To think a flower could love the sun,
Nor feel her soul dissolve away!
Nor feel her soul dissolve away!
Warner - World's Best Literature - v21 - Rab to Rus
There is no country where we
can find more people who have traveled than we find in France.
But notwithstanding all this, of all the people of Europe, the one
that sees the most of them knows the least. The English also
travel, but in a different way; and it seems that these two nations
must be different in everything. The English nobility travel,
the French nobility do not travel; the French people travel, the
English people do not travel. This difference seems to me hon-
orable to the latter. The French have almost always some per-
sonal interest in their travels; but the English do not go to seek
their fortune abroad, unless it is through commerce, and with full
pockets. When they travel it is to spend their money abroad,
and not to live there on the fruits of their industry; they are too
proud to go prowling about away from home. This also causes
them to learn more from foreigners than the French do, who have
a totally different object in view. The English, however, have
their national prejudices also, and even more of them than any
one else; but these prejudices are due less to ignorance than to
passion. The Englishman has the prejudices of pride, and the
Frenchman those of vanity.
There is a great difference between traveling to see the country
and traveling to see the people. The first object is always that
of the curious, while the other is only incidental for them. It
ought to be the very opposite for one who wishes to philosophize.
The child observes things, and waits until he can observe men.
The man ought to begin by observing his fellows; and then he
can observe things if he has the time.
It is bad reasoning to conclude that travels are useless because
we travel in the wrong way. But admitting the utility of travels,
does it follow that they are best for everybody? Far from it;
## p. 12451 (#509) ##########################################
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
12451
on the contrary, they are good for only a very few people: they
are good only for men who have sufficient self-control to listen
to the lessons of error without allowing themselves to go astray,
and to see the example of vice without permitting themselves to
be drawn into it. Travel develops the natural bent of character,
and finally makes a man good or bad. Whoever returns from a
tour of the world is, on his return, what he will be for the rest
of his life. Of those who return, more are bad than good, because
more of those who start out are inclined to evil rather than
good. Badly educated and badly trained young men contract
during their travels all the vices of the peoples whom they visit,
but not one of the virtues with which these vices are mingled;
but those who are happily born, those whose good nature has
been well cultivated, and who travel with the real purpose of
becoming instructed, all return better and wiser than when they
started out. It is thus that my Émile shall travel.
Whatever is done through reason ought to have its rules:
travels, considered as a part of education, ought to have theirs.
To travel for the sake of traveling is to be a wanderer, a vaga-
bond; to travel for the sake of instruction is still too vague an
object; for instruction which has no determined end amounts to
nothing.
Translation of William H. Payne.
IN THE ISLE OF ST. PETER
From the Fifth of the 'Rêveries>
I
FOUND my existence so charming, and led a life so agreeable
to my humor, that I resolved here to end my days. My only
source of disquiet was whether I should be allowed to carry
my project out. In the midst of the presentiments that disturbed
me, I would fain have had them make a perpetual prison of my
refuge, to confine me in it for all the rest of my life. I longed
for them to cut off all chance and all hope of leaving it; to for-
bid my holding any communication with the mainland, so that
knowing nothing of what was going on in the world, I might
have forgotten the world's existence, and people might have for-
gotten mine too. They suffered me to pass only two months in
the island, but I could have passed two years, two centuries, and
all eternity, without a moment's weariness; though I had not,
## p. 12452 (#510) ##########################################
12452
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
with my companion, any other society than that of the steward,
his wife, and their servants. They were in truth honest souls
and nothing more, but that was just what I wanted.
Carried thither in a violent hurry, alone and without a thing, I
afterwards sent for my housekeeper, my books, and my scanty
possessions, of which I had the delight of unpacking nothing,-
leaving my boxes and chests just as they had come, and dwelling
in the house where I counted on ending my days exactly as if
it were
an inn whence I must set forth on the morrow.
All
things went so well, just as they were, that to think of ordering
them better were to spoil them. One of my greatest joys was
to leave my books fastened up in their boxes, and to be without
even a case for writing. When any luckless letter forced me to
take up a pen for an answer, I grumblingly borrowed the stew-
ard's inkstand, and hurried to give it back to him with all the
haste I could, in the vain hope that I should never have need
of the loan any more. Instead of meddling with those weary
quires and reams and piles of old books, I filled my chamber with
flowers and grasses; for I was then in my first fervor for botany.
Having given up employment that would be a task to me, I
needed one that would be an amusement, nor cause me more
pains than a sluggard might choose to take.
I undertook to make the 'Flora Petrinsularis'; and to describe
every single plant on the island, in detail enough to occupy me
for the rest of my days. In consequence of this fine scheme,
every morning after breakfast, which we all took in company, I
used to go with a magnifying-glass in my hand, and my 'Sys-
tema Naturæ' under my arm, to visit some district of the island.
I had divided it for that purpose into small squares, meaning to
go through them one after another in each season of the year.
At the end of two or three hours I used to return laden with an
ample harvest,- a provision for amusing myself after dinner in-
doors, in case of rain. I spent the rest of the morning in going
with the steward, his wife, and Theresa, to see the laborers and
the harvesting, and I generally set to work along with them:
many a time when people from Berne came to see me, they
found me perched on a high tree, with a bag fastened round my
waist; I kept filling it with fruit, and then let it down to the
ground with a rope. The exercise I had taken in the morning,
and the good-humor that always comes from exercise, made the
repose of dinner vastly pleasant to me. But if dinner was kept
## p. 12453 (#511) ##########################################
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
12453
up too long, and fine weather invited me forth, I could not
wait; but was speedily off to throw myself all alone into a boat,
which, when the water was smooth enough, I used to pull out
to the middle of the lake. There, stretched at full length in the
boat's bottom, with my eyes turned up to the sky, I let myself
float slowly hither and thither as the water listed, sometimes for
hours together; plunged in a thousand confused delicious mus-
ings, which, though they had no fixed nor constant object, were
not the less on that account a hundred times dearer to me than
all that I had found sweetest in what they call the pleasures of
life. Often warned by the going down of the sun that it was
time to return, I found myself so far from the island that I was
forced to row with all my might to get in before it was pitch
dark. At other times, instead of losing myself in the midst of
the waters, I had a fancy to coast along the green shores of the
island, where the clear waters and cool shadows tempted me to
bathe.
But one of my most frequent expeditions was from the larger
island to the less: there I disembarked and spent my afternoon,
-sometimes in mimic rambles among wild elders, persicaries,
willows, and shrubs of every species; sometimes settling myself
on the top of a sandy knoll, covered with turf, wild thyme,
flowers, even sainfoin and trefoil that had most likely been sown
there in old days, making excellent quarters for rabbits. They
might multiply in peace without either fearing anything or
harming anything. I spoke of this to the steward. He at once
had male and female rabbits brought from Neuchâtel, and we
went in high state-his wife, one of his sisters, Theresa, and I—
to settle them in the little islet. The foundation of our colony
was a feast-day. The pilot of the Argonauts was not prouder
than I, as I bore my company and the rabbits in triumph from
our island to the smaller one.
When the lake was too rough for me to sail, I spent my
afternoon in going up and down the island, gathering plants to
right and left; seating myself now in smiling lonely nooks to
dream at my ease, now on little terraces and knolls, to follow
with my eyes the superb and ravishing prospect of the lake and
its shores, crowned on one side by the neighboring hills, and
on the other melting into rich and fertile plains up to the feet
of the pale-blue mountains on their far-off edge.
## p. 12454 (#512) ##########################################
12454
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
As evening drew on, I used to come down from the high
ground, and sit on the beach at the water's brink in some hid-
den sheltering-place. There the murmur of the waves and their
agitation charmed all my senses, and drove every other move-
ment away from my soul: they plunged it into delicious dream-
ings, in which I was often surprised by night. The flux and
reflux of the water, its ceaseless stir, swelling and falling at
intervals, striking on ear and sight, made up for the internal
movements which my musings extinguished; they were enough
to give me delight in mere existence, without taking any trouble
of thinking. From time to time arose some passing thought of
the instability of the things of this world, of which the face of
the waters offered an image: but such light impressions were
swiftly effaced in the uniformity of the ceaseless motion, which
rocked me as in a cradle; it held me with such fascination that
even when called at the hour and by the signal appointed, I
could not tear myself away without summoning all my force.
After supper, when the evening was fine, we used to go all
together for a saunter on the terrace, to breathe the freshness
of the air from the lake. We sat down in the arbor,-laughing,
chatting, or singing some old song,- and then we went home to
bed, well pleased with the day, and only craving another that
should be exactly like it on the morrow.
All is a continual flux upon the earth. Nothing in it keeps
a form constant and determinate; our affections-fastening on
external things- necessarily change and pass just as they do.
Ever in front of us or behind us, they recall the past that is
gone, or anticipate a future that in many a case is destined never
to be. There is nothing solid to which the heart can fix itself.
Here we have little more than a pleasure that comes and passes
away; as for the happiness that endures, I cannot tell if it be
so much as known among men. There is hardly in the midst
of our liveliest delights a single instant when the heart could
tell us with real truth, "I would this instant might last forever. "
And how can we give the name of happiness to a fleeting state
that all the time leaves the heart unquiet and void,- that makes
us regret something gone, or still long for something to come?
But if there is a state in which the soul finds a situation
solid enough to comport with perfect repose, and with the ex-
pansion of its whole faculty, without need of calling back the
•
## p. 12455 (#513) ##########################################
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
12455
past or pressing on towards the future; where time is nothing
for it, and the present has no ending; with no mark for its own
duration, and without a trace of succession; without a single
other sense of privation or delight, of pleasure or pain, of desire
or apprehension, than this single sense of existence,- so long
as such a state endures, he who finds himself in it may talk of
bliss, not with a poor, relative, and imperfect happiness such as
people find in the pleasures of life, but with a happiness full,
perfect, and sufficing, that leaves in the soul no conscious unfilled
void. Such a state was many a day mine in my solitary musings
in the isle of St. Peter, either lying in my boat as it floated on
the water, or seated on the banks of the broad lake, or in other
places than the little isle,- on the brink of some broad stream,
or a rivulet murmuring over a gravel bed.
What is it that one enjoys in a situation like this? Nothing
outside of one's self, nothing except one's self and one's own
existence.
But most men, tossed as they are by unceas-
ing passion, have little knowledge of such a state: they taste it
imperfectly for a few moments, and then retain no more than an
obscure confused idea of it, that is too weak to let them feel its
charm. It would not even be good, in the present constitution
of things, that in their eagerness for these gentle ecstasies, they
should fall into a disgust for the active life in which their duty
is prescribed to them by needs that are ever on the increase.
But a wretch cut off from human society, who can do nothing
here below that is useful and good either for himself or for other
people, may in such a state find for all lost human felicities many
recompenses, of which neither fortune nor men can ever rob
·
·
him.
'Tis true that these recompenses cannot be felt by all souls,
nor in all situations. The heart must be in peace, nor any pas-
sion come to trouble its calm. There must be in the surrounding
objects neither absolute repose nor excess of agitation; but a uni-
form and moderated movement, without shock, without interval.
With no movement, life is only a lethargy. If the movement be
unequal or too strong, it awakes us; by recalling us to the objects
around, it destroys the charm of our musing, and plucks us from
within ourselves, instantly to throw us back under the yoke of
fortune and man, in a moment to restore us to all the conscious-
ness of misery. Absolute stillness inclines one to gloom. It
offers an image of death: then the help of a cheerful imagination
## p. 12456 (#514) ##########################################
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JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
is necessary, and presents itself naturally enough to those whom
Heaven has endowed with such a gift. The movement which
does not come from without then stirs within us. The repose is
less complete, it is true; but it is also more agreeable when light
and gentle ideas, without agitating the depths of the soul, only
softly skim the surface. This sort of musing we may taste when-
ever there is tranquillity about us; and I have thought that in
the Bastile, and even in a dungeon where no object struck my
sight, I could have dreamed away many a thrice pleasurable day.
But it must be said that all this came better and more hap-
pily in a fruitful and lonely island, where nothing presented itself
to me save smiling pictures, where nothing recalled saddening
memories, where the fellowship of the few dwellers there was
gentle and obliging, without being exciting enough to busy me
incessantly; where, in short, I was free to surrender myself all
day long to the promptings of my taste or to the most luxurious
indolence.
As I came out from a long and most sweet
musing fit, seeing myself surrounded by verdure and flowers and
birds, and letting my eyes wander far over romantic shores that
fringed a wide expanse of water bright as crystal, I fitted all
these attractive objects into my dreams; and when at last I slowly
recovered myself, and recognized what was about me, I could not
mark the point that cut off dream from reality, so equally did all
things unite to endear to me the lonely retired life I led in this
happy spot! Why can that life not come back to me again?
Why can I not go finish my days in the beloved island, never to
quit it, never again to see in it one dweller from the mainland,
to bring back to me the memory of all the woes of every sort
that they have delighted in heaping on my head for all these
long years? . . Freed from the earthly passions engendered
by the tumult of social life, my soul would many a time lift
itself above this atmosphere, and commune beforehand with the
heavenly intelligences, into whose number it trusts to be ere long
taken.
•
## p. 12457 (#515) ##########################################
12457
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
(1788-1866)
ÜCKERT was not only a great poet and fervid patriot, but a
man of wide learning and solid scholarly attainments. His
knowledge of languages was phenomenal, and his boast that
for him "every language written by men possessed life" was not a
gross exaggeration. His contributions to Oriental studies were volu-
minous and valuable, but they have inevitably been rendered obsolete
or obsolescent by the restless advance of German scholarship; it is
only in the inspired translations from Oriental literatures that we have
results of permanent value. The ultimate
analysis of Rückert's manifold life labors
reveals as the essential and indestructible
part, his poetry. The parallel with Uhland
is obvious. Both were scholars and pio-
neers in their chosen fields; both were act-
ive in the liberal movement in Germany;
both were poets of the first rank, and
have erected poetic monuments of enduring
worth. Uhland was more racy of the Ger-
man soil, and his ballads and lyrics have
the touch of the autochthonous folk-song;
his scholarship was Germanistic. Rückert's
studies were in Oriental fields, and in the
Orient he found much of his poetic mate-
rial; he was more exotic than Uhland, and yet he has left behind a
mass of true German poetry which has endeared him to the hearts
of German children. The still retiracy of wood and garden, nursery
and home, he has sung most movingly. The larger ambitions for a
united fatherland he has expressed most powerfully. That this poetic
productivity, which continued unimpaired to the end of his long life,
should have been but the lounging garment of the German professor
when his talar was laid aside, is a remarkable evidence of the depth
and strength and versatile beauty of Rückert's mind.
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
Friedrich Rückert was born at Schweinfurt on May 16th, 1788. It
was obvious at an early age that the study of philology and asthet-
ics was his vocation, and to these he devoted himself at the Univer-
sity of Würzburg. He became a private teacher, an official tutor, and
"
## p. 12458 (#516) ##########################################
12458
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
eventually a university professor. His life was that of the typical
German scholar; but he retained the freshness of the poet's heart,
and the expression quoted above-"Every language possesses life for
me».
- is characteristic: he infused vitality into all he taught.
-
All poets were patriots in the stirring first years of the nineteenth
century. Rückert's part in the national uprising is represented by
his vigorous 'Geharnischte Sonette' (Sonnets in Armor), and the mar-
tial songs entitled 'Spott- und Ehrenlieder' (Songs of Praise and
Derision). These were published in 'Deutsche Gedichte' (German
Poems) in 1814, under the pseudonym of Freimund Reimar. After
the declaration of peace, Rückert assumed the editorship of Cotta's
Morgenblatt in Stuttgart, and there formed the friendship of Uhland.
In the autumn of 1817 he went to Italy; but Rome did not throw
its powerful enchantment about him as it had around Goethe and
Platen. Rückert stayed but one year. On his return he stopped in
Vienna, where he received invaluable instruction in Persian from the
celebrated Orientalist, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. Thenceforth
the study of the Oriental languages and literatures became his chief
occupation and life task. In 1826 he accepted the Oriental chair at
Erlangen; and in 1841, shortly after the accession of Frederick Wil-
liam IV. , he was called to the University of Berlin. The Frankish
poet was never quite at home in the Prussian capital; but he held
his position till 1848, when he retired definitely to the happy life of
a gardener and scholar at Neuses, near Coburg. In this charming
retreat he had established his poet's-home shortly after his marriage
with Luise Fischer in 1821; there he spent almost without interrup-
tion the last eighteen years of his life, and there he died on January
31st, 1866.
The most important poetic yield of Rückert's Oriental studies was
the book of Oriental lyrics called 'Oestliche Rosen' (Roses of the
East), much admired by Goethe. His translations from the Indian,
Hebrew, Persian, Arabian, and Chinese are permanent enrichments of
the literature of Germany; the writings of Sa'di, Firdausī, and Kāli-
dāsa he has transformed into German classics: and in this sense he
is the greatest and worthiest successor of Herder and Goethe in their
strivings toward the ideal of a universal literature.
Rückert's resources seemed inexhaustible. Ripe wisdom, broad
knowledge, deep sympathy, strong imagination, and absolute mastery
of language and form, were all his. It was not unnatural that his
virtuosity should mislead his Muse into mediocrity at times, but he
says of himself:·
"Had I not written the verse you care nothing about,
The verses that really delight you had ne'er been thought out. "
## p. 12459 (#517) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12459
Several historical plays remain to show that the drama was not
his field. The lyric, the gnomic, the didactic, were his proper ele-
ment. The glowing, joyous love-songs to his fiancée, which he pub-
lished in the year of his marriage under the title of 'Liebesfrühling'
(Springtime of Love), display his lyric quality in its highest degree.
His pure and strong fancy enabled him to give poetic value to the
commonplace and unimportant. The popular 'Haus und Jahreslieder ›
(Songs of the House and Year) show how Rückert was able to bring
the most insignificant and unpromising subjects into poetic relations
with fair and lofty thoughts. The singable quality of his verse was
publicly praised by Goethe, and composers have borne frequent wit-
ness to their appreciation of it by setting the songs to music. Most
famous perhaps is the simple, compact, tender, and untranslatable
'Du bist die Ruh' of Schubert (Thou art Rest). Goethe on his
death-bed repeated Rückert's solemn lines, 'At Midnight. '
But the stores of wisdom and learning which filled the poet's
mind received artistic expression in the finest didactic poem of
German literature, 'Die Weisheit des Brahmanen' (The Brahman's
Wisdom). It contains a wealth of wisdom, wrought into finely fash-
ioned forms. With an artist's eye he could fathom the profound and
gaze at the sublime, and he was able to proclaim his vision with
the awing solemnity of an ancient prophet. With this poem Rückert
established himself permanently in the German heart, into which
he had first entered singing his lays of love and of war. He died
before his lifelong dream of a united Germany had been realized.
He had symbolized this dream in 'Barbarossa,' but had lost hope,
for the ravens of discord and distrust continued still to circle round
the mountain. It was only five years after Rückert's death that a
German emperor was crowned at Versailles.
THE HOUR-GLASS OF ASHES
HEN Torismund, for love of Rosalind,
Consumed to ashes in the flames he fanned,
She did not strew his ashes on the wind,
But gathered it all up with faithful hand;
WHE
And now he serves the child's inventive mind,
Within her hour-glass placed instead of sand:
Glad that through her, he still no peace doth find
In death, who found none in the living's land.
Translation of C. T. Brooks.
## p. 12460 (#518) ##########################################
12460
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
D
AMARYLLIS
O NOT bid me welcome, dearest;
Do not say to me, "Good-by! »
When I come, thy kisses, dearest;
When I go, then breathe a sigh.
Not when coming thou dost see me,
Do I come to thee, my dear:
Ever when I'm parted from thee
Stays my heart behind me here.
Nor when going thou dost see me,
Do I leave the sacred spot:
Dearest, I remain there in the
Chamber, though thou know'st it not.
Translation of Charles Harvey Genung.
SAD SPRING
From the series of sonnets entitled In Memory of Agnes'
"S
WEET Spring is here," I heard men say and sing;
Then went I forth to seek where he might be:
I found the buds on every bush and tree,
But nowhere could I find my darling, Spring.
Birds sang, the bees they hummed, but everything
They sang or hummed was sad as sad could be;
Rills gushed, but all their waves were tears to me;
Suns laughed,—no joy to me their looks could bring.
Nor of my darling could I find a trace,
Till with my pilgrim staff I took my way
To a well-known but long-neglected place,
And there I found him, Spring: near where she lay,
He sate, a beauteous boy, with tearful face,
Like one who weeps above a mother's clay.
Translation of C. T. Brooks.
## p. 12461 (#519) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12461
THE SUN AND THE BROOK
HE Sun he spoke
THE
To the Meadow-Brook,
And said, "I sorely blame you;
Through every nook.
The wild-flower folk
You hunt, as naught could shame you.
What. but the light
Makes them so bright,-
The light from me they borrow?
Yet me you slight,
To get a sight
At them, and I must sorrow!
Ah! pity take
On me, and make
Your smooth breast stiller, clearer;
And as I wake
In the blue sky-lake,
Be thou, O Brook, my mirror! "
The Brook flowed on,
And said anon:
"Good Sun, it should not grieve you,
That as I run
I gaze upon
The motley flowers, and leave you.
You are so great
In your heavenly state,
And they so unpretending,
On you they wait,
And only get
The graces of your lending.
But when the sea
Receiveth me,
From them I must me sever:
I then shall be.
A glass to thee,
Reflecting thee forever. »
Translation of J. S. Dwight.
## p. 12462 (#520) ##########################################
12462
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
THE DYING FLOWER
DIALOGUE BETWEEN A PASSENGER AND A FADING VIOLET
PASSENGER
D'
ROOP not, poor flower! - there's hope for thee:
The spring again will breathe and burn,
And glory robe the kingly tree,
Whose life is in the sun's return;
And once again its buds will chime
Their peal of joy from viewless bells,
Though all the long dark winter-time
They mourned within their dreary cells.
FLOWER
Alas! no kingly tree am I,
No marvel of a thousand years:
I cannot dream a winter by,
And wake with song when spring appears.
At best my life is kin to death;
My little all of being flows
From summer's kiss, from summer's breath,
And sleeps in summer's grave of snows.
PASSENGER
Yet grieve not! Summer may depart,
And beauty seek a brighter home;
But thou, thou bearest in thy heart
The germ of many a life to come.
Mayest lightly reck of autumn storms:
Whate'er thine individual doom,
Thine essence, blent with other forms,
Will still shine out in radiant bloom!
FLOWER
Yes! moons will wane, and bluer skies
Breathe blessing forth for flower and tree;
I know that while the unit dies,
The myriad live immortally:
But shall my soul survive in them?
Shall I be all I was before?
Vain dream! I wither, soul and stem;
I die, and know my place no more!
## p. 12463 (#521) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12463
The sun may lavish life on them;
His light, in summer morns and eves,
May color every dewy gem
That sparkles on their tender leaves:
But this will not avail the dead;
The glory of his wondrous face
Who now rains lustre on my head,
Can only mock my burial-place!
And woe to me, fond foolish one,
To tempt an all-consuming ray!
To think a flower could love the sun,
Nor feel her soul dissolve away!
Oh, could I be what once I was,
How should I shun his fatal beam!
Wrapt in myself, my life should pass
But as a still, dark, painless dream!
But vainly in my bitterness
I speak the language of despair:
In life, in death, I still must bless
The sun, the light, the cradling air!
Mine early love to them I gave;
And now that yon bright orb on high
Illumines but a wider grave,
For them I breathe my final sigh!
How often soared my soul aloft
In balmy bliss too deep to speak,
When Zephyr came and kissed with soft,
Sweet incense breath my blushing cheek!
When beauteous bees and butterflies
Flew round me in the summer beam,
Or when some virgin's glorious eyes
Bent o'er me like a dazzling dream!
Ah, yes! I know myself a birth
Of that All-wise, All-mighty Love,
Which made the flower to bloom on earth,
And sun and stars to burn above;
And if like them I fade and fail,
If I but share the common doom,
Let no lament of mine bewail
My dark descent to Hades's gloom!
Farewell, thou Lamp of this green globe!
Thy light is on my dying face;
## p. 12464 (#522) ##########################################
12464
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
Thy glory tints my faded robe,
And clasps me in a death embrace!
Farewell, thou balsam-dropping spring!
Farewell, ye skies that beam and weep!
Unhoping and unmurmuring,
I bow my head and sink to sleep!
Translation of James Clarence Mangan.
I
NATURE MORE THAN SCIENCE
HAVE a thousand thousand lays,
Compact of myriad myriad words,
And so can sing a million ways,
Can play at pleasure on the chords
Of tunèd harp or heart;
Yet is there one sweet song
For which in vain I pine and long;
I cannot reach that song, with all my minstrel art.
A shepherd sits within a dell,
O'er-canopied from rain and heat;
A shallow but pellucid well
Doth bubble at his feet.
His pipe is but a leaf,
Yet there, above that stream,
He plays and plays, as in a dream,
One air that steals away the senses like a thief.
A simple air it seems, in truth,
And who begins will end it soon;
Yet when that hidden shepherd-youth
So pours it in the ear of Noon,
Tears flow from those anear.
All songs of yours and mine
Condensed in one were less divine
Than that sweet air to sing, that sweet, sweet air to hear!
'Twas yesternoon he played it last;
The hummings of a hundred bees
Were in mine ears, yet as I passed
I heard him through the myrtle-trees.
Stretched all along he lay,
'Mid foliage half decayed;
His lambs were feeding while he played,
And sleepily wore on the stilly summer day.
Translation of James Clarence Mangan.
## p. 12465 (#523) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12465
GREEDINESS PUNISHED
T WAS the cloister Grabow, in the land of Usédom;
IT
For years had God's free goodness to fill its larder come:
They might have been contented!
Along the shore came swimming, to give the monks good cheer
Who dwelt within the cloister, two fishes every year:
They might have been contented!
Two sturgeons-two great fat ones and then this law was set,
That one of them should yearly be taken in a net:
They might have been contented!
The other swam away then until next year came round,
Then with a new companion he punctually was found:
They might have been contented!
So then again they caught one, and served him in the dish,
And regularly caught they, year in, year out, a fish:
They might have been contented!
One year, the time appointed two such great fishes brought,
The question was a hard one, which of them should be caught:
They might have been contented!
They caught them both together, but every greedy wight
Just spoiled his stomach by it; it served the gluttons right:
They might have been contented!
This was the least of sorrows: hear how the cup ran o'er!
Henceforward to the cloister no fish came swimming more:
They might have been contented!
So long had God supplied them of his free grace alone,
That now it is denied them, the fault is all their own:
They might have been contented!
XXI-780
Translation of C. T. Brooks.
## p. 12466 (#524) ##########################################
12466
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
THE PATRIOT'S LAMENT
-
forgest, smith ? »
chains! "-
"We're forging chains; ay,
WHAT
"Alas! to chains yourselves degraded are! "
"What plowest, farmer ? "—"Fields their fruit must bear. ”.
"Yes, seed for foes: the burr for thee remains! "
"What aim'st at, sportsman ? "
"Yonder stag, so fat. ".
"To hunt you down, like stag and roe, they'll try. " -
"What snarest, fisher? " "Yonder fish so shy. ».
"Who's there to save you from your fatal net? ”
-――――
"What art thou rocking, sleepless mother? ” — “Boys. ” —
"Yes: let them grow, and wound their country's fame,
Slaves to her foes, with parricidal arm! ”-
"What art thou writing, poet? " "Words of flame:
I mark my own, record my country's harm,
Whom thought of freedom never more employs. "
-
I blame them not, who with the foreign steel
Tear out our vitals, pierce our inmost heart;
For they are foes created for our smart,
And when they slay us, why they do it, feel.
But in these paths, ye seek what recompense?
For you what brilliant toys of fame are here,
Ye mongrel foes, who lift the sword and spear
Against your country, not for her defense?
Ye Franks, Bavarians, and ye Swabians, say—
Ye aliens, sold to bear the slavish name
What wages for your servitude they pay.
Your eagle may perchance redeem your fame;
More sure his robber train, ye birds of prey,
To coming ages shall prolong your shame!
Translation of C. C. Felton.
-
## p. 12467 (#525) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12467
BARBAROSSA
HE ancient Barbarossa
By magic spell is bound,-
Old Frederic the kaiser,
In castle underground.
THE
The kaiser hath not perished,-
He sleeps an iron sleep;
For in the castle hidden,
He's sunk in slumber deep.
With him the chiefest treasures
Of empire hath he ta'en,
Wherewith in fitting season
He shall appear again.
The kaiser he is sitting
Upon an ivory throne;
Of marble is the table
His head he resteth on.
His beard it is not flaxen:
Like living fire it shines,
And groweth through the table
Whereon his chin reclines.
As in a dream he noddeth;
Then wakes he, heavy-eyed,
And calls, with lifted finger,
A stripling to his side:-
"Dwarf, get thee to the gateway,
And tidings bring, if still
Their course the ancient ravens
Are wheeling round the hill.
"For if the ancient ravens
Are flying still around,
A hundred years to slumber
By magic spell I'm bound. "
Translation by H. W. Dulcken.
## p. 12468 (#526) ##########################################
12468
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
THE DRUM
OH,
H, THE drum - it rattles so loud!
When it calls me with its rattle
To the battle to the battle-
Sounds that once so charmed my ear
I no longer now can hear;
They are all an empty hum,
For the drum —
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
-
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
At the door with tearful eye,
Father, mother, to me cry; —
Father! mother! shut the door!
I can hear you now no more!
Ye might as well be dumb,
For the drum —
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
At the corner of the street,
Where so oft we used to meet,
Stands my bride, and cries, "Ah, woe!
My bridegroom, wilt thou go? »
Dearest bride, the hour is come!
For the drum —
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
My brother in the fight
Bids a last, a long good-night;
And the guns, with knell on knell,
Their tale of warning tell; —
But my ear to that is numb,
For the drum
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
There's no such stirring sound
Is heard the wide world round
As the drum that with its rattle
Echoes Freedom's call to battle!
I fear no martyrdom
While the drum
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
Translation of C. T. Brooks.
## p. 12469 (#527) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12469
GONE IN THE WIND
SOL
OLOMON! where is thy throne? It is gone in the wind.
Babylon! where is thy might? It is gone in the wind.
Like the swift shadows of noon, like the dreams of the blind,
Vanish the glories and pomps of the earth in the wind.
Man! canst thou build upon aught in the pride of thy mind?
Wisdom will teach thee that nothing can tarry behind;
Though there be thousand bright actions embalmed and enshrined,
Myriads and millions of brighter are snow in the wind.
Solomon! where is thy throne? It is gone in the wind.
Babylon! where is thy might? It is gone in the wind.
All that the genius of man hath achieved or designed
Waits but its hour to be dealt with as dust by the wind.
Say, what is pleasure? A phantom, a mask undefined.
Science? An almond, whereof we can pierce but the rind.
Honor and affluence? Firmans that Fortune hath signed
Only to glitter and pass on the wings of the wind.
Solomon! where is thy throne? It is gone in the wind.
Babylon! where is thy might? It is gone in the wind.
Who is the fortunate? He who in anguish hath pined!
He shall rejoice when his relics are dust in the wind!
Mortal! be careful with what thy best hopes are entwined.
Woe to the miners for truth-where the lampless have mined!
Woe to the seekers on earth for — what none ever find!
They and their trust shall be scattered like leaves on the wind.
-
Solomon! where is thy throne? It is gone in the wind.
Babylon! where is thy might? It is gone in the wind.
Happy in death are they only whose hearts have consigned
All earth's affections and longings and cares to the wind.
Pity thou, reader! the madness of poor human-kind,
Raving of knowledge- and Satan so busy to blind!
Raving of glory-like me;-for the garlands I bind
(Garlands of song) are but gathered, and-strewn in the wind!
Solomon! where is thy throne? It is gone in the wind.
Babylon! where is thy might? It is gone in the wind.
I, Abul-Namez, must rest; for my fire hath declined,
And I hear voices from Hades like bells on the wind.
Translation of James Clarence Mangan.
## p. 12470 (#528) ##########################################
12470
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
TOLD BY A BRAHMIN
GⓇ
OLD weighed 'gainst Honor is naught in the scale,-
Hear of an Arab the ancient tale:-
The eye of a robber was set on the steed
That was dearer to him than wife or than creed.
The steed was his joy both day and night,
Her course was as swift as an arrow in flight.
At night she was chained with a chain whose twist
Through the tent-walls went to his sleeping wrist.
But the robber-snake in the douar crept,
While he and the men of his tribe all slept.
He loosened the chain with which she was tied,
He sprang on the mare and loudly cried:-
"Wake, fool, and know that I have thine horse;
Race after, and take her back by force. "
-
The robbed and his tribe race hard behind,
As fast as the simoom's desert wind.
They are neck to croup - he will overtake! —
Like a flash came the thought, "Her fame is at stake.
"If I overtake her she's mine again;
If not, with her robber she will remain.
"Yet ten times rather lose her than she
Should be overmatched, were it even by me. "
To the robber he shouted loud and clear,
"Fool, press your mount in her pricked right ear! "
For that was the spot that he touched at need,—
The secret sign for the mare's full speed.
The robber obeyed, and swift with him
She vanished in dust o'er the desert's rim.
Each man of the tribe turned round to upbraid:-
"Thou hast thyself and thine horse betrayed.
"Thou hast lost the best steed man ever crossed. "
Said he, "Her honor remains unlost!
"Unconquered,-though lost for her honor's sake,
That triumph no robber from me can take. "
Translation of Elizabeth Craigmyle.
## p. 12471 (#529) ##########################################
12471
GIOVANNI DOMENICO RUFFINI
(1807-1881)
-
IOVANNI DOMENICO RUFFINI, conspirator, politician, patriot, is
remembered in none of these characters, - not rare in his
time and country,- but as a novelist; and especially as the
author of one book, 'Dr. Antonio,'—a lovely record of love, patriot-
ism, and despair.
His first story, 'Lorenzo Benoni,' purporting to be a novel, is
really an autobiography; a faithful transcript of his boyhood and life
in Italy between 1818 and 1833, when Piedmont was the stronghold
of despotism, and when Ruffini, who was educated at the university
(he was born in Genoa in 1807), was one of the band of high if tur-
bulent spirits-Mazzini the leader - who joined the "Young Italy»
movement and set up the national standard. 'Lorenzo' in one way
merited the attention accorded it in the first reviews of the day. It
fell at a lucky moment, and was filled with Italian politics, then at
their most interesting moment. To the modern reader its sole inter-
est is in one unique quality: the naïve expression of a conspirator's
life, its futility, its childishness, its splendid courage, its duplicity,
its high motives, and the stage tricks used to elevate it as the
author unconsciously betrays. The minute details of Italian school
life are faithful enough; but a pedagogue is a pedagogue the world
over, and his portrait can never be a novel one.
Ruffini fled to France in 1833, and afterwards to England, where
he studied the language with such assiduity that it is hard to believe
that the tongue in which he wrote is not his own. On the promul-
gation of the constitution of 1848 he re-entered Italian politics, and
was deputy from Taggia, the little Riviera town which was to achieve
romantic distinction as the scene of Dr. Antonio. ' Charles Albert
appointed him Sardinian minister to France; but the battle of Novara
having resulted in the abdication of the King and his own exile, he
returned to London, and wrote a series of novels depicting Italian
life during the revolutions of 1833 and 1848. Lavinia,' 'Paragreens,'
'Carlino,' and 'Vincenzo' have the single merit of so portraying
the fortunes of commonplace men and women, that the foreigner is
able to understand their temper and social opportunity. Between the
gloomy 'Lorenzo Benoni' and the other unremarkable stories that
## p. 12472 (#530) ##########################################
12472
GIOVANNI DOMENICO RUFFINI
follow, Dr. Antonio' shines out an almost flawless jewel among a
handful of smooth pebbles.
Ruffini spent his peaceful age in Taggia, and died there in 1881.
'Dr. Antonio,' published in 1855, is written in a style as far as
possible from the modern manner. The author does not fill his can-
vas with figures, and then stand off, a dispassionate observer, to see
how they look and move. He is frankly the partisan, the protector,
of his hero and heroine; and prodigal in gifts to them of beauty,
character, and charm. He crowns his Lucy with golden hair, his
Antonio with dark curls, the one the complement of the other. His
language is old-fashioned; and through his limpid sentences walk
"Lucy the fair," "Antonio the noble. » The story rests on supports
which, though firm, are slender. Lucy Davenne, a young English
girl, accompanied by her father, an insular, prejudiced, wealthy baro-
net, traveling by carriage along the Cornice road, is overturned at a
dangerous pass and seriously injured.
can find more people who have traveled than we find in France.
But notwithstanding all this, of all the people of Europe, the one
that sees the most of them knows the least. The English also
travel, but in a different way; and it seems that these two nations
must be different in everything. The English nobility travel,
the French nobility do not travel; the French people travel, the
English people do not travel. This difference seems to me hon-
orable to the latter. The French have almost always some per-
sonal interest in their travels; but the English do not go to seek
their fortune abroad, unless it is through commerce, and with full
pockets. When they travel it is to spend their money abroad,
and not to live there on the fruits of their industry; they are too
proud to go prowling about away from home. This also causes
them to learn more from foreigners than the French do, who have
a totally different object in view. The English, however, have
their national prejudices also, and even more of them than any
one else; but these prejudices are due less to ignorance than to
passion. The Englishman has the prejudices of pride, and the
Frenchman those of vanity.
There is a great difference between traveling to see the country
and traveling to see the people. The first object is always that
of the curious, while the other is only incidental for them. It
ought to be the very opposite for one who wishes to philosophize.
The child observes things, and waits until he can observe men.
The man ought to begin by observing his fellows; and then he
can observe things if he has the time.
It is bad reasoning to conclude that travels are useless because
we travel in the wrong way. But admitting the utility of travels,
does it follow that they are best for everybody? Far from it;
## p. 12451 (#509) ##########################################
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
12451
on the contrary, they are good for only a very few people: they
are good only for men who have sufficient self-control to listen
to the lessons of error without allowing themselves to go astray,
and to see the example of vice without permitting themselves to
be drawn into it. Travel develops the natural bent of character,
and finally makes a man good or bad. Whoever returns from a
tour of the world is, on his return, what he will be for the rest
of his life. Of those who return, more are bad than good, because
more of those who start out are inclined to evil rather than
good. Badly educated and badly trained young men contract
during their travels all the vices of the peoples whom they visit,
but not one of the virtues with which these vices are mingled;
but those who are happily born, those whose good nature has
been well cultivated, and who travel with the real purpose of
becoming instructed, all return better and wiser than when they
started out. It is thus that my Émile shall travel.
Whatever is done through reason ought to have its rules:
travels, considered as a part of education, ought to have theirs.
To travel for the sake of traveling is to be a wanderer, a vaga-
bond; to travel for the sake of instruction is still too vague an
object; for instruction which has no determined end amounts to
nothing.
Translation of William H. Payne.
IN THE ISLE OF ST. PETER
From the Fifth of the 'Rêveries>
I
FOUND my existence so charming, and led a life so agreeable
to my humor, that I resolved here to end my days. My only
source of disquiet was whether I should be allowed to carry
my project out. In the midst of the presentiments that disturbed
me, I would fain have had them make a perpetual prison of my
refuge, to confine me in it for all the rest of my life. I longed
for them to cut off all chance and all hope of leaving it; to for-
bid my holding any communication with the mainland, so that
knowing nothing of what was going on in the world, I might
have forgotten the world's existence, and people might have for-
gotten mine too. They suffered me to pass only two months in
the island, but I could have passed two years, two centuries, and
all eternity, without a moment's weariness; though I had not,
## p. 12452 (#510) ##########################################
12452
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
with my companion, any other society than that of the steward,
his wife, and their servants. They were in truth honest souls
and nothing more, but that was just what I wanted.
Carried thither in a violent hurry, alone and without a thing, I
afterwards sent for my housekeeper, my books, and my scanty
possessions, of which I had the delight of unpacking nothing,-
leaving my boxes and chests just as they had come, and dwelling
in the house where I counted on ending my days exactly as if
it were
an inn whence I must set forth on the morrow.
All
things went so well, just as they were, that to think of ordering
them better were to spoil them. One of my greatest joys was
to leave my books fastened up in their boxes, and to be without
even a case for writing. When any luckless letter forced me to
take up a pen for an answer, I grumblingly borrowed the stew-
ard's inkstand, and hurried to give it back to him with all the
haste I could, in the vain hope that I should never have need
of the loan any more. Instead of meddling with those weary
quires and reams and piles of old books, I filled my chamber with
flowers and grasses; for I was then in my first fervor for botany.
Having given up employment that would be a task to me, I
needed one that would be an amusement, nor cause me more
pains than a sluggard might choose to take.
I undertook to make the 'Flora Petrinsularis'; and to describe
every single plant on the island, in detail enough to occupy me
for the rest of my days. In consequence of this fine scheme,
every morning after breakfast, which we all took in company, I
used to go with a magnifying-glass in my hand, and my 'Sys-
tema Naturæ' under my arm, to visit some district of the island.
I had divided it for that purpose into small squares, meaning to
go through them one after another in each season of the year.
At the end of two or three hours I used to return laden with an
ample harvest,- a provision for amusing myself after dinner in-
doors, in case of rain. I spent the rest of the morning in going
with the steward, his wife, and Theresa, to see the laborers and
the harvesting, and I generally set to work along with them:
many a time when people from Berne came to see me, they
found me perched on a high tree, with a bag fastened round my
waist; I kept filling it with fruit, and then let it down to the
ground with a rope. The exercise I had taken in the morning,
and the good-humor that always comes from exercise, made the
repose of dinner vastly pleasant to me. But if dinner was kept
## p. 12453 (#511) ##########################################
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
12453
up too long, and fine weather invited me forth, I could not
wait; but was speedily off to throw myself all alone into a boat,
which, when the water was smooth enough, I used to pull out
to the middle of the lake. There, stretched at full length in the
boat's bottom, with my eyes turned up to the sky, I let myself
float slowly hither and thither as the water listed, sometimes for
hours together; plunged in a thousand confused delicious mus-
ings, which, though they had no fixed nor constant object, were
not the less on that account a hundred times dearer to me than
all that I had found sweetest in what they call the pleasures of
life. Often warned by the going down of the sun that it was
time to return, I found myself so far from the island that I was
forced to row with all my might to get in before it was pitch
dark. At other times, instead of losing myself in the midst of
the waters, I had a fancy to coast along the green shores of the
island, where the clear waters and cool shadows tempted me to
bathe.
But one of my most frequent expeditions was from the larger
island to the less: there I disembarked and spent my afternoon,
-sometimes in mimic rambles among wild elders, persicaries,
willows, and shrubs of every species; sometimes settling myself
on the top of a sandy knoll, covered with turf, wild thyme,
flowers, even sainfoin and trefoil that had most likely been sown
there in old days, making excellent quarters for rabbits. They
might multiply in peace without either fearing anything or
harming anything. I spoke of this to the steward. He at once
had male and female rabbits brought from Neuchâtel, and we
went in high state-his wife, one of his sisters, Theresa, and I—
to settle them in the little islet. The foundation of our colony
was a feast-day. The pilot of the Argonauts was not prouder
than I, as I bore my company and the rabbits in triumph from
our island to the smaller one.
When the lake was too rough for me to sail, I spent my
afternoon in going up and down the island, gathering plants to
right and left; seating myself now in smiling lonely nooks to
dream at my ease, now on little terraces and knolls, to follow
with my eyes the superb and ravishing prospect of the lake and
its shores, crowned on one side by the neighboring hills, and
on the other melting into rich and fertile plains up to the feet
of the pale-blue mountains on their far-off edge.
## p. 12454 (#512) ##########################################
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JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
As evening drew on, I used to come down from the high
ground, and sit on the beach at the water's brink in some hid-
den sheltering-place. There the murmur of the waves and their
agitation charmed all my senses, and drove every other move-
ment away from my soul: they plunged it into delicious dream-
ings, in which I was often surprised by night. The flux and
reflux of the water, its ceaseless stir, swelling and falling at
intervals, striking on ear and sight, made up for the internal
movements which my musings extinguished; they were enough
to give me delight in mere existence, without taking any trouble
of thinking. From time to time arose some passing thought of
the instability of the things of this world, of which the face of
the waters offered an image: but such light impressions were
swiftly effaced in the uniformity of the ceaseless motion, which
rocked me as in a cradle; it held me with such fascination that
even when called at the hour and by the signal appointed, I
could not tear myself away without summoning all my force.
After supper, when the evening was fine, we used to go all
together for a saunter on the terrace, to breathe the freshness
of the air from the lake. We sat down in the arbor,-laughing,
chatting, or singing some old song,- and then we went home to
bed, well pleased with the day, and only craving another that
should be exactly like it on the morrow.
All is a continual flux upon the earth. Nothing in it keeps
a form constant and determinate; our affections-fastening on
external things- necessarily change and pass just as they do.
Ever in front of us or behind us, they recall the past that is
gone, or anticipate a future that in many a case is destined never
to be. There is nothing solid to which the heart can fix itself.
Here we have little more than a pleasure that comes and passes
away; as for the happiness that endures, I cannot tell if it be
so much as known among men. There is hardly in the midst
of our liveliest delights a single instant when the heart could
tell us with real truth, "I would this instant might last forever. "
And how can we give the name of happiness to a fleeting state
that all the time leaves the heart unquiet and void,- that makes
us regret something gone, or still long for something to come?
But if there is a state in which the soul finds a situation
solid enough to comport with perfect repose, and with the ex-
pansion of its whole faculty, without need of calling back the
•
## p. 12455 (#513) ##########################################
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
12455
past or pressing on towards the future; where time is nothing
for it, and the present has no ending; with no mark for its own
duration, and without a trace of succession; without a single
other sense of privation or delight, of pleasure or pain, of desire
or apprehension, than this single sense of existence,- so long
as such a state endures, he who finds himself in it may talk of
bliss, not with a poor, relative, and imperfect happiness such as
people find in the pleasures of life, but with a happiness full,
perfect, and sufficing, that leaves in the soul no conscious unfilled
void. Such a state was many a day mine in my solitary musings
in the isle of St. Peter, either lying in my boat as it floated on
the water, or seated on the banks of the broad lake, or in other
places than the little isle,- on the brink of some broad stream,
or a rivulet murmuring over a gravel bed.
What is it that one enjoys in a situation like this? Nothing
outside of one's self, nothing except one's self and one's own
existence.
But most men, tossed as they are by unceas-
ing passion, have little knowledge of such a state: they taste it
imperfectly for a few moments, and then retain no more than an
obscure confused idea of it, that is too weak to let them feel its
charm. It would not even be good, in the present constitution
of things, that in their eagerness for these gentle ecstasies, they
should fall into a disgust for the active life in which their duty
is prescribed to them by needs that are ever on the increase.
But a wretch cut off from human society, who can do nothing
here below that is useful and good either for himself or for other
people, may in such a state find for all lost human felicities many
recompenses, of which neither fortune nor men can ever rob
·
·
him.
'Tis true that these recompenses cannot be felt by all souls,
nor in all situations. The heart must be in peace, nor any pas-
sion come to trouble its calm. There must be in the surrounding
objects neither absolute repose nor excess of agitation; but a uni-
form and moderated movement, without shock, without interval.
With no movement, life is only a lethargy. If the movement be
unequal or too strong, it awakes us; by recalling us to the objects
around, it destroys the charm of our musing, and plucks us from
within ourselves, instantly to throw us back under the yoke of
fortune and man, in a moment to restore us to all the conscious-
ness of misery. Absolute stillness inclines one to gloom. It
offers an image of death: then the help of a cheerful imagination
## p. 12456 (#514) ##########################################
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JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
is necessary, and presents itself naturally enough to those whom
Heaven has endowed with such a gift. The movement which
does not come from without then stirs within us. The repose is
less complete, it is true; but it is also more agreeable when light
and gentle ideas, without agitating the depths of the soul, only
softly skim the surface. This sort of musing we may taste when-
ever there is tranquillity about us; and I have thought that in
the Bastile, and even in a dungeon where no object struck my
sight, I could have dreamed away many a thrice pleasurable day.
But it must be said that all this came better and more hap-
pily in a fruitful and lonely island, where nothing presented itself
to me save smiling pictures, where nothing recalled saddening
memories, where the fellowship of the few dwellers there was
gentle and obliging, without being exciting enough to busy me
incessantly; where, in short, I was free to surrender myself all
day long to the promptings of my taste or to the most luxurious
indolence.
As I came out from a long and most sweet
musing fit, seeing myself surrounded by verdure and flowers and
birds, and letting my eyes wander far over romantic shores that
fringed a wide expanse of water bright as crystal, I fitted all
these attractive objects into my dreams; and when at last I slowly
recovered myself, and recognized what was about me, I could not
mark the point that cut off dream from reality, so equally did all
things unite to endear to me the lonely retired life I led in this
happy spot! Why can that life not come back to me again?
Why can I not go finish my days in the beloved island, never to
quit it, never again to see in it one dweller from the mainland,
to bring back to me the memory of all the woes of every sort
that they have delighted in heaping on my head for all these
long years? . . Freed from the earthly passions engendered
by the tumult of social life, my soul would many a time lift
itself above this atmosphere, and commune beforehand with the
heavenly intelligences, into whose number it trusts to be ere long
taken.
•
## p. 12457 (#515) ##########################################
12457
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
(1788-1866)
ÜCKERT was not only a great poet and fervid patriot, but a
man of wide learning and solid scholarly attainments. His
knowledge of languages was phenomenal, and his boast that
for him "every language written by men possessed life" was not a
gross exaggeration. His contributions to Oriental studies were volu-
minous and valuable, but they have inevitably been rendered obsolete
or obsolescent by the restless advance of German scholarship; it is
only in the inspired translations from Oriental literatures that we have
results of permanent value. The ultimate
analysis of Rückert's manifold life labors
reveals as the essential and indestructible
part, his poetry. The parallel with Uhland
is obvious. Both were scholars and pio-
neers in their chosen fields; both were act-
ive in the liberal movement in Germany;
both were poets of the first rank, and
have erected poetic monuments of enduring
worth. Uhland was more racy of the Ger-
man soil, and his ballads and lyrics have
the touch of the autochthonous folk-song;
his scholarship was Germanistic. Rückert's
studies were in Oriental fields, and in the
Orient he found much of his poetic mate-
rial; he was more exotic than Uhland, and yet he has left behind a
mass of true German poetry which has endeared him to the hearts
of German children. The still retiracy of wood and garden, nursery
and home, he has sung most movingly. The larger ambitions for a
united fatherland he has expressed most powerfully. That this poetic
productivity, which continued unimpaired to the end of his long life,
should have been but the lounging garment of the German professor
when his talar was laid aside, is a remarkable evidence of the depth
and strength and versatile beauty of Rückert's mind.
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
Friedrich Rückert was born at Schweinfurt on May 16th, 1788. It
was obvious at an early age that the study of philology and asthet-
ics was his vocation, and to these he devoted himself at the Univer-
sity of Würzburg. He became a private teacher, an official tutor, and
"
## p. 12458 (#516) ##########################################
12458
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
eventually a university professor. His life was that of the typical
German scholar; but he retained the freshness of the poet's heart,
and the expression quoted above-"Every language possesses life for
me».
- is characteristic: he infused vitality into all he taught.
-
All poets were patriots in the stirring first years of the nineteenth
century. Rückert's part in the national uprising is represented by
his vigorous 'Geharnischte Sonette' (Sonnets in Armor), and the mar-
tial songs entitled 'Spott- und Ehrenlieder' (Songs of Praise and
Derision). These were published in 'Deutsche Gedichte' (German
Poems) in 1814, under the pseudonym of Freimund Reimar. After
the declaration of peace, Rückert assumed the editorship of Cotta's
Morgenblatt in Stuttgart, and there formed the friendship of Uhland.
In the autumn of 1817 he went to Italy; but Rome did not throw
its powerful enchantment about him as it had around Goethe and
Platen. Rückert stayed but one year. On his return he stopped in
Vienna, where he received invaluable instruction in Persian from the
celebrated Orientalist, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. Thenceforth
the study of the Oriental languages and literatures became his chief
occupation and life task. In 1826 he accepted the Oriental chair at
Erlangen; and in 1841, shortly after the accession of Frederick Wil-
liam IV. , he was called to the University of Berlin. The Frankish
poet was never quite at home in the Prussian capital; but he held
his position till 1848, when he retired definitely to the happy life of
a gardener and scholar at Neuses, near Coburg. In this charming
retreat he had established his poet's-home shortly after his marriage
with Luise Fischer in 1821; there he spent almost without interrup-
tion the last eighteen years of his life, and there he died on January
31st, 1866.
The most important poetic yield of Rückert's Oriental studies was
the book of Oriental lyrics called 'Oestliche Rosen' (Roses of the
East), much admired by Goethe. His translations from the Indian,
Hebrew, Persian, Arabian, and Chinese are permanent enrichments of
the literature of Germany; the writings of Sa'di, Firdausī, and Kāli-
dāsa he has transformed into German classics: and in this sense he
is the greatest and worthiest successor of Herder and Goethe in their
strivings toward the ideal of a universal literature.
Rückert's resources seemed inexhaustible. Ripe wisdom, broad
knowledge, deep sympathy, strong imagination, and absolute mastery
of language and form, were all his. It was not unnatural that his
virtuosity should mislead his Muse into mediocrity at times, but he
says of himself:·
"Had I not written the verse you care nothing about,
The verses that really delight you had ne'er been thought out. "
## p. 12459 (#517) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12459
Several historical plays remain to show that the drama was not
his field. The lyric, the gnomic, the didactic, were his proper ele-
ment. The glowing, joyous love-songs to his fiancée, which he pub-
lished in the year of his marriage under the title of 'Liebesfrühling'
(Springtime of Love), display his lyric quality in its highest degree.
His pure and strong fancy enabled him to give poetic value to the
commonplace and unimportant. The popular 'Haus und Jahreslieder ›
(Songs of the House and Year) show how Rückert was able to bring
the most insignificant and unpromising subjects into poetic relations
with fair and lofty thoughts. The singable quality of his verse was
publicly praised by Goethe, and composers have borne frequent wit-
ness to their appreciation of it by setting the songs to music. Most
famous perhaps is the simple, compact, tender, and untranslatable
'Du bist die Ruh' of Schubert (Thou art Rest). Goethe on his
death-bed repeated Rückert's solemn lines, 'At Midnight. '
But the stores of wisdom and learning which filled the poet's
mind received artistic expression in the finest didactic poem of
German literature, 'Die Weisheit des Brahmanen' (The Brahman's
Wisdom). It contains a wealth of wisdom, wrought into finely fash-
ioned forms. With an artist's eye he could fathom the profound and
gaze at the sublime, and he was able to proclaim his vision with
the awing solemnity of an ancient prophet. With this poem Rückert
established himself permanently in the German heart, into which
he had first entered singing his lays of love and of war. He died
before his lifelong dream of a united Germany had been realized.
He had symbolized this dream in 'Barbarossa,' but had lost hope,
for the ravens of discord and distrust continued still to circle round
the mountain. It was only five years after Rückert's death that a
German emperor was crowned at Versailles.
THE HOUR-GLASS OF ASHES
HEN Torismund, for love of Rosalind,
Consumed to ashes in the flames he fanned,
She did not strew his ashes on the wind,
But gathered it all up with faithful hand;
WHE
And now he serves the child's inventive mind,
Within her hour-glass placed instead of sand:
Glad that through her, he still no peace doth find
In death, who found none in the living's land.
Translation of C. T. Brooks.
## p. 12460 (#518) ##########################################
12460
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
D
AMARYLLIS
O NOT bid me welcome, dearest;
Do not say to me, "Good-by! »
When I come, thy kisses, dearest;
When I go, then breathe a sigh.
Not when coming thou dost see me,
Do I come to thee, my dear:
Ever when I'm parted from thee
Stays my heart behind me here.
Nor when going thou dost see me,
Do I leave the sacred spot:
Dearest, I remain there in the
Chamber, though thou know'st it not.
Translation of Charles Harvey Genung.
SAD SPRING
From the series of sonnets entitled In Memory of Agnes'
"S
WEET Spring is here," I heard men say and sing;
Then went I forth to seek where he might be:
I found the buds on every bush and tree,
But nowhere could I find my darling, Spring.
Birds sang, the bees they hummed, but everything
They sang or hummed was sad as sad could be;
Rills gushed, but all their waves were tears to me;
Suns laughed,—no joy to me their looks could bring.
Nor of my darling could I find a trace,
Till with my pilgrim staff I took my way
To a well-known but long-neglected place,
And there I found him, Spring: near where she lay,
He sate, a beauteous boy, with tearful face,
Like one who weeps above a mother's clay.
Translation of C. T. Brooks.
## p. 12461 (#519) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12461
THE SUN AND THE BROOK
HE Sun he spoke
THE
To the Meadow-Brook,
And said, "I sorely blame you;
Through every nook.
The wild-flower folk
You hunt, as naught could shame you.
What. but the light
Makes them so bright,-
The light from me they borrow?
Yet me you slight,
To get a sight
At them, and I must sorrow!
Ah! pity take
On me, and make
Your smooth breast stiller, clearer;
And as I wake
In the blue sky-lake,
Be thou, O Brook, my mirror! "
The Brook flowed on,
And said anon:
"Good Sun, it should not grieve you,
That as I run
I gaze upon
The motley flowers, and leave you.
You are so great
In your heavenly state,
And they so unpretending,
On you they wait,
And only get
The graces of your lending.
But when the sea
Receiveth me,
From them I must me sever:
I then shall be.
A glass to thee,
Reflecting thee forever. »
Translation of J. S. Dwight.
## p. 12462 (#520) ##########################################
12462
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
THE DYING FLOWER
DIALOGUE BETWEEN A PASSENGER AND A FADING VIOLET
PASSENGER
D'
ROOP not, poor flower! - there's hope for thee:
The spring again will breathe and burn,
And glory robe the kingly tree,
Whose life is in the sun's return;
And once again its buds will chime
Their peal of joy from viewless bells,
Though all the long dark winter-time
They mourned within their dreary cells.
FLOWER
Alas! no kingly tree am I,
No marvel of a thousand years:
I cannot dream a winter by,
And wake with song when spring appears.
At best my life is kin to death;
My little all of being flows
From summer's kiss, from summer's breath,
And sleeps in summer's grave of snows.
PASSENGER
Yet grieve not! Summer may depart,
And beauty seek a brighter home;
But thou, thou bearest in thy heart
The germ of many a life to come.
Mayest lightly reck of autumn storms:
Whate'er thine individual doom,
Thine essence, blent with other forms,
Will still shine out in radiant bloom!
FLOWER
Yes! moons will wane, and bluer skies
Breathe blessing forth for flower and tree;
I know that while the unit dies,
The myriad live immortally:
But shall my soul survive in them?
Shall I be all I was before?
Vain dream! I wither, soul and stem;
I die, and know my place no more!
## p. 12463 (#521) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12463
The sun may lavish life on them;
His light, in summer morns and eves,
May color every dewy gem
That sparkles on their tender leaves:
But this will not avail the dead;
The glory of his wondrous face
Who now rains lustre on my head,
Can only mock my burial-place!
And woe to me, fond foolish one,
To tempt an all-consuming ray!
To think a flower could love the sun,
Nor feel her soul dissolve away!
Oh, could I be what once I was,
How should I shun his fatal beam!
Wrapt in myself, my life should pass
But as a still, dark, painless dream!
But vainly in my bitterness
I speak the language of despair:
In life, in death, I still must bless
The sun, the light, the cradling air!
Mine early love to them I gave;
And now that yon bright orb on high
Illumines but a wider grave,
For them I breathe my final sigh!
How often soared my soul aloft
In balmy bliss too deep to speak,
When Zephyr came and kissed with soft,
Sweet incense breath my blushing cheek!
When beauteous bees and butterflies
Flew round me in the summer beam,
Or when some virgin's glorious eyes
Bent o'er me like a dazzling dream!
Ah, yes! I know myself a birth
Of that All-wise, All-mighty Love,
Which made the flower to bloom on earth,
And sun and stars to burn above;
And if like them I fade and fail,
If I but share the common doom,
Let no lament of mine bewail
My dark descent to Hades's gloom!
Farewell, thou Lamp of this green globe!
Thy light is on my dying face;
## p. 12464 (#522) ##########################################
12464
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
Thy glory tints my faded robe,
And clasps me in a death embrace!
Farewell, thou balsam-dropping spring!
Farewell, ye skies that beam and weep!
Unhoping and unmurmuring,
I bow my head and sink to sleep!
Translation of James Clarence Mangan.
I
NATURE MORE THAN SCIENCE
HAVE a thousand thousand lays,
Compact of myriad myriad words,
And so can sing a million ways,
Can play at pleasure on the chords
Of tunèd harp or heart;
Yet is there one sweet song
For which in vain I pine and long;
I cannot reach that song, with all my minstrel art.
A shepherd sits within a dell,
O'er-canopied from rain and heat;
A shallow but pellucid well
Doth bubble at his feet.
His pipe is but a leaf,
Yet there, above that stream,
He plays and plays, as in a dream,
One air that steals away the senses like a thief.
A simple air it seems, in truth,
And who begins will end it soon;
Yet when that hidden shepherd-youth
So pours it in the ear of Noon,
Tears flow from those anear.
All songs of yours and mine
Condensed in one were less divine
Than that sweet air to sing, that sweet, sweet air to hear!
'Twas yesternoon he played it last;
The hummings of a hundred bees
Were in mine ears, yet as I passed
I heard him through the myrtle-trees.
Stretched all along he lay,
'Mid foliage half decayed;
His lambs were feeding while he played,
And sleepily wore on the stilly summer day.
Translation of James Clarence Mangan.
## p. 12465 (#523) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12465
GREEDINESS PUNISHED
T WAS the cloister Grabow, in the land of Usédom;
IT
For years had God's free goodness to fill its larder come:
They might have been contented!
Along the shore came swimming, to give the monks good cheer
Who dwelt within the cloister, two fishes every year:
They might have been contented!
Two sturgeons-two great fat ones and then this law was set,
That one of them should yearly be taken in a net:
They might have been contented!
The other swam away then until next year came round,
Then with a new companion he punctually was found:
They might have been contented!
So then again they caught one, and served him in the dish,
And regularly caught they, year in, year out, a fish:
They might have been contented!
One year, the time appointed two such great fishes brought,
The question was a hard one, which of them should be caught:
They might have been contented!
They caught them both together, but every greedy wight
Just spoiled his stomach by it; it served the gluttons right:
They might have been contented!
This was the least of sorrows: hear how the cup ran o'er!
Henceforward to the cloister no fish came swimming more:
They might have been contented!
So long had God supplied them of his free grace alone,
That now it is denied them, the fault is all their own:
They might have been contented!
XXI-780
Translation of C. T. Brooks.
## p. 12466 (#524) ##########################################
12466
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
THE PATRIOT'S LAMENT
-
forgest, smith ? »
chains! "-
"We're forging chains; ay,
WHAT
"Alas! to chains yourselves degraded are! "
"What plowest, farmer ? "—"Fields their fruit must bear. ”.
"Yes, seed for foes: the burr for thee remains! "
"What aim'st at, sportsman ? "
"Yonder stag, so fat. ".
"To hunt you down, like stag and roe, they'll try. " -
"What snarest, fisher? " "Yonder fish so shy. ».
"Who's there to save you from your fatal net? ”
-――――
"What art thou rocking, sleepless mother? ” — “Boys. ” —
"Yes: let them grow, and wound their country's fame,
Slaves to her foes, with parricidal arm! ”-
"What art thou writing, poet? " "Words of flame:
I mark my own, record my country's harm,
Whom thought of freedom never more employs. "
-
I blame them not, who with the foreign steel
Tear out our vitals, pierce our inmost heart;
For they are foes created for our smart,
And when they slay us, why they do it, feel.
But in these paths, ye seek what recompense?
For you what brilliant toys of fame are here,
Ye mongrel foes, who lift the sword and spear
Against your country, not for her defense?
Ye Franks, Bavarians, and ye Swabians, say—
Ye aliens, sold to bear the slavish name
What wages for your servitude they pay.
Your eagle may perchance redeem your fame;
More sure his robber train, ye birds of prey,
To coming ages shall prolong your shame!
Translation of C. C. Felton.
-
## p. 12467 (#525) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12467
BARBAROSSA
HE ancient Barbarossa
By magic spell is bound,-
Old Frederic the kaiser,
In castle underground.
THE
The kaiser hath not perished,-
He sleeps an iron sleep;
For in the castle hidden,
He's sunk in slumber deep.
With him the chiefest treasures
Of empire hath he ta'en,
Wherewith in fitting season
He shall appear again.
The kaiser he is sitting
Upon an ivory throne;
Of marble is the table
His head he resteth on.
His beard it is not flaxen:
Like living fire it shines,
And groweth through the table
Whereon his chin reclines.
As in a dream he noddeth;
Then wakes he, heavy-eyed,
And calls, with lifted finger,
A stripling to his side:-
"Dwarf, get thee to the gateway,
And tidings bring, if still
Their course the ancient ravens
Are wheeling round the hill.
"For if the ancient ravens
Are flying still around,
A hundred years to slumber
By magic spell I'm bound. "
Translation by H. W. Dulcken.
## p. 12468 (#526) ##########################################
12468
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
THE DRUM
OH,
H, THE drum - it rattles so loud!
When it calls me with its rattle
To the battle to the battle-
Sounds that once so charmed my ear
I no longer now can hear;
They are all an empty hum,
For the drum —
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
-
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
At the door with tearful eye,
Father, mother, to me cry; —
Father! mother! shut the door!
I can hear you now no more!
Ye might as well be dumb,
For the drum —
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
At the corner of the street,
Where so oft we used to meet,
Stands my bride, and cries, "Ah, woe!
My bridegroom, wilt thou go? »
Dearest bride, the hour is come!
For the drum —
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
My brother in the fight
Bids a last, a long good-night;
And the guns, with knell on knell,
Their tale of warning tell; —
But my ear to that is numb,
For the drum
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
There's no such stirring sound
Is heard the wide world round
As the drum that with its rattle
Echoes Freedom's call to battle!
I fear no martyrdom
While the drum
Oh, the drum-it rattles so loud!
Translation of C. T. Brooks.
## p. 12469 (#527) ##########################################
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
12469
GONE IN THE WIND
SOL
OLOMON! where is thy throne? It is gone in the wind.
Babylon! where is thy might? It is gone in the wind.
Like the swift shadows of noon, like the dreams of the blind,
Vanish the glories and pomps of the earth in the wind.
Man! canst thou build upon aught in the pride of thy mind?
Wisdom will teach thee that nothing can tarry behind;
Though there be thousand bright actions embalmed and enshrined,
Myriads and millions of brighter are snow in the wind.
Solomon! where is thy throne? It is gone in the wind.
Babylon! where is thy might? It is gone in the wind.
All that the genius of man hath achieved or designed
Waits but its hour to be dealt with as dust by the wind.
Say, what is pleasure? A phantom, a mask undefined.
Science? An almond, whereof we can pierce but the rind.
Honor and affluence? Firmans that Fortune hath signed
Only to glitter and pass on the wings of the wind.
Solomon! where is thy throne? It is gone in the wind.
Babylon! where is thy might? It is gone in the wind.
Who is the fortunate? He who in anguish hath pined!
He shall rejoice when his relics are dust in the wind!
Mortal! be careful with what thy best hopes are entwined.
Woe to the miners for truth-where the lampless have mined!
Woe to the seekers on earth for — what none ever find!
They and their trust shall be scattered like leaves on the wind.
-
Solomon! where is thy throne? It is gone in the wind.
Babylon! where is thy might? It is gone in the wind.
Happy in death are they only whose hearts have consigned
All earth's affections and longings and cares to the wind.
Pity thou, reader! the madness of poor human-kind,
Raving of knowledge- and Satan so busy to blind!
Raving of glory-like me;-for the garlands I bind
(Garlands of song) are but gathered, and-strewn in the wind!
Solomon! where is thy throne? It is gone in the wind.
Babylon! where is thy might? It is gone in the wind.
I, Abul-Namez, must rest; for my fire hath declined,
And I hear voices from Hades like bells on the wind.
Translation of James Clarence Mangan.
## p. 12470 (#528) ##########################################
12470
FRIEDRICH RÜCKERT
TOLD BY A BRAHMIN
GⓇ
OLD weighed 'gainst Honor is naught in the scale,-
Hear of an Arab the ancient tale:-
The eye of a robber was set on the steed
That was dearer to him than wife or than creed.
The steed was his joy both day and night,
Her course was as swift as an arrow in flight.
At night she was chained with a chain whose twist
Through the tent-walls went to his sleeping wrist.
But the robber-snake in the douar crept,
While he and the men of his tribe all slept.
He loosened the chain with which she was tied,
He sprang on the mare and loudly cried:-
"Wake, fool, and know that I have thine horse;
Race after, and take her back by force. "
-
The robbed and his tribe race hard behind,
As fast as the simoom's desert wind.
They are neck to croup - he will overtake! —
Like a flash came the thought, "Her fame is at stake.
"If I overtake her she's mine again;
If not, with her robber she will remain.
"Yet ten times rather lose her than she
Should be overmatched, were it even by me. "
To the robber he shouted loud and clear,
"Fool, press your mount in her pricked right ear! "
For that was the spot that he touched at need,—
The secret sign for the mare's full speed.
The robber obeyed, and swift with him
She vanished in dust o'er the desert's rim.
Each man of the tribe turned round to upbraid:-
"Thou hast thyself and thine horse betrayed.
"Thou hast lost the best steed man ever crossed. "
Said he, "Her honor remains unlost!
"Unconquered,-though lost for her honor's sake,
That triumph no robber from me can take. "
Translation of Elizabeth Craigmyle.
## p. 12471 (#529) ##########################################
12471
GIOVANNI DOMENICO RUFFINI
(1807-1881)
-
IOVANNI DOMENICO RUFFINI, conspirator, politician, patriot, is
remembered in none of these characters, - not rare in his
time and country,- but as a novelist; and especially as the
author of one book, 'Dr. Antonio,'—a lovely record of love, patriot-
ism, and despair.
His first story, 'Lorenzo Benoni,' purporting to be a novel, is
really an autobiography; a faithful transcript of his boyhood and life
in Italy between 1818 and 1833, when Piedmont was the stronghold
of despotism, and when Ruffini, who was educated at the university
(he was born in Genoa in 1807), was one of the band of high if tur-
bulent spirits-Mazzini the leader - who joined the "Young Italy»
movement and set up the national standard. 'Lorenzo' in one way
merited the attention accorded it in the first reviews of the day. It
fell at a lucky moment, and was filled with Italian politics, then at
their most interesting moment. To the modern reader its sole inter-
est is in one unique quality: the naïve expression of a conspirator's
life, its futility, its childishness, its splendid courage, its duplicity,
its high motives, and the stage tricks used to elevate it as the
author unconsciously betrays. The minute details of Italian school
life are faithful enough; but a pedagogue is a pedagogue the world
over, and his portrait can never be a novel one.
Ruffini fled to France in 1833, and afterwards to England, where
he studied the language with such assiduity that it is hard to believe
that the tongue in which he wrote is not his own. On the promul-
gation of the constitution of 1848 he re-entered Italian politics, and
was deputy from Taggia, the little Riviera town which was to achieve
romantic distinction as the scene of Dr. Antonio. ' Charles Albert
appointed him Sardinian minister to France; but the battle of Novara
having resulted in the abdication of the King and his own exile, he
returned to London, and wrote a series of novels depicting Italian
life during the revolutions of 1833 and 1848. Lavinia,' 'Paragreens,'
'Carlino,' and 'Vincenzo' have the single merit of so portraying
the fortunes of commonplace men and women, that the foreigner is
able to understand their temper and social opportunity. Between the
gloomy 'Lorenzo Benoni' and the other unremarkable stories that
## p. 12472 (#530) ##########################################
12472
GIOVANNI DOMENICO RUFFINI
follow, Dr. Antonio' shines out an almost flawless jewel among a
handful of smooth pebbles.
Ruffini spent his peaceful age in Taggia, and died there in 1881.
'Dr. Antonio,' published in 1855, is written in a style as far as
possible from the modern manner. The author does not fill his can-
vas with figures, and then stand off, a dispassionate observer, to see
how they look and move. He is frankly the partisan, the protector,
of his hero and heroine; and prodigal in gifts to them of beauty,
character, and charm. He crowns his Lucy with golden hair, his
Antonio with dark curls, the one the complement of the other. His
language is old-fashioned; and through his limpid sentences walk
"Lucy the fair," "Antonio the noble. » The story rests on supports
which, though firm, are slender. Lucy Davenne, a young English
girl, accompanied by her father, an insular, prejudiced, wealthy baro-
net, traveling by carriage along the Cornice road, is overturned at a
dangerous pass and seriously injured.
