BEAT
GENERATION
IN NEW YORK Mrabet, Mohammed.
Blackshirts-and-Reds-by-Michael-Parenti
It requires economical consumption rather than an artificially stimulated, ever-expanding consumerism.
It calls for natural, low-cost energy systems rather than profitable, high-cost, polluting ones.
Ecology's implications for capitalism are too horren- dous for the capitalist to contemplate.
Those in the higher circles, who once hired Blackshirts to destroy
? 160 ? LACKS? JRTS AND REDS
democracy out of fear that their class interests were threatened, have no trouble doing the same against "eco-terrorists. " Those who have waged merciless war against the Reds have no trouble making war against the Greens. Those who have brought us poverty wages, exploitation, unemployment, homelessness, urban decay, and other oppressive economic conditions are not too troubled about bringing us ecological crisis. The plutocrats are more wedded to their wealth than to the Earth upon which they live, more concerned with the fate of their fortunes than with the fate of the planet. 13
The struggle over environmentalism is part of the class struggle itself, a fact that seems to have escaped many environmentalists. The impending eco-apocalypse is a class act. It has been created by and for the benefit of the few, at the expense of the many. The trouble is, this time the class act may take all of us down, once and forever.
In the relationship between wealth and power, what is at stake is not only economic justice, but democracy itself and the survival of the biosphere. Unfortunately, the struggle for democracy and eco- logical sanity is not likely to be advanced by trendy, jargonized, ABC theorists who treat class as an outmoded concept and who seem ready to consider anything but the realities of capitalist power. In this they are little different from the dominant ideology they profess to oppose. They are the ones who need to get back on this planet.
The only countervailing force that might eventually turn things in a better direction is an informed and mobilized citizenry. Whatever their shortcomings, the people are our best hope. Indeed, we are they. Whether or not the ruling circles still wear blackshirts, and whether or not their opponents are Reds, la lutta continua, the strug- gle continues, today, tomorrow, and through all history.
13 In June 1996, speaking at a U. N. conference in Istanbul, Turkey, Fidel Castro noted: "Those who have almost destroyed the planet and poisoned the air, the seas, the rivers and the earth are those who are least interested in saving humanity. "
? Index
Czech and Slovak republics, 83, 97-99, 101, 106; in Macedonia, 102; in
Mongolia, 85, 107-108; myth of U. S. superiority, 67, 69-71; in Poland, 71- 72, 77, 88, 95, 101, 110, 112, 118; restoration in Eastern Europe, 57, 72- 74, 76, 87-88, 106-107; in USSR, 71- 74, 76, 88-91, 96, 104, 106, 108, 116; in Vietnam, 66, 87, 106, 109
Castro, Fidel, 39, 53, 67,160 Castro, Raul, 63
Ceausescu, Nicolae, 77 Chamberlain, Neville, 18 Chase National Bank, 19 Cherney, Darryl, 156
Child labor, 7, 36-37, 109, 124, 137-138 Children, 25, 84-85, 99,108-109,114-
116
Chernobyl, 39
China, 18, 23-26, 29, 33, 57, 66, 84-85,
87, 92, 106, 109, 128
Chinese Revolution, 36 Chomsky, Avi, 109
Chomsky, Noam, 17, 42, 46, 120 Churchill, Winston, 78, 80
CIA, 20, 24, 28, 76, 82-83, 93, 119 Class; and anticlass ideology, 141-144;
and ecology, 154-160; rejection by
Left, 144-149
Class struggle, 149-152
Clinton, Bill, 129
Codevilla, Angelo, 8
Cohen, Stephen, 55, 77-78
Colby, William, 24
Cold war, 20, 31, 41, 43, 76, 85, 99, 104 Communism; accomplishments of, 26,
45, 67, 84-85; economic deficiencies of, 59-65; economic democracy, 26; resurgence of, 118-120
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 43
Corporate welfarism, 1, 3-4, 6-8, 10-11 Cossacks, 78
Crimean Tarters, 78
Cuba, 23,26-27,34, 36, 38-39, 45-46, 50,
63,67, 81-82,85,87,98,109,128; social and economic conditions in, 23, 27, 34, 36, 38-40, 67; U. S. blockade of, 67
Cuban Revolution, 36, 38-39, 67 Czechoslovakia, 73, 97-100, 119
A
Abeywickrama, K. L. , 108
Abs, Hermann, 19
Afghanistan, 25, 35, 93
AFL-CIO, 76, 93
African National Congress (ANC), 33,45 African-Americans, 42
Agribusiness, 3-4, 7
Agriculture, 25, 61, 63, 101-103 Aidzerdzis, Andrei, 90
Al-Kurdi, Husayn, 17, 47
Albania, 85, 94
Algerian revolution, 36
Almirante, Giorgio, 20
Americans for Democratic Action
(ADA), 43
Anarchism, 54
Andropov, Yuri, 49 Anti-Semitism, 6, 16, 95-96 Aronowitz, Stanley, 144-145 Aronson, Ronald, 145 Auschwitz, 19
?
Bao Dai, 36
Bari, Judi, 156
Batista, Ruben Fulgencio, 38
Bay of Pigs, 34
Berlusconi, Silvio, 21
Bilenkin, Vladimir, 106, 110 Blackshirts, 2-3, 10, 18, 159-160 Bolshevik revolution, 8, 17,47, 55 Blum, William, 94
Bookchin, Murray, 45
Borsage, Robert, 81
Boxer Rebellion, 23
Brezhnev, Leonid, 49, 116
British Petroleum, 111
Brooks, David, 69
Brown shirts, 4, 14
Bulgaria, 45, 85, 94, 102, 107, 110, 118 Bu? rbach, Roger, 56
Bush, George, 20, 25, 34, 71, 98, 129 Buthelezi, Mangosutho, 33
C
Capitalism; in Albania, 94-95; in
Bulgaria, 94, 102, 107, 110, 118; in
161
? 162 INDEX
D
de Kock, Eugene, 33
Deane, Hugh, 18
Democratic party and anticommunism,
48-49
Derrida, Jacques, 145 Diem, Ngo Dinh, 36 Domenico, Roy Palmer, 18 Dominican Republic, 23 Dowd, Doug, 140
DuPont, 19
Dutt, R. Palme, 2-3
E
Eastern Europe, socialism in, 49-52,65, 85, 115, 118-120
Ebenstein, William, 17
Ecology, and capitalism, 154-160 Ehrenberg, John, 48
Endangered Species Act, 157
Engels, Frederick, 54
Environmental Protection Agency, 156 Estonia, 93, 115, 118
European Union, 95
F
Family values, 16
Farben, I. G. , 9, 19
Fasci di combattimento, 2
Fascism (in Italy); collaboration with
U. S. businesses, 10, 19; cooperation with the West, 17-22; ideology of, 11-
12; labor unions in, 3; popular opposition, 6, 9; taxes, 7; unemploy- ment, 7; working conditions in, 6
Fascism (in Nazi Germany); collabora- tion with capitalism, 4, 8-10, 19; collaboration with the West, 17-22; collaboration with U. S. businesses, 10,
19; homophobia, 14-16; ideology of, 11-17; monist values, 12; popular opposition, 6, 9; racial supremacy, 14-16; taxes, 7; unemployment, 7;
working conditions in, 6 Faulkner, Mike, 38
F. B. I, 48, 156
Febbo, Tony, 52
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) [West Germany], 19-20, 66, 82-83,
96, 103
Federazione Industriale, 4
Fertig, Howard, 2 Feurerprinzip, 11 Fiske, Klaus, 83
Ford Foundation, 76 Ford, Henry, 10, 19, 76 Forza Italia, 21
Foster, John Bellamy, 35, 146
Franco, Francisco, 1, 8, 48
Free Congress Foundation, 93-94 Free market, 22, 28, 31, 33, 37, 58, 72,
88, 102-103, 106, 118, 138 Free-market reforms; and the arts, 113;
and books, 113; and corruption, 111; and education, 113; employment, 108- 111; and media, 114; and women and children, 114
G
Gamsakhurdia, Zviad, 93
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade), 37, 144
Gelb, Bruce, 105
Gemeinschaft, 124
General Motors, 19
Genovese, Eugene, 8
German Democratic Republic (GDR)
[East Germany], 19, 45, 49, 64-67, 82- 83, 93, 96, 101, 103-104, 107, 112-113, 117-118;
Germany and socialism, 49-50 Gervasi, Sean, 93
Getty, J. Arch, 79
Giannini, A. P. , 10
Gingrich, Newt, 22 GLADIO, 20
Global warming, 155, 158 Glasnost, 72-73
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 60, 88-89 Goring, Hermann, 11, 19 Gramsci, Antonio, 147, 149 Green, Mark, 44, 58, 156 Greens, 160
Gregor, A. James, 15-16 Guatemala, 25, 33, 50 Guerin, Daniel, 2 Gulag, 78-83
Gulf War, 98
H
Havel, Vaclav, 83, 97-99 Hearst, William Randolph, 11
? Heilbroner, Robert, 37, 126 Heritage Foundation, 39 Heymann, Helene, 83 Higham, Charles, 10, 19 Himmler, Heinrich, 15 Hiroshima, 48
Kuznets, Simon, 8
Ky, Nguyen Cao, 35-36
L
Labor, conditions of, 6-7
Labor unions, Left purges, 43
Laclau, Ernesto, 146
Lane, Mark, 24
Latvia, 93, 107
Lebed, Aleksandr, 96
Lenin, Vladimir, 46-48, 53-55, 121, 147 Levins, Richard, 58
Libya, 27
Lichtman, Richard, 57
Licio Gelli, 20
Lithuania, 6, 85, 93, 95, 118
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 20, 35
Lottman, Herbert, 18
Lourie, Richard, 77
Lukashenko, Alexander, 97
M
MacColl, Gail, 44
MacDonald, Theodore, 39 Maikovskis, Boleslavs, 20 Mandela, Nelson, 34, 45
March on Rome, 4
March, Joan, 8
Mariam, Mengitsu Haile, 93 Martemyanov, Valentin, 90
Marx, Karl, and Capital, 128-129,
136-140, 145-150, 154
Marxism, as holistic science, 132-140;
postulates of, 122-124; and prediction, 125-129
McChesney, Robert, 145
Mclntyre, Robert, 103
McKinley, William, 23
Medvedev, Roy, 77
Michel, Louise, 54
Miller, Robert Carl, 19
Minh, Ho Chi, 53
Mongolia, 50, 85, 107-108
Mosse, George, 13
Mouffe, Chantal, 146
Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), 19-21 Mugabe, Robert, 53
Muller, Ingo, 18
Multinational corporations, 27, 100,
137-138, 159
Mussolini, Benito, 1-4, 6-7, 9-12
Hitler, Adolph, 1-2, 4-12, 14, 16, 18-19, 21,83, 97
Hobsbawm, Eric, 8
Hochschild, Adam, 43, 80
Holocaust, 18, 25, 130
Homophobia, 14-16, 151
Honecker, Erich, 82
Hoover Institute, 8
Howe, Irving, 122
Hugo, Victor (Les Mise? rables), ix Hungary, 6, 72, 85, 95-96, 102, 106-107,
110, 112, 118 Huntington, Samuel P. , 33
I
India, 30, 50
Indonesia, 25, 33, 50, 70, 77, 98, 120,
137-138
Industrial Revolution, 37 International Monetary Fund (IMF),
31,39,91,101-102
Iraq, 25, 34, 39, 120
Israel, 104
Italian Communist Party, 4, 21, 147-148 ;ITT, 19
Jackson, T. J. , 147
Jankowski, Father Henryk, 95 Jorst, Hans (Schlageter), 12 Judis, John, 146
?
Kagarlitsky, Boris, 89
Kattau, Thomas, 116
Kennan, George, 32
Kerala (India), 30
Kessler, Heinz, 118
Kholodov, Dmitri, 90
King, Jr. , Martin Luther, 34, 54, 98 Kirkpatrick, Jean, 33
Kissinger, Henry, 19 Koestler, Arthur, 77 Kozyrev, Andrey, 70 Krupp, Adolph, 9 Kuomintang, 25, 84
INDEX 163
? 164 INDEX
? R
National Alliance (Italy), 21
National Endowment for Democracy,
76, 93-94
National Liberation Front, 34
National Socialist party (Nazi party), 4,
9, 16, 19 (see also Nazism, Fascism in
Nazi Germany)
NATO, 20
Navarro, Vicente, 8
Nazism, 2, 5, 10, 14-15, 95 (see also
National Socialist party, Fascism in
Nazi Germany)
Neo-fascism in Italy, 20-22 Neumann, Franz, 2
Nicaragua, 23, 25-26, 53, 57, 94, 128 Nigeria, 156
NKVD Archives, 80
Nixon, Richard, 20, 156
North Korea, 27, 39, 85, 87 Nuremberg, 18, 82
?
Oilman, Berteli, 147 Omon troops, 90
Ordine Nuovo, 20
Ortega, Daniel, 53
Orth, Maureen, 117 Orwell, George, 44
Ozone depletion, 155, 158
?
Panama, 25, 34,120
Perestroika, 74
Perm 35, 81
Pew Charitable Trusts, 76
Phelps, Christopher, 147
Philippines, 18, 23, 98
Phoenix Program, 24
Piccone, Paul, 147
Pinochet, Gen. Augusto, 33, 70, 96,98 Poland, 64-65, 71-72, 77, 83, 85, 88, 95,
101, 108, 110, 112, 118; solidarity, 71,
77, 96
Pollution, 106, 118, 155, 158
Pool, James and Suzanne, 2, 10, 49 Pope John Paul II, 20
Pope, Generoso, 10
Prieto, Alberto, 81
Radio Free Europe, 99
Radio Liberty, 99
Radosh, Ronald, 43
Ramachandran, V. K. , 30
Randolph, Eleanor, 11, 107
Reactionism, 68-72
Reagan, Ronald, 20,25,44,69, 71,81,129 Red Cross, 117
Red Menace, 6, 25
Red-baiting, 44
Reder, Walter, 20
Refusniks, 81
Reston, James, 35
Revolution and decentralization, 53 Rittersporn, Gabor, 79
Rockefeller Brothers Fund, 76 Rockefeller, David, 19 Roehm, Ernst, 14-15 Rohatyn, Felix, 151 Rosemont, Jr. , Henry, 84 Rosenberg, Alfred, 11 Rosenthal, A. M. , 151
Rubies, Alfreds, 93
Rumania, 6, 77, 85, 95, 101, 107-108 Rusher, William, 77
Russia, 23, 26, 29, 37, 44,53-54, 56, 58,
84-85, 88-89, 91-93, 95, 100-101, 106- 107, 109-116, 118, 120, 128; and Yeltsin coup of 1993, 106; crime in, 111-112; healthcare in, 107; homeless- ness in, 108; poverty in, 110-120
SA (Sturmabteilung); storm troopers, 4-5, 14-16
Sabato, Larry, 91
Sakharov, Andrei, 69-70, 81 Salvemini, Gaetano, 2 Schwarzwaeller, Wulf, 9
Scott, John, 56
Selassie, Haile, 93
Shames, Carl, 52
Shatunovskaia, Olga, 77
Shell Oil, 111
Smith Act, 48
Socialism; pure socialism, vs. siege
socialism, 49, 53, 56, 59, 74-75 Socialist Union of Youth, 99 Socialist Workers Party (SWP), 48
S
? Sokal, Alan, 145
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 81
South African Inkatha Freedom Party, 33 South Korea, 18, 50,128
South Vietnam, 24, 34-35
Spain, 6, 8, 54
Squadristi, 44
SS, 4,9 15-16, 19, 80
Stalin, Joseph, 44-46, 55-57, 60, 76-81,
83-85, 116
Stent, Angela, 116
Stephan, Miroslav, 83
Stone, I. F. , 70
Storm troopers (see SA, Sturmabteilung) Strasser, Gregor, 15
Suharot, 70
Sweden, 74
?
Terrorism, 24, 28, 82-83, 93; and the CIA, 20
Thaelmann, Ernst, 5
Third World, 22, 27-28, 30-32, 37-39,
46, 48, 57, 70, 84, 100, 113, 119-120, 127, 131, 135
and the gulag, 77-81; multinational corporations and, 100
y
Vietnam, 24, 26, 29, 34, 48, 66,69, 87,
106,109, 128; North Vietnam, 34;
South Vietnam, 24, 34
Vietnam War, 24-25, 48, 69
Von Hindenburg, Field Marshall, 5, 9
W
Walsea, Lech, 71, 77, 95 Weimar Republic, 4
White Guard, 78, 80
Windsor, Duke 8c Duchess, 10 Wiwa, Ken Saro, 156
Wolf, Leon, 23
Women, 25, 33, 36, 40, 43, 69, 71, 73-
74, 76, 87-89, 91, 93-95, 97-99, 101- 109, 111-113, 114-119, 131, 138; in Afghanastan, 35-36; in Cuba, 35-36;
in South Yemen, 35-36; under
fascism, 15
Wood, Ellen Meiksins, 146
World Bank, 91
World War 1,2-3
World War II, 18-19, 24, 44, 79-80, 83-
85, 95, 107, 129 Worsley, Peter, 128 Wrzodak, Zygmunt, 71
y
Yemen, 35, 93, 96 Yugoslavia, 96-97, 102
?
Zaire, 25, 33, 50, 77,120, 132 Zemskov, Victor, 79
ZiL; privatization of, 101-102 Zyuganov, Gennadi, 91
Thomas, Edith, 54, 116 Togliatti, Palmiro, 2 Trotsky, Leon, 55 Turkey, 25, 33, 120, 160
U
Ukraine, 95, 107
Union of South Africa, 25, 33-34, 45, 128 U. S. Agency for International
Development, 101
United Nations, 25, 82
United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization, 25
United States; anticommunism, 25, 41,
43-47; counterrevolutionary activities, 23-35; foreign policy, 23, 25, 27, 31- 34; national security state, 31-34; Nazi-war criminals, 20; poverty, 130- 131, torture, 37, 81
United States Information Agency, 105 U. S. S. R. ; Great Purges of 1939, 79; and socialism, 42, 49-58, 72-75, 85, 93;
German invasion of, 56; suppression of the Left, 87-94; free-market reforms, 94-97; Nazi invasion of, 56; overthrow of Communism, 76-77;
INDEX 165
? ABOUT THE AUTHOR
MICHAEL PARENTI is considered one of the nations leading progressive thinkers. He received his Ph. D. in political science from Yale University in 1962, and has taught at a number of colleges and universities. His writings have been featured in scholarly journals, popular periodicals, and newspapers, and have been translated into Spanish, Chinese, Polish, Portuguese, Japanese, and Turkish.
Dr. Parenti lectures around the country on college campuses and before religious, labor, community, peace, and public interest groups. He has appeared on radio and television talk shows to dis- cuss current issues or ideas from his published works. Tapes of his talks have played on numerous radio stations to enthusiastic audi- ences. Audio and video tapes of his talks are sold on a not-for-profit basis; for a listing, contact People s Video, P. O. Box 99514, Seattle WA 98199; tel. 206 789-5371. Dr. Parenti lives in Berkeley, California.
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? 160 ? LACKS? JRTS AND REDS
democracy out of fear that their class interests were threatened, have no trouble doing the same against "eco-terrorists. " Those who have waged merciless war against the Reds have no trouble making war against the Greens. Those who have brought us poverty wages, exploitation, unemployment, homelessness, urban decay, and other oppressive economic conditions are not too troubled about bringing us ecological crisis. The plutocrats are more wedded to their wealth than to the Earth upon which they live, more concerned with the fate of their fortunes than with the fate of the planet. 13
The struggle over environmentalism is part of the class struggle itself, a fact that seems to have escaped many environmentalists. The impending eco-apocalypse is a class act. It has been created by and for the benefit of the few, at the expense of the many. The trouble is, this time the class act may take all of us down, once and forever.
In the relationship between wealth and power, what is at stake is not only economic justice, but democracy itself and the survival of the biosphere. Unfortunately, the struggle for democracy and eco- logical sanity is not likely to be advanced by trendy, jargonized, ABC theorists who treat class as an outmoded concept and who seem ready to consider anything but the realities of capitalist power. In this they are little different from the dominant ideology they profess to oppose. They are the ones who need to get back on this planet.
The only countervailing force that might eventually turn things in a better direction is an informed and mobilized citizenry. Whatever their shortcomings, the people are our best hope. Indeed, we are they. Whether or not the ruling circles still wear blackshirts, and whether or not their opponents are Reds, la lutta continua, the strug- gle continues, today, tomorrow, and through all history.
13 In June 1996, speaking at a U. N. conference in Istanbul, Turkey, Fidel Castro noted: "Those who have almost destroyed the planet and poisoned the air, the seas, the rivers and the earth are those who are least interested in saving humanity. "
? Index
Czech and Slovak republics, 83, 97-99, 101, 106; in Macedonia, 102; in
Mongolia, 85, 107-108; myth of U. S. superiority, 67, 69-71; in Poland, 71- 72, 77, 88, 95, 101, 110, 112, 118; restoration in Eastern Europe, 57, 72- 74, 76, 87-88, 106-107; in USSR, 71- 74, 76, 88-91, 96, 104, 106, 108, 116; in Vietnam, 66, 87, 106, 109
Castro, Fidel, 39, 53, 67,160 Castro, Raul, 63
Ceausescu, Nicolae, 77 Chamberlain, Neville, 18 Chase National Bank, 19 Cherney, Darryl, 156
Child labor, 7, 36-37, 109, 124, 137-138 Children, 25, 84-85, 99,108-109,114-
116
Chernobyl, 39
China, 18, 23-26, 29, 33, 57, 66, 84-85,
87, 92, 106, 109, 128
Chinese Revolution, 36 Chomsky, Avi, 109
Chomsky, Noam, 17, 42, 46, 120 Churchill, Winston, 78, 80
CIA, 20, 24, 28, 76, 82-83, 93, 119 Class; and anticlass ideology, 141-144;
and ecology, 154-160; rejection by
Left, 144-149
Class struggle, 149-152
Clinton, Bill, 129
Codevilla, Angelo, 8
Cohen, Stephen, 55, 77-78
Colby, William, 24
Cold war, 20, 31, 41, 43, 76, 85, 99, 104 Communism; accomplishments of, 26,
45, 67, 84-85; economic deficiencies of, 59-65; economic democracy, 26; resurgence of, 118-120
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 43
Corporate welfarism, 1, 3-4, 6-8, 10-11 Cossacks, 78
Crimean Tarters, 78
Cuba, 23,26-27,34, 36, 38-39, 45-46, 50,
63,67, 81-82,85,87,98,109,128; social and economic conditions in, 23, 27, 34, 36, 38-40, 67; U. S. blockade of, 67
Cuban Revolution, 36, 38-39, 67 Czechoslovakia, 73, 97-100, 119
A
Abeywickrama, K. L. , 108
Abs, Hermann, 19
Afghanistan, 25, 35, 93
AFL-CIO, 76, 93
African National Congress (ANC), 33,45 African-Americans, 42
Agribusiness, 3-4, 7
Agriculture, 25, 61, 63, 101-103 Aidzerdzis, Andrei, 90
Al-Kurdi, Husayn, 17, 47
Albania, 85, 94
Algerian revolution, 36
Almirante, Giorgio, 20
Americans for Democratic Action
(ADA), 43
Anarchism, 54
Andropov, Yuri, 49 Anti-Semitism, 6, 16, 95-96 Aronowitz, Stanley, 144-145 Aronson, Ronald, 145 Auschwitz, 19
?
Bao Dai, 36
Bari, Judi, 156
Batista, Ruben Fulgencio, 38
Bay of Pigs, 34
Berlusconi, Silvio, 21
Bilenkin, Vladimir, 106, 110 Blackshirts, 2-3, 10, 18, 159-160 Bolshevik revolution, 8, 17,47, 55 Blum, William, 94
Bookchin, Murray, 45
Borsage, Robert, 81
Boxer Rebellion, 23
Brezhnev, Leonid, 49, 116
British Petroleum, 111
Brooks, David, 69
Brown shirts, 4, 14
Bulgaria, 45, 85, 94, 102, 107, 110, 118 Bu? rbach, Roger, 56
Bush, George, 20, 25, 34, 71, 98, 129 Buthelezi, Mangosutho, 33
C
Capitalism; in Albania, 94-95; in
Bulgaria, 94, 102, 107, 110, 118; in
161
? 162 INDEX
D
de Kock, Eugene, 33
Deane, Hugh, 18
Democratic party and anticommunism,
48-49
Derrida, Jacques, 145 Diem, Ngo Dinh, 36 Domenico, Roy Palmer, 18 Dominican Republic, 23 Dowd, Doug, 140
DuPont, 19
Dutt, R. Palme, 2-3
E
Eastern Europe, socialism in, 49-52,65, 85, 115, 118-120
Ebenstein, William, 17
Ecology, and capitalism, 154-160 Ehrenberg, John, 48
Endangered Species Act, 157
Engels, Frederick, 54
Environmental Protection Agency, 156 Estonia, 93, 115, 118
European Union, 95
F
Family values, 16
Farben, I. G. , 9, 19
Fasci di combattimento, 2
Fascism (in Italy); collaboration with
U. S. businesses, 10, 19; cooperation with the West, 17-22; ideology of, 11-
12; labor unions in, 3; popular opposition, 6, 9; taxes, 7; unemploy- ment, 7; working conditions in, 6
Fascism (in Nazi Germany); collabora- tion with capitalism, 4, 8-10, 19; collaboration with the West, 17-22; collaboration with U. S. businesses, 10,
19; homophobia, 14-16; ideology of, 11-17; monist values, 12; popular opposition, 6, 9; racial supremacy, 14-16; taxes, 7; unemployment, 7;
working conditions in, 6 Faulkner, Mike, 38
F. B. I, 48, 156
Febbo, Tony, 52
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) [West Germany], 19-20, 66, 82-83,
96, 103
Federazione Industriale, 4
Fertig, Howard, 2 Feurerprinzip, 11 Fiske, Klaus, 83
Ford Foundation, 76 Ford, Henry, 10, 19, 76 Forza Italia, 21
Foster, John Bellamy, 35, 146
Franco, Francisco, 1, 8, 48
Free Congress Foundation, 93-94 Free market, 22, 28, 31, 33, 37, 58, 72,
88, 102-103, 106, 118, 138 Free-market reforms; and the arts, 113;
and books, 113; and corruption, 111; and education, 113; employment, 108- 111; and media, 114; and women and children, 114
G
Gamsakhurdia, Zviad, 93
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade), 37, 144
Gelb, Bruce, 105
Gemeinschaft, 124
General Motors, 19
Genovese, Eugene, 8
German Democratic Republic (GDR)
[East Germany], 19, 45, 49, 64-67, 82- 83, 93, 96, 101, 103-104, 107, 112-113, 117-118;
Germany and socialism, 49-50 Gervasi, Sean, 93
Getty, J. Arch, 79
Giannini, A. P. , 10
Gingrich, Newt, 22 GLADIO, 20
Global warming, 155, 158 Glasnost, 72-73
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 60, 88-89 Goring, Hermann, 11, 19 Gramsci, Antonio, 147, 149 Green, Mark, 44, 58, 156 Greens, 160
Gregor, A. James, 15-16 Guatemala, 25, 33, 50 Guerin, Daniel, 2 Gulag, 78-83
Gulf War, 98
H
Havel, Vaclav, 83, 97-99 Hearst, William Randolph, 11
? Heilbroner, Robert, 37, 126 Heritage Foundation, 39 Heymann, Helene, 83 Higham, Charles, 10, 19 Himmler, Heinrich, 15 Hiroshima, 48
Kuznets, Simon, 8
Ky, Nguyen Cao, 35-36
L
Labor, conditions of, 6-7
Labor unions, Left purges, 43
Laclau, Ernesto, 146
Lane, Mark, 24
Latvia, 93, 107
Lebed, Aleksandr, 96
Lenin, Vladimir, 46-48, 53-55, 121, 147 Levins, Richard, 58
Libya, 27
Lichtman, Richard, 57
Licio Gelli, 20
Lithuania, 6, 85, 93, 95, 118
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 20, 35
Lottman, Herbert, 18
Lourie, Richard, 77
Lukashenko, Alexander, 97
M
MacColl, Gail, 44
MacDonald, Theodore, 39 Maikovskis, Boleslavs, 20 Mandela, Nelson, 34, 45
March on Rome, 4
March, Joan, 8
Mariam, Mengitsu Haile, 93 Martemyanov, Valentin, 90
Marx, Karl, and Capital, 128-129,
136-140, 145-150, 154
Marxism, as holistic science, 132-140;
postulates of, 122-124; and prediction, 125-129
McChesney, Robert, 145
Mclntyre, Robert, 103
McKinley, William, 23
Medvedev, Roy, 77
Michel, Louise, 54
Miller, Robert Carl, 19
Minh, Ho Chi, 53
Mongolia, 50, 85, 107-108
Mosse, George, 13
Mouffe, Chantal, 146
Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), 19-21 Mugabe, Robert, 53
Muller, Ingo, 18
Multinational corporations, 27, 100,
137-138, 159
Mussolini, Benito, 1-4, 6-7, 9-12
Hitler, Adolph, 1-2, 4-12, 14, 16, 18-19, 21,83, 97
Hobsbawm, Eric, 8
Hochschild, Adam, 43, 80
Holocaust, 18, 25, 130
Homophobia, 14-16, 151
Honecker, Erich, 82
Hoover Institute, 8
Howe, Irving, 122
Hugo, Victor (Les Mise? rables), ix Hungary, 6, 72, 85, 95-96, 102, 106-107,
110, 112, 118 Huntington, Samuel P. , 33
I
India, 30, 50
Indonesia, 25, 33, 50, 70, 77, 98, 120,
137-138
Industrial Revolution, 37 International Monetary Fund (IMF),
31,39,91,101-102
Iraq, 25, 34, 39, 120
Israel, 104
Italian Communist Party, 4, 21, 147-148 ;ITT, 19
Jackson, T. J. , 147
Jankowski, Father Henryk, 95 Jorst, Hans (Schlageter), 12 Judis, John, 146
?
Kagarlitsky, Boris, 89
Kattau, Thomas, 116
Kennan, George, 32
Kerala (India), 30
Kessler, Heinz, 118
Kholodov, Dmitri, 90
King, Jr. , Martin Luther, 34, 54, 98 Kirkpatrick, Jean, 33
Kissinger, Henry, 19 Koestler, Arthur, 77 Kozyrev, Andrey, 70 Krupp, Adolph, 9 Kuomintang, 25, 84
INDEX 163
? 164 INDEX
? R
National Alliance (Italy), 21
National Endowment for Democracy,
76, 93-94
National Liberation Front, 34
National Socialist party (Nazi party), 4,
9, 16, 19 (see also Nazism, Fascism in
Nazi Germany)
NATO, 20
Navarro, Vicente, 8
Nazism, 2, 5, 10, 14-15, 95 (see also
National Socialist party, Fascism in
Nazi Germany)
Neo-fascism in Italy, 20-22 Neumann, Franz, 2
Nicaragua, 23, 25-26, 53, 57, 94, 128 Nigeria, 156
NKVD Archives, 80
Nixon, Richard, 20, 156
North Korea, 27, 39, 85, 87 Nuremberg, 18, 82
?
Oilman, Berteli, 147 Omon troops, 90
Ordine Nuovo, 20
Ortega, Daniel, 53
Orth, Maureen, 117 Orwell, George, 44
Ozone depletion, 155, 158
?
Panama, 25, 34,120
Perestroika, 74
Perm 35, 81
Pew Charitable Trusts, 76
Phelps, Christopher, 147
Philippines, 18, 23, 98
Phoenix Program, 24
Piccone, Paul, 147
Pinochet, Gen. Augusto, 33, 70, 96,98 Poland, 64-65, 71-72, 77, 83, 85, 88, 95,
101, 108, 110, 112, 118; solidarity, 71,
77, 96
Pollution, 106, 118, 155, 158
Pool, James and Suzanne, 2, 10, 49 Pope John Paul II, 20
Pope, Generoso, 10
Prieto, Alberto, 81
Radio Free Europe, 99
Radio Liberty, 99
Radosh, Ronald, 43
Ramachandran, V. K. , 30
Randolph, Eleanor, 11, 107
Reactionism, 68-72
Reagan, Ronald, 20,25,44,69, 71,81,129 Red Cross, 117
Red Menace, 6, 25
Red-baiting, 44
Reder, Walter, 20
Refusniks, 81
Reston, James, 35
Revolution and decentralization, 53 Rittersporn, Gabor, 79
Rockefeller Brothers Fund, 76 Rockefeller, David, 19 Roehm, Ernst, 14-15 Rohatyn, Felix, 151 Rosemont, Jr. , Henry, 84 Rosenberg, Alfred, 11 Rosenthal, A. M. , 151
Rubies, Alfreds, 93
Rumania, 6, 77, 85, 95, 101, 107-108 Rusher, William, 77
Russia, 23, 26, 29, 37, 44,53-54, 56, 58,
84-85, 88-89, 91-93, 95, 100-101, 106- 107, 109-116, 118, 120, 128; and Yeltsin coup of 1993, 106; crime in, 111-112; healthcare in, 107; homeless- ness in, 108; poverty in, 110-120
SA (Sturmabteilung); storm troopers, 4-5, 14-16
Sabato, Larry, 91
Sakharov, Andrei, 69-70, 81 Salvemini, Gaetano, 2 Schwarzwaeller, Wulf, 9
Scott, John, 56
Selassie, Haile, 93
Shames, Carl, 52
Shatunovskaia, Olga, 77
Shell Oil, 111
Smith Act, 48
Socialism; pure socialism, vs. siege
socialism, 49, 53, 56, 59, 74-75 Socialist Union of Youth, 99 Socialist Workers Party (SWP), 48
S
? Sokal, Alan, 145
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 81
South African Inkatha Freedom Party, 33 South Korea, 18, 50,128
South Vietnam, 24, 34-35
Spain, 6, 8, 54
Squadristi, 44
SS, 4,9 15-16, 19, 80
Stalin, Joseph, 44-46, 55-57, 60, 76-81,
83-85, 116
Stent, Angela, 116
Stephan, Miroslav, 83
Stone, I. F. , 70
Storm troopers (see SA, Sturmabteilung) Strasser, Gregor, 15
Suharot, 70
Sweden, 74
?
Terrorism, 24, 28, 82-83, 93; and the CIA, 20
Thaelmann, Ernst, 5
Third World, 22, 27-28, 30-32, 37-39,
46, 48, 57, 70, 84, 100, 113, 119-120, 127, 131, 135
and the gulag, 77-81; multinational corporations and, 100
y
Vietnam, 24, 26, 29, 34, 48, 66,69, 87,
106,109, 128; North Vietnam, 34;
South Vietnam, 24, 34
Vietnam War, 24-25, 48, 69
Von Hindenburg, Field Marshall, 5, 9
W
Walsea, Lech, 71, 77, 95 Weimar Republic, 4
White Guard, 78, 80
Windsor, Duke 8c Duchess, 10 Wiwa, Ken Saro, 156
Wolf, Leon, 23
Women, 25, 33, 36, 40, 43, 69, 71, 73-
74, 76, 87-89, 91, 93-95, 97-99, 101- 109, 111-113, 114-119, 131, 138; in Afghanastan, 35-36; in Cuba, 35-36;
in South Yemen, 35-36; under
fascism, 15
Wood, Ellen Meiksins, 146
World Bank, 91
World War 1,2-3
World War II, 18-19, 24, 44, 79-80, 83-
85, 95, 107, 129 Worsley, Peter, 128 Wrzodak, Zygmunt, 71
y
Yemen, 35, 93, 96 Yugoslavia, 96-97, 102
?
Zaire, 25, 33, 50, 77,120, 132 Zemskov, Victor, 79
ZiL; privatization of, 101-102 Zyuganov, Gennadi, 91
Thomas, Edith, 54, 116 Togliatti, Palmiro, 2 Trotsky, Leon, 55 Turkey, 25, 33, 120, 160
U
Ukraine, 95, 107
Union of South Africa, 25, 33-34, 45, 128 U. S. Agency for International
Development, 101
United Nations, 25, 82
United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization, 25
United States; anticommunism, 25, 41,
43-47; counterrevolutionary activities, 23-35; foreign policy, 23, 25, 27, 31- 34; national security state, 31-34; Nazi-war criminals, 20; poverty, 130- 131, torture, 37, 81
United States Information Agency, 105 U. S. S. R. ; Great Purges of 1939, 79; and socialism, 42, 49-58, 72-75, 85, 93;
German invasion of, 56; suppression of the Left, 87-94; free-market reforms, 94-97; Nazi invasion of, 56; overthrow of Communism, 76-77;
INDEX 165
? ABOUT THE AUTHOR
MICHAEL PARENTI is considered one of the nations leading progressive thinkers. He received his Ph. D. in political science from Yale University in 1962, and has taught at a number of colleges and universities. His writings have been featured in scholarly journals, popular periodicals, and newspapers, and have been translated into Spanish, Chinese, Polish, Portuguese, Japanese, and Turkish.
Dr. Parenti lectures around the country on college campuses and before religious, labor, community, peace, and public interest groups. He has appeared on radio and television talk shows to dis- cuss current issues or ideas from his published works. Tapes of his talks have played on numerous radio stations to enthusiastic audi- ences. Audio and video tapes of his talks are sold on a not-for-profit basis; for a listing, contact People s Video, P. O. Box 99514, Seattle WA 98199; tel. 206 789-5371. Dr. Parenti lives in Berkeley, California.
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