99, 265, 271 sqq. ; 598; canons of,
615
Clifford, Walter, 556
Clinton, Geoffrey de, 534
Cluniacs, favoured by Pilgrim of Cologne, 2;
influence in Burgundy, 18; extension of
influence under Urban II, 89; 515
Cluny, monastery of, 2, 4, 15, 34, 484, 528,
615, 661 sqq. ; Urban II prior of, 87; death
of Gelasius II at, 105; its dependent houses,
663; under Odilo, 664; under Hugh, 665;
its influence, 666; St Bernard and, ib. ;
abbots of, see Aymard, Berno, Hugh,
Mayeul, Odilo, Odo, Peter, Pons
Coblenz, Conrad III elected king at, 346
Codification of Justinian, Chap.
632; royal influence, 633 sq. ; ecclesiastical
influence, 634 sqq. ; Peace of God and, 635
sq. ; the Crusades and, 636; influence of
commerce, 637; growth through struggle,
637 sqq. ; peaceful advance of, 639 sq. ;
economic development, 640 sq. ; serfdom
and, 641; exactions of lords and, 642;
influence of geography, 643; and of in-
creasing wealth, 644; independent growth
of, 646 sq. ; double towns, 648; affiliation
of communes, 648 sq.
