& 5;
Cercyon, who, on recognising by the dress whose Schol.
Cercyon, who, on recognising by the dress whose Schol.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
14.
)' On the an- kept bim imprisoned for thirteen months; so that
nexed coin the inscription is Imp. C. ALLECT US. he would have perished, had not Hermes been in-
P. F. AUG.
(L. S. ] formed of it by Eriboea, and secretly liberated the
prisoner. The same stories are related by Apollo
dorus (i. 7. § 4), who however does not make them
perish in the attempt upon Olympus. According
to him, they actually piled the mountains upon
one another, and threatened to change land into
sea and sea into land. They are further said to
have grown every year one cubit in breadth and
three in height. As another proof of their daring,
A. ALLIE'NUS. 1. A friend of Cicero's, who it is related, that Ephialtes sued for the hand of
is spoken of by him in high terms. He was the Hera, and Otus for that of Artemis. But this led
legate of Q. Cicero in Asia, B. c. 60 (Cic. ad Qu. I to their destruction in the island of Naxos. (Comp.
## p. 133 (#153) ############################################
ALOPE.
133
ALPHEIUS.
Pind. Pyth. iv. 156, &c. ) Here Artemis appeared in Thessaly, was believed to have derived its name
to them in the form of a stag, and ran between from her. "(Pherecyd. ap. Steph. Byz. s. v. 'Alóm,
the two brothers, who, both aiming at the animal where, however, Philonides speaks of an Alope as
at the same time, shot each other dead. Hyginus a daughter of Actor. ) There was a monument of
(Fab. 28) relates their death in a similar manner, Alope on the road from Eleusis to Megara, on the
but makes Apollo send the fatal stag. (Comp. spot where she was believed to have been killed
Callim. Hymn, in Dian. 264; Apollon. Rhod. i. by her father. (Paus. i. 39. $ 3. ) [L. S. ]
484, with the Schol. ) As a punishment for their ALOʻPECUS. (ASTRABACUS. )
presumption, they were, in Hades, tied to a pillar ALORCUS, a Spaniard in Hannibal's army,
with serpents, with their faces turned away from who was a friend and hospes of the Saguntines,
each other, and were perpetually tormented by went into Saguntum, when the city was reduced
the shrieks of an owl. (Munck, ad Hygin. 1. c. ; to the last extremity, to endeavour to persuade the
Virg. Aen. vi. 582. ) Diodorus (v. 50, &c. ), who inhabitants to accept Hannibal's terms. (Liv. xxi.
does not mention the Homeric stories, contrives to | 12, &c. )
give to his account an appearance of history. Ac- ALPHAEA, ALPHEAEA, or ALPHEIU'SA
cording to him, the Aloeidae are Thessalian beroes ('Arpaia, 'Anpeala, or 'Alpetouga), a surname of
who were sent out by their father Aloeus to fetch Artemis, which she derived from the river god
back their mother Iphimedeia and her daughter Alpheius, who loved her, and under which she
Pancratis, who had been carried off by Thracians. was worshipped at Letrini in Elis (Paus. vi. 22. $
After having overtaken and defeated the Thracians 5; Strab. viii
. p. 343), and in Ortygia. (Schol
.
in the island of Strongyle (Naxos), they settled ad Pind. Pyth. ii. 12, Nem. i. 3. ) (L. S. )
there as rulers over the Thracians. But soon after, ALPHEIAS, a name by which Ovid (Met. v.
they killed each other in a dispute which had 487) designates the nymph of the Sicilian well
arisen between them, and the Naxians worshipped Aretbusa, because it was believed to have a sub-
them as beroes. The foundation of the town of terraneous communication with the river Alpheius,
Aloïum in Thessaly was ascribed to them. (Steph. in Peloponnesus.
(L. S. )
Byz. 8. o. ) In all these traditions the Aloeidae are ALPHEIUS or A'LPHEUS ('Alpeids or
represented as only remarkable for their gigantic 'Alpeós), the god of the river Alpheius in Pelo-
physical strength; but there is another story which ponnesus, a son of Oceanus and Thetys. (Pind.
places them in a different light. Pausanias (ix. Nem. i. 1; Hes. Theog. 338. ) According to
29. § 1) relates, that they were believed to have Pausanias (v. 7. & 2) Alpheius was a passionate
been the first of all men who worshipped the hunter and fell in love with the nymph Arethusa,
Muses on mount Helicon, and to have consecrated but she fled from him to the island of Ortygia
this mountain to them; but they worshipped only near Syracuse, and metamorphosed herself into a
three MusesMelete, Mneme, and Aoide, and well, whereupon Alpheius became a river, which
founded the town of Ascra in Boeotia. Sepulchral flowing from Peloponnesus under the sea to Or-
monuments of the Aloeidae were seen in the time tygia, there united its waters with those of the
of Pausanias (ix. 22. & 5) near the Boeotian town well Arethusa. (Comp. Schol. ad Pind. Nem. i.
of Anthedon. Later times fabled of their bones 3. ) This story is related somewhat differently by
being seen in Thessaly. (Philostr. i. 3. ) The in-Ovid. (Met. v. 572, &c. ) Arethusa, a fair nymph,
terpretation of these traditions by etymologies from once while bathing in the river Alpheius in Arca-
wwéw and dawl, which has been attempted by dia, was surprised and pursued by the god; but
modern scholars, is little satisfactory. [L. S. ] Artemis took pity upon her and changed her into
ALO'EUS (Alweús). 1. A son of Poseidon a well, which Howed under the earth to the island
and Canace. He married Iphimedeia, the daugh- of Ortygia. (Comp. Serv. ad Virg. Ed. x. 4;
ter of Triops, wbo was in love with Poseidon, and Virg. Aen. iii. 694; Suat. Silv. i. 2, 203; Theb.
used to walk by the sea-side, take her hands full i. 271, iv. 239; Lucian, Dial. Marin. 3. ) Artemis,
of its water, and sprinkle her bosom with it. The who is here only mentioned incidentally, was, ac-
two sons whom she bad by Poseidon were called cording to other traditions, the object of the love of
Aloeidae. (Hom. N. v. 385, Od. xi. 305; Apollod. Alpheius. Once, it is said, when pursned by him
i. 7. § 4. ) [ALOEIDAE. )
she fled to Letrini in Elis, and here she covered
2. A son of Helios by Circe or Antiope, who her face and those of her companions (nymphs) with
received from his father the sovereignty over the mud, so that Alpheius could not discover or
district of Asopia. (Paus. ii. 1. $ 6, 3. & 8. ) (L. S. ) distinguish her, and was obliged to retum. (Paus.
AʼLOPE (Axóan), a daughter of Cercyon, vi. 22. & 5. ) This occasioned the building of a
who was beloved by Poseidon on account of her temple of Artemis Alphaea at Letrini. According
great beauty, and became by him the mother of to another version, the goddess fled to Ortygia,
a son, whom she exposed immediately after his where she had likewise a temple under the name
birth. But a mare came and suckled the child of Alphaea. (Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. ii. 12. ) An
until it was found by shepherds, who fell into a allusion to Alpheius' love of Artemis is also con-
dispute as to who was to have the beautiful kingly tained in the fact, that at Olympia the two divini-
attire of the boy. The case was bronght before ties bad one altar in common. (Paus. v. 14.
& 5;
Cercyon, who, on recognising by the dress whose Schol. ad Pind. Ol. v. 10. ) In these accounts
child the boy was, ordered Alope to be imprisoned two or more distinct stories seem to be mixed up
in order to be put to death, and her child to be ex- together, but they probably originated in the
posed again. The latter was fed and found in the popular belief, that there was a natural subterra-
same manner as before, and the shepherds called neous communication between the river Alpheius
him Hippothous. (HIPPOTHOUS. ) 'The body of and the well Arethusa. For, among several other
Alope was changed by Poseidon into a well, which things it was believed, that a cup thrown into the
bore the same name. (Hygin. Fub. 187; Paus. i. Alpheius would make its reappearance in the well
5. $ 2; Aristoph. Av. 533. ) The town of Alope, | Arethusa in Ortygia. (Strab. vi. p. 270, viii. p.
ܪ
## p. 134 (#154) ############################################
134
ALTHAEA.
ALYATTES.
a contest.
3
343; Senec. Quacst. Nat. iii. 26; Fulgent. Mytk. 171, 174. ) Althaea is especially celebrated in
iii. 12. )
Plutarch (ule Fluv. 19) gives an account ancient story on account of the tragic fate of her
which is altogether unconnected with those men- son Meleager, who also became the cause of her
tioned above. According to him, Alpheius was a death. Some say that she hung herself, others
son of Helios, and killed bis brother Cercaphus in that she killed herself with a dagger. (Apollod. i.
Haunted by despair and the Erinnyes 8. $ 3; Ov. Met. vii. 445, &c. ) (L. S. ]
he leapt into the river Nyctimus which hence re- ALTHE'MENES or ALTHAE'MENES ('Al-
ceived the name Alpheius.
(L. S. ] θημένης or 'Αλθαιμένης), a son of Catreus, king of
ALPHE'NOR. (N10BE. )
Crete. In consequence of an oracle, that Catreus
ALPITE'NUS VĀRUS. [VARUS. ]
would lose his life by one of his children, Althe-
ALPHESIBOEA ('Alpeoiboia). 1. The mo menes quitted Crete together with his sister Ane-
ther of Adonis. [Adonis. ]
mosyne, in order to avoid becoming the instrument
2. A daughter of Phegeus, who married Al- of his father's death. He landed in Rhodes at a
maeon. (ALCM A EON. }
place which he called Cretenia, and in remembrance
3. According to Theocritus (iii. 45) a daughter of the god of his own native island, he erected on
of Bias, and the wife of Pelias. The latter, how- mount A tabyrus an altar to Zcus Atabyrius. His
ever, is usually called Anaxibia.
sister was beduced in Rhodes by Hermes, but
4. An Indian nymph, who was passionately Althemenes, disbelieving her account, killed her
loved by Dionysus, but could not be induced to by kicking her with his fool. When Catreus had
yield to his wishes, until the god changed himself become advanced in years, he had an invincible
into a tiger, and thus compelled her by fear to desire to see his only son once more, and to place
allow him to carry her across the river Sollax, his crown in his hands. He accordingly sailed to
which from this circumstance received the name of Rhodes. On his landing there, he and his com-
Tigris. (Plut. de Fluv. 24. )
(L. S. ] panions were attacked by shepherds, who mistook
ALPHE’US MYTILENAEUS ( Alpeios Mu- them for pirates. During the ensuing struggle,
Tilnvaios), the author of about twelve epigrams Althemenes came to the protection of his subjects,
in the Greek Anthology, some of which seem to and shot his own father dead. When he became
point out the time when he wrote. In the seventh | aware of what he had done, he prayed to the gods,
epigram (Jacobs) he refers to the state of the Ro and was swallowed up by the earth. Tbis is the
man empire, as embracing almost all the known account of Apollodorus (iii. 2. $ 1, &c. ), with
world ; in the ninth he speaks of the restored and which Diodorus (v. 59) agrees in the main points,
fiourishing city of Troy ; and in the tenth he als except that he represents Althemenes as wander-
ludes to an epigram by Antipater Sidonius. Now ing about after the murder, and at last dying with
Antipater lived under Augustus, and Troy had re- grief. He adds, that the Rhodians subsequently
ceived great favours from Julius Caesar and Au- worshipped him as a hero.
(L. S. )
gustus. (Strab. xiii. p. 889. ) Hence it is not ALTHE'PUS (Anontos), a son of Poseidon
improbable that Alpheus wrote under Augustus. and Leïs, a daughter of Orus, king of Troezen.
It is true that in the fourth epigram he addresses The territory of Troezen was called after him
a certain Macrinus, but there is no reason to sup- Althepia. In his reign Pallas and Poseidon dis-
pose that this was the emperor Macrinus. Ano puted the possession of the country with each
ther difficulty has been started, on the ground that other. (Paus. ii. 30. $ 6. )
(L. S. )
the eleventh epigram was inscribed, as we learn ALYATTES ('AlváTTS), king of Lydia, suc-
from Pausanias (viii. 52. & 3), on the statue of ceeded his father Sadyattes, B. C. 618. Sadyaties
Philopoemen in Tegea, and that it is very impro during the last six years of his reign had been en-
bable that such a statue should have stood without gaged in a war with Miletus, which was continued
an inscription till the time of Alpheus. But the by his son five years longer. In the last of these
simple fact is, that no reason can be discovered for years Alyattes burnt a temple of Athena, and fall
attributing this epigram to Alpheus. (Jacobs, An- ing sick shortly afterwards, he sent to Delphi for
thol. Graec. xiii. p. 839. )
[P. S. ) adrice ; but the oracle refused to give him an an-
ALPHIUS AVITUS. [Avitus. ]
swer till he had rebuilt the temple. This he did,
ALPI'NUS, a name which Horace (Sat. i. 10. and recovered in consequence, and made peace
36) gives in ridicule to a bombastic poet. He pro with Miletus. He subsequently carried on war with
bably means M. Furius Bibaculus. [BIBACULUS. ) Cyaxares, king of Media, drove the Cimmerians
ALPINUS MONTANUS, one of the Treviri, out of Asia, took Smyrna, and attacked Clazomenae.
the most powerful of the Belgic people, and the The war with Cyaxares, which lasted for five years,
commander of a cohort in the army of Vitellius, from B. c. 590 to 585, arose in consequence of
was sent into Germany after the battle of Cremona, Alyattes receiving under his protection some Scy-
A. D. 70. Together with his brother, D. Alpinus, thians who had fled to him after injuring Cyaxares.
he joined Civilis in the next year. (Tac. Hist. ii. An eclipse of the sun, which happened while the
35, iv. 31, v. 59. ) [Civilis. ]
armies of the two kings were fighting, led to a
ALTHAEA ('Andala), a daughter of the Aeto peace between them, and this was cemented by
lian king Thestius and Eurythemis, and sister of the marriage of Astyages, the son of Cyaxares, with
Leda, Hypermnestra, Iphiclus, Euippus, &c. She Aryenis, the daughter of Alyattes. Alyaites died
was married to Oeneus, king of Calydon, by whom B. c. 561 or 560, after a reign of fifty-seven years,
she became the moother of Troxeus, Thyreus, Cly- and was succeeded by his son Croesus, who appears
menus, and Meleager, and of two daughters, Gorge to have been previously associated with bis father in
and Dežaneira. (Apollod. i. 7. § 10, 8. § 1. ) the government. (Herod. i. 16-22, 25, 73, 74. )
A pollodorus states, that according to some, Mele- The tomb (oñua) of Alyattes is mentioned by
ager was regarded as the fruit of her intercourse Herodotus (i. 93) as one of the wonders of Lydia
with Ares, and that she was mother of Dei- It was north of Sardis, near the lake Gygaea, and
aneira by Dionysus. (Comp. Hygin. Fab. 129, consisted of a large mound of carth, raised upon a
a
## p. 135 (#155) ############################################
ALYPIUS.
135
AMAESIA.
foundation of great stones. It was erected by the Burney, Hisl. of Music, rol. i. p. 83), and they seem
tradespeople, mechanics, and courtezans, and on to belong to an earlier stage of the science. How-
the top of it there were five pillars, which Hero- ever, the work serves to throw some light on the
dotus saw, and on which were mentioned the dif- obscure history of the modes. (See Böckh, de
ferent portions raised by each; from this it ap- Metr. Pind. c. 8. p. 235, c. 9. 12. ) The text,
peared that the courtezans did the greater part. which seemed hopelessly corrupt to Meursius, its
It measured six plethra and two stadia in circum- first editor, was restored, apparently with suc-
ference, and thirteen plethra in breadth. Accord- cess, by the labours of the learned and indefatiga-
ing to some writers, it was called the tomb of the ble Meibomius. (Antiquae Musicae Auctores
courtezan," and was erected by a mistress of Gyges. Septem, ed. Marc. Meibomius, Amstel. 1652 ;
(Clearch. ap. Athen. xiii. p.
nexed coin the inscription is Imp. C. ALLECT US. he would have perished, had not Hermes been in-
P. F. AUG.
(L. S. ] formed of it by Eriboea, and secretly liberated the
prisoner. The same stories are related by Apollo
dorus (i. 7. § 4), who however does not make them
perish in the attempt upon Olympus. According
to him, they actually piled the mountains upon
one another, and threatened to change land into
sea and sea into land. They are further said to
have grown every year one cubit in breadth and
three in height. As another proof of their daring,
A. ALLIE'NUS. 1. A friend of Cicero's, who it is related, that Ephialtes sued for the hand of
is spoken of by him in high terms. He was the Hera, and Otus for that of Artemis. But this led
legate of Q. Cicero in Asia, B. c. 60 (Cic. ad Qu. I to their destruction in the island of Naxos. (Comp.
## p. 133 (#153) ############################################
ALOPE.
133
ALPHEIUS.
Pind. Pyth. iv. 156, &c. ) Here Artemis appeared in Thessaly, was believed to have derived its name
to them in the form of a stag, and ran between from her. "(Pherecyd. ap. Steph. Byz. s. v. 'Alóm,
the two brothers, who, both aiming at the animal where, however, Philonides speaks of an Alope as
at the same time, shot each other dead. Hyginus a daughter of Actor. ) There was a monument of
(Fab. 28) relates their death in a similar manner, Alope on the road from Eleusis to Megara, on the
but makes Apollo send the fatal stag. (Comp. spot where she was believed to have been killed
Callim. Hymn, in Dian. 264; Apollon. Rhod. i. by her father. (Paus. i. 39. $ 3. ) [L. S. ]
484, with the Schol. ) As a punishment for their ALOʻPECUS. (ASTRABACUS. )
presumption, they were, in Hades, tied to a pillar ALORCUS, a Spaniard in Hannibal's army,
with serpents, with their faces turned away from who was a friend and hospes of the Saguntines,
each other, and were perpetually tormented by went into Saguntum, when the city was reduced
the shrieks of an owl. (Munck, ad Hygin. 1. c. ; to the last extremity, to endeavour to persuade the
Virg. Aen. vi. 582. ) Diodorus (v. 50, &c. ), who inhabitants to accept Hannibal's terms. (Liv. xxi.
does not mention the Homeric stories, contrives to | 12, &c. )
give to his account an appearance of history. Ac- ALPHAEA, ALPHEAEA, or ALPHEIU'SA
cording to him, the Aloeidae are Thessalian beroes ('Arpaia, 'Anpeala, or 'Alpetouga), a surname of
who were sent out by their father Aloeus to fetch Artemis, which she derived from the river god
back their mother Iphimedeia and her daughter Alpheius, who loved her, and under which she
Pancratis, who had been carried off by Thracians. was worshipped at Letrini in Elis (Paus. vi. 22. $
After having overtaken and defeated the Thracians 5; Strab. viii
. p. 343), and in Ortygia. (Schol
.
in the island of Strongyle (Naxos), they settled ad Pind. Pyth. ii. 12, Nem. i. 3. ) (L. S. )
there as rulers over the Thracians. But soon after, ALPHEIAS, a name by which Ovid (Met. v.
they killed each other in a dispute which had 487) designates the nymph of the Sicilian well
arisen between them, and the Naxians worshipped Aretbusa, because it was believed to have a sub-
them as beroes. The foundation of the town of terraneous communication with the river Alpheius,
Aloïum in Thessaly was ascribed to them. (Steph. in Peloponnesus.
(L. S. )
Byz. 8. o. ) In all these traditions the Aloeidae are ALPHEIUS or A'LPHEUS ('Alpeids or
represented as only remarkable for their gigantic 'Alpeós), the god of the river Alpheius in Pelo-
physical strength; but there is another story which ponnesus, a son of Oceanus and Thetys. (Pind.
places them in a different light. Pausanias (ix. Nem. i. 1; Hes. Theog. 338. ) According to
29. § 1) relates, that they were believed to have Pausanias (v. 7. & 2) Alpheius was a passionate
been the first of all men who worshipped the hunter and fell in love with the nymph Arethusa,
Muses on mount Helicon, and to have consecrated but she fled from him to the island of Ortygia
this mountain to them; but they worshipped only near Syracuse, and metamorphosed herself into a
three MusesMelete, Mneme, and Aoide, and well, whereupon Alpheius became a river, which
founded the town of Ascra in Boeotia. Sepulchral flowing from Peloponnesus under the sea to Or-
monuments of the Aloeidae were seen in the time tygia, there united its waters with those of the
of Pausanias (ix. 22. & 5) near the Boeotian town well Arethusa. (Comp. Schol. ad Pind. Nem. i.
of Anthedon. Later times fabled of their bones 3. ) This story is related somewhat differently by
being seen in Thessaly. (Philostr. i. 3. ) The in-Ovid. (Met. v. 572, &c. ) Arethusa, a fair nymph,
terpretation of these traditions by etymologies from once while bathing in the river Alpheius in Arca-
wwéw and dawl, which has been attempted by dia, was surprised and pursued by the god; but
modern scholars, is little satisfactory. [L. S. ] Artemis took pity upon her and changed her into
ALO'EUS (Alweús). 1. A son of Poseidon a well, which Howed under the earth to the island
and Canace. He married Iphimedeia, the daugh- of Ortygia. (Comp. Serv. ad Virg. Ed. x. 4;
ter of Triops, wbo was in love with Poseidon, and Virg. Aen. iii. 694; Suat. Silv. i. 2, 203; Theb.
used to walk by the sea-side, take her hands full i. 271, iv. 239; Lucian, Dial. Marin. 3. ) Artemis,
of its water, and sprinkle her bosom with it. The who is here only mentioned incidentally, was, ac-
two sons whom she bad by Poseidon were called cording to other traditions, the object of the love of
Aloeidae. (Hom. N. v. 385, Od. xi. 305; Apollod. Alpheius. Once, it is said, when pursned by him
i. 7. § 4. ) [ALOEIDAE. )
she fled to Letrini in Elis, and here she covered
2. A son of Helios by Circe or Antiope, who her face and those of her companions (nymphs) with
received from his father the sovereignty over the mud, so that Alpheius could not discover or
district of Asopia. (Paus. ii. 1. $ 6, 3. & 8. ) (L. S. ) distinguish her, and was obliged to retum. (Paus.
AʼLOPE (Axóan), a daughter of Cercyon, vi. 22. & 5. ) This occasioned the building of a
who was beloved by Poseidon on account of her temple of Artemis Alphaea at Letrini. According
great beauty, and became by him the mother of to another version, the goddess fled to Ortygia,
a son, whom she exposed immediately after his where she had likewise a temple under the name
birth. But a mare came and suckled the child of Alphaea. (Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. ii. 12. ) An
until it was found by shepherds, who fell into a allusion to Alpheius' love of Artemis is also con-
dispute as to who was to have the beautiful kingly tained in the fact, that at Olympia the two divini-
attire of the boy. The case was bronght before ties bad one altar in common. (Paus. v. 14.
& 5;
Cercyon, who, on recognising by the dress whose Schol. ad Pind. Ol. v. 10. ) In these accounts
child the boy was, ordered Alope to be imprisoned two or more distinct stories seem to be mixed up
in order to be put to death, and her child to be ex- together, but they probably originated in the
posed again. The latter was fed and found in the popular belief, that there was a natural subterra-
same manner as before, and the shepherds called neous communication between the river Alpheius
him Hippothous. (HIPPOTHOUS. ) 'The body of and the well Arethusa. For, among several other
Alope was changed by Poseidon into a well, which things it was believed, that a cup thrown into the
bore the same name. (Hygin. Fub. 187; Paus. i. Alpheius would make its reappearance in the well
5. $ 2; Aristoph. Av. 533. ) The town of Alope, | Arethusa in Ortygia. (Strab. vi. p. 270, viii. p.
ܪ
## p. 134 (#154) ############################################
134
ALTHAEA.
ALYATTES.
a contest.
3
343; Senec. Quacst. Nat. iii. 26; Fulgent. Mytk. 171, 174. ) Althaea is especially celebrated in
iii. 12. )
Plutarch (ule Fluv. 19) gives an account ancient story on account of the tragic fate of her
which is altogether unconnected with those men- son Meleager, who also became the cause of her
tioned above. According to him, Alpheius was a death. Some say that she hung herself, others
son of Helios, and killed bis brother Cercaphus in that she killed herself with a dagger. (Apollod. i.
Haunted by despair and the Erinnyes 8. $ 3; Ov. Met. vii. 445, &c. ) (L. S. ]
he leapt into the river Nyctimus which hence re- ALTHE'MENES or ALTHAE'MENES ('Al-
ceived the name Alpheius.
(L. S. ] θημένης or 'Αλθαιμένης), a son of Catreus, king of
ALPHE'NOR. (N10BE. )
Crete. In consequence of an oracle, that Catreus
ALPITE'NUS VĀRUS. [VARUS. ]
would lose his life by one of his children, Althe-
ALPHESIBOEA ('Alpeoiboia). 1. The mo menes quitted Crete together with his sister Ane-
ther of Adonis. [Adonis. ]
mosyne, in order to avoid becoming the instrument
2. A daughter of Phegeus, who married Al- of his father's death. He landed in Rhodes at a
maeon. (ALCM A EON. }
place which he called Cretenia, and in remembrance
3. According to Theocritus (iii. 45) a daughter of the god of his own native island, he erected on
of Bias, and the wife of Pelias. The latter, how- mount A tabyrus an altar to Zcus Atabyrius. His
ever, is usually called Anaxibia.
sister was beduced in Rhodes by Hermes, but
4. An Indian nymph, who was passionately Althemenes, disbelieving her account, killed her
loved by Dionysus, but could not be induced to by kicking her with his fool. When Catreus had
yield to his wishes, until the god changed himself become advanced in years, he had an invincible
into a tiger, and thus compelled her by fear to desire to see his only son once more, and to place
allow him to carry her across the river Sollax, his crown in his hands. He accordingly sailed to
which from this circumstance received the name of Rhodes. On his landing there, he and his com-
Tigris. (Plut. de Fluv. 24. )
(L. S. ] panions were attacked by shepherds, who mistook
ALPHE’US MYTILENAEUS ( Alpeios Mu- them for pirates. During the ensuing struggle,
Tilnvaios), the author of about twelve epigrams Althemenes came to the protection of his subjects,
in the Greek Anthology, some of which seem to and shot his own father dead. When he became
point out the time when he wrote. In the seventh | aware of what he had done, he prayed to the gods,
epigram (Jacobs) he refers to the state of the Ro and was swallowed up by the earth. Tbis is the
man empire, as embracing almost all the known account of Apollodorus (iii. 2. $ 1, &c. ), with
world ; in the ninth he speaks of the restored and which Diodorus (v. 59) agrees in the main points,
fiourishing city of Troy ; and in the tenth he als except that he represents Althemenes as wander-
ludes to an epigram by Antipater Sidonius. Now ing about after the murder, and at last dying with
Antipater lived under Augustus, and Troy had re- grief. He adds, that the Rhodians subsequently
ceived great favours from Julius Caesar and Au- worshipped him as a hero.
(L. S. )
gustus. (Strab. xiii. p. 889. ) Hence it is not ALTHE'PUS (Anontos), a son of Poseidon
improbable that Alpheus wrote under Augustus. and Leïs, a daughter of Orus, king of Troezen.
It is true that in the fourth epigram he addresses The territory of Troezen was called after him
a certain Macrinus, but there is no reason to sup- Althepia. In his reign Pallas and Poseidon dis-
pose that this was the emperor Macrinus. Ano puted the possession of the country with each
ther difficulty has been started, on the ground that other. (Paus. ii. 30. $ 6. )
(L. S. )
the eleventh epigram was inscribed, as we learn ALYATTES ('AlváTTS), king of Lydia, suc-
from Pausanias (viii. 52. & 3), on the statue of ceeded his father Sadyattes, B. C. 618. Sadyaties
Philopoemen in Tegea, and that it is very impro during the last six years of his reign had been en-
bable that such a statue should have stood without gaged in a war with Miletus, which was continued
an inscription till the time of Alpheus. But the by his son five years longer. In the last of these
simple fact is, that no reason can be discovered for years Alyattes burnt a temple of Athena, and fall
attributing this epigram to Alpheus. (Jacobs, An- ing sick shortly afterwards, he sent to Delphi for
thol. Graec. xiii. p. 839. )
[P. S. ) adrice ; but the oracle refused to give him an an-
ALPHIUS AVITUS. [Avitus. ]
swer till he had rebuilt the temple. This he did,
ALPI'NUS, a name which Horace (Sat. i. 10. and recovered in consequence, and made peace
36) gives in ridicule to a bombastic poet. He pro with Miletus. He subsequently carried on war with
bably means M. Furius Bibaculus. [BIBACULUS. ) Cyaxares, king of Media, drove the Cimmerians
ALPINUS MONTANUS, one of the Treviri, out of Asia, took Smyrna, and attacked Clazomenae.
the most powerful of the Belgic people, and the The war with Cyaxares, which lasted for five years,
commander of a cohort in the army of Vitellius, from B. c. 590 to 585, arose in consequence of
was sent into Germany after the battle of Cremona, Alyattes receiving under his protection some Scy-
A. D. 70. Together with his brother, D. Alpinus, thians who had fled to him after injuring Cyaxares.
he joined Civilis in the next year. (Tac. Hist. ii. An eclipse of the sun, which happened while the
35, iv. 31, v. 59. ) [Civilis. ]
armies of the two kings were fighting, led to a
ALTHAEA ('Andala), a daughter of the Aeto peace between them, and this was cemented by
lian king Thestius and Eurythemis, and sister of the marriage of Astyages, the son of Cyaxares, with
Leda, Hypermnestra, Iphiclus, Euippus, &c. She Aryenis, the daughter of Alyattes. Alyaites died
was married to Oeneus, king of Calydon, by whom B. c. 561 or 560, after a reign of fifty-seven years,
she became the moother of Troxeus, Thyreus, Cly- and was succeeded by his son Croesus, who appears
menus, and Meleager, and of two daughters, Gorge to have been previously associated with bis father in
and Dežaneira. (Apollod. i. 7. § 10, 8. § 1. ) the government. (Herod. i. 16-22, 25, 73, 74. )
A pollodorus states, that according to some, Mele- The tomb (oñua) of Alyattes is mentioned by
ager was regarded as the fruit of her intercourse Herodotus (i. 93) as one of the wonders of Lydia
with Ares, and that she was mother of Dei- It was north of Sardis, near the lake Gygaea, and
aneira by Dionysus. (Comp. Hygin. Fab. 129, consisted of a large mound of carth, raised upon a
a
## p. 135 (#155) ############################################
ALYPIUS.
135
AMAESIA.
foundation of great stones. It was erected by the Burney, Hisl. of Music, rol. i. p. 83), and they seem
tradespeople, mechanics, and courtezans, and on to belong to an earlier stage of the science. How-
the top of it there were five pillars, which Hero- ever, the work serves to throw some light on the
dotus saw, and on which were mentioned the dif- obscure history of the modes. (See Böckh, de
ferent portions raised by each; from this it ap- Metr. Pind. c. 8. p. 235, c. 9. 12. ) The text,
peared that the courtezans did the greater part. which seemed hopelessly corrupt to Meursius, its
It measured six plethra and two stadia in circum- first editor, was restored, apparently with suc-
ference, and thirteen plethra in breadth. Accord- cess, by the labours of the learned and indefatiga-
ing to some writers, it was called the tomb of the ble Meibomius. (Antiquae Musicae Auctores
courtezan," and was erected by a mistress of Gyges. Septem, ed. Marc. Meibomius, Amstel. 1652 ;
(Clearch. ap. Athen. xiii. p.
