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i. e. Manus, his father, prisoner at Ros Racha, and did not permit those Scottish forces to depart from the November in which they arrived, until the following festival of St. Brendan; O'Donnell remained in imprisonment until his death.
A. D. 1556.
Giolla Colaim O'Clabaigh, the coarb of St. Patrick, at Uaran of Magh Aoi', the head of hos pitality and wealth of the coarbs of Connaught, a general entertainer of the rich and poor, died in
art, and some curious verses, composed by the archbishop Con gusa on this circumstance, are given in the Four Masters.
In the various wars enumerated in Ulster, and many more bat tles not recorded, from the first to the eighth century, comprising
a period of seven hundred years of almost incessant conflicts of the kings of Ulster, either amongst themselves, or with the other
are constantly mentioned throughout these Annals, and account their territories and other particulars, has been given 49, the note Tir-Eogain. The O'Neills, princes Tir-Eógain,
ruled over the territories which now form the counties Tyrone
and Derry, with Inisowen, Donegal. the eleventh century,
and during the eleventh and twelfth centuries were very power ful, and some them became princes Tir-Eogain, and Ail each, kings Ulster and two them, hereafter shown, became monarchs Ireland. Many celebrated chiefs the Mac Logh lins are mentioned the course these Annals; but appears, that the thirteenth century, they were put down the superior
REIGN OF QUEEN MARY. 441
and Hugh Roin himself slain, and beheaded on the stone of
the Conventions, or oblations, at the door of the church of Fogh of the Pale, and various British settlers. Their celebrated chiefs
provincial kings, and with the monarchs of Ireland, and of fierce
contests with foreign invaders, including the Cualanean war of
seven years duration between the Red-Branch Knights of Ulster,
and the Connaught forces; the conflicts of the Clan Colla chief
tains with the kings of Emania; the contests of the Hy Niall
princes for the sovereignty of Ulster with the Ulidian kings; the
battle of Moy-Rath, and the various other fierce engagements of
the Ultonians with the invading Picts, Britons, Anglo-Saxons power the O'Neills. powerful branch the O'Neills, ex and Franks, no doubt there were, during these seven centuries of
power great extent, amidst incessant wars with the English
branch the O’Neills took the name Mac Loghlin, sometimes mentioned O'Loghlin, from Loghlin O'Neill, one their chiefs,
continued and sanguinary contests, not less than three hundred thousand men slain in Ulster.
In the latter end of the seventh century, Alfred, an Anglo Saxon prince, son of Oswy, king of Northumbria, and who was
himself afterwards king of Northumbria, having been exiled from England, retired to Ireland, where he studied many years in its seminaries, according to the venerable Bede, in his Life of St. Cuth bert. Alfred travelled over all parts of Ireland, and, as mentioned in
page 21, became lords
the note Dalaradia, the fourteenth Clannaboy, and possessed extensive ter
O'Reilly's Irish writers, at A. D. 685, he, under the name of Flann Fionn, or Flann the Fair, composed a poem on Ireland, consisting
the course these Annals. They were called Clann-Aodha
Buidhe, signifying the Clan Hugh the yellow-haired, from
Aodh Buidhe, one their celebrated chiefs; and the tribe and territory were thence designated Clannaboy, sometimes Clane
boy. The territory was divided into North and South Clannaboy, the North comprising the baronies Belfast, Massareene, Antrim, and Upper Toome, the county Antrim; and South Clannaboy contained the baronies Ardes, Castlereagh, Kinealarty, and Lecale, the county Down. the reigns Henry VIII. and Elizabeth, the head chiefs the O'Neills, princes Tyrone, were created earls Tyrone, and barons Dungannon, and modern times branch the O'Neills were created earls O'Neill,
the county Antrim.
The other chiefs and clans the Eugenians, the posterity Eogan, and his five sons, Muiredach, Fergus, Oilioll, Felim, and Eochy, were the O'Cathans, O’Kanes, powerful chiefs Derry, and lords the greater part that territory; the Mac Cagh wells, O'Donnellys, O'Hagans, O’Hamells, O'Horans, O'Hoseys, O'Connellans, all chiefs note Tyrone. The Mac Sweeneys, celebrated chiefs Donegal, and distinguished commanders galloglasses Ulster, and likewise Connaught and Munster; the O'Gormleys; O'Dubhdiarmas; O'Donegans; O'Brolchans; Mac Closkeys; Mac Gilligans; Mac Gill Kellys; O'Freels; O'Quinns; O'Hagartys; O'Mulvihills, all chiefs and clans note various parts Derry and Donegal. The O'Creaghs, who
early times went from Ulster, and settled Munster, and whom there were many highly respectable families Clare, Limerick, Cork, and Tipperary, were branch the O'Neills Tyrone, and likewise the O'Nihells Munster, both which fami lies account has been given 154, the note Thomond. Accounts the O'Neills, and various chiefs the Eugenians, and the territories possessed each, have beengiven pp.
52, the note Tir Eogain and Tir Conaill.
The Connallians. —As before stated, the Connallians were the posterity Conall Gulban, one the sons king Niall the Hostages. The head chiefs this race took the names O'Maol dora and O'Cannanain, from two princes their ancestors, who were
called, and many celebrated chieftains the O'Maoldoras and O'Cannanains are mentioned the Four Masters the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries, and they extended their power not
only over Donegal, but other parts Ulster. the tenth cen
tury some the head chiefs the Connallians took the tribe
of ninety-six
verses, and commencing thus:-
“Rodheat in Inis Finn Fail In Eirin reimarbhaidh”
* I found in the fair Inisfail In Ireland while in exile. ”
A version of this poem into English has been made by the translator of these Annals, from which the following passages are taken relating to Ulster in the seventh century—
“I found in Armagh the splendid,
Meekness, wisdom, circumspection,
Abstinence in obedience to the Son of God, Noble, prosperous learned sages.
“I found in the country of Conall Brave victorious heroes;
Valiant men of fair complexion, The exalted stars of Erin.
“I found in the province of Ulster, Long-blooming beauty, hereditary vigour, Young scions of energy,
Though fair, yet for war, and brave. ”
The Eugenians. —In the preceding part the present article, an account has been given the Eugenians, the chief branch the northern Hy Niall, descended from Eogan, one the sons king Niall the Hostages; the head chiefs the Eugenians the tenth century took the name Ua-Neill, O'Neill, from Niall Glundubh, celebrated king that race, who was monarch Ireland the tenth century, and was slain 919, great battle with the Danes near Dublin. The O'Neills, kings and princes Aileach, kings Ulster, and princes Tir-Eogain, make
very conspicuous figure Irish history, from the eleventh
the seventeenth century, for period five hundred years, during name Clanna Dalaigh, from Dalach, one their chiefs, whose the greater part which they maintained their independence and death recorded the Annals 868, but they afterwards
plained
century,
ritories
teenth century, and many celebrated chiefs them are mentioned
the counties
Down and Antrim, down the seven
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442 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1556.
Clanrickard, after he had been expelled thither O'Moore (of the Queen's county), i. e. Conall from Oran, and after his son Dermod Roe Oge, was taken prisoner by the lord justice.
O’Clabaigh had been slain by the Clan Conway. The castle of Lis-Cluaine, in Delvin, was com
gal, but afterwards got the whole of that country, and also ex tended their power over some of the northern parts of Sligo, and for a long time held the castle of Sligo, for which they often had contests with the English, and also with the O'Conors; the O'Donnells probably claimed Carbury in Sligo, as that territory was originally possessed,and got its name from Cairbre, one of the sons of Niall of the Hostages. The O’Donnells, as princes of Tirconnell, make a conspicuous figure in Irish history, from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century, and their great actions are particularly recorded in the course of these Annals, where it ap pears they frequently extended their power, not only over Done gal, but also over parts of Derry, Tyrone, Fermanagh, Brefney, Sligo, and Roscommon, and frequently exercised a jurisdiction in the inauguration of the princes and chiefs, and levied tributes on those territories. The O'Neills and O’Donnells, from the accounts of all the annalists, appear to have been by far the most powerful, warlike, and valiant of the Irish chieftains, and kept up the most numerous bodies of disciplined troops, and from the twelfth to the seventeenth century, during a period of nearly five hundred years of incessant warfare, maintained their independenceagainst the Anglo-Irish forces of the Pale, and the armies of England. Several of the O'Neills and O’Donnells were distinguished mili tary commanders in the Irish Brigades, in the service of France, Spain, Austria, and other foreign states.
The other chiefs of the Comnallians, who were collateral bran
took the name O'Domhnaill, or O'Donnell, from Domhnall, O'Melaghlin in the eleventh century, and were celebrated as kings another of their celebrated chiefs in the beginning of the tenth of Meath, kings and princes of Tara, princes of Bregia, and lords of century. The elder chieftains of Tirconnell, the O'Cannanains, Clan Colinan, an extensive territory in Westmeath. The desig and O'Maoldoras, were put down by the superior power of the
i O'Donnells, who, in the latter end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth century, becamethe chief rulers of the territory, and as princes of Tirconnell, possessedthe greater part of Done
nation Clan Colman, or Colmanians, was mostly confined to the family of O’Melaghlin, but sometimes also applied to the chiefs the southern Hy Niall. The other principal chiefs the
southern Hy Niall were the Mac Geoghegans, princes Kinel Fiacha, extensive territory Westmeath, about Mullingar, &c. The O'Mulloys, princes Fercall, King's county; the O'Harts; the O'Connolys, O'Kellys, and O'Regans, princes Tara; the O'Coindealbhains, O'Kindellans, name changed O'Conlivan, and O'Connellan, princes Hy Laoghaire, Meath and Westmeath; the O'Sionachs, name anglicised Fox, lords
Teffia, Westmeath the O'Carys, lords Carberry, Kil dare; the O’Rorys, Rogers; O'Carrolls and O'Duvans, chiefs
Meath; the O'Fallons; O'Breens; O'Hughes, O'Heas; O'Hanveys O'Henneseys O'Hanrahans O'Kearneys O'Caseys; O'Coffeys; Mac Conways; O'Dooleys; O'Mulledys; O'Scullys; O'Shiels; O'Tolargs; Mac Ruares; O'Fagans; O'Currys; O'Corrigans, and O'Murrys, all chiefs note va rious parts Westmeath. The O'Quinns, chiefs Muinter Gil gain, and lords Rathcline, had the barony Rathcline, An maly, Longford; the O'Ronans; O'Dalys; O'Sleivins; Mac Cor macs; Mac Gilligans, and Mac Gavans, chiefs Annaly. Of the southern Hy Niall, were also the following chiefs, the O'Maol conrys Roscommon, celebrated bards and historians the O'Conors, kings Connaught; the O'Higgins Westmeath and
Connaught, eminent bards and historians; and also the O’Duignans, Kilronan, Roscommon, distinguished literary men, and hereditary historians the Mac Dermotts, princes Moylurg. Many eminent men these literary families are re corded the course of these Annals.
The Hy-Briunians. —An account the chiefs the race
ches of the same stock as the O'Donnells, were the O’Doghertys,
lords of Inisowen, in Donegal; the O'Boyles, lords of Boylagh, Hy-Briune has been given p. p. 75, 125, the notes Bref
and the O'Gallaghers, powerful and warlike chiefs in Tirhugh, in
Donegal ; the O’Breslens, chiefs of Fanat, and eminent Brehons in Donegal and Fermanagh; the O'Hughes, and several other
chiefs in 1)onegal, an account of whom, and the territories posses sed by each, has been given at page 52, in the note on Tirconnell. The O'Daly's were the elder branch of the O'Donnells, and many families of note of the name were located in Connaught, Meath, and Munster, and several of them are recorded in the course of these Annals as bards, historians, and eminent literary men.
ney and South Connaught. These Hy-Briunians, who were the Heremonians Connaught, were descended from Bryan, king
Connaught, the latter end the fourth century, and who was brother king Niall the Hostages, and therefore they were
collateral branch the same stock the race Hy Niall. The chief families the Hy-Briunians were the O'Conors, Kings Connaught the O'Rourkes, princes West Brefney, Leitrim; the O'Reillys, princes East Brefney, Cavan; the Mac Der motts, princes Moylurg, Roscommon; the O'Flahertys, lords West Connaught; the O'Malleys, chiefs Mayo; the
The Colmanians. —An account of the kings, princes, chiefs,
and clans of the southern Hy Niall, and the territories possessed Mac Oireaghtys, chiefs Roscommon; the Mac Gaurans; Mac
by each, has been given at p. p. 6 to 8, and also at p. p. 248, 314,
315, in the notes on Meath, Teffia, Annaly, Offaly, Moy Liffey,
and Bregia. The South Hy Niallians were descended from four
Tiernans, Mlac Kermans; and Mac Bradys, chiefs many other chiefs note Connaught and Ulster, counts have beengiven the above mentionednotes
Cavan, and
whom ac the Hy
of the sons of king Niall of the Hostages, namely, Laoghaire, Briunians and Brefnians. Thus appears that the kings, prin
Fiacha, Maine, and Conall Crimthan, powerful princes, who in the
fifth century got possession of the territories which formed the ancient kingdom of Meath, comprising the present counties of Meath and Westmeath, with part of Longford, and parts of Dublin, Kildare, and King's county. The posterity of these four princes possessed the territories of the ancient kingdom of Meath, from the fifth to the twelfth century, but from the latter end of the twelfth to the beginning of the seventeenth century, amidst in cessant warfare and fierce contests with the Anglo-Normans and English settlers, the southern Hy Niall lost all their hereditary possessions, and of this powerful race there are no descendants of any note, or large landed proprietors, to be found on the terri tories of ancient Meath at the present day. The head families of the southern Hy Niall took the name of Clan Colman from one of their ancestors, a celebrated chief named Colman More, in the sixth century, who was son of Dermod Mac Carroll, monarch of
Ireland, and whose death is recorded at A. D. 552 in the Four Masters. The head chiefs of the Clan Colman took the name of
ces, and chiefs the Hy Niall race, descended from king Niall the Hostages, ruled over Ulster and Meath, and the kings, prin ces, and chiefs the Hy Briune race, the posterity Bryan, king Connaught, brother the monarch Niall, ruled over Con naught, therefore these two great branches the Heremonians, were the rulers Leath-Cuinn, the northern half Ireland, comprising the kingdoms Meath, Ulster, and Connaught; and the Hy Niall kings likewise reigned exclusively monarchs
Ireland for period six hundred years, from the fifth the eleventh century, and two the Hy Briune race, kings Con naught the twelfth century, were likewise supreme sovereigns, namely, Torlogh O'Conor, and his son Roderick, the last Mile sian monarch of Ireland.
A. D. 1556.
Uaran Maighe Haoi, now the parish Oran, the half
barony Ballymoe, county Roscommon. The term Uaran signifies fountain pure spring water, and may have been some celebrated well which, stated the text, lay Maighe Haoi,
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O'Brien, i. e. Donal, defeated Teige, the son of
and oppose them, and they treacherously seized him in the council-house.
The castle of Fadden, in Delvin Eathra (in King’s county), was taken by a prisoner who was
REIGN OF QUEEN MARY. 443
Murrogh O’Brien, at the castle of Dysart(in Clare),
in an engagement, in which thirty or upwards confined in and he delivered into the hands were slain. Mac Coghlan, who expelled the tribe Fergal,
Donogh, the son of O'Conor Faily, i. e. Bryan, and hanged the hostages Shrove Monday, which who had been under the guarantee and protection happened the 1st March.
of the earl of Kildare, was taken prisoner by the The castle Racra (on the townland Roughra, lord justice at Druim-da-Maighe. The lord jus near Shannon Bridge, the barony Garrycastle, tice and the earl sent despatches, respectively, to King’s county), was demolished by O’Melaghlin the queen of England, to learn what she would and the English Athlone; and after that com say should be done with those prisoners, for the motion arose between Mac Coghlan and O’Me lord justice had at the time in imprisonment laghlin.
O'Conor and Donogh, with several others.
O'Moore and Donogh O'Conor were set at liberty
on the responsibility of their guarantees, namely,
the earl of Kildare and the earl of Ormond, a cir
cumstance little expected.
Offaly was plundered, and the O'Conors were again expelled from their country, and hostages
taken from them the lord justice; the following were the hostages: O'Conor Failey, his brother's son, Rossa, the son Murrogh, with many others;
and those hostages were put death the English, except O’Conor alone.
O'Moore, Conall, was taken prisoner by the English, and was put death by them Leighlin.
was source great sorrow among the Irish namely, Breasal Duv and Malachy Modardha. behold their chiefs and nobles destined that end,
Anthony, the son of William O'Coffey, chief pro although they could not help them.
fessorof Ireland in poetry, was treacherously killed The lord justice marched with army expel by night at Ballinluig, in Moybachla, and it was the Siol Conchobhair (O'Conors Offaley), from not discovered by whom he had been slain. Meelick (in Galway), after having learned that
O’Dogherty, i. e. Felim, son of Conor Carrach, they were that place; prepared and took
O'Ferrall Baun, i. e. Teige, the son of Conmac, died at a fine old age.
O’Madden, i. e. John, the son of Breasal, lord of Siol Anmcha,was slain by Breasal Duv O’Madden,
and two lords were appointed over Siol Anmcha,
died on the 6th of December.
A. D. 1557.
Armagh was twice plundered in one month by
the lord justice, Thomas Sussex.
Mac Murrogh," i. e. Murrogh, son of Maurice
with him some cannon Athlone, and had them
conveyed from thence boats Meelick, and his forces went through Bealach-an-Fhothair(Ballagh anogher), Lurgan Lusmagh (parish Lus magh, barony Garrycastle, King's county), com manded himself; took Meelick and Breach
Cavenagh, was put to death in Leighlin by the luain after that, and Donogh, the son Colla
English, for he had been preparing to gain power
(O'Madden), and several others the guards, were
A. D. 1557.
Mac Murrogh. -The Mac Murroghs Cavenaghs and their
allies, according Mac Geoghegan, made some incursions this
time into the southern parts the county Dublin, but they were surprised and dispersed by the garrison the city, and several
them were slain; body one hundred and forty them with drew the fortress Powerscourt Wicklow, where they deter mined defend themselves; they were besieged by the troops
under the command sir George Stanley from Dublin, and being unable withstand the great number their besiegers, were obliged surrender, and being brought Dublin seventy-four
them were put death.
Moy Aoi, an ancient territory mon, and was thus designated
the present county Roscom distinguish from Uaran Mor, the county Galway. This Uaran-ui-Chlabaigh, proba bly called from O'Clabaigh the coarb St. Patrick, mentioned
the text, who was then abbot Oran. St. Patrick founded church here the fifth century, and Cethecus, called Cetgen the book Armagh, one his disciples, was appointed bishop
whose remains lie here interred. The ruins the old church are still seen, near which the remnant one the ancient Round Towers, about twelve feet high, and eleven feet three inches internal diameter; the walls are four feet six inches
thick, and the stones,which are two different kinds limestone, are extremely well cut, and closely together.
the great spring, now Oranmore, place was also known by the name
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444 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1557.
slain by him. The country was completely spoiled but expelled and banished him, and proclaimed and plundered on that occasion, and the sons of him traitor; conferred the lordship Theo Malachy Balbh (O'Madden), and the insurgents bald O'Mulloy, after having left his son hos along with them, were expelled from the country. tage with him his stead.
The lord justice left a Saxon constable, namely Mr. An awful war arose between the English and all Francis, in possession of Meelick, and he took hos the Irish who were opposed them, viz. the
tages from the two O'Maddens, namely, Malachy
O'Conors, O'Moores, O’Mulloys and O'Carrolls, and impossible relate how many depreda tions, slaughters and plunders were committed
Modardha and Breasal; and he also took hostages
from Mac Coghlan, namely, his own son, and some
others. So that it was after that manner that them, from the Shannon Sliabh Ruadh, from Siol Anmcha was taken, and it is impossible to re Bladhma Cliodhna, and from the Eoir the
late or reckon how much damage had been done on that expedition, which took place exactly three weeks before Lammas.
same Cliodhna (Slieve Roe mountains, on the bor ders Dublin and Wicklow Bladhma the Slievebloom mountains, on the borders the
O'Ferrall Bane, i. e. Donal, was killed by King's and Queen’s counties; Cliodhna was near
Fachtna, the son of Teige O'Ferrall; and Fachtna
himself was for that act afterwards expelled by the English.
Donal, the son of Lisagh O'Moore, lord of Slieve Margy Queen's county), was hanged the English, viz. by Mr. Sili.
Cork, and Eoir was the river Nore, Kilkenny). O’Carroll, i. e. William Odhar, having got advantage, took Caislean-an-Leime (Leap castle),
from the English.
Torlogh, the son Conor, son Torlogh, son Teige-an-Chomaid O’Brien, died.
John O'Neill, the son Conn, son Conn,
The lord justice marched with force into Fer
call (in King's county), expel the plunderers from collected and marshalled very great army
having heard that they were the woods march into Tirconnell, and the Orgiellians and Fercall; took Theobald O'Mulloy and others the English and Irish from Traigh-Bhaile-Mic prisoners, and proceeded from thence Ely, Buain (Dundalk), the river Finn, came and and took Leim-ui-Bhanain”, and was the good joined his army. Those forces did not halt till
escape they came Carrickleith, between the two rivers,
ness his horse that enabled O'Carroll
from him. The lord justice returned back, after namely, the Finn and Mourne, where they formed
having greatly disturbed the peace the Irish those places; afterwards went England, and left the treasurer his place. The treasurer (Sir Henry Sydney), marched with another force into Fercall, take revenge O'Mulloy,
Art, for giving protection the wood kerns and the insurgents; the country was plundered from the wood eastward, Baile-Mac-Abainn, and Lann Eala (parish Lynally, barony Ballycowan, King's county), both houses and churches, were burned, and the son O'Mulloy, namely, the Cal vach, was slain Beal-Atha-glaise, the trea surer and his forces, on that occasion; came second time and burned the country, cut down the woods, and gave neither peace nor restto O'Mulloy,
Leim-ni-Bhanain, i. e. O'Banan's Leap, now called Leap,
village situated between Parsonstown and Roscrea, the King's county, where the O'Carrolls, lords Ely, had castle, and there
still one there called Leap Castle, therefore this place not the castle Lemanaghan, the barony Garrycastle, King's coun
ty, stated mistake the Annals the year 1514; Baile
extensive military encampment, which they
spent their time very pleasantly the camp the
son O'Neill, for they carried the selling and buying Meadha (mead metheglin) wine, fine
clothes, and all sorts commodities. The son
O'Neill received intelligence that the people Tirconnell had sent their cows and cattle herds
into the retired parts and fastnesses the country their rear. He said that act should avail them
nothing, whether they were Leinster Mun ster would pursue them until should bring them under his own jurisdiction, that hence forth there should rule over Ulster only one king. With respect the people Tirconnell they were thus circumstanced, that O’Donnell, i. e. Manus,
Mic-Abainn seems the place called Ballyrickvere, not far from Lynally; this information has been kindly communicated that learned antiquary, Cooke, Esq. , Parsonstown, who correctly states, that the English name derived from the
Irish Leim, which signifies Leap.
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REIGN OF QUEEN MARY, 445
was in bad health and unable to move, having been which was before the door the tent O’Neill’s two years previously imprisoned his son Cal son, fromwhich immense light blazed forth, be vach, during which time Calvach ruled the coun cause commanded the centre,and were sixty
try, and his brother Hugh, with his followers, were opposition him, and this time was along
with John (O'Neill) his kinsman, namely, his mother’s brother. When Calvach received intel
ligence that John (O'Neill) had encamped with his army the borders his territory,
weighed his mind what should under the impending danger which threatened him, and
then consulted his father Manus what plans should
adopted against his enemies, whenever they
should enter the country. The advice which O'Donnell, his father, gave him was this, that
had not equal number forces with the son O’Neill he had better not give him battle, but watch the movements their people should
they enter his country, and then endeavour got opportunity, attack their camp
surprise, and that means, was opinion,
should conquer them, and this plan they
agreed. As John O’Neill, advanced with his forces from Carrickleith, without stopping
halting, having crossed the river Finn and pro ceeded near Raphoe through the Lagan, and halted and encamped beside Bally-Aighidhchaoin, con venient to stream which flows from the well
called Cabharthach, and his forces pitched their tents and booths there. Calvach was on the same
day with his son Conn Mullogh-Beinnin, at
tended small party, which consisted only thirty horsemen and two companies galloglasses
the Mac Sweeneys Fanat, namely, one the sept Roderick, commanded by Walter, the son Murrogh, and the other the sept Donal, commanded by Donal Gorm Mac Sweeney. When Calvach heard that John (O’Neill) had marched that place with his forces, sent two
his faithful men reconnoitre them, whose
names were Donogh Oge, the son Donogh Roe
Maguire, and Maurice Mac Ailin; those two pro
ceeded without being perceived until they were
the midst the forces, who were numerous and
extensive, that they themselves could not know
one another, even were day, except alone
recognising their leaders. Those two foremen
tioned persons proceeded along from one fire
another, until they came the great central fire, Donegal), and was swimming those three
stern warlike galloglasses with their sharp, well mounted battle-axes prepared for action, and sixty resolutedetermined Scots, with their weighty broad sided heavy-striking swords their hands, drawn ready for execution, watching and guarding the son of O’Neill. When the time arrived for the forces take their food, and while was divided and dis tributed amongst them, the two spies whom we have mentioned, extended their hands for their portions like the others the distributor, and what they received was helmet full meal, with
due proportion butter. With those proofs they returned their people, and exhibiting
them, they related about what they had seen was believed. Calvach commanded his men
put their armour quickly, which was instantly
obeyed. The two battalions then formed themselves into one body, and Conn O’Donnell, foot, took
the centre between Walter and Donal (Mac
Sweeney), while the same time gave his
horse his father. Having marched forward
the camp, they did not halt until they reached the
central companies, who were guarding the son
O'Neill, and they made vigorous and unexpected
attack the people the camp. Then followed both sides slaughter, destruction, conflict, discomfi
ture, cutting and clashing sharp-edged battle-axes
and high tempered cleaving swords, until warriors
were cut down, and heroes subdued the assault ing party. When John (O’Neill) heard the sound the great forces, and the clamour the hosts,
was certain that the enemy attacked his camp, and fled through the back his tent umper ceived.
rained calmly, dripping during the might without intermission, that the brooks and rivers the country became flooded. The forces
the Tyronians were length defeated the force fighting and conflict, with sanguinary
slaughter. John (O’Neill) fled unattended any his people except two the party Hugh, the son Manus O’Donnell, along with Donogh, the son Felim Finn O'Gallagher, and they pro ceeded through the most direct and private ways
until they crossed the Daol (Deel), Finn and Derg (rivers, the borders Tyrone, Derry, and
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446 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1558.
rivers along with his two attendants, he got across by the lord justice of Ireland, namely,Thomas Fitz
them, and proceeded from thence to Tearman-ui walter (Thomas Ratcliffe, viscount Fitzwalter and
Moain (Termonamungan in Tyrone); he pur earl of Sussex), and his brother’s son Conor, the son
chased a horse that night from O’Moan, and ar of Donogh, son of Conor O’Brien. Clonroad (at
rived by the break of day at Airegal-da-Chiarog Ennis), Bunratty, and Great Clare, the chief fa
(Errigal Keeroge in Tyrone). Calvach remained mily seats of the country, and not these alone but
with his small force the rest of the night in the the entire country, both waste and inhabited, were
camp, which had been held by John O'Neill given into the hands of the son of Donogh O’Brien,
in the beginning of the night, with much by the English, and he was also appointed earl
mirth, enjoying and feasting themselves till over that country, and he was the first earl of the
the following morning, with the wines and Clan Cais (Dalcassians) by title, but not by in viands of that host which they had just de auguration. Abomination, hatred, disgust and
feated. On the following day an immense deal terror, seized the Gaels of fair Banba (Ireland) on of property appeared to their view, consisting of account of that act, namely, the banishment of arms, armour, valuable goods and horses, so that Donal O’Brien; and the clans of Conn and of Cahir four score horses of the booty fell to the share of (the posterity of Con of the Hundred Battles, and Conn the son of Calvach, besides the splendid steed of Cahir More, both celebrated monarchs of Ire of the son of O’Neill, which was called Mac-an land), the race of Heremon, and of Heber, of Ir, and Iolair (the Son of the Eagle), and it is doubtful if of Ith, were alarmed on account of that humiliation
so much valuable booty had been taken at the battle of Knock Buidhbh Derg, which was gained by O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh Oge, the son of Hugh
The baron O’Neill, i. e. Ferdorcha (this Ferdor cha is called Matthew, baron of Dungannon, by the English writers), the son of Conn Bacach, son
Roe, against O’Neill, as was obtained by the Tir of Conn, son of Henry, son of Owen, was unkin
connallians on that occasion.
A. D. 1558.
dredly slain by the people of his brother John, and the cause of his death was that he was nomi
nated to succeed to the patrimony, should his fa ther die before him.
The son of O'Conor Faily, i. e. Donogh, the
The earl of Desmond', namely, James, the son
of John, son of Thomas, son of James, son son of Bryan, son of Cahir, son of Comn, son of the
of Gerald, the earl, died, and his territory could not well spare that good man, for during his
time it was not found necessary to infold cattle or to close the doors, from Duncaoin in Kerry, to the
Meeting of the Three Waters of the green borders at the extremity of the province of Eochy, the son
Luchta, and to Leinster, and his son Gerald was
appointed his successor.
O’Brien of Thomond, i. e. Donal, the son of Co
mor, son of Torlogh, son of Teige, son of Torlogh,son
of Bryan of the Battle of Nenagh, was expelled from his hereditary estate, and deprived of his earldom,
Calvach, was slain by O’Dempsey, namely, An
thony, the son of Hugh; that death left the Barrow in mourning, and Offaly feeble, and Leinster in
sorrow ; and that act was perpetrated precisely at the festival of St. Patrick.
The earl of Clanrickard gave the Scots a com plete overthrow ; and that earl was Rickard, the son of Ulick of the Heads, the son of Rickard, son of Ulick of Knocktow, the son of Ulick Meadhon ach, the son of Ulick of the Wine; and the Scots who were thus defeated were, Donal,son of Dougall, son of Gillespie Mac Ailin; and Dugald, the son
Three Waters is the confluence of the rivers Suir, Nore, and Bar
A. D. 1558.
1. The earl of Desmond—The vast territory possessedby the row, at the bay of Waterford; the province of Eochy, the son of
Fitzgeralds, earls of Desmond, is here pointed out; it extended
over the greater part of the counties of Cork and Kerry, and also
over parts of Limerick, Tipperary, and Waterford, as shown in
these Ammals in the note on Desmond. Dun Caoin mentioned in ded to Leinster, as his jurisdiction appears to have reached over the text is now called Dunquin or Donquin, sometimes called Dun the greater part of Waterford, and thence to the borders of Kil queen, a parish in the barony of Corcaguinney, county of Kerry, kenny.
near Ventry harbour and Dunmore Head; the Meeting of the
Luchta, was Munster, which was socalled from Eochy, an ancient king of Munster, who flourished about a century before the Chris tian era; the earl's territory as mentioned in the text, also exten
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 447
of Donogh, son of Gillespie Mac Ailin, two young son Donogh, son Nicholas O'Grady, lord
chivalrous constables, who bartered their services both church and country, died.
long time with the Ultonians and the Tircon nallians, among whom they boasted their great activity and superior valour, and having left the eastern countries, proceeded into Connaught exalt their names. They first went into the terri tory Carbry the son Niall (Carbury Sligo), through the lower part Tirerrill, the district
Gallen (in Mayo), which Cormac Galleng, the son Teige, son Kian, son Oilioll Olum (king Munster the second century), gained
conquest, after had forfeited his father's protection, the country Amhalgaid, the son
Elizabeth was proclaimed queen the 17th of November.
England
Fiachrach (Tyrawley, Mayo). i. e. Rickard the Iron, the son
Mac William, David, son
Edmond, son Ulick, came thither
meet them, and promised them support, for the purpose
mond, son Thomas, died, lord
Cluan Meala (Clonmel), and Iascaidh (Cahir, Tipperary)
the territory Cathair-Duin
A. 1559.
O’Neill, Henry, son
his age and time without reproach dispraise; and his death would have been considered great loss among the Kinel Owen, were not for his very advanced age, and that left legitimate heir
succeed him, namely, John Dongaileach
(O'Neill).
Edmond Butler, the son Thomas, son Ed
Conn, son Owen, died, after having spent
Conn Bacach, the son
plundering his neighbours, and devastating his
enemies. When the earl of Clanrickard received
intelligence that those foreign troops had come
his neighbourhood, collected the armed
forces and ordnance he could command, and did
not halt till came the place where those
Scots were stationed the Moy. was well for
him have attacked them there, for overthrew
those foreign forces and stern warriors who had not taken into their consideration how far
the river Suir mild melodious trumpet; delightful, fair-sided,
removed they had been from their own country Murrogh, namely, Donogh, was possession
and kinsmen, for they suffered their enemies slaughter them the spot. Donal and Dugald
were slain there, and their preservation would have been greater victory than their death,
the town, and Teige, the son Murrogh O’Brien, was constant attendance, and continually under
the protection the earl Desmond, since the expulsion Donal O’Brien, till that time. Teige complained the earl his bad treatment, and
because full equivalent any kind wealth
might be obtained ransom for them. The said he feared he should be without town or kins
power the Scots was very much lessened the province Connaught for long period their
time through that defeat.
The English defeated O'Carroll,
Odhar, the son Fearganainm, son
son John O'Carroll, the plain Cinncor
caide; many young soldiers were lost, and heroes
were slain, and amongst those who fell was Mur the earl
his brave troops, and gather did not, however, wait for his forces, but marched di
rogh Gencach, the son Edmond, son Murrogh,
son Edmond Mac Sweeney, one the constables the Dalcassians, and native Tirboghaine (Banagh Donegal); O'Carroll himself escaped
from that disaster.
The archdeacon Killaloe, Donogh Oge, the
the waters march
William Mulroona,
called muster ing his tribes;
beautiful, blooming youth, but who was cut off
the prime and early part life; and his father's brother, Pierce, the son Edmond, succeeded
his place.
The earl Thomond, i. e. Conor, the son
Donogh, son Conor O’Brien, laid siege Inchiquin the month June, precisely, against the sons Murrogh O’Brien; one the sons
man, unless obtained immediate relief. The earl entertained Teige’s grievances favourably, and
proper mustering
rectly forward with boldness and confidence across
siege
the clear flowing Shannon. When Thomond received intelligence the
his army towards him, raised the Inchiquin, left the camp empty, and en
treated his dear friend, the earl Clanrickard, come to his relief. was well for him to have
asked that request, for did not wait asked the second time, but immediately marched the
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448 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1559.
place where the earl of Thomond was then. As son of Murtogh, son of Donal, son of Teige, son of
to the earl of Desmond, he did not halt until he Torlogh, son of Murrogh-na-Raithnighe. O’Car
arrived on the plain of Inchiquin, and returned roll, with great expedition devastated and com the same night to Baile-I-Aille, and the camps pletely plundered the country, from Bel-an-Atha to of the earls were not far distant from each other the Mill of O’Hogan; on the same day he slew
that night. The earl of Desmond got up by the the brother of Mac I-Brien, namely, Murrogh, break of day the following morning, and put his the son of Murtogh, a distinguished leader, the
valiant forces into order and battle array, for he most harmless of the youths of the tribe of
expected he should not escape from those two Bryan Roe. After that, the Mac I-Brien called
earls, who were in pursuit of him, without a bat a gathering of his friends to take revenge of
tle. In that opinion he was not mistaken, for they O’Carroll, for the injurious indignity done him;
commenced skirmishing, and fighting each other and after his noble troops had collected about him
from their respective camps, until they arrived at he marched forward and put on the resolution of
the top of Knock-Fuarchoilli. It was there that completely plundering Hy Carthin (Ikerrin in
destiny decreed, and fate permitted them to meet Tipperary), on that expedition. The place where
on the same plain, at which place the sway of O'Carroll happened to be by fate on that night
battle of Clan Cais (the Dalcassians) had forsaken before him was, on the top of a hill in Ikerrin, on
them on that day, for it had been till then their which he could hear any movement going on in accustomed lot to defeat the Geraldines before the country about him, and it was at the foot of
them on every hill on which they had hitherto the hill where O'Carroll rested, that Mac I-Brien engaged; but even on that day, Teige, the son of sent forth his scouts to plunder the districts. After Murrogh O’Brien, fought on the same side with these parties had gone forth from him, O'Carroll Gerald in the battle. Gerald, the son of James, and perceived them in battle array, and in fighting Teige O'Brien, turned the destruction of the bat order, but not one escaped the power of his arms, tle and the conflict of the hill against the noble or otherwise being captured, of those that and warlike earls, who coveted his subjugation, came within his reach that place. On that and sought to dispossess him; so that they (the occasion, every one Mac I-Brien’s party who earls), left their men under the power of the arms fought were slain, and among those killed was his of their opponents, and at the mercy of their ene constable, Heremon, the son Giolla Duv, son mies. They left on the field Donogh Gobha, the Conor, son Donogh Mac Sweeney; Mac son of Bryan, son of Torlogh, son of Teige Mac I-Brien himself was taken prisoner, and there was Mahon, and a number of the chiefs of Siol Aodha profit that capture, for was not set liberty
without ransom.
chief constable of Clanrickard, namely, Edmond, Teige-an-tSuasain, the son Donal, son
the son of Roderick More Mac Sweeney, and Conor O’Brien, died Fermanagh, the Colla, the son of Murrogh, son of Roderick More; territory Maguire, while visiting amongst his
the three sons of Murrogh, the son of Donogh, son remote friends, after had been expelled from of Donal of the Defeats Mac Sweeney, namely, his patrimony along with his father, the year Conor, the constable of Thomond; also Owen and before that; was the most distinguished man Donogh, and the sons of Edmond, the son of Mur his age for swiftness foot, activity, military rogh, son of Edmond Mac Sweeney, namely, achievements, and equestrianism, the race Maolmurry Buidhe and Donogh. We shall, how Cormac Cas, and he was interred Aughavea. ever, enumerate no more, but the earl of Desmond Calvach O’Donnell was taken prisoner by returned home after a victorious conquest and suc O’Neill, i. e. Shane (John), the 14th May, cessful defeat. -- which happened after the following manner:
(MacNamaras of Clare) were slain there, with the
O'Carroll, i. e. William Odhar, the son of FeaIr Cathbar, the son Manus, having been con ganainm, son of Mulroona, son of John, marched tention with Calvach and his son Con, and the at the head of a powerful force against the Mac place kept
where Cathwar his residence was Brien of Ara, (in Tipperary), namely, Torlogh, the the Cranoge Lough Beatha. Con, the son
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IREIGN OF ELIZABETH. - 449 Calvach, collected the forces of the country and laid at Killodtomrair, with a few forces, besides some
women and poets; a party of the Tirconnallians
despising those titles, assumed that of king of Munster, and, having confederated with O'Sullivan, Mac Donogh, Mac Sweeney, and others, laid waste the possessionsof the English settlers in Roche's country, and carried off seven hundred sheep, fifteen hun dred cows, and one hundred garrons. In 1568 Henry Sydney returned lord deputy landed Carrickfergus Septem
queenMary, was continued lord deputy, and had an army of 1360 foot, and 320 horse, but going to England the same year, sir Henry Sydney, president of Wales, was sent over as lord deputy; he marched northward to defend the Pale, and having proceeded
siege to the Cramoge, and Calvach was at this time
Reign of Elizabeth. -On the death of queenMary, on the 17th of November, 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth, daughter of Henry
VIII. by his second wife Anne Boleyn, succeeded as queen of England; Elizabeth was then in the 25th year of her age, and died on the 24th of March, A. D. 1603, in the 70th year of her age, and 45th of her reign.
Lords Lieutenant and Deputies. —The following account of ber, and received the submission Torlogh Lynogh O'Neill, who, the lords lieutenants, deputies, and lords justices, in the reign of the death John, assumed the title O'Neill, and having Elizabeth, has been collected from Borlase's Reduction of Ireland, defeatedthe Scots, and slain their chief, Alexander Oge Mac Don. Cox's Hibernia Anglicana, Ware, and various other sources. In nell, took body one thousand Scots into his pay. The 1558, Thomas Ratcliffe, earl of Sussex, who had served under deputy then proceeded Dublin, where convened Parliament
January, which, amongst other statutes, Act attainder was passed against the late Shane O'Neill, and for the extinction the name O'Neill, and that the queen entitled the county Tyrone, and other parts Ulster. 1569 Peter Carew, to Dundalk, had a conference with Shane O'Neill, at whose re who took the barony Idrone Carlow from the Cavenaghs, quest he became his gossip, and attended as sponsor at the chris became president Leinster, and sir John Perrott was appointed tening of his child. Shane (John), having assumed the title of lord president Munster; this year Pope Pius issued the
the O'Neill, was in contention with his brother Ferdorcha, whom
the English writers call Matthew, and who had been created baron
of Dungannon, and was to succeed his father Conn, as earl of Ty
rone. In 1559, Thomas, earl of Sussex, returned as lord lieu
tenant, and landed at Bullock, near Dublin, on the 27th of August,
and in January following held a Parliament at Dublin, in which,
amongst various other statutes, it was enacted, that every person
holding any ecclesiastical or temporal offices, must take the oath
of supremacy, and also an Act for consecrating archbishops and
bishops, and maintaining the queen's right to the crown of Ire period came land, and making it treason to deny her authority; and, according
to Mac Geoghegan, a proclamation was issued to abolish the Mass. Sussex had, according to Cox, instructions to people Ulster with English, and to recover Lecale, Newry, and Carlingford, from the Scots; Sussex returned to England, and in February, 1560, sir
William Fitz-William was appointed lord deputy. Shane O'Neill at this time reduced Calvach O'Donnell, Maguire, O'Reilly, and other chiefs to subjection, and assumed the sovereignty of Ulster. In 1561, about April, the earl of Sussex came over again as lord lieutenant, and sir William Fitz-William was appointed lord jus tice. Sussex received the submission of Shane O'Neill, and re turned to England in January, leaving Fitz-William as lord jus tice. In 1562, in July, Sussex came back as lord lieutenant, and in 1563, during the months of April, May, and June, he carried on contests with Shane O'Neill in Ulster, and had various conflicts with his forces at Dungannon, Tullaghoge, Armagh, and other places, committed great depredations, and carried off, according to Cox, no less than three thousand three hundred kine, and one thousand five hundred garrons (horses) and mares, which were divided amongst his soldiers, and he then returned to Drogheda. About this time the lord lieutenant Sussex formedthe ancient ter ritory of Anally into the county of Longford, and Connaught was divided into six counties, Clare, Galway, Mayo, Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim, but Clare was afterwards added to Munster; the various Irish chiefs of those territories were deprived of the au thority they held under the laws of tanistry, and compelled to make their submission to the crown. In 1564 Sussex was recalled, and in 1565 sir Nicholas Arnold came from England as lord jus tice in May, and had an army of 1596 men, but he was recalled in the month of January following. In 1565 sir Henry Sydney, who had been treasurer of Ireland under queen Mary, came over as lord deputy in January, and in 1566 carried on contests with Shane O'Neill in Ulster, and took from his territory, according to Cox, two thousand cows, and five hundred garrons. He restored to O'Donnell the castles of Donegal and Ballyshannon ; in this year sir Warham St. Leger was appointed president of Munster, and sir Edward Fitton, president of Connaught. In 1567 Sydney went to England, and left the Rev. Dr. Robert Weston, lord chan cellor, and sir William Fitz-Willian, treasurer, as lords justices. At this time Donal Mac Carthy More of Desmond, who in 1565 had been created earl of Glencar, and baron of Valentia, says Cox,
Sydney returned Skerries,
5th March, Bull excommunication against queen Elizabeth. 1571 Sydney went England, and his brother-in-law sir Wil
liam Fitz-William was appointed
lord deputy. To maintain the war
penses, was computed, according
since she came the crown this time, had spent £490,779, nearly half million money, enormous sum those days, and estimated equivalent ten twelve times the amount
the present day, while, says, the revenue during the same
more than £120,000. 1575 sir Henry third time lord deputy, and having landed
the 12th September, proceeded thence Drogheda, the plague raged Dublin; he marched into Ulster against the Scots, who, under Sorley Buighe Mac Donnell, had attacked Carrickfergus and other places, slew many the Eng lish, plundered their settlements, and took possession the Glinns
and Routes Antrim, and devastated all the country far Newry, where marshal Bagnall resided. Sydney next proceeded Leinster, and Kilkenny received the submission the cele
brated Rory Oge O'Moore, who had laid waste the English settle ments Kildare, King's and Queen's counties. He next pro ceeded Waterford, where he was magnificently received, and
there attended the burial sir Peter Carew, whose ancestors, says Cox, had been marquesses Cork, and who claimed mighty estate, comprising the greater part ancient Desmond, the counties Cork, Waterford, and Kerry, and Mae Carthy Riagh, Cormac Mac Teige, Mac Carthy Muskerry, Barry Oge Bar rymore, O'Mahony, O'Driscoll, O'Daly, and other great chiefs, apparently recognised Carew's claims opposition the Fitz geralds, earls Desmond, and proposed that sir Peter would come and reside amongst them they would advance him three thousand kine, with sheep, hogs, and corn, and annually pay him all reasonable demands, but his death put end all these spe culations. The deputy proceeded Cork and Limerick, received the submission many chiefs, and went Thomond, which, says Cox, “formerly belonged the English lords Clare, and was inhabited by many English, but now not man English ex traction found there. ” He imprisoned the earl Thomond,
kept his brother irons, and made Donal O'Brien sheriff; thence went Galway where came, says Cox, seven the family Clan-Donnells, and after them Mac Willian Eighter, who could
speak Latin though could not speak English, and made his submission; the O'Malleys and other chiefs Mayo, and likewise the sons the earl Clanrickard, who were called Mac-an Earlas, made their submission, and 1576 the lord deputy re
visit Galway again, Clanrickard's sons,
and having taken Clanrickard's castles,
Dublin. The lord deputy then proceeded Limerick, and
appointed sir William Drury, president Munster; then marched again into Galway oppose the earl Clanrickard's
turned Dublin, but soon after was obliged put down the insurrection under the earl
sent the earl prisoner
lord justice, and afterwards Ireland and various ex Cox, that queen Elizabeth,
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450 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1559.
:
informed O’Neill that Calvach was in that place unguarded and unprotected. The opportunity was
sons, who had gotten two thousand Scots to their assistance, and
besieged Loughrea, but were defeated by the English forces as
sisted by Mac William Oughter; Sydney restored Mac William to most of his castles, and having appointed sir Nicholas Malby
not neglected by O’Neill, and he proceeded with all the forces he could possibly collect, unawares and
liament in Dublin, of which an account is given in these Annals, and in it amongst other statutes, an act was passed sgainst witch
craft and sorcery. Perrott proceeded to Ulster in summer to oppose the Scots who had landed with great forces under Alex ander Mac Sorley Buighe Mac Donnell, and he received the sub mission of various Irish chiefs at Dungannon. In one of their encounters with the English forces the Scots were defeated near Strabane, according to Cox, and their commander Alexander Mac Donnell, being taken prisoner, his head was cut off and sent to Dub lin, where it was fixed on a pole, and on the deputy's return to Dublin in August, old Sorley Buighe himself came and made his submission. In 1558 Perrott was recalled on some charge of misgovernment, and after his return to England was tried for high treason, found guilty, and imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he died in 1592; Perrott was said to be a natural son of king Henry VIII. , and in a passage from his life quoted by Bor lase, his government of Ireland is thus praised:—“Pacificavit Conaciam, relaxavit Mediam, subjugavit Ultoniam, fregit Lage niam, ligavit Momoniam, extirpavit Scotos, refrenavit Anglos. ” In 1588 sir William Fitzwilliam, who had before been chief gover nor, was again appointed lord deputy on the 30th of June ; when he sought some reward for his services, says Cox, “he was an swered at White Hall, that the government of Ireland was a pre ferment and not a service, and he ever after endeavoured to make his profit of that office. ” Several vesselsbelonging to the Spanish Armada having been wrecked on the coast of Ulster, the lord deputy proceeded there to seize the treasure, of which affair an account is hereafter given. In 1589 Fitzwilliam proceeded to Connaught, and received at Galway the submission of sir Murrogh O'Flaherty, several of the Burkes, and other chiefs. In 1593 the University of Trinity College, Dublin, was founded. In 1594 Fitz william was recalled, and sir William Russell, youngest son of Francis, earl of Bedford, was appointed lord deputy, and arrived at Howth on 31st of July. Hugh O'Neill, earl of Tyrone, made his submisssion to the deputy, but in 1595 again took up arms against the queen, in Ulster, and was proclaimed a traitor; sir John Norris was sent over as commander of the army. In 1594–
governor of Connaught, he returned to Dublin in October, and
continued lord deputy till September, 1578, when he went to
England, having been at different times eleven years chief gover
nor of Ireland. In 1578 sir William Drury was appointed lord
deputy, and having marched to Munster against the earl of Des
mond, he came to Limerick, where he executed twenty-two crimi
mals, and thirty-six at Kilkenny, one of which, says Cox, “was a
blackamoor, and two others were witches, and condemned by
the law of nature, for there was no positive law against witch
craft in those days. ” From this curious circumstance mentioned
by sir Richard Cox, who was a lawyer and had beenlord chancellor
of Ireland, it appears that he believed that these persons executed
were actually witches, and an act against witchcraft was passed
in this reign, A. D. 1585, in the Parliament held in Dublin by the
lord deputy sir John Perrott. The deputy afterwards went to
Waterford, in September 1579, where he soonafter died. In I579,
on the death of Drury, sir William Pelham was made lord justice
in October, and having appointed the earl of Ormond governor of
Munster, and sir Warham St. Leger, marshal of that province, he
soon after in person proceeded to Kilkenny, Cashel, and Limerick,
to organise Munster against the earl of Desmond, and afterwards
went to Thomond, Galway, and Athlone, and returned to Dublin
in January; he next proceeded to Wexford, Waterford, Clonmel,
and Limerick, and concerted measures with the earl of Ormond
against Desmond, with whose forces he had several engagements
in Connello, and other parts of Limerick and Kerry, and proceed
ing through those two counties, the English forces plundered and
ravaged the territories of the earl of Desmond, and of the Fitz
maurices, barons of Lixnaw, and carried off several thousand sheep
and cattle. In 1580 Arthur Grey, called lord Grey of Wilton,
came to Ireland as lord deputy, and landed at Howth on the 12th
of August, and was sworn in St. Patrick's church on the 14th of
September. He appointed the earl of Ormond governor of Mun
ster, and Adam Loftus archbishop of Dublin, and the earl of Kil 95–96, Russell made campaigns in Ulster, Connaught, and Lein dare, governors of the Pale, and captain Zouch, governor of Mun
ster. The lord deputy Grey had various conflicts with the earl of Desmond, and the Irish chiefs of Leinster and Munster, and in his
time also took place the massacre of the Spaniards in Kerry, all of which events are hereafter related in the courseof theseAnnals.
From the many acts of cruelty committed by lord Grey, he was recalled in 1582, and left Ireland in August. In 1582 Adam Loftus, archbishop of Dublin and lord chancellor, and sir Henry Wallop, treasurer of the army, were in September appointed lords
justices; the earl of Ormond arrived from England and landed at Waterford with 400 men; he was made governor of Munster, and attacked the earl of Desmond's forces. In 1584 sir John Perrott was appointed lord deputy, and landed at Dalkey in June; sir
ster, as related in the course of these Annals. In 1595 general Norris was appointed president of Munster, and in 1597 sir
Richard Bingham, for his great severity, was removed from the government of Connaught, and sir Conyers Clifford appointed in his place. Disagreements having arisen between Russell and general Norris, the deputy was recalled. In 1597 Thomas, lord Boroughs, was appointed lord deputy, arrived in Dublin on the 15th of May, and received the sword in St. Patrick's church, on Sunday the 22nd ; he made a campaign to Ulster, and in a con flict with Hugh O'Neill, his forces were defeated, and himself mortally wounded, and, according to Mac Geoghegan, he was car ried to Newry where he died in a few days. In 1597, on the 30th of October, sir Thomas Norris, president of Munster, brother to
John Norris was appointed president of Munster, and sir Richard
Bingham governor of Connaught. The deputy proceeded to Mul pointed lord justice, but he soon after resigned, and in the same
lingar, and thence to Galway and to Limerick, and afterwards to Leinster, and received in the different provinces the submission of many chiefs; he returned to Dublin, and soon after proceeded to
Ulster with one thousand foot, some kerns, and, says Cox, the risings out of the Pale, and at Newry received the submission of Torlogh Lynogh O'Neill, Magennis, Mac Mahon, and other chiefs; he sent some ships to Lough Foyle to attack the Scots, and pro ceeded to Clannaboy against Sorley Buighe and Bryan Carragh Mac Donnell, with whose forces he had many conflicts, and he received submission and hostages from them and the O'Neills, O'Donnells, O’Kanes, &c. Perrott formed sevencounties in Ulster, namely, Armagh, Monaghan, Tyrone, Coleraine, afterwards called Derry, Donegal, Fermanagh, and Cavan, and appointed for the first time sheriffs, justices of the peace, and other officers in those counties, and desired that a chief justice might be sent over to abolish the laws of tanistry. In April 1585, he held a great Par
year Adam Loftus, archbishop of Dublin, lord chancellor, and sir Robert Gardiner, chief justice, were appointed lords justices; the earl of Ormond was appointed lieutenant-general of the army, and sir Henry Bagnall, marshal, who was slain in 1598 at the great battle of the Yellow Ford, near the river Blackwater, on the bor ders of Armagh and Tyrone, in which the English forces were defeated with immense slaughter by Hugh O'Neill, as recorded in these Annals. In 1598 Robert Devereux, earl of Essex, and earl marshal of England, son of Walter, earl of Essex, who had made a settlement in Ulster, in the county of Down, but died at Dublin, as hereafter recorded, was appointed lord lieutenant, and arrived on the 15th of April; he brought over an army of 16,000 foot, and 1300 horse, and was accompanied, says Borlase, by many of the prime gentlemen of England; his army was soon after increased to 20,000 men, well armed, equipped, and disciplined. Sir George Carew was made treasurer at war; on the death of sir Henry
sir John Norris, and son of Henry, lord Norris of Rycot, was ap
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 45 l
unnoticed, until he surrounded the house in which was this, that being in imprisonment with his kins Calvach was, in the monastery; they took himself man Teige, in the town of Leitrim, it happened and his wife, the daughter of Mac Gilleain, and that he got an opportunity of his guards, and hav carried them off into Tyrone. O'Neill after that ing slain the sentinel set over him by Teige, he gave Calvach a direful and merciless imprison went on the top of the castle wall, and cried out ment, and cohabited with Mac Gilleain's daughter that he had the castle in his power, and that it was until she brought forth children to him, and if not fitter for the country to support Teige than
that had not been a temporary respite for the Tir
connallians, it was an unhappy circumstance for
the Irish to have been deprived of their chief after that mannner.
A. D. 1560.
him. A soldier of Teige’s who was outside, having heard this, laid his cheek to his gun, and took a direct aim at Owen, so that the ball passed through his middle, and he fell dead. Teige was drowned in the harvest of this year, while in the act of going to sleep on a low, sequestered Cranoge (or wooden retreat on a lake), in Muintir Eoluis. To attack them was the same as if a serpent’s nest, or to plunder a bird of prey, or to approach a lion’s lair, should they fight on the same side.
The daughter of Mac Carthy, i. e. Eveleen, the
daughter of Donal, son of Cormac Ladhrach, the
wife of the earl of Desmond, namely, of James, the
son of John, son of Thomas, in her youth, and
afterwards the wife of the earl of Thomond, O'Hara, was killed by Cathal Oge, the son of namely, Conor, the son of Donogh, son of Co
nor, died; a charitable, humane, benevolent, pious woman was that countess, and she was interred in the burying place of her ancestors, viz. , at Oirbe lach, (Irrelagh, or Mucruss abbey, at the Lakes of Killarney).
Mac Mahon, i. e. Art Maol, the son of Redmond,
Teige, son of Cathal Oge O'Conor, and there had
son of Glaisne, was slain by the Scots in O'Neill’s
forces, while unguarded, between two armies in the Roe, son of James, son of Edmond. The cause of
Routes of Mac Quillan; he was the foremost in
every battalion, and the defender of his portion of
the province against the men of Bregia and of
Meath. His brother's son, namely Hugh, the son
of Bryan-na-Moicheirghe, son of Redmond, son of dividing between them; and when these noble Glaisne, was appointed his successor. men could not be reconciled, they agreed on a cer
Teige and Owen, the sons of O’Rourke, i. e. tain time to meet in a pitched battle, and the place Bryan Ballach, the son of Owen O'Rourke, came of battle which they appointed was Bothar More, by an untimely death; Owen in the first place, in the neighbourhood of Cnamchoill, and Tippe and the manner in which he came by his death rary. Each party collected their forces respec
Bagnall, sir Richard Bingham was sent over as marshal of the
army, but as soon as he landed he died in Dublin, and sir Samuel
Bagnall was sent with 200 foot and 100 horse, which landed at
Carlingford. Essex made some expeditions in Munster, Leinster,
and Ulster, and lost great numbers of his forces in various con
flicts with the Irish chiefs, but did not succeed in reducing them
to subjection, though he received an additional supply of 1000
men; he returned to England in September, 1599, and having Howth's castle that night. Mountjoy continued lord lieutenant quarrelled with the queen was sent to the Tower, tried for high the year 1603, and death Elizabeth; made many cam treason, and beheaded on the 25th of February, 1601. In 1599 paigns the different provinces, and fought numerous battles with Adam Loftus, archbishop of Dublin and lord chancellor, and sir
George Carew, treasurer at war, were in September appointed lords justices. Sir Thomas Norris, lord president of Munster, died at Mallow of a wound he had received in a conflict with the
Hugh O'Neill, earl Tyrone, Red Hugh O'Donnell, and various
Teige Buighe, the son of Kian, son of Oilioll
never sprung in Connaught of the race of Cormac Gallen a better entertainer of man and horse than he was.
Rumours of war, and appearance of conflict, arose between the earl of Desmond, namely, Ge rald, the son of James, son of John, and the earl of Ormond, i. e. Thomas, son of James, son of Pierce
this contention was some lands along the river Suir and Eoganacht of Cashel (in Tipperary), the inheri tance of the race of Eogan Mor and of the descend ants of Cormac Cas, which estates those earls were
Burkes, and sir Warham St. Leger, marshal of Munster, was slain in single combat near Cork, by Hugh Maguire, chief of Fer managh; George Carew, afterwards earl Totness, was ap pointed lord president Munster, and sir Arthur Savage gover nor Connaught.
afterwards earl landed Howth
1599 sir Charles Blount, lord Mountjoy, Devonshire, was appointed lord lieutenant;
the 24th February, and lodged
lord
other chiefs, which acconnts are given the course these Annals.
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452 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1560.
tively of both English and Irish, from Bealach (Joyce's country, barony of Ballynahinch, county Conglais of the son of Duindesa the Fenian, in the of Galway), through Fuathaidh and Bun-an-Bhon west of the two noble provinces of Munster, to the nain. The people of the town of Galway went to white-blossomed Barrow, and from the lake of prevent him passing Atha-Tire-Hoilein, but he
Garman Glas, the son of Bomalica (Wexford), to
the foaming broad harbour of Limerick, in the ex
tremity of Hy Figinta, and of the lesser Decies (in
Waterford), to Caoil-an-Chosnamha. After those
great armies having met face to face and front to
front, the Almighty God sent the angel of peace sailed with ship's crew and some boats from Aran
to them, to establish concord among those forces, and having sensibly reflected concerning that battle, they separated without fighting on that occasion.
Desmond; took some hostages the southern country, and some affirm that did not get them properly, but that was through friendship they
had come. On his return back with his booty, the Thomas and James, the sons of Maurice Duv, wind became rough and the firmament became son of John, son of Thomas, son of the earl (of stormy, and the ship and boats were separated.
Desmond), marched with a force into Carberry (in While the ship was endeavouring make for Cork). The son of Mac Carthy Riavach attacked Aran, the beginning the night, the sail was the plunderers, namely, Donogh, the son of Do forced from the hand the chief mariner, who was nal, son of Fingin, son of Donal, and Torlogh, winding the rope, and was rent into fragments
passed partly through consent and force, and
crossed through the central plain Clanrick ard, going and returning the same expedition.
Mahon, the son Torlogh, son Teige, son Donogh, son Donal, son Torlogh Meith',
the son of Mulmurry, son of Donogh, son of Tor the air, after which the ship struck rock logh Mac Sweeny, of the tribe of Donogh More, the mouth Cuan-an-Fhir-Moir (Great Man's
from Tuatha Toraidhe (the territories of Tory Is Bay, near the Bay Galway), land, in Donegal), happened to be with him at the naught, and was lost, with
time, with a brave select party of galloglasses. and three others; upwards
They pursued the warlike troops to the banks of drowned the harbour, among whom was Tuathal
the Bandan (the river Bandon), and defeated the invading forces beside the river, exactly opposite Inis Eoghanain (Inishannon), on the other side.