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IPHIGENEIA.
and even gave his daughter in marriage to Menes- | him by a prosecution. We do not know at what
theus, the son of Iphicrates by the daughter of period this case was tried ; but it was probably in
Cotys. Rehdantz (vi. & 7) supposes the word B. C. 371, after the return of Iphicrates from the
fevias to be used with reference to the threatened Ionian Sea (Dem. c. Arist. p. 663_665; Plut
prosecution in a wide sense and with pretty nearly Apoph. Iph. 5 ; Arist. Rhet. ii. 23. SS 6,8 ;
the meaning of apodoolas ; but it may have been Pseudo-Plut. Vit. X. Orat. Lys. ad fin. ; Rebdantz,
adopted to imply that Iphicrates had made himself vi. & 2. ) If the Athenians had a strong sense of
in fact an alien, and had no longer any claim to his value, lie appears on his part to have presumed
the privileges of Athenian citizenship. Iphicrates, upon it not a little. He had also, however, in all
however, would not go so far as to assist Cotys in probability, a strong party in Athens (for his
taking the towns which were actually in the pos- friendly connection with Lysias see above), and
session of the Athenians; and feeling that his the circumstances of the times would always throw
refusal made his residence in his father-in-law's considerable power into the hands of a leader of
dominions no longer safe, while, from his previous mercenary troops.
[E. E. )
conduct, a return to Athens would be equally dan- IPHICRATES ('10. xpárns), a son of the above,
gerous, he withdrew to Antissa first, and thence was one of the ambassadors sent from Greece to
to the city (Apūs) which he had himself built. Dareius Codomannus. With his colleagues he fell
(Dem. c. T'im. p. 1204, c. Arist. pp. 663, 664, 673, into the hands of Parmenion, at Damascus, after
&c. ; Nep. Iph. 3. ) After the death of Chabrias, the battle of Issus (B. C. 333). Alexander treated
Iphicrates, Timotheus, and Menestheus were joined him honourably, from a wish to conciliate the
with Chares as commanders in the Social War, Athenians as well as from respect to his father's
and were prosecuted by their unscrupulous col- memory: and on his death (wbich was a natural
league, either because they had refused to risk an one) he sent his bones to his relatives at Athens.
engagement (for which he was anxious) in a storm, (Arr. Anab. i. 15 ; Curt. iii. 10. ) (E. E. )
or because he wished to screen himself from the IPHICRATES, statuary. [AMPHICRATES. ]
consequences of his own rashness in actually en- IPHI'DAMAS ('1pidáuas). 1. A son of Bu-
gaging (CHARES). The prosecution was conducted siris, whom Heracles ordered to be put to death
by Aristophon, the Azenian. Iphicrates and his together with his father. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod.
son were brought to trial first, and appear to have iv. 1396. ) Apollodorus (ii. 5. § 11) calls him
endeavoured to shift the danger from Timotheus Amphidamas.
by taking all the responsibility on themselves. 2. A Trojan hero, a son of Antenor and Theano,
According to the author of the lives of the Ten the daughter of Cisseus. He was a brother of
Orators (Lys. ad fin. ), the speech in which Iphi- Coon, together with whom he was slain by Aga-
crates defended himself was written for him by memnon in the Trojan war. (Hom. Il. xi. 221,
Lysias ; but the soldierlike boldness of the oration, &c. ; Paus. iv. 36. & 2. )
as described by Dionysius (de Lys. p. 480), and 3. A son of Aleus (Orph. Arg. 148), but he is
exemplified in the extract given by Aristotle (Rhet. commonly called Amphidamas. [L. S. )
ii. 23, $ 7), seems to show that the accused was IPHIGENEIA ('ldigevela), according to the
probably himself the author of it. He does not most common tradition, a daughter of Agamemnon
seem, however, to have trusted entirely either to and Clytaemnestra (Hygin. Fub. 98), but, accord-
his eloquence or to the justice of his cause, for we ing to others, a daughter of Theseus and Helena,
hear that he introduced into the court a body of and brought up by Clytaemnestra only as a foster-
partisans armed with daggers, and that he himself child. (Anton. Lib. 27 ; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 183. )
took care that the judges should see his sword Agamemnon had once killed a stag in the grove of
during the trial. He and Menestheus were ac- Artemis, or had boasted that the goddess herself
quitted: Timotheus was arraigned afterwards, pro- could not hit better, or, according to another story,
bably in the following year (B. C. 354), and con- in the year in which Iphigeneia was born, he had
demned to a heavy fine. From the period of his vowed to sacrifice the most beautiful thing which
trial Iphicrates seems to have lived quietly at that year might produce, but had afterwards
Athens. The exact date of his death is not known, neglected to fulfil his vow. Either of these cir-
but Demosthenes (c. Veid. p. 534) speaks of him cumstances is said to have been the cause of the
as no longer alive at that time (B. C. 348). (Diod. calm which detained the Greek fleet in the port of
xvi. 21 ; Nep. Iph. 3, Tim. 3 ; Deinarch. c. Philocl. | Aulis, when the Greeks wanted to sail against
p. 110; Polyaen. iii. 9 ; Arist. Rhet. iii. 10, $ 7; Troy. The seer Calchas, or, according to others,
Quint. v. 10, § 12 ; Senec. Exc. Cat. vi. 5; Isocr. the Delphic oracle, declared that the sacrifice of
tepl’Artið. $ 137 ; Rehdantz, vii. $ 7. )
Iphigeneia was the only means of propitiating
Iphicrates has been commended for his combined Artemis. Agamemnon at first resisted the com-
prudence and energy as a general. The worst mand, but the entreaties of Menelaus at length
words, he said, that a commander could utter were, prevailed upon him to give way, and he consented
“ I should not have expected it,”.
to Iphigeneia being fetched by Odyszeus and Dio-
Bóknoa. (Plut. Apoph. Iph. 2 ; Dem. Prooem. p. medes, under the pretext that she was to be married
1457 ; Polyaen. iii. 9. ). Like Chabrias and Chares, to Achilles. When Iphigeneia had arrived, and
he was fond of residing abroad (Theopomp. ap. was on the point of being sacrificed, Artemis
Athen. xii. p. 532, b), and we have seen that he carried her in a cloud to Tauris, where she was
did not allow considerations of patriotism to stand made to serve the goddess as her priestess, while a
in the way of his advancement by a foreign service stag, or, according to others, a she-bear, a bull, or
and alliance. Yet we do not find the Athenians an old woman, was substituted in her place and
depriving him of the almost unprecedented honours sacrificed. (Eurip. Iphig. Taur. 10—30, 783,
with which they had loaded him, and of which one Iphig. Aul. 1540, &c. ; Welcker, Die Aeschyl,
Harmodius (a descendant, it seems, of the mur- Trilog. p. 408, &c. ; Suid. s. v. levdepós. ) Accord-
derer of Hipparchus) had endeavoured to striping to Dictys Cretensis (i. 19, &c. ), Iphigeneia
- ουκ αν προσε-


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IPHIGENEIA.
619
IPHIS.
was saved in a peal of thunder by the voice of Ar- that the Taurians considered the goddess to whom
temis and the interference of Achilles, who had they offered sacrifices, to be Iphigeneia, the daughter
been gained over by Clytaemnestra, and sent of Agamemnon. From these and other circum-
Iphigeneia to Scythia. Tzetzes (l. c. ) even states stances, it has been inferred that Iphigeneia was
that Achilles was actually married to her, and be originally not only a priestess of Artemis, or a
came by her the father of Pyrrhus.
heroine, but an attribute of Artemis, or Artemis
While Iphigeneia was serving Artemis as priest- herself. For further explanations, see Kanne,
ess in Tauris, her brother Orestes, on the advice of Mythol. p. 115, &c. ; Müller, Dor. ii. 9. § 6;
an oracle, formed the plan of fetching the image of Schwenk, Etym. Mythol. Andeut. p. 218; G. Meyer,
Artemis in Tauris, which was believed once to De Diana Taurica Dissert. Berlin, 1835. (L.
s)
have fallen from heaven, and of carrying it to Attica. IPHIMEDEIA or IPHIMEDE ('loquédeca,
(Eurip. Iph. Taur. 79, &c. ) When Orestes, ac- | 'loquéon), a daughter of Triops, and the wife of
companied by Pylades, arrived in Tauris, he was, Aloeus. Being in love with Poseidon, she often
according to the custom of the country, to be sacri- walked to the sea, and collected its waters in her
ficed in the temple of the goddess. But Iphigeneia lap, whence she became, by Poseidon, the mother
recognised her brother, and fled with him and the of the Aloadae, Otus and Ephialtes. When Iphi-
statue of the goddess. Some say that Thoas, king medeia and her daughter, Pancratis, celebrated the
of Tauris, was previously murdered by the fugi: orgies of Dionysus on Mount Drius, they were
tives. (Hygin. Fab. 121; Serv. ad Aen. ii. 116. ) carried off by Thracian pirates to Naxos or Stron-
In the meantime Electra, another sister of Orestes, gyle; but both were delivered by the Aloadae.
had heard that he had been sacrificed in Tauris by The tomb of Iphimedeia and her sons was shown
the priestess of Artemis, and, in order to ascertain at Anthedon. She was worshipped as a heroine at
the truth of the report, she travelled to Delphi, Mylasia in Caria, and was represented by Poly-
where she met Iphigeneia, and was informed that gnotus in the Lesche at Delphi. (Hom. Od. xi.
she had murdered Orestes. Electra therefore re- 304; Apollod. i. 7. 4; Diod. v. 50 ; Hygin.
solved on putting Iphigeneia's eyes out, but was Fab. 28; Paus. ix. 22. § 5, 1. 28. in fin. ; Pind.
prevented by the interference of Orestes, and a Pyth. vii. 89. )
(L. S. )
scene of recognition took place. All now returned IPHIMEDON ('loquédwr), a son of Eurys-
to Mycenae ; but Iphigeneia carried the statue of theus, who fell in the battle against the Hera-
Artemis to the Attic town of Brauron near Mara- cleidae. (Apollod. ii. 8. $ 1. )
(L. S. )
thon. She there died as priestess of the goddess. IPHI'NOE ('lo. vón). 1. A daughter of Proe-
As a daughter of Theseus she was connected tus and Stheneboea. (Apollod. ii. 2. § 2. )
with the heroic families of Attica, and after her 2. The wife of Metion, and mother of Daedalus.
death the veils and most costly garments which (Schol. ad Soph. Oed. Col. 468. )
had been worn by women who had died in child- 3. A daughter of Nisus, and the wife of Mega-
birth were offered up to her. (Eurip. Iph. Taur. reus. (Paus. i. 39, in fin. )
1464 ; Diod. iv. 44, &c. ; Paus. i. 33. ) Pausanias 4. A daughter of Alcathous, who died a virgin.
(i. 43), however, speaks her tomb and heroum The women of Megara previous to their marriage
at Megara, whereas other traditions stated that offered to her a funeral sacrifice, and dedicated a
Iphigeneia had not died at all, but had been lock of hair to her. (Paus. i. 43. $ 4. )
changed by Artemis into Hecate, or that she was 5. One of the Lemnian women who received the
endowed by the goddess with immortality and Argonauts on their arrival in Lemnos. (Apollon.
eternal youth, and under the name of Oreilochia Rhod. i. 702 ; Val. Flacc. ii. 162, 327. ) [L. S. )
she became the wife of Achilles in the island of IPHION ('lolwv) of Corinth, a painter, who is
Leuce. (Anton. Lib. 27. ) The Lacedaemonians, only known by two epigrams, which are ascribed,
on the other hand, maintained that the carved on doubtful grounds, to Simonides. (Anth. Pal.
image of Artemis, which Iphigeneia and Orestes | ix. 757, xiii. 17; Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 142, No.
had carried away from Tauris, existed at Sparta, 85, 86. )
(P. S. )
and was worshipped there in Limnaeon under the IPHIS (*Iqıs). 1. A son of Alector, and a
name of Artemis Orthia. (Paus. iii. 16. ) The descendant of Megapenthes, the son of Proetus.
worship of this goddess in Attica and Lacedaemon He was king of Argos, and from him were descended
is of great importance. At Sparta her image was Eteoclus and Evadne, the wiſe of Capaneus. (Paus.
said to have been found in a bush, and to have ii. 18. $ 4, x. 10. 9 2 ; Apollod. iii. 7. $ 1; Schol.
thrown the beholders into a state of madness ; and ad Pind. Ol. vi. 46. ) He advised Polyneices to
once, as at the celebration of her festival, a quarrel | induce Amphiaraus to take part in the expedition
arose which ended in bloodshed, an oracle com- | against Thebes, by giving the famous necklace to Eri-
manded that in future human sacrifices should be phyle. (Apollod. iii. 6. & 2. ) As he lost his two
offered to her. Lycurgus, however, is said to have children, he left his kingdom to Sthenelus, the son
abolished these sacrifices, and to have introduced of Capaneus. (Paus. ii. 18. § 4; Eurip. Supple
in their stead the scourging of youths. (Paus. iii. 1034, &c. )
16. § 6; Dict. of Antiq. s. 0. Diamastigosis. ) 2. A son of Sthenelus, and brother of Eurys-
That in Attica, also, human sacrifices were offered theus, was one of the Argonauts who fell in the
to her, at least in early times, may be inferred battle with Aeetes. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iv.
from the fact of its being customary to shed some 223; Val. Flacc. i. 441; Diod. iv. 48, with Wes-
human blood in the worship instituted there in seling's note. )
honour of Orestes. (Eurip. Iph. Taur. 1446, &c. ) 3. [ANAXARETE. )
(L. S. )
Now, as regards the explanation of the mythus IPHIS (*1915). 1. One of the daughters of
of Iphigeneia, we are informed by Pausanias (ii. Thespius, by whom Heracles became the father of
35. § 2) that Artemis had a temple at Hermione, Celeustanor. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 8. )
under the surname of Iphigeneia ; and the same 2. The beloved of Patroclus, of the island of
author (vii. 26) and Herodotus (iv. 103) tell us, Scyros. (Hom. Il. ix. 667; Philostr. Her. 10.