ARTES
SCIENTIA
VERITAS
?
?
Thomas Carlyle
Kaiser Karl
and Johann George both emerged, in a minute or two,
little the worse; -- Kaiser Karl perhaps blushing some-
what, and flurried this time, I think, in the im-
penetrable eyes; and his Cimburgis lip closed for the
moment; -- and galloped out of shot-range. "I never
forget this little incident," exclaims Smelfungus: "It
is one of the few times I can get, after all my reading
about that surprising Karl V. , I do not say the least
understanding or practical conception of him and his
character and his affairs, but the least ocular view or
imagination of him, as a fact among facts! " Which
is unlucky for Smelfungus. -- Johann George, still
more emphatically, never to the end of his life for-
got this incident. And indeed it must be owned, had
the shot taken effect as intended, the whole course
22*
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:13 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m7y Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 340 THE HOHENZOLLEKNS IN BRANDENBURG. |BOOK nr.
1598.
bf human things would have heen surprisingly al-
tered; -- and for one thing, neither Friedrich the
Great, nor the present History of Friedrich had ever
risen above ground, or troubled an enlightened public
or me!
Of Johann George, this Seventh Elector,* who
proved a good Governor, and carried on the Fa-
mily Affairs in the old style of slow steady success,
I will remember nothing more, except that he had the
surprising number of Three-and-twenty children; one
of them posthumous, though he died at the age of
seventy-three. --
He is Founder of the New Culmbach Line: two
sons of these twenty-three children he settled, one in
Baireuth, the other in Anspach; from whom come all
the subsequent Heads of that Principality, till the last
of them died in Hammersmith in 1806, as above said. **
He was a prudent, thrifty Herr; no mistresses, no
luxuries allowed; at the sight of a new-fashioned coat,
he would fly out on an unhappy youth, and pack him
from his presence. Very strict in point of justice: a
peasant once appealing to him, in one of his inspection-
journeys through the country, "Grant me justice, Durch-
laucht, against So-and-so; I am your Highness's born
subject! " -- "Thou shouldst have it, man, wert thou
a born Turk! " answered Johann George. -- There is
* 1525; 1571-1598.
** Bentsch, p. 475 (Christian to Baireuth; Joachim Ernst to Anspach); --
see Genealogical Diagram, Vol. II, pp. 102. 103,
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:13 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m7y Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CHaF. XI. ]. SEvENTH KUBI'DRST, JOHANN GEORGE. 341
1598.
something anxious, grave and, as it were, surprised, in
the look of this good Herr. He made the Gera Bond
above spoken of; -- founded the Younger Culmbach
Line, with that important Law of Primogeniture strictly
superadded. A conspicuous thrift, veracity, modest so-
lidity, looks through the conduct of this Herr; -- a
determined Protestant he too, as indeed all the follow-
ing were and are. * ,
Of Joachim Friedrich, his eldest Son, who at one
time was Archbishop of Magdeburg, -- called home
from the wars to fill that valuable Heirloom, which had
suddenly fallen vacant by an Uncle's death, and keep
it warm; --and who afterwards, in due course, carried-
on a lobliche Eegierung of the old style and physiognomy,
as Eighth Kurfiirst, from his fiftieth to his sixtieth
year (1598-1608):** of him we already noticed the fine
"Joachimsthal Gymnasium," or Foundation for learned
purposes, in the old Schloss of Grimnitz, where his
serene Grandmother got lamed; and will notice nothing
farther, in this place, except his very great anxiety to
profit by the Prussian Mitbelehnung, -- that Co-infeftment
in Preussen, achieved by his Grandfather Joachim II. ,
which was now about coming to its full maturity.
Joachim Friedrich had already married his eldest Prince
to the daughter of Albert Friedrich, Second Duke of
? Rentsch, pp. 470, 471.
? ? Born, 1547; Magdeburg, 1566-'98 (when his Third Son got it, -- very
unlucky in the Thirty-Years War afterwards).
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? ill'J TUN ItOIIHNKOU. HKKS IN BRANDENBURG. Tbook
lVouwoit, who it whs by Uiis time evident would
iho \>\M l><<k<< thoro of his Line. Joachim Friedri
i*v*i" hi<<>>! <olf fallen << widower, died next year, thoo
how counting fiftyux -- But it will be better if
e\|d>>in tir>>t, A little, how matters now stood w
rivusso-n.
<<tM> or V. M. I.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:13 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m7y Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? l . v
FItlHTING OFFICE OF THE PUBLISHER.
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? 342 THE HOHENZOLLERKS IN BRANDENBURG, [book nI.
1598.
Preusscn, who it was by this time evident would be
the last Duke there of his Line. Joachim Friedrich,
having himself fallen a widower, died next year, though
now counting fifty-six -- But it will be better if we
explain first, a little, how matters now stood with
Preussen.
END OF VOL. I.
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? PRINTING OFFICE OF THE PUBLISHES.
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? -.
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? 1
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Correspondence between Goethe and Carlyle; ed. by Charles Eliot
Norton.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832. London and New York, Macmillan and co. , 1887.
http://hdl. handle. net/2027/mdp. 39015030186517
Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-us-google
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? Correspondence between Goethe and CarlyleThomas Carlyle
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?
ARTES SCIENTIA VERITAS
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? ARTES SCIENTIA VERITAS
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? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:12 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/mdp. 39015030186517 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-us-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:12 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/mdp. 39015030186517 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-us-google
? Cs
CORRESPONDENCE
HKTWKKN
GOETHE AND CARLYLE
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? CORRESPONDENCE
BETWKEN
GOETHE AND CARLYLE
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? CORRESPONDENCE
BETWEEN
GOETHE AND CARLYLE
EDITED BY
CHARLES ELIOT NORTON
MACMILLAN AND CO.
AND NEW YORK
1887
The rifht c/trtuulatien it rutrvtd
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? ? . ? *,.
COPYRIGHT
1887
Bv CHARLES ELIOT NORTON
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? C3
PREFACE
In the following Correspondence the letters of
Goethe have been printed from the originals
now in the possession of Mrs. Alexander
Carlyle. These letters had been done up in
a parcel, and packed away by Carlyle, some
thirty years before his death, in a box which
was afterwards used exclusively for papers
connected with Cromwell. Under these papers
they were buried; Carlyle forgot where he had
put them, and they were not found until the
contents of the box were sorted shortly after
his death.
The letters of Carlyle are printed from a
careful copy of the originals now preserved
in the Goethe Archives at Weimar. These
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? PREFACE
copies were furnished by the gracious per-
mission of H. R. H. the Grand Duchess of
Weimar, to whom for this favour the gratitude
of every reader of this volume is due.
CHARLES ELIOT NORTON.
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS,
January 1887.
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? INTRODUCTION
Carlyle was in his twenty-ninth year when, in
June 1824, he first wrote to Goethe, sending
him his Translation, then just published, of
Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship. He had
not yet attained to any definite position in the
world of letters; his writing hitherto had been
tentative, much of it mere hackwork, and had
attracted little attention. His name was not
known outside a narrow circle; he had not yet
acquired full possession of his own powers, nor
was he at peace with himself. For ten years
he had been engaged in constant and severe
spiritual wrestlings; his soul, begirt by doubts,
was painfully struggling to be free. The pre-
dominant tendencies of contemporary English
thought were hateful to him; Philosophy in its
true sense was all but extinct in England; the
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:12 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/mdp. 39015030186517 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-us-google
? INTRODUCTION
standard of ideal aims was hardly held high by
any one of the popular writers. Carlyle had
laid aside the creed of his fathers, and, depend-
ent for guidance only upon the strength of his
own moral principles, was adrift without other
chart or compass.
It was in this condition, perplexed and
baffled as to his true path, that Carlyle fell in
with Madame de StaeTs famous book on Ger-
many. His interest was aroused by it. From
her animated,. if somewhat shallow and imper-
fect accounts of the speculations of the living
German Poets and Philosophers, he learned to
look towards Germany for a spiritual light that
he had not found in the modern French and
English writers. 1 He became eager to study
German, that he might investigate for himself.
But German Books and German Masters were
alike scarce in Edinburgh. Edward Irving
1 "I still remember," says Carlyle in his Letter to Goethe
of 3d November 1829, "that it was the desire to read
Werner's Mineralogical Doctrines in the original, that first
set me on studying German; where truly I found a mine,
far different from any of the Freyberg ones! " But it was
Madame de Stael's book that kindled his enthusiasm.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:12 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/mdp. 39015030186517 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-us-google
? INTRODUCTION ix
had given him a dictionary, but a grammar had
to be procured from London.
It happened fortunately that about this time
Carlyle met with a young man named Jar-
dine, who had been his schoolfellow at Annan,
and who was then, in 1819, settled in Edin-
burgh, having returned from Go? ttingen, where
he had resided for a short time as tutor to a
young Irishman. Jardine gave Carlyle some
German lessons in return for lessons in French. 1
Carlyle, writing in 1866, describes Jardine as
"a feeble enough, but pleasant and friendly
creature, with something of skin-deep geniality
even, which marked him for 'harmless master-
ship in the superficial. '" Carlyle made rapid
progress, and was soon able to read German
books. These were procured for him from Ger-
many, by his kind friend Mr. Swan, a merchant
of Kirkcaldy, who had dealings with Hamburg.
"I well remember," writes Carlyle in 1866,
"the arrival of the Schiller Werke sheets at
Mainhill (and my impatience till the Annan
1 See Early Letters of Thomas Carlyle (Macmillan and
Co. , 1886), i. 209, 227.
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? INTRODUCTION
Bookbinder had done with them): they had
come from Lu? beck I perceived. . . . This
Schiller and Archenholtzs Seven-Years War
were my first really German Books. "
Schiller's high, earnest, and yet simple
nature, the ideal purity and elevation of his
works, the free and generous feeling that per-
vades them, no less than the circumstances of
his life, attracted Carlyle. But Schiller's range
was limited, and the longed-for light on the
mystery of life was not to be obtained from
him.
Wilhelm Meister he procured soon afterwards
from the University Library at Edinburgh. In
Goethe he quickly recognised one who could
"reveal many highest things to him," and under
whose teaching his doubts were to melt away,
leaving clear convictions in their stead. In
Goethe's works there was as it were a mirror
which revealed to him the lineaments of his own
genius. Of all the influences that helped Carlyle
to an understanding and mastery of himself,
those exerted by Goethe were the most potent;
and he remained for the rest of Carlyle's life
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:12 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/mdp. 39015030186517 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-us-google
? INTRODUCTION
a teacher whom he reverenced. Writing long
afterwards of this period, especially of the year
1826, Carlyle says, "This year I found that I
had conquered all my scepticisms, agonising
doubtings, fearful wrestlings with the foul and
vile and soul-murdering Mud-gods of my
Epoch; had escaped, as from a worse than
Tartarus, with all its Phlegethons and Stygian
quagmires; and was emerging, free in spirit,
into the eternal blue of ether,--where, blessed
be Heaven, I have, for the spiritual part, ever
since lived. . . . What my pious joy and grati-
tude then was, let the pious soul figure. In a
fine and veritable sense, I, poor, obscure, with-
out outlook, almost without worldly hope, had
become independent of the world;--what was
death itself, from the world, to what I had come
through? I understood well what the old
Christian people meant by their 'Conversion,' by
God's Infinite Mercy to them :--I had, in effect,
gained an immense victory; and, for a number
of years, had, in spite of nerves and chagrins,
a constant inward happiness that was quite
royal and supreme; in which all temporal evil
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:12 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/mdp. 39015030186517 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.
and Johann George both emerged, in a minute or two,
little the worse; -- Kaiser Karl perhaps blushing some-
what, and flurried this time, I think, in the im-
penetrable eyes; and his Cimburgis lip closed for the
moment; -- and galloped out of shot-range. "I never
forget this little incident," exclaims Smelfungus: "It
is one of the few times I can get, after all my reading
about that surprising Karl V. , I do not say the least
understanding or practical conception of him and his
character and his affairs, but the least ocular view or
imagination of him, as a fact among facts! " Which
is unlucky for Smelfungus. -- Johann George, still
more emphatically, never to the end of his life for-
got this incident. And indeed it must be owned, had
the shot taken effect as intended, the whole course
22*
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:13 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m7y Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 340 THE HOHENZOLLEKNS IN BRANDENBURG. |BOOK nr.
1598.
bf human things would have heen surprisingly al-
tered; -- and for one thing, neither Friedrich the
Great, nor the present History of Friedrich had ever
risen above ground, or troubled an enlightened public
or me!
Of Johann George, this Seventh Elector,* who
proved a good Governor, and carried on the Fa-
mily Affairs in the old style of slow steady success,
I will remember nothing more, except that he had the
surprising number of Three-and-twenty children; one
of them posthumous, though he died at the age of
seventy-three. --
He is Founder of the New Culmbach Line: two
sons of these twenty-three children he settled, one in
Baireuth, the other in Anspach; from whom come all
the subsequent Heads of that Principality, till the last
of them died in Hammersmith in 1806, as above said. **
He was a prudent, thrifty Herr; no mistresses, no
luxuries allowed; at the sight of a new-fashioned coat,
he would fly out on an unhappy youth, and pack him
from his presence. Very strict in point of justice: a
peasant once appealing to him, in one of his inspection-
journeys through the country, "Grant me justice, Durch-
laucht, against So-and-so; I am your Highness's born
subject! " -- "Thou shouldst have it, man, wert thou
a born Turk! " answered Johann George. -- There is
* 1525; 1571-1598.
** Bentsch, p. 475 (Christian to Baireuth; Joachim Ernst to Anspach); --
see Genealogical Diagram, Vol. II, pp. 102. 103,
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:13 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m7y Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CHaF. XI. ]. SEvENTH KUBI'DRST, JOHANN GEORGE. 341
1598.
something anxious, grave and, as it were, surprised, in
the look of this good Herr. He made the Gera Bond
above spoken of; -- founded the Younger Culmbach
Line, with that important Law of Primogeniture strictly
superadded. A conspicuous thrift, veracity, modest so-
lidity, looks through the conduct of this Herr; -- a
determined Protestant he too, as indeed all the follow-
ing were and are. * ,
Of Joachim Friedrich, his eldest Son, who at one
time was Archbishop of Magdeburg, -- called home
from the wars to fill that valuable Heirloom, which had
suddenly fallen vacant by an Uncle's death, and keep
it warm; --and who afterwards, in due course, carried-
on a lobliche Eegierung of the old style and physiognomy,
as Eighth Kurfiirst, from his fiftieth to his sixtieth
year (1598-1608):** of him we already noticed the fine
"Joachimsthal Gymnasium," or Foundation for learned
purposes, in the old Schloss of Grimnitz, where his
serene Grandmother got lamed; and will notice nothing
farther, in this place, except his very great anxiety to
profit by the Prussian Mitbelehnung, -- that Co-infeftment
in Preussen, achieved by his Grandfather Joachim II. ,
which was now about coming to its full maturity.
Joachim Friedrich had already married his eldest Prince
to the daughter of Albert Friedrich, Second Duke of
? Rentsch, pp. 470, 471.
? ? Born, 1547; Magdeburg, 1566-'98 (when his Third Son got it, -- very
unlucky in the Thirty-Years War afterwards).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:13 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m7y Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ill'J TUN ItOIIHNKOU. HKKS IN BRANDENBURG. Tbook
lVouwoit, who it whs by Uiis time evident would
iho \>\M l><<k<< thoro of his Line. Joachim Friedri
i*v*i" hi<<>>! <olf fallen << widower, died next year, thoo
how counting fiftyux -- But it will be better if
e\|d>>in tir>>t, A little, how matters now stood w
rivusso-n.
<<tM> or V. M. I.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:13 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m7y Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? l . v
FItlHTING OFFICE OF THE PUBLISHER.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:13 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m7y Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 342 THE HOHENZOLLERKS IN BRANDENBURG, [book nI.
1598.
Preusscn, who it was by this time evident would be
the last Duke there of his Line. Joachim Friedrich,
having himself fallen a widower, died next year, though
now counting fifty-six -- But it will be better if we
explain first, a little, how matters now stood with
Preussen.
END OF VOL. I.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:13 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hn6m7y Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? PRINTING OFFICE OF THE PUBLISHES.
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? -.
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? 1
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Correspondence between Goethe and Carlyle; ed. by Charles Eliot
Norton.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832. London and New York, Macmillan and co. , 1887.
http://hdl. handle. net/2027/mdp. 39015030186517
Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-us-google
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? Correspondence between Goethe and CarlyleThomas Carlyle
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?
ARTES SCIENTIA VERITAS
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? ARTES SCIENTIA VERITAS
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? Cs
CORRESPONDENCE
HKTWKKN
GOETHE AND CARLYLE
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? CORRESPONDENCE
BETWKEN
GOETHE AND CARLYLE
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? CORRESPONDENCE
BETWEEN
GOETHE AND CARLYLE
EDITED BY
CHARLES ELIOT NORTON
MACMILLAN AND CO.
AND NEW YORK
1887
The rifht c/trtuulatien it rutrvtd
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? ? . ? *,.
COPYRIGHT
1887
Bv CHARLES ELIOT NORTON
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? C3
PREFACE
In the following Correspondence the letters of
Goethe have been printed from the originals
now in the possession of Mrs. Alexander
Carlyle. These letters had been done up in
a parcel, and packed away by Carlyle, some
thirty years before his death, in a box which
was afterwards used exclusively for papers
connected with Cromwell. Under these papers
they were buried; Carlyle forgot where he had
put them, and they were not found until the
contents of the box were sorted shortly after
his death.
The letters of Carlyle are printed from a
careful copy of the originals now preserved
in the Goethe Archives at Weimar. These
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? PREFACE
copies were furnished by the gracious per-
mission of H. R. H. the Grand Duchess of
Weimar, to whom for this favour the gratitude
of every reader of this volume is due.
CHARLES ELIOT NORTON.
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS,
January 1887.
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? INTRODUCTION
Carlyle was in his twenty-ninth year when, in
June 1824, he first wrote to Goethe, sending
him his Translation, then just published, of
Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship. He had
not yet attained to any definite position in the
world of letters; his writing hitherto had been
tentative, much of it mere hackwork, and had
attracted little attention. His name was not
known outside a narrow circle; he had not yet
acquired full possession of his own powers, nor
was he at peace with himself. For ten years
he had been engaged in constant and severe
spiritual wrestlings; his soul, begirt by doubts,
was painfully struggling to be free. The pre-
dominant tendencies of contemporary English
thought were hateful to him; Philosophy in its
true sense was all but extinct in England; the
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? INTRODUCTION
standard of ideal aims was hardly held high by
any one of the popular writers. Carlyle had
laid aside the creed of his fathers, and, depend-
ent for guidance only upon the strength of his
own moral principles, was adrift without other
chart or compass.
It was in this condition, perplexed and
baffled as to his true path, that Carlyle fell in
with Madame de StaeTs famous book on Ger-
many. His interest was aroused by it. From
her animated,. if somewhat shallow and imper-
fect accounts of the speculations of the living
German Poets and Philosophers, he learned to
look towards Germany for a spiritual light that
he had not found in the modern French and
English writers. 1 He became eager to study
German, that he might investigate for himself.
But German Books and German Masters were
alike scarce in Edinburgh. Edward Irving
1 "I still remember," says Carlyle in his Letter to Goethe
of 3d November 1829, "that it was the desire to read
Werner's Mineralogical Doctrines in the original, that first
set me on studying German; where truly I found a mine,
far different from any of the Freyberg ones! " But it was
Madame de Stael's book that kindled his enthusiasm.
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? INTRODUCTION ix
had given him a dictionary, but a grammar had
to be procured from London.
It happened fortunately that about this time
Carlyle met with a young man named Jar-
dine, who had been his schoolfellow at Annan,
and who was then, in 1819, settled in Edin-
burgh, having returned from Go? ttingen, where
he had resided for a short time as tutor to a
young Irishman. Jardine gave Carlyle some
German lessons in return for lessons in French. 1
Carlyle, writing in 1866, describes Jardine as
"a feeble enough, but pleasant and friendly
creature, with something of skin-deep geniality
even, which marked him for 'harmless master-
ship in the superficial. '" Carlyle made rapid
progress, and was soon able to read German
books. These were procured for him from Ger-
many, by his kind friend Mr. Swan, a merchant
of Kirkcaldy, who had dealings with Hamburg.
"I well remember," writes Carlyle in 1866,
"the arrival of the Schiller Werke sheets at
Mainhill (and my impatience till the Annan
1 See Early Letters of Thomas Carlyle (Macmillan and
Co. , 1886), i. 209, 227.
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? INTRODUCTION
Bookbinder had done with them): they had
come from Lu? beck I perceived. . . . This
Schiller and Archenholtzs Seven-Years War
were my first really German Books. "
Schiller's high, earnest, and yet simple
nature, the ideal purity and elevation of his
works, the free and generous feeling that per-
vades them, no less than the circumstances of
his life, attracted Carlyle. But Schiller's range
was limited, and the longed-for light on the
mystery of life was not to be obtained from
him.
Wilhelm Meister he procured soon afterwards
from the University Library at Edinburgh. In
Goethe he quickly recognised one who could
"reveal many highest things to him," and under
whose teaching his doubts were to melt away,
leaving clear convictions in their stead. In
Goethe's works there was as it were a mirror
which revealed to him the lineaments of his own
genius. Of all the influences that helped Carlyle
to an understanding and mastery of himself,
those exerted by Goethe were the most potent;
and he remained for the rest of Carlyle's life
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? INTRODUCTION
a teacher whom he reverenced. Writing long
afterwards of this period, especially of the year
1826, Carlyle says, "This year I found that I
had conquered all my scepticisms, agonising
doubtings, fearful wrestlings with the foul and
vile and soul-murdering Mud-gods of my
Epoch; had escaped, as from a worse than
Tartarus, with all its Phlegethons and Stygian
quagmires; and was emerging, free in spirit,
into the eternal blue of ether,--where, blessed
be Heaven, I have, for the spiritual part, ever
since lived. . . . What my pious joy and grati-
tude then was, let the pious soul figure. In a
fine and veritable sense, I, poor, obscure, with-
out outlook, almost without worldly hope, had
become independent of the world;--what was
death itself, from the world, to what I had come
through? I understood well what the old
Christian people meant by their 'Conversion,' by
God's Infinite Mercy to them :--I had, in effect,
gained an immense victory; and, for a number
of years, had, in spite of nerves and chagrins,
a constant inward happiness that was quite
royal and supreme; in which all temporal evil
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