No More Learning

, 437, 468 sq. ; 441; 454;
465; Venetian, 466 sq. ; 471; history of,
468 sqq. ; captured by Turks, 472; Latin
life in, 473; 511; seized by Richard I, 384,
603; 617; 669; and Armenia, 180 sq. ;
470; kings of, see Table, 476 sq. ; Patri-
arch of, independence of, 593; see George
of; duke of, see Philocales
Cyriacus of Ancona, medieval archaeologist,
at Athens, 462, 465
Cyril, St (Constantine), Apostle of the Slavs,
Chap. VII (B); his work in Moravia, 44;
and the Chazars, 190 sq. , 219 sq. ; lite-
rary work, 220, 225; at Rome, 224, 250;
776
Cyril, St, Patriarch of Alexandria, 250
Cyril, the Younger, commentary on the Di.
gest, 707, 714
Cyrus (Kūr), river, 187, 206; battles at, 161
Cyzicus, Seljūgs in, 327; Byzantines in,
331; Latins in, 425, 482 sq. ; 657 sq. ; 660;
Metropolitan of, 513, 608; bishop of, see
Metropbanes, Theodore
Cyzistra, see Sideropalus
Dābiq, 123
Dabiša, see Stephen
Dagno, Venetian colony on the Drin, 583
592; taken by Turks, 585
Dailam, country of Buwaih, founder of Bu-
waihids, 301
Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, brings Pisan
fleet to Palestine, 340
Daimonoyánnes, archon of Monemvasia, 440
Daitu, see Cambalu
Dalassena, see Anna
Dalasseni family, 771
Dalassenus, Constantine, 98; imprisoned by
Michael ÍV, 103; released, 105
Dalassenus, Constantine, defeats Tzachas,
331
Dalassenus, Damianus, defeated by Saracens,
149
Dalmatia, and Charlemagne, 394 sq. ; Sla-
vonic liturgy in, 229; and Samuel of Bul.
garia, 240; and Robert Guiscard, 325;
338; recovered by Manuel, 371 sqq. ;
pirates of, 397, 400 sq. ; doge of Venice
“Dux Dalmatiae,” 406; 409 sq. ; Venetian
counts in, 412; Vukan, King of, 521 sqq. ,
556; 557; held by Bosnia, 559: 560;
Venice in, 564, 566, 583; 565; 575; “King
of Dalmatia,” 559, 575; 579; Turks and,
578, 670; 674; 678; 689; theme of, 733
Damascus, Saracen capital removed from,
119, 274; 128; 133; surrender to Emperor
John I, 148; 156 sq. ; 172; 176; occu-
pied by Seljūqs, 277, 314, 316; taken by
Mongols, 279, 643; by Tīmūr, 651, 680;
374, 641, see Nūr-ad-Din, Susamish
Damietta, attacked by Byzantines, 121, 127;
captured by Michael II, 45, 132; besieged
by Manuel, 376
Dan I, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Dan II, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Dan III, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Dandolo, Enrico, doge of Venice, and
Fourth Crusade, 414 sq. , 417 sqq. ; defeat
by Bulgarians, 424; death of, 424;
nephews of, 435; armour of, presented to
Bellini, 705
Dandolo, Stephen, sent to Avignon by An-
dronicus III, 615
Daniel, Serbian archbishop and historian,
534; 537; and Stephen Dušan, 539, 550
Danielis, patroness of Basil the Macedonian,
50
Dānishmand, Seljūg dynasty, 315; 340; 357,
365; 374; see "Ain-ad-Daulah, Dhū’l.
Nún, Dhū’l-Qarnain, Ghāzi, Malik, Maho-
met, Ya'qūb-Arslān
Dante, and dukes of Athens, 442; 469; and
Stephen Uroš II, 535
Danube, river, 184; 186; 197 sqq. ; 210 sq. ;
213; 215; Chap. VIII passim; 324 sq. ; 330;
355; 368; 373; 383; 490; Chaps. XVII,
XVIII passim; 601; 631; 656; 670; 675
sq. ; 687; 689 sqq. ; Danubian frontier,
322; “ Bulgaria beyond the Danube,"
see Wallachia
3


## p. 933 (#975) ############################################

Index
933
Daphni in Attica, Cistercian monastery at,
438, 449; mosaics at, 769
Daphnusia, attacked by Venetians, 431, 511;
512
Dara, taken by Curcuas, 143; 145
Darband, on the Caspian, 187
Dardanelles, 481, 487, 502; 544,572; 658 sq. ;
668; 670; controlled by Bāyazid, 678;
761
Dardel, John, Armenian chronicler, 181
Dariel, fortress of, built by Kawad of Persia,
187
Dauphiné, see Humbert
D'Avesnes, see Florent, Jacques
David, Bulgarian chief, son of Shishman,
Demotika (Didymotichus), 88; lordship of,
founded, 422; given to Branas, 425; 502;
taken by Turks, 555; 666; taken by Mu.
rād I, 669, 671
De peculiis, legal monograph, 718
De privilegiis creditorum, legal monograph,
718
Derbessak, fortress of Armeno-Cilicia, 175
Derevlyans, Slavonic tribe, 206, 208
Derkos on Black Sea, surrendered to Turks,
690
Desiderius, King of the Lombards, and
Constantine V, 18; and Leo IV, 19; and
Franks, 391
Desiderius (Pope Victor III), abbot-desigpate
of Monte Cassino, chosen legate to Con.
stantinople, 597
Desna, Russian river, 193
“Despot,” title of, assumed by doge of
Venice, 421; of Morea, see Constantine
XI, Demetrius Palaeologus, Theodore
Palaeologus, Thomas; see Epirus, Serbia,
Thessalonica (see Tables 475 sq. )
Despotes, title of the Emperor, 726
Dessa, see Stephen Nemanja
De Thematibus, by Constantine VII, 67
Deuil, see Odo of
Deusdedit, doge of Venice, 391
Develtus, on frontier of Thrace, 37; 212;
239 sq.
233 sg.
David, King of Sebastea, 166
David Mamikonian, Armenian leader, 157
David, Patriarch of Bulgaria, 242
Dazimon, Lachanodraco defeated at, 20;
Emperor Theophilus defeated at, 38, 130;
46; 133
Deabolis, interview of Alexius I and Bohe-
mond at, 342
De Actionibus, legal treatise, 708; Liber, of
Garidas, 721
De Administratione Imperii, by Constantine
VII, 67, 198
De Caerimoniis, see Ceremonies, Book of
Dečani, monastery of, 536
Dečanski, Stephen, see Stephen Uroš III
De Creditis, legal treatise, 722
De Homicidiis, legal treatise by Garidas, 721
Delhi, 633, 636; Mogul dynasty at, 650;
Timūr enters, 651
Deligun Buldagha (Onan Kerule), birthplace
of Jenghiz Khan, 632
Delyan, Peter, leads Serbo-Bulgarian rising
against Michael IV, 244
Demarchs, presidents of Byzantine circus
factions, 759
Demes, circus factions at Constantinople,
729, 731
Demetrias, destroyed by Arab fleet, 141; By.
zantine victory over Latins, 445
Demetrius Angelus, despot of Salonica, ex-
pelled by John III, 430, 440, 476,
492 sq.
Dhakira-i Khwārazmshāhi, Persian medical
encyclopaedia, 298
Dhinimi (non-Muslim under Arab rule), 287
Dhū’l Kilā', 126 note
Dhū'l-Nūn, son of Mabomet, Dānishmandite
ruler, 365; and Emperor Manuel, 377 sq.
Dbū’l-Qarnain, Dānishmandite ruler, 374,
377
Diavoli, death of Stephen Dušan at, 546
Didymotichus, see Demotika
Dieterici, editor of Arabic treatises, 292
Dieu d'Amour, Latin castle in Greece, 473
Digest of Justinian, the, commentators on,
707 sq. ; 713 sq. ; 716; 721
Digor, in Armenia, church at, 163
Dijon, 262
Dikeraton, tax of Leo III, 4
Dinawarī, Arab historian, 293
Dioclea, Serbian state, 517, 521, 534, 542;
rulers of, see Constantine Bodin, George,
Gradicna, Grubessa, John Vladimir,
Michael
Diocletian, Roman Emperor, 662; 729
Diogenes, see Romanus IV, Emperor
Diogenes, Constantine, conspires against
Romanus III, 100
Diogenes, Constantine, son of Romanus IV,
326
Diogenes, Nicephorus, son of Romanus IV,
plots against Alexius I, 333
Dios, abbot of, 32
Dioscorides, Greek medical writer, translated
into Arabic, 297; Byzantine illustrated
MS of, at Vienna, 768
Diplokionion, Turkish fleet lands at, 696
Demetrius Palaeologus, brother of John
VIII, sent to Basle, 620; at Council of
Ferrara, 621; opposes Union, 623; becomes
despot of the Morea, 462 sq. ; surrenders
to Turks, 464
Demetrius of Montferrat, King of Thessalo.
nica, 426; dethroned by Theodore An.
gelus, 427
Demetrius Chomatianós, archbishop of
Ochrida, crowns Theodore Angelus, 497
Demetrius, St, patron of Salonica, 6, 104,
244; and Kalojan of Bulgaria, 425, 521 ;
518 sq. ; feast of, 556; fair of, 770
Democrats, chiefs of Byzantine circus
factions, 759
Demona, in Sicily, 141
Demosthenes, study of, 236, 763


## p. 934 (#976) ############################################

934
Index
Dir, Prince of Kiev, 203
Dirhem, coin used by Bulgars, 193
Dishypatus, title of, 730
Diwān, instituted by Caliph Omar, 282;
Diwan-al-Barid (State post), 283
Dīyārbakr, see Amida
Dizabul (Silzibul), Khagan of the Turks, see
Sinjibu
Dizkūh, Persian castle, 310
Djakovo, in Slavonia, treaty of, 559, 565
Djed, the, chief of the Bogomiles, 535;
545
Dnieper, river, 186; 195; 197; identified by
Westberg with Kotsho and Kuzu, 198;
201 sqq. ; 206; 230; 636; 637
Dniester, river, 198
Dobor, Bosnian fortress, 560; Hungarian
victory at, 566
Dobrotich, independent Bulgarian prince,
554; 572
Dobrudzha, the, 554; 560; 659
Doda, house of, Mirdites governed by, 585
Dodecahemeron, festival of, 755
Dodecanese, the, see Aegean, theme of
Doge of Venice, creation of first, 387; early
doges, 387 sqq. ; development of power of,
395; becomes constitutional monarchy,
407. See Chap. XII, Contarini, Dandolo,
Deusdedit, Fabiani, Falier, Fortunatus,
John, Marcellus, Mastropiero, Mauritius,
Michiel, Monegarius, Morosini, Obelerius,
Orseolo, Peter Candianus, Particiacus,
Paulutio, Silvio, Tradonicus, Tribunus
Dolgoruki, George, candidate for princedom
of Kiev, 368
Doliche (Dulūk), taken by Constantine, 121;
taken by Nicephorus II, 144
Domenico Gattilusio, of Lesbos, 465
Domestic, title of governor of the Optimatian
theme, 734
Domestic of the Hicanati, office of, 739; see
Curcuas
Domestic, of the Scholae, office of, 731, 739;
held by Nicephorus II, 70; held by
Tzimisces, 78; by Bardas Phocas, 87;
Bohemond of Taranto and, 335, 338;
of the Oriental Scholae, Constantine the
Paphlagonian appointed, 102; 739
Domestic of the theme, chief of staff to the
strategus, 734
Dominic, Patriarch of Grado, sent to Michael
VII, 598
Dominicans, in Bosnia, 545; Dominican helps
to defend Scutari, 586; at Nicaea, 608;
and Andronicus II, 614; at Pera, 615;
sent to John VI, 616; see John of Ragusa
Dominicus, bishop of Torcello, dispute about,
399
Dominicus, bishop sent to Moravia to estab-
lish Latin liturgy, 229
Dominicus, relative of the doge Tradonicus,
399
Don, river, 38, 185, 192 sq. , 195 sqq. , 202, 680
Donatus, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, legate of
Hadrian II at Constantinople, 251 sq.
Donatus, Patriarch of Grado, attacked by
Serenus, Patriarch of Aquileia, 389
Doras, Gothic town in the Crimea, 189
Dorino Gattilusio of Lesbos, his love of
archaeology, 465
Dorotheus, professor of law at Beyrout,
707
Dorylaeum (Eski-Shehr), occupied by Sara-
cens, 123; 130; 353; fortified by Manuel,
378; 602; 655 sq. ; Ertugbril established
at, 656; 657; Osman transfers his capital
from, 659; 660
Douglas, on Mongol massacre at Herat, 634
Doxapatrês, holds out against Latins in
Greece, 434
Doxopater, Gregory, Byzantine jurisconsult,
714; 722; nomophylax at Constantinople,
720; Nomocanon of, 723
Dracon, river of Asia Minor, 337
Dragases, see Constantine XI, Emperor
Dragoche, founds principality of Moldavia,
540
Dragovitchi, Bogomile heresy among, 238
Dragutin, see Stephen
Drama, district in Serbia, 553
Drave, river, 211
Dravidian language, 195
Dregoviches, Slav tribe, 206
Drin, Albanian river, 240; 583
Dristra, see Silistria
Drivasto, castle of, on the Adriatic, becomes
Venetian, 564, 570; 583; taken by Turks,
585, 592
Dromon, Byzantine ship of the line, 743
Drungarius, of the Fleet (Grand Drungarius),
office of, 731, 743; held by Romanus Leca-
penus, 61; 331; of the Watch, 721; Drun-
garii, subordinates of the strategus, 734,
739
“Drunkard," the, epithet applied to Emperor
Michael III, 43
Druses, sect, 301
Druzhina, detachment, of the Varangians in
Asia Minor, 88; in Sicily, 150; 204
Drvenglave, tomb of Stephen Lazarević at,
565
Ducas family, 771; and Alexius I, 327 sq. ,
332
Ducas, Andronicus, conspiracy of, against
Leo VÌ, 257
Ducas, Constantine, pretender to the throne,
60
Ducas, Constantine, see Constantine X
Ducas, Constantine, son of Michael VII, 327;
temporary heir presumptive, 328 sq. ; 346;
deposed by Alexius, 332
Ducas, John, Caesar, plots against Michael
VI, 320, 326; 327
Ducas, John, Grand Drungarius of Alexius I,
331, 339
Ducas, the historian, 765; and Gattilusi
family, 465, 474, 553 note; 558 note; 568
note; 570 note; 623; on numbers of Turks,
670, 689; 671 note; 676; 677 note; 678;
685 note; 686; 688 note; 691 note; 692


## p. 935 (#977) ############################################

Index
935
note; 695 note; 696 note; estimate of de-
fenders of Constantinople, 697 note; 700
note; on fall of Constantinople, 704
Duke, title of governor of Antioch, 734
Dulcigno, Latin bishopric of, 537; becomes
Venetian, 564, 583; taken by Turks, 585,
592
Dulo, Bulgarian dynasty of, 231
Dulūk, see Doliche
Auvarol, ol (the Powerful), 51; legislation
against them, 62, 93, 708, 715; 771
Duqāg, Seljūą ruler of Damascus, 314 sq,
Durazzo(Dyrrhachium), 110; and Bulgarians,
240 899. ; 244; besieged by Guiscard, 329,
408 sq. ; 332 ; 337; 423 ; 426 sqq. ; 452 ;
456; 497; obtained by Theodore II,
503 sq. ; 522; vicissitudes of, 535_note;
536; 541; 553; 564; 583; taken by Turks,
685; 592; 600; 675; theme of, 39, 733
Durostolus (Dristra), see Silistria
Dušan, see Stephen
Dvina, Western, Russian river, 193; 202
Dwin, in Saracen Armenia, 156; taken by
Smbat I, 160 sq. ; governor of, see Abū'l.
Aswār
Dyrrbachium, see Durazzo
Dzmndav, castle of Armeno-Cilicia, 167
Eagle, double-beaded, first used by Nicene
Empire, 514; assumed by Stephen Dušan,
542
Echmiadzin, in Armenia, Katholikos at,
182
Ecloga, code of Leo III, 5, 11, 708 sqq. ;
Basil I and, 712; treatises founded on it,
717, 721, 723, 725
Ecloga ad Prochiron Mutata, 717, 725
Ecloga cum appendice, 718
Ecloga Legis Mosaicae, 717
Ecloga legum in epitome expositarum, see
Epitome legum
Ecloga Novellarum, abridgment of Leo VI's
Novels, 715; 717; 723
Ecloga privata, 717
Ecloga privata aucta, 717, 725
Écri-sur-Aisne, Fourth Crusade planned at,
415
Edessa, 147; captured by Maniaces, 150,
175; 316; taken by Zangi, 317; Crusaders
at, 335, 343; "Image" of, taken by Cur-
cuas, 63, 143; “Discourse on the Image"
by Constantine VII, 67; second relic taken,
150; and Manuel I, 373, 375; count of, see
Joscelin; see also Matthew of
Edifices, Book of, by Procopius, 746
Edward I, King of England, Mongol letter
to, 176
Edward III, King of England, Gregory XI's
letter to, 618
Eger (Erlau), bishopric of, founded, 214
Egidius, Duke of Mačva and Bosnia, 591
Egilius Gaulus, of Jesolo, attacks the doge
Deusdedit, 391
Egypt, 38; 45; 125 sqq. ; independent of
Abbasid Caliphate, 139, 276, 300; annexed
by Fātimids, 277: Ayyübid dynasty in,
278, 302; 304; rule of the Mamlūks, 279;
relations with Alexius I, 339, 341; and
Manuel I, 376 sq. ; and Crusaders, 415 sq. ,
418; and Cyprus, 470 sqq. ; and Maria of
Bulgaria, 528; 604; effect of Mongols on,
629; and Caliphate, 642; and Il-Khāns of
Persia, 651 sq. ; Turkish tribes in, 653;
monks in, 753; 770; Egyptian army at
Antioch, 147; attacks Aleppo, 149; cap.
tures Antioch, 275; defeats Mongols, 279;
defeated by Timūr, 680; Egyptian officials
of Caliphate, 280; Egyptian Christians in
Arab Aeet, 2; Egyptian fileet, 119 sqq. ,
132, 145, 286; defeated by Venetians, 411;
see also Ayyūbids, Fățimids, Ikhshidids,
Mamlūks, Tūlūnids
Eidikos, office of, 731
Einhard, biographer of Charlemagne, 36; on
Pepin's invasion of Venice, 394
Eladas, John, rival of the Patriarch Nicholas
Mysticus, 60
Elbassan, monument of Carlo Thopia near,
553
Elcimon, monastery of, 107
Eleusis, 438
Elias Pasha, rebels against Murad II, 690
Elias, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Elis, Templars in, 437; 473
Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary, Duchess of
Mačva and Bosnia, 591
Elpidius, rebel in Sicily, 124; acknowledged
Emperor by the Saracens, 125; 134
Emeric, King of Hungary, occupies part of
Serbia, 519
Emeric, son of St Stephen of Hungary, 214
Emesa (Hims), 146; 148; captured by
Basil 9, 149; 359; 643; defeat of Mon-
gols and Armenians by Mamlūks at,
176
Emperors of the East, see Alexander, Alexius
I, II, III, IV, V, Andronicus I, II, III, IV,
Basil I, II, Constantine V, VI, VII, VIII,
IX, X, XI, Isaac I, II, John I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, Leo III, IV, V, VI,
Manuel I, II, Michael I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, Nicephorus I, II, III,
Romanus I, II, III, IV, Stauracius, Theo.
dore I, II, Theophilus. Empresses: Irene,
Theodora, Zoë
Emperors of the West, also Kings of the Ro-
mans, see Arnulf, Berengar, Charlemagne,
Charles the Fat, Conrad II, III, Frederick
I, II, III, Guy, Henry II, III, IV, V, VI,
Lothar I, III, Louis the Pious, Louis II,
Otto I, II, III, Sigismund
"Enantiophanes," anonymous author of
the Book of Antinomies, 707
Encheiridion, 717
Enghien family, claims of on Athens, 454;
see Marie
England, Manuel II in, 618, 678; envoy of
" Assassins” sent to, 638; 669; kings of,
see Edward, Henry, John, Richard
English captains at the court of Leo of Ar.


## p. 936 (#978) ############################################

936
Index
menia, 172; in Byzantine bodyguard, 209; Esegels, Bulgar tribe, 192, 195
English work on Cyril and Methodius, 216; Eski-Imaret-jāmi', see Pantepoptes under
garrison of Civitot, 331; in Byzantine Constantinople, churches of
army, 347; at court of Manuel I, 362; at Eski-Sagra (Stara-Zagora), Alexius I meets
battle of Nicopolis, 675
Robert of Flanders at, 334; John I defeats
Enna (Castro Giovanni), in Sicily, besieged Patzinaks at, 354; captured by Theodore
by Saracens, 35, 136; finally captured, II, 502; 519
461; 137 sq.
Eski-Shehr, see Dorylaeum
Enneads of Plotinus, translated into Arabic, Esztergom, see Gran
295
Etampes, assembly of, 366
Epanagoge, law book of Basil I, 52, 59, 712, Ethiopians, the, adhere to the Council of
717 sq. , 721 sqq.
Florence, 623
Epanagoge aucta, 717
Etna, Mt, 138
Eparch (prefect of Constantinople), office of, Euboea (Negropont), island of, ravaged by
731
Normans, 368; 371; 413; becomes Vene-
Eparchics (edicts of praetorian prefects), tian, 421, 431 sq. , 457; Latin nobles in,
714, 723
422; Venetian government of, 435; under
Eparchies (civil provinces), become themes, Achaian suzerainty, 439; 441; captured
732
by Licario, 445; 447; 451; 457 sqq. , 486;
Ephesus, 16; 126; 131; recaptured by Alex- Latin life in, 473; Genoese at, 511; 675;
ius I, 339; 367 sq. ; 495; 624; held by 476; see Negropont; see also Boniface,
Osmān, 657 sq. ; Tīmūrat, 684; 770; arch- Theophylact
bishops of, see Mark, Nicholas, Theodosius Euchaita, victory of the Saracens at, 127;
Epibatus in Thrace, taken by Turks, 667, see of, 56, 254
695
Eudocia Baiane, the Phrygian, third wife of
érißolń (adiectio), suspended by Tiberius II, Leo VI, 57, 256
708
Eudocia Ingerina, mother of Leo VI, and
Epirus, becomes Venetian, 421; Greek king- empress of Basil I, 43; 47; 50 sq. ; 53;
dom in, 423, 427, 478 sq. ; Michael Angelus, 55; 256
lordship in, 429 sq. , 436 sqq. , 493; 432; Eudocia Lascaris, daughter of Theodore I,
440; Neapolitan claims on, 446; 447 sq. ; 486
Orsini in, 453; Serbs in, 455, 543, 545; Eudocia Macrembolitissa, wife of Constan-
Turks in, 461; 472; 489; 505; 507; 524; tine X and of Romanus IV, 325 sq. ; 757
Florentines in, 553; 586; 604 sq. ; sees in, Eudocia, cousin and mistress of Andronicus
95, 243, (Latin) 607; Franciscans in, 609; I, 381
schism with Nicaea, 486, 497 sq. , 612; Eudocia, daughter of Alexius I, 346
rulers, see Table, 475 sq.
Eudocia, daughter of Constantine VIII, 84,
Epitome (Synagoge) canonum, 718, 723
96
Epitome canonum of Harmenopulus, 724 Eudocia, daughter of Leo VI, 55
Epitome canonum antiqua, 723
Eugenicus, Marcus, see Mark of Ephesus
Epitome legum (Ecloga legum in epitome ex- Eugenius III, Pope, and Emperor Manuel I,
positarum), 716 sq.
366, 369, 601
Epitome novellarum of Athanasius, 718 Eugenius IV, Pope, and Hunyadi, 571; and
Epitropi (¿TTLTPÓTOL), executors, in S. Italy, John VIII, 620 sqq. ; holds Council of
725
Florence, 623 sq.
Equilio Jesolo, see Cavazuccherina
Eugenius, St, patron of Trebizond, 487, 515
Erbil, conquered by Mongols, 636; 642 Eulogia, sister of Michael VIII, opposed to
Erghin, emir of Ostan, 182
union with Rome, 612
Eric the Good, King of Denmark, crusading Euphemia, mother of Boris of Hungary,
expedition of, 341
356
Erivan, 163
Euphemius, rebel in Sicily, 37, 134; killed,
Erizzo, Venetian defender of Negropont 135
against Turks, 466, 472
Euphorbenus, see Andronicus
Erkesiya, see “Great Fence”
Euphrates, river, Theophilus' campaign on,
Erlau, see Eger
38; 120; 132; 143 sqq. ; 178; 289; 291;
Ernjak, Mongol massacre at, 181
358; 736 sq.
Eroticus, see Comnenus (Manuel)
Euprepia, sister of Constantine IX, 111
Eroticus, Theophilus, revolts against Con. Euripus, strait, 435
stantine IX, 110
Europe, Armenia and, 159, 167; Mongols in,
Ertughril, father of Osmān, founder of the 628, 637 sqq. , 642 sq. ; Ottomans estab-
Ottoman Turks, 655 sq. , 660
lished in, 705; European provinces of
Erzerūm, see Theodosiopolis
Eastern Empire anti-iconoclast, 35; no-
Erzinjān, taken by Timūr, 679 sq.
bility of, 326, 771
Esau Buondelmonti, becomes ruler of Eustathius, Patriarch of Constantinople, and
Epirus, 457 ; 461; 475
the Papacy, 92, 262; 264


## p. 937 (#979) ############################################

937
Fārs, province, included in empire of
Khwārazm Shāh, 633; 642
Fātimah, daughter of Mahomet, 302
Fátimid (Fātimite) Caliphs, see Pākim,
Mu'izz, 'Ubaid-Allāh (Mahdí), Zābir; 132;
in Syria, 148 sq. , 302; 277; and Shi'ites,
301; 304; in Palestine, 316
Fëdor Ivanovich, Tsar of Russia, 200
Felix, bishop of Malamocco, 399
Felix, the tribune, Francophil conspirator
at Venice, 393
Fenestrelle pass into Italy, 391
Ferdinand I, King of Naples, 466
Ferdinand of Majorca, and principality of
Achaia, 452
Fermo, on the Adriatic, 398
Ferrara, 410; and Venice, 412; Council of,
621 ; transferred to Florence, 622
Fethiye-jāmi', see Pammakaristos, under
Constantinople, churches of
Feu, Chinese river, 645
Feudalism: in Byzantine Empire, military
fiefs in Asia Minor, 75, 771 sqq. ; Basil II's
legislation against, 92 sqq. ; strength of,
117, 771 sq. ; Alexius I and small fief-
holders, 347; Andronicus I and, 382;
effects on army and navy, 738, 742; in
Armeno-Cilicia, 167; compared with
Russian system, 206; under the Caliphate,
278, 285; in Latin Empire, 422, 480; in
Latin Greece, 433, 437, Chap. xv passim;
in Crete, 434; in Cyprus, 469, 472; in
Serbia, 547; in Bosnia, 585; of Turkish
military system, 664
Filelfo, Francesco, interpreter to Byzantine
embassy, 619; 693 note; 695 note;
on
Index
Eustathius, archbishop of Thessalonica,
orations of, 363; 754; classical commen.
taries of, 764; sermons of, 766
Eustathius, patrician, and the Magyars,
199
Eustathius, admiral of Alexius I, 340
Eustathius, author of work on the Hypobolon,
718
Eustathius Romanus, Byzantine juriscon-
sult, 718
Eustratius Garidas, Patriarch of Constan-
tinople, 328
Eustratius, bishop of Nicaea, and archbishop
Peter of Milan, 345, 600
Euthymius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 57,
60, 65, 257
Euthymius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 329
Euthymius the Younger, St, of Thessalonica,
life of, 255
Eutychian heresy, in Armenia, 155
Eutychius, exarch of Ravenna under Leo
III, 9; and Venetians, 390
Euxine, see Black Sea
'Efáßißlos, see Basilics, Promptuarium
Exarchate of Africa, created, 732
Exarchate of Italy (Ravenna), created, 732;
387; attacked by Lombards, 17, 390;
Manuel I and, 412
Exarchs, see Eutychius, John, Paul
Excubitors, regiment of the Byzantine Guard,
739; count of, see Michael II, Emperor
Exegesis Canonum, of Theodore Balsamon,
724
Εξηκοντάβιβλος, see Basilics
Eyyüb, see Kosmidion
Ezerites, Slav tribe, 42
Bashi-bazuks, 696
Filioque clause, in Creed, see Holy Ghost,
Doctrine of Procession of
Finances, under Leo III, 4; under Constan.
tine V, 13; under Irene, 27; under Nice-
phorus I, 27; under Theophilus, 39; Basil
I's reforms of, 51; reforms of Romanus I,
62; fiscal measures and taxation of
Nicephorus II, 76; abolition of the poll
tax by John I, 82; under Basil II, 93;
under Constantine VIII, 97; under Ro-
manus III, 99; under Michael IV, 103;
financial measures of Isaac I, 322; of
Alexius I, 332, 348 sq. ; of Manuel I, 364,
370; of John III, 498; of Theodore II,
505; financial administration of Byzan-
tine Empire, 731, 735, 771; 763; strained
by Saracen wars, 151; finances of Cali-
phate, 151 note; fiscal system of Caliphate,
280; taxation of non-Muslims, 287; Ma-
homet II and Turkish revenue, 705;
finances of Venice, 413
Finns, 184; Finnish origin of Bulgars, 184,
230; trade with Bulgars, 193 sq. ; Finnish
foundation of Magyar language, 195; tribes
in Russian Empire, 199 sq. ,
204
Fiorenza, Duchess of the Archipelago, 475
Fiqh (Muslim legal literature), 291 sq.
Firdausi, Persian poet, 303
Fabiani, Domenico, doge of Venice, 407
Fabriacus, last magister militum of Venice,
390
Faďl, Arab admiral, 133
Faại, Arab general, 125
Fadl ibn Jaʼfar, takes Messina, 136; 137
Fadl ibn Ya'qub, commander in Sicily, 136
Fadriques, the, of Sálona, fate of the last
heiress of, 458; see Alfonso
Fakhr-al-Mulk, vizier of Barkiyārug, 310
Fakhr-ud-Din Rāzī, commentator on the
Koran, 296
Falak-ad-Din‘AliChatri, rebellious chamber-
lain of Sanjar, 313
Falier, Ordelafo, doge of Venice, founds the
Arsenal, 410
Falier, Vitale, doge of Venice, and the
Normans, 409
“Falling Asleep of the Virgin," church of,
at Nicaea, 479
Famagosta in Cyprus, obtained by Genoa,
455, 465; 470; regained by Cyprus, 466,
471; captured by Turks, 472; 477; corona-
tion city of Cypriote kings of Jerusalem,
469
Fano, and Venice, 412
Fārābi, Arab author, 290, 296
Faraj, Arab leader, rebuilds Adana, 127


## p. 938 (#980) ############################################

938
Index
Flanders, count of, see Baldwin, Henry,
Philip, Robert
Flavigny, see Hugh of
Fleet, Byzantine, 741 sqq. ; in the Adriatic,
101, 139; under Constantine V, 18; at
Venice, 36, 386, 394; in Sicily, 46, 105,
134, 136, 147; attacks Damietta, 121, 127,
132, 376; in Sclerus’ revolt, 85; pillages
Seleucia, 130; defeat under Craterus, 128;
attacks Pelusium, 133; captures Cyprus,
140; defeated at Mylae, 141; expeditions
against the Cretans, 142 sqq. ; and the
Magyars, 199; in the Black Sea, 232; aids
the Pope against the Saracens, 253; 260 ;
reorganized by Alexius I, 328, 347; navy
tax of Manuel, 364; captures Laodicea,
341; Normans and, 342; and John II, 411;
and John III, 428, 488, 490; victories of
Michael VIII, 445; and Theodore I, 482,
of Andronicus III, 662; Grand Drungarius
of, 731; merchant marine, 762; themes
of, see Aegean, Carabisiani, Cibyrrhaeots,
Dodecanese, Samos
Fleet, Ottoman, 582; of Mahomet I, 687;
of Mahomet I at Belgrade, 576; at siege
of Constantinople, 696, 699 sqq. ; at
Trebizond, 690; at Cyprus, 472; at Chios,
675
Fleet, Saracen, defeated before Constanti-
nople, 2, 119; 38; piracy in Mediterranean,
36 ; under Thumāma, 123; victory in bay
of Attalia, 125; ravages Cyprus, 127; de-
feats Craterus, 128; 131; captures Attalia,
133; successes off Sicily, 136 sq. ; raids in
the tenth century, 141; 150; under the
Abbasids, 286; fleet of Smyrna, 331; helps
Venice, 404; defeated by Venetians, 741;
406; see also Egypt
Flemings in Greece, 447, 474; see Florent,
Jacques; Flemish duchy of Philippopolis,
520; see Renier
Florence, Walter de Brienne at, 454; By-
zantine Bible at, 768; Council of, see
Councils
Florent d'Avesnes, becomes Princeof Achaia,
446 sq. , 474
Florentines, in Athens, 431; 461 sq. ;
successes in Greece, 457, 553; 513; and
battle of Kossovo, 558
Foča, Turkish province of Bosnia, 579
Fogaras, Wallachia colonized from, 540
Foglia, see Phocaea
Formosus, cardinal-bishop of Porto (after.
wards Pope), Roman missionary in Bul.
garia, 45, 236; 252; and Photian schism,
256 .
Fortunatus, Patriarch of Grado, and Charle-
magne, 393; failure of his policy, 395
Forty Martyrs, church of, see Constantinople;
at Trnovo, 522; becomes mosque, 560
Foscarini, mission of, to Crete, 472
France: Pope Stephen II in, 17; Bohemond
of Antioch in, 336, 341; trade route to,
396; 601; Manuel I's embassy to, 602;
Michael VIII's embassy to, 610; John V
and, 618, 670; Manuel II and, 618, 678;
677; Assassin envoy in, 638; 669; kinge
of, see Charles, Louis, Philip
Francesco I Crispo, becomes Duke of the
Archipelago, 457, 475
Francesco , Duke of the Archipelago, 476
Francesco IIÍ, Duke of the Archipelago, 476
Francesco Gattilusio, of Lesbos, 455; 465
Francesco, son of Nerio II, Duke of Athens,
463 sq. ; 475
Franche-Comté, 440
Franciscans (Minorites), in Euboea, 438;
at Nicaea, 497, 608; in Bosnia, 532, 545,
575,581,583; sent to Michael VIII, 609 sq. ;
Hethum II of Armenia joins the, 177; see
John Parastron, John of Parma, John of
Pian di Carpine, Rubruquis
Franco, son of Antonio II of Athens, and
Turks, 463; made “Lord of Thebes,” 464;
executed, 465; 475
Francophil, party at Venice, 393; failure of,
395
Frankfort, Council of, 261 note
Franks, in Italy, 17, 22; and Irene, 24; and
Nicephorus I, 36 sq. ; invade Africa, 135;
and Theophilus, 136; 211; Frankish
Empire, 212; and Bulgars, 231, 234 sq. ;
259; and Venetia, 385, 388, 391, 393;
see also West, relations with
Fraunduni, tribune of Ammiana, 386
Frederick I Barbarossa, Western Emperor,
and Leo II of Armeno-Cilicia, 172; and
Manuel I, 369 sqq. , 378 sq. , 601; 385; 412;
at Venice, 414; and Bulgarians, 519;
Crusade of, 384, 519, 603
Frederick II, Western Emperor, and John
III, 429, 495 sqq. ; 608; and Cyprus, 469 ;
Theodore II's funeral oration, on, 498,
501; and Mongol menace, 638 sq.
Frederick III, Western Emperor, and Stephen
Vukčić, 574
Frederick Il of Aragon, King of Sicily, and
Catalans, 449; and duchy of Athens, 451;
453
Frederick III, King of Sicily, and Duke of
Athens, 455, 475
Frederick of Lorraine, see Stephen IX, Pope
Frederick of Randazzo, ruler of Athens, 475
French, captains with Leo II of Armeno-
Cilicia, 172; works on Ss. Cyril and
Methodius, 216; at court of Emperor
Manuel, 362; at Second Crusade, 366 sqq. ;
at conquest of Constantinople, 419; in
Genoa, 468; at battle of the Cephisus, 450;
in Greece, 474; at battle of Nicopolis, 561,
675 sq. ; 691; in Byzantine army, 738;
traveller at Constantinople, 746, 750 ;
fleet, 614; language at Theban court, 447
Friars, see " Crutched Friars,'' Dominicans,
Franciscans
Friesland, fishermen of, and Mongols, 639
Friuli, and Venice, 398; 402; duke of, see
Lupus
Froissart, on court of Epirus, 461
Fruyin (Prusianus), Bulgarian prince, and
1


## p. 939 (#981) ############################################

Index
939
Basil II, 242; conspires against Romanus
UI, 100, 244
Fucine lake, 448
Fulk of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, 359
Folk of Neuilly, preaches Fourth Crusade in
France, 415
Fundi, military fiefs in Armenia, 75
Fünfkirchen, see Pécs
Fustāt, in Egypt, 302
Gabala, taken by John I, 148; 343
Gabalås, John, ruler of Rhodes, 493 sq. ;
and Emperor John III, 477
Gabalâs, Leo, founds seigniory at Rhodes,
423, 432, 436, 445, 477; and John III,
488, 494
Gabras, general of Manuel I, 378
Gabras, Constantine, general of Alexius I,
344; duke of Trebizond, 353, 357
Gabriel of Melitene, and the Seljūgs, 315
Gabriel, private physician of Caliph Hārūn,
289
Gabriel Radomir Roman, Tsar of Bulgaria,
241; murdered, 242; 244
Gaeta, 134
Gagik I, King of Armenia, reign of, 162 sq.
Gagik II, last King of Armenia, 112; reign
of, 112, 164 sq. ; death of, 166 sq. , 169
Gagik, King of Vanand, 166
Gagliano, in Sicily, taken by Saracens, 137
Gaikhātū, Il-Khăn of Persia, and paper
currency, 630
Gaiucome (Givē), captured by Ertugbril, 655
Galata, 431; 509; Genoese at, 666, 680, 761;
677, 695 sq. , 699; position of, at siege of
Constantinople, 697,700; towerof, stormed
by Crusaders, 418
Galen, translation into Arabic, 297
Galicia, see Halicz, Red Russia
Galilee, prince of, see Hugh of Lusignan
Gallipoli, Frederick Barbarossa at, 384; be-
comes Venetian, 421; taken by John III,
128 sq. , 489; occupied by Turks, re-
covered by Amadeus of Savoy, 544, 555,
617, 669; Alans revolt at, 657; 659 sq. ;
677 ; Bāyazid at, 678; Venetian naval
victory at, 687; 693; 696; taken by
Murad II, 689
Gangra, captured by Saracens, 120; 344;
taken by John II, 357; 377
Ganos, on Sea of Marmora, attacked by Turks,
658
Garatoni, Christopher, legate of EugeniusIV,
620; at Constantinople, 621
Gardarik, Swedish name for Russia, 204
Garidas, Byzantine lawyer, 718, 720; works,
721; see Eustratius
Gastin, castle of, 361
Gattilusio, Genoese family, rulers in Lesbos,
455; 464 sqq. ; 474
Gauderic, and Anastasius the Librarian, 220
Gaul, Byzantine trade with, 762
Gebseh, in Asia Minor, captured by John III,
490; 676
Gemistus, see Plethon
Gemlik, see Civitot; gulf of, 668
Genesis, Byzantine illustrated Ms. of, at
Vienna, 768
Genesius, cited, 133 note
Gennadius (George Scholarius), Byzantine
theologian, afterwards Patriarch, opposi.
tion to Union, 624 sq. , 698; and Mahomet
II, 705; 766
Genoa, Genoese, and Alexius I, 341; and
Manuel I, 371; and Baldwin II, 429, 431;
and Michael VIII, 431, 510 sq. , 609; and
John VI, 666; at Constantinople, 362,
615, 678, 697, 700, 750; at siege of Con.
stantinople, 695,699; trade with Constanti.
nople, 762; with Cilicia, 173; and First
Crusade, 410; 411; in Crete, 434, 476;
in Chios and Lesbos, 455, 616 sq. , 672;
in Rhodes, 441, 494, 658; in Thebes, 440;
in Cyprus, 466, 469 sqq. ; lose Chios and
Phocaea, 468; 465; in Tenedos, 670; on
Black Sea, 549; and Catalans, 657; and
Murad I, 670; and Tīmūr, 680, 684 sq. ;
fleet of, 742; "castle" at Nymphaeum,
514; bishop of Kaffa, 614; Genoese
colonies, see Table, 477; Manuel II at
Genoa, 618; Genoa occupied by French,
468
Geoffrey I de Villehardouin, nephew of the
historian, founds principality of Achaia,
422 sq. , 426; 433 sg. ; 437; regent, becomes
Prince, 438; 452; 459; 474
Geoffrey II de Villehardouin, Prince of
Achaia, helps Latin Emperor, 429; 439;
prosperity of, 439; 474
George, King of Dioclea, and John II, 356
George Branković, Prince of Serbia, 562;
and Turks, 563 sq. ; becomes Despot of
Serbia, 564; and Murād II, 568 sqq. ;
690, 697; recovers his kingdom, 571; and
battle of Varna, 572; and Bosnia, 573,
575; and walls of Constantinople, 575 note;
and Mahomet II, 575 sq. ; death of, 577;
590
George I, ruler of the Zeta, 592
George II Balša, ruler of the Zeta, and
Venetians, 564; 592
George Jurašević, Montenegrin ruler, 592
George I Crnojević, Prince of Montenegro,
driven from his throne, 587; 592
George II Crnojević, Montenegrin ruler, 592
George Terteri I, made Tsar of Bulgaria,
529 sq. ; deposed by his son, 531; 533;
590
George Terteri II, Tsar of Bulgaria, 536;
590
George, the Paphlagonian, brother of
Michael IV, made Protovestiary, 102
George Monachus, Byzantine chronicler,
765
George Scholarius, see Gennadius
George, supposed companion of St Cyril,
218 sq.
George Syncellus, 26
George of Cyprus, at Nicaea, 506
Georgia, see Iberia


## p. 940 (#982) ############################################

940
Index
10 sq.
Georgios, Christian physician under Abbasids,
297
Geraki, Greek fortress, 443; frescoes at,
446, 473
Gerald of Aurillac, St, life of, 396
Gerard, abbot of Monte Cassino, Alexius I's
letter to, 345
Gerard de Stroem, duke of Philippopolis,
523; 590
Gerard of Cremona, translation of Avicenna,
297
Gerard, St, bishop of Csanád, and the
conversion of Hungary, 214
Germanicea (Mar‘ash), 2; in Saracen wars,
19, 51, 121, 123, 127, 130, 132, 143 sq. ; 168;
Crusaders at, 338, 341; ceded to Bohemond,
343; count of, see Baldwin
Germans, influence in Western Europe, 183;
in Pannonia, 211, 213; methods, 212, 215;
at court of Leo of Armeno-Cilicia, 172; 210;
216; in Byzantine army, 347,738; at court
of Manuel, 362; at Second Crusade, 366 sq. ;
in Athens, 474; at battle of Velbužd, 538;
at Kossovo, 692 sq. ; at Nicopolis, 676;
mercenaries, 657; 691; guard of Stephen
Dušan, 546, 549; opposition to Byzantine
missions, 44, 227
Germanus, minister of Nicephorus III, 327
Germanus I, Patriarch of Constantinople,
crowns Leo III, 2; deposition and death,
Germanus II, Patriarch at Nicaea, 499, 607
Germanus III, ex-Patriarch of Constanti.
nople, 612
Germany, and Hungary, 213; trade route to,
396; Boniface and Montferrat in, 416;
Alexius Angelus in, 417, 604; Mongols in,
628; Manuel II in, 678; and Byzantium,
see West, relations with; see Emperors of
the West, Germans
Germiyān, Turkish rule in, 654, see also
Phrygia
Gero, archbishop of Cologne, ambassador to
John I, 81
Getadartz, see Petros
Géza II, King of Hungary, and the Empire,
368, 372, 381
Géza, Prince of the Magyars, converted to
Christianity, 213
Ghamr, Arab prince, 121, 123
Gbazāli, Arab theologian and mystic, 292;
works of, 289, 293; 296; 306
Ghāzān Khān, il-Khān of Persia, 644 ;
alliance with Armenia, 177 sq. ; war with
Egypt, 652
Ghāzi (Malik Gbāzi), Dānishmandite emir,
opposes First Crusade, 340; wars with
Empire, 353 sq. , 357
Ghaznah, 299; 305; conquered by Seljūgs,
311; 312
Ghaznawids, Turkish dynasty, 277, 300,
303 sg. ; see Mahmūd, Ma'sud
Ghibellines at Pisa, 371; and Fourth Crusade,
604; and Charles of Anjou, 610 sq.
Ghisi, the brothers, lordship of, in the
Sporades, 435; 445; bequest to Veni
457, 474
Ghiyāth-ad-Din Ghāzī, Sultan of Alep,
defeated by Leo the Great, 173
Ghiyāth-ad-Din, Khwārazmian prince, 6:
Ghīyāth-ad-Dunya-w'ad-Din, title beston
on Muḥammad the Seljūg, 310
Ghūr, Sultan of, see Pusain ibn Has
Jahānsūz
Ghuzz (Guzes, Torki, Uzes), nomad tril
197sq. , 631; 303; 312; war against Sanj
303, 313; 325
Giacomo I, Duke of the Archipelago, 476
Giacomo II, Duke of the Archipelago, 471
Giacomo III, Duke of the Archipelago, 4'
Giacomo IV, last Duke of the Archipelag
468, 476
Gian Giacomo, Duke of the Archipelag
476
Gibbon, on the captivity of Bāyazid, 683
Giberto dalle Carceri, receives fief in Euboe
435
Gidos, see Andronicus I Gidos
Gilds at Constantinople, 58, 716, 719, 73
761
Giorgi, King of Iberia, attacks John-Smb
of Armenia, 163
Giovanna, divorced wife of Peter ]
Candianus, 402
Giovanni I, Duke of the Archipelago, 475
Giovanni II, Duke of the Archipelago, 471
Giovanni III, Duke of the Archipelag
476
Giovanni IV, Duke of the Archipelago, 46
474, 476
Giovanni Asan, natural son of Centurioi
Zaccaria, 463
Gipsies, settled in Anazarbus, 132
Girgenti in Sicily, 135
Gisela, German princess, wife of St Stephe
of Hungary, 214
Giurgevo, Roumanian town, occupied !
Turks, 567, 687
Giustiniani, John, Genoese noble, defeni
Constantinople, 695, 697 sqq. ; wound an
death of, 703;
704
Giustiniani, maona of, Genoese company ?
Chios, 455; 468; 474; 672
Givē (Gaiucome), captured by Ertughril, 65
Glaber, Radulphus, on Patriarch Eustathir
and John XIX, 262 note, 263
Glagolitic script (Slavonic alphabet), 44
220; 225; 526; 776
Glaréntza, hill of, 439, 452; Constantin
Palaeologus at, 460; Thomas Palaeologo
at, 461; ruins of, 474
Gliavar, see Vusir
Glokhov, destroyed by Mongols, 637
Glossae Nomicaé, Byzantine law book, 722
Glycas, Byzantine chronicler, 363
Gnostic influence on Muslim mysticism
293; on Shi'ah doctrine, 301
Godefroy, biographer of Marshal Boucicaut
677
Godfrey of Bouillon, and the Seljūgs, 315


## p. 941 (#983) ############################################

Index
941
316; 335; at Constantinople, 337; death
of, 340; 367; 655
Golden Gate of Constantinople, 232 sq. , 243,
251; 509; 512; 666; 675; 749
"Golden-headed Virgin," monastery of, at
Trebizond, 487, 515
Golden Horde (Western Kipchaks), 652;
destroys Bulgary, 193; Cumans included
in, 631
Golden Horn, 73; 418; 431; 512; 623; 626;
677; 695; walls of Constantinople on,
697 sqq. , 747; Mahomet II's fleet in,
700 sq. ; 702; 747 sq. ; fish market on the,
761; 762
Golden Milestone, see Constantinople
Gongylas, Constantine, patrician, defeated
in Crete, 144
Gorazd, successor of St Methodius in Moravia,
229
Gordi in Armenia, 56
Gorgippia, Jewish community at, 190
Gorigos in Cilicia, occupied by Byzantines,
340; held by Cyprus, 470; lost, 471; see
Mary, Oshin
Goromozol in Cilicia, 168
Gospels, translated into Slav dialect, 44,
222, 226; Armenian MSS copies of, 162;
Byzantine MS of, at Florence, 768
Gothic Art, 777
Gothland, fishermen from, and Mongols,
639
Goths, in Western Russia, 184; and Justinian
I, 385; in Byzantine army, 738; King of,
see Witigis
Gozzadini, Bolognese dynasty in Aegean,
Great Laura, the, on Mount Athos, 70, 79,
81, 260; Basil II's gifts to, 90
Great Moravia, evangelised by Cyril and
Methodius, 44, 210; prince of, see Rosti-
slav, Svatopluk; conquered by the Mag-
yars, 212; see Moravia
Great Prêslav, see Preslav
Greece, risings in, 9, 11, 20; raids on coast
of, 143; Varangians in, 209; Bulgarians
in, 240 sq. , 244; and Boniface of Mont-
ferrat, 421, 424; 423; Latin States in,
Chap. xv; results of Latin rule in, 473
sq. ;
512; Serbians in, 543, 552; Michael VIII
attacks, 612; Turks in, 458 sqq. ; 671 sqq. ,
689 sq. ; 629; Byzantine law in, 723;
churches in, 768 sq. ; translations into
Arabic, 290, 292, 296 sqq. ; language, 447,
736, 763, 774, 777; scholarships at Paris,
616; colonies on Black Sea, 183 sqq.
Greek fire, 2, 19, 205, 743 sq.
“Greek Hollow,” the, supposed scene of the
defeat of Nicephorus I by the Bulgarians,
233
Greens and Blues, circus factions (demes) in
Constantinople, 758 sq.
Gregoras, Nicephorus, Byzantine historian
and theologian, 765 sq. ; on Serbian court,
536 sq. ; 539 note; 544 note; 616 note
Gregoras, patrician, killed in Sicily, 134
Gregory II, Pope, 9 sq. , 41
Gregory III, Pope, and Leo III, 10; 17; and
Exarchate, 390
Gregory V, Pope, election of, 91
Gregory VII (Hildebrand), Pope, and Croatia,
325; and Alexius I, 329, 333; 521; 595
sqq. ; his letters appealing for Crusade,
598; struggle with Henry IV, 598; 626
Gregory IX, Pope, and John III, 489, 497,
608; and Manuel Angelus, 607; 638; and
Mongol menace, 639
Gregory X (Tedaldo Visconti), Pope, and
Michael VIII, 611; and Council of Lyons,
612; 626
Gregory XI, Pope, and the Turks, 618, 670;
671
Gregory, Patriarch of Constantinople, de-
posed as pro-unionist, 624; proclaims the
Union, 625; 698
Gregory Asbestas, archbishop of Syracuse,
and Pope Leo IV, 247
Gregory Nazianzen, St, St Cyril and, 217;
MS of, 53, 769
Gregory of Amastris, St, biography of, on
Russian raids in Asia Minor, 203
Gregory, son of George Branković, blinded
by Turks, 570; 577 sq.
Gregory, Byzantine admiral, 134
Gregory of Klath, Armenian churchman, 182
Gregory of Tathew, Armenian churchman,
182
Grigor VII Apirat, Katholikos of Armenia,
crowns Leo the Great, 172
Grigor VIII Anavarzetsi, Katholikos of Ar-
menia, and Roman Church, 178
Grigor IX, Katholikos of Armenia, 182
467 sq.
Grabusa, Cretan fortress, 472
Gradenigo, Marco, Venetian podestà at
Constantinople, 511 ; abandons Constanti-
nople, 512
Gradicna, Prince of Dioclea, 356
Grado, settlement of, 386; raid of Lupus on,
387; see of, 224; Patriarchate of, founded,
387 sq. ; and Istria, 389; Patriarch mur.
dered at, 393; 395; struggle with Doge,
399; with Aquileia, 401, 407 sq. ; Patri.
archate transferred from, 397, 408, 414;
Patriarch of, 266; see Dominic, Donatus,
Fortunatus, John, Orso; church of Santa
Eufemia at, 386, 400
Graltzas Palaeologus, and the Turks, 464
Gran (Esztergom), archbishopric of, founded,
214; see Anastasius; captured by Mongols,
638
Grangerin, see Henri de
Grantmesnil, see William of
Graptoi, name given to image worshipping
martyrs, 34
Graviá, pass of, 433
Great Bridge at Stamboul, 750
Great Bulgaria, 637; see Bulgars (White)
Great Council of Venice (Maggior Consiglio),
409, 413
Great Fence, Greco-Bulgarian boundary,
234


## p.
942 (#984) ############################################

942
Index
Grigor Mamikonian, Armenian leader, 157
Grigori, Bulgarian translator, 237
Grotta Ferrata, St Nilus at, 258; abbot of,
sent to Alexius I, 598
Grubessa, Prince of Dioclea, and John II,
356
Gualdrada of Tuscany, wife of Peter IV
Candianus, 402 sq.
Gugarkh, in Armenia, 158; revolts against
Ashot, 159
Guglielmo I, Duke of the Archipelago, 475
Guglielmo II, Duke of the Archipelago,
476
Guibert de Nogent, 599 note
Guillaume de Sains, at Hereke, 483
Guiragos, see Kirakos
Guiscard, see Robert
Gul-jāmi(church of St Theodosius), see
under Constantinople, churches of
Gumaljina, captured by Turks, 672
γυμνοί, see Naked
Gumushtagin, Seljūq Atābeg, 309
Gunaria in Paphlagonia, 117, 320
Gunter (Wintker), Marquess of Istria, and
Venice, 401
Gurdizi, on location of Magyars, 195
Guy, Western Emperor, King of Italy, and
Venice, 400
Gay de Lusignan, ex-King of Jerusalem,
King of Cyprus, 468 sq. , 476
Guy of Lusignan, King of Armeno-Cilicia,
180 sq.
491; 502; 522; Turkish, 555, 562, 57
579, 617, 667 sqq. ; 658; 670; 674; 67
685; 687; death of Mahomet I at, 68
689 sq. ; 692; death of Murad II at, 69
695 sq. ; palace of Mahomet II at, 70
capital of Macedonian theme, 733
Hadrianople (Charisius) Gate, at Constan
nople, 696 sqq. , 702, 704, 748
Haemus, the, passes of, 354
Hagiopolites, John, superintendent of post
and Photius, 254
Hagiotheodorita, see Theodorita
Haguenau, 604
Haifa, taken by Crusaders, 410
Hainault, count of, 447; see Matilda of
Hājji Bektash, dervish, and naming of tł
Janissaries, 663
Pākim, Fātimid Caliph of Egypt, conclud.
peace with Basil II, 149; persecutes Chri
tians at Jerusalem, 316
Halicarnassus, see Budrun
Halicz, prince of, see Vladimirko, Yarosla:
Halil Ganem, on character of Mahomet
688; on Mahomet II, 704
Halmyrus in Greece, 433
Haly Abbas, see 'Ali ibn al-'Abbās
Halys, river, 46; 129; 134
Hamadān, taken by Seljūgs, 304; 309 sq.
Hamāh, taken by Zangi, 317; 359; by Timū
680
Hamdānids, rulers of Aleppo, 143 sq. , 141
148 sq. ; rise of, 277; see Sa'd-ad-Daulał
Saif-ad-Daulah
Hammer, von, on Janissaries, 663, 673
Hangchow, see Lingan
Haram (Uj Palanka), Hungarians defeate
at, 355
Hārim, Latin defeat at, 359; 375
Hariri, Arab author of Maqāmāt, 294
Harmenopulus, Constantine, Byzantine lege
writer, 715, 717; nomophylax at Constad
tinople, 720; Promptuarium of, 721 sqq.
724
Harnack, quoted on iconoclastic struggle, 4
Harold Fairhair, King of Norway, leader o
the Varangians in Sicily, 150
Harrān, Arabic language in, 290; Gree
translators at, 297 sq. ; Crusaders de
feated at, 341; emir of, see Qāraja
Harrānians, and Islām, 287
Harthama, Arab commander in Cilicia, 12
Hārūn ar-Rashid (Rashid), Abbasid Caliph o
Baghdad, victorious over Irene, 22, 24
124 sqq. ; 39; and Nicephorus I, 126; deatb
127, 275; revenue, 151; and Armenians
157; and Chazars, 189; and Barmecides
274; and postal service, 283; and non
Muslims, 288 sq. ; 291; 293 sq. ; poets o
his court, 290
Pasan, Turkish emir of Cappadocia, 344
Hasan ibn Şabbāh, founder of the Assassins
305
Hasan, Persian commander under the Arabs
Guy I de la Roche, Lord of Athens, suc-
ceeds his uncle, 439 sq. , and William of
Achaia, 441, 443; made Duke, 442, 475
Guy II, Duke of Athens, minority of, 446;
brilliancy of his court, 447; death, 449
Guzes, see Ghuzz
Gyla, Gyula, Magyar title, 196
Gynaeceum, at Constantinople, 756
Györ (Raab), bishopric of, founded, 214
Gyulafehérvár (Karlsburg), bishopric of,
founded, 214
$99. ; 475
21;
Habsburg, House of, 559
Kadath, in Syria, 143
Hades, victory of Isaac Comnenus at, 321
Hadrian, Emperor, 629; “house of” at
Athens, 459
Hadrian I, Pope, 18; and Empress Irene,
246
Hadrian II, Pope, and Basil I, 54, 139, 253 ;
and Moravian princes, 221, 226; and SS.
Cyril and Methodius, 224, 250; and Bul.
garia, 236; convokes council of Constan-
tinople, 251 sq.
Hadrian III, Pope, and Photian schism, 254
Hadrian IV, Pope, and Union of the
Churches, 369, 596, 601
Hadrianople, in Bulgarian wars, 29, 37, 233
sq. , 237 sq. ; 49; 110 sq. ; 318; 327; 330;
Crusaders at, 366, 384; Venetian, 421;
defeat of Baldwin I at, 424, 520; given to
Branas, 425; 427; taken by John II, 428;
122 sqq.
Hasan, Seljūg leader, 164


## p. 943 (#985) ############################################

Index
943
20
Pasan, the Janissary, first to enter Con.
stantinople, 703
Havelberg, see Anselm
Hayton, see Hethum
Hebrew language, and St Cyril, 220, 225
Heimbach, G. E. , modern editor of Har-
menopulus, 723
Helen (Palaeologus), Queen of Cyprus, 471
Helena, Empress, mother of Constantine
the Great, 25
Helena, daughter of Romanus I, marriage
to Constantine VII, 61; 64; 67; death,
61; 98 note
Helena, daughter of Alypius, wife of Con.
stantine VIII, 84, 96
Helena, Empress, wife of John V, 617
Helena, niece of Romanus III, married to
King of Iberia, 100
Helena, Queen of Serbia, daughter of Em.
peror Baldwin II, 527, 530, 533
Helena Gruba, regent in Bosnia, 560; de-
posed, 565, 591
Helež, Bosnian family, 583
Helladics, turmarch of the, see Agallianus
Hellas, theme of, 733, 742
Hellenes,” connotation at Constantinople,
261
Hellenisation of the Empire, 731, 736
Hellespont, Saracen fleet in, 141, 148; 234;
431; Venetian colonies on, 480 sq. ; 487
Helsingfors, Ugro-Finnish Society of, and
site of Karakorum, 640
Henri de Grangerin, at Pegae, 485
Henry of Flanders, Latin Emperor, becomes
lord of Adramyttium, 422 sq. ; in Asia
Minor, 424; 481 sqq. , 485; becomes Em.
peror of the East, 425; successful reign
of, 426; 427; and Marco Sanudo, 436;
and Geoffrey de Villehardouin, 438; and
Boril of Bulgaria, 521; and Pope Inno-
cent III, 606
Henry II, Emperor of the West, 406
Henry IIÍ, Emperor of the West, and Venice,
408; embassy of Argyrus to, 597
Henry IV, Emperor of the West, and Alexius
I, 329, 408; Gregory VII and, 598
Henry V, Emperor of the West, 345; 354;
and the Papacy, 600
Henry VI, Emperor of the West, sends crown
to Leo of Armeno-Cilicia, 172; Byzan-
tium and, 416 sq. , 603
Henry I of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, and
Frederick II, 469; 476
Henry II of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, 179
sq. ; deposed by his brother, 469; 477
Henry III, King of England, letter of Latin
Emperor to, 490; and Mongols, 638 ·
Henry IV, King of England, visited by
Manuel II, 618, 678
Henry VI, King of England, 691
Henry, duke of Austria, and Manuel I, 371
Henry, duke of Silesia, defeated by Mongols,
637
Henry, Latin Patriarch, and Clement VI,
615
Heraclea (Cybistra), taken by Arabs, 126,
128; Crusaders defeated at, 341; 421;
480; 482; annexed by Nicaea, 483; ceded
to Genoese, 666; bishop of, see Nicephorus
Heraclea, Venetian township, settlement of,
386 sqq. ; 389; quarrels with Jesolo, 387,
390 sqq. ; taken by Pepin, 394; devastated
by Magyars, 400; diocese of, 387, 405
Heraclian dynasty, 729
Heraclius, Emperor, 625, 707; Novels of,
708, 711
Herāt, destroyed by Mongols, 279, 634; 313
Hercules, 484
Hereke, taken by Latins, 483
Hermanric, bishop of Passau, and Methodius,
227
Hermopolis, see Theodore of
Hermus valley, 354; 512; river, 378
Herodotus, 447
Hersek, on the Gulf of Izmid, 582
Hervé, the Francopol, ill-treated by Michael
VI, 117
Herzegovina, the, 517; see Hum; deri-
vation of name, 574
Hesiod, 763
Hetairia, regiment of the Imperial body-
guard, 738
Hethum I (Hayton), King of Armeno-
Cilicia, crowned by his father, 174; his
alliance with the Mongols, 175, 638 note
Hethum II (Hayton), the One-Eyed, King
of Armeno-Cilicia, 176 sqq. ; and Mongols,
178, 180; 181
Hethum (Hayton), of Lambron, son-in-law
of Thoros II, 170; wars against Ruben II,
171, 174
Hethumian princes of Armeno-Cilicia, 154;
extinct, 180
Hexabiblos, see Promptuarium
Hexameron (Shestodnev), work of John the
exarch, 237
Hexamilion, Greek stronghold at Isthmus of
Corinth taken by Turks, 690; see Isthmus
Hia (Tangut), Chinese province, invaded by
Mongols, 633
Hicanati, regiment of the Byzantine Guards,
739; Domestic of the, see Curcuas, John
Hierapolis (Chemishgadzak in Armenia),
birthplace of John 1, 78
Hierapolis in North Syria, see Manbij
Hieria, palace of, see Constantinople,
Councils
Hiericho, captured by Normans, 329, 342
Hieronymus, Byzantine canonist, 711
“High Fortress. " See Bardsrberd
Hildebrand, Duke, takes Ravenna, 390
Hildebrand, see Gregory VII, Pope
Himalayas, 651
Himerius, Byzantine admiral, 141; defeated
and disgraced, 142
Pims, see Emesa
Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, and Pho-
tius, 250
Hindu, see India
Hindu Kush, mountain range, 277


## p. 944 (#986) ############################################

944
Index
337;
Hippocrates, translated into Arabic, 297
Hippodrome (Circus), see Constantinople
Hisham, Umayyad Caliph, 120 sq.
Hişn Manşūr, see Perrhe
Mittīn, battle of, 278
Sochau, Chinese town, death of Mangu
Khan at, 645
Hohenburg, see Berthold
Hohenstaufen, the, ambitions of, 596; 603;
see Constance of
Holland, 449
Holy Angels, the, Gate of, at Constantinople,
323
Holy Apostles, church of, see Constantinople
Holy Argyri, monastery of the, founded by
Michael IV, 104
Holy Ghost, Doctrine of the Procession of
the, 91; in Armenia, 179; St Methodius
and, 228; Photius and, 249 sq. , 254;
Emperor Leo VI on, 258, 261, 267, 271;
John III and, 497; Theodore II and, 505;
594 sq. ; John Beccus and, 613; Manuel II
and, 618; Plethon and, 624; at Council
of Bari, 600; at Ferrara, 621, 623
Holy Mountain,
see Athos
Holy Sepulchre, church of, see Jerusalem
Homa, see Sublaeum
Homer, taught at Constantinople, 114; 218;
703; Epirote paraphrase of, 453, 474; com-
mentary on, 764
Honan, Chinese province, 635 sq. , 645
Honorius II, Pope, and John II, 355, 596;
600
Honorius III, Pope, sends legate to crown
Stephen of Serbia, 521
Honorius II, anti-Pope, see Cadalus
Hospitallers (Knights of St John, Knights of
Rhodes), at Antioch, 173; and Hethum of
Armenia, 177 sq. ; in Greece, 437, 456, 459;
in Rhodes, 455, 458, 465, 467, 665, 671;
in Icaria, 468, 477; and Peter of Cyprus,
470; 474; share in Latin Empire, 480; in
Roumania, 540; 511; 617; take Attalia,
669; and Theodore of Mistrâ, 677 sq. ;
defend Smyrna, 683 sq. ; and Mahomet ÎI,
687; Grand Master of, 672
Howorth, Sir H. , on origin of name Tartar,
630; on Mongol massacre, 634; on Kublai
Khan, 648
Hranić, see Sandalj
Hratchea, ancestor of the Bagratuni, 157
Hring, among Avars, 199
Hrushevsky, on early Russian history, 203
saq.
Hrvoje Vukčić, Grand Duke, "Kingmaker,”
in Bosnia, 560; 565; death, 566, 578
Hubaira, see Omar
Hubert of Biandrate, baile of Thessalonica,
426
Hubert, marquess of Tuscany, 402
Hugh I of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, 476
Hugh II of Lusignan, King of Cyprus,
476
Hugh III, King of Cyprus, father-in-law of
Oshin of Armeno-Cilicia, 179, 477
Hugh IV, King of Cyprus, 477; and Con
stantine IV of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Hugh of Lusignan, Prince of Galilee, an
the Morea, 454
Hugh of Provence, King of Italy, 64; an
Constantine VII, 260; and Venice, 400
402
Hugh of St Pol, made lord of Demotika, 42
Hugh of Vermandois reaches Constantinople
339
Hugh of Flavigny,_262 note
Hūlāgū, Mongol Il-Khān of Persia, an
Hethum I, 179; captures Baghdad, 27%
300, 642; conquers “Assassins,” 641
638; 643; founds Persian dynasty, 644
645; 647; becomes a Muslim, 646, 651
654; patronage of astronomy, 299, 629
Hum, land of (Herzegovina), 517; 523
Župan of, 524; seized by Hungary, 52€
556; 531; by Serbia, 534; 542; by Bosnia
544; 566 sq. ;579; made Hungarian duchy
520; 553; Hranič rules over, 573; 575
attacked by Turks, 580 sq. , 673; finall
annexed, 582; Table of rulers, 591
Þumaid, Saracen admiral, ravages Cyprus
127
Humbert of Dauphiné, founds Greek schola:
ships at Paris, 616
Humbert, cardinal-bishop of Sylva Candida
legate of the Pope at Benevento, 266 sq
at Constantinople, 269, 271
Humbertopulus, Norman leader, conspire
against Alexius I, 332
Hunain ibn Isḥāq (Johannitius), Arab tran:
lator of medical works, 297
Hundred Years' War, 669
Hunfalvy, on origin of Magyars, 194 sq.
Hungaria, Great, 195
Hungarians, see also Magyars; 140, 170
and Isaac I, 322, 324; 325; and John I
355 sqq. ; and Manuel, 368 sqq. , 372; 37:
and Venice, 409 sqq. , 416; and Serbis
519, 531, 535, 545, 553 sq. , 563 sq. , 56
571, 578; and Bulgaria, 526 sq. , 554; an
Bosnia, 526, 544, 556, 559, 566, 574, 57
581; and Turks, 617 sq. ; 669 sq. ; !
Nicopolis, 676; at Kossovo, 573, 693; 689
692; and Mahomet II, 694
Hungary, Magyars in, 198 sq. , 210 seg.
Bulgars in, 234; and Turks, 617 sq. ; 65.
675; 685; 687; Murād II in, 690; invade
by Mongols, 608, 628, 637, 639; kings o
see Andrew, Béla, Emeric, Géza, Kolomai
Ladislas, Louis, Matthias, Sigismuna
Stephen, Vladislav; see also Margaret of
Hung-Wu, Chinese Emperor, founders
Ming dynasty, 649
Huns, 184 sq. ; (Utigurs) 188; in Justinian
army, 738; and Constantinople, 747
Hunyadi, John, voïvode of Transylvania, vi:
tories of, over Turks, 462, 571, 584, 624; :
battle of Varna, 572, 691 sq. ; at Kossove
573, 692 sq. ; and Bosnia, 574 sq. ; save
Belgrade, 576; and Mahomet II, 694
death, 577; 701
)


## p. 945 (#987) ############################################

945
and, 429, 492; 479; 642; see Kai-Kā'ús,
Kai-Khusrū, Kai-Qubād, Malik-Shāh,
Masóūd, Qilij-Arslān, Sbābinshāh, Su-
laiman
Iconoclasm, 5 sq. , 13 sq. , 20 sq. , 26, 30 sq. ,
33 sq. , 41, 390
Iconoclastic Emperors, see Chap. I passim;
general estimate, 1, 6 sqq. ; 41; legislation
of, 708 sgg.
Ida, Mt, passes of, 481
Idrīs ibn 'Abdallāh, founder of dynasty in
Morocco, 300
Idrisid, dynasty in Morocco, 300
Ignatius, Patriarch of Constantinople, de-
posed by Bardas, 46, 248 sq. ; appeals to
Rome, 47; reinstated by Basil I, 53, 251;
death, 54, 253; 218 sq. ; and Pope Leo
IV, 247; conflict with Photius, 248 sq. ,
255
Igor, Prince of Kiev, expedition against
Greeks, 205; 207, 743
Igumen (abbot), of the Laura, authority of,
81
Ikhshidids, Egyptian dynasty, 143, 300, 302
Ikhtiman, in Bulgaria, 240
Iek, title of supreme Khagan of the Chazars,
189 sq.
651 sq.
Il-Ghāzi, of the Urtuqid dynasty, 316 sq.
Il-Khāns, Mongol dynasty of Persia, founded,
279; converted to Islām, 644; and Egypt,
Ilkilig, son of Atsiz Shāh, 312
“Illumination,” Persian Islāmic philosophy
of, 296
Illyria, 675
Illyricum, 329; dioceses of, placed under the
jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constan.
tinople, 10, 58, 246
Ilmen', Lake, 202
Ilovayski, on early Russian princes, 205
Ilya, see St Elias
'Imād-ad-Din, biographer of Saladin, 306
*Imād-ad-Dīn Zangi, see Zangi
Image worship, see Iconoclasm
Imām-Caliph, the, ideal of, 279, 282; Sbi'.
ites and the Imāmship of 'Alī, 301
Imāms, spared by Timūr, 680
Imbros, 323; given to Demetrius Palaeologus,
464; 465; birthplace of Critobulus, 474
Imperator, see Basileus
“Independents," Greek farmers of country
round Constantinople, 509; and capture
of, 511 sq.
"Index" to Arab literature by Nādim, 290
India, Masóūdi's travels in, 295; Shi'ite
doctrines in, 301 sq. ; Mahmūd's cam-
paigns in, 303; Masóūd in, 304; Seljūg
expedition to, 311; 551; Mogul dynasty
in, 629, 650, 652; Tīmūr's conquest of,
650 sq. ; Indian (Hindu) medicine, 297;
astronomy, 298; Indian Ocean, 274
Indies, the, merchandise of, in Armenia, 162
"Ivdikes, abridgments of Justinian's legal
work, 707
Indo-Bactrian coins, used by Bulgars, 193
60
Index
Husain, Muslim martyr, 288
uşain, brother-in-law of Tīmūr, 650
Husain ibn Hasan Jahānsūz, Sultan of
Ghūr, defeated by Sanjar, 313
Hyakinthos, monastery of, at Nicaea, 484,
486
Hylilas, John, see John
Hypatos (consul), title conferred on the Doge
Marcellus, 390
Hyperperi, 514; see Coinage
Hypobolon (ümbolov), bridal gift in Byzan-
tine law, 716, 718
Ibelin, see John of
Iberia (Georgia), Basil II in, 95 sq. , 149,
164; and Armenia, 155; devastated by
Chazars, 189; and Trebizond, 472, 480,
515; and Seljūgs, 310; conquered by
Mongols, 636, 639; influence of Byzantine
law in, 724; 653; enamel work in, 162;
kings of, see Bagarat, Giorgi, Liparid,
Parakat; queen of, 639; see also Katholikos;
curopalates of, 62, 86
Iberians, 97, 103; in Byzantine army, 738;
convent of, on Mount Athos, 66; clergy at
Council of Ferrara, 621
Ibn al-Athir, Arab historian, 106, 133 note;
works of, 293
Ibn al-Habbārīyah, Arab satirist, 305
Ibn Bājja, see Avenpace
Ibn FaŅlan, on Chazar judges, 191; on Bul-
gars, 194
Ibn Haukal, on town of Bulgary, 193
Ibn Hisham, Arab grammarian, 293
Ibn Ishaq, biographer of Mahomet, 293
Ibn Khurdadhbih, Persian post-master, offi-
cial handbook by, 295; on Russian trade,
201
Ibn Mangū, son-in-law of Ghāzī, 353
Ibn Rushd, see Averroes
Ibn Rusta, on town of Itil, 191; on Burdas,
192; on Magyars, 195 sqq.
Ibn Sa'd, Arab biographer, 293
Ibn Sinā, see Avicenna
Ibn Tufail, see Abubacer
Ibrāhim, Abbasid prince, rival to the Caliph
Ma'mūn, 127
Ibrāhīm, Arab general, 126
Ibrāhīm, emir of Qaramān, and Mahomet II,
693 sq.
Ibrāhim ibn al-Aghlab, emir of Africa, 134;
141; 275; 300
Ibrāhim ibn Ināl (Niyāl), Seljūq prince, 304
Icaria, island taken by John III, 428; 488;
Genoese and Hospitallers in, 468; 477
Iceland, Northmen from, 738
Iconium (Qonya), capital of Seljūgs of Rūm,
315; Crusaders at, 338; Manuel I fails at,
365; Manuel's last attack on, 378; 654
Iconium (Rūm), Sultans of, 168, 315; raids
on Armeno-Cilicia, 171 sqq. ; and Mongols,
174 sqq. , 653; and Alexius I, 343 sq. ; and
John II, 307; 312; 317; 357; and Frede.
rick I, 372; and Manuel I, 365 sqq. , 373,
377 sq. ; invade Empire, 383; John III
C. MED. H. VOL. IV.


## p. 946 (#988) ############################################

946
Index
Irene, wife of George Branković, poisoned
by her son, 577; 590
Irene, St, church of, see under Constan-
tinople
Iris, river, 130
'Isa, Abbasid prince, uncle of the Caliph
Mahdi, 123 sq.
'īsà, son of Bāyazid I, at Angora, 682; killed
by Sulaimān, 684
Isaac I Comnenus, Emperor, disgraced by
Theodora, 116; defeated by Turks at
Bayber, 166; revolts against Michael VI,
117, 319 sqq. ; crowned Emperor, 118, 322;
family, 318; character, 322; and Ceru.
larius, 323 sq. ; abdication, 324; 326;
Novel of, 720
Isaac II Angelus, Emperor, arrested by An-
dronicus I, 383; proclaimed Emperor,
384, 414; reign of, 384; vicissitudes of,
417 sqq. , 421, 604; 480; Bulgarians revolt
against, 518 sq. , 529; alliance with Sala-
din, 384, 603; Novels of, 720
Isaac, general of Mahomet I, in Bosnia,
566 sq.
Indus, river, 274; 633; 636; 651
Ineboli, on Black Sea, 660, 668
Ingerina, see Eudocia
Inn, Bavarian river, 212
Innocent II, Pope, and John II, 355
Innocent III, Pope, and Fourth Crusade,
415 sq. , 418, 603 sq. ; on sack of Constan-
tinople, 420; 423; and Bulgaria, 424, 520;
and Henry of Flanders, 426; and Princes
of Achaia, 434, 438; and Theodore I,
483 sq. , 487 note; 480 note; 481 note; 595
sq. ; and Antioch, 173; and Byzantine
Church, 606, 611, 626
Innocent IV, Pope, and Mongol envoys, 493;
and John II], 608; and Tartars, 630;
and Mongol menace, 639
Innocent V, Pope, ultimatum of, to Michael
VIII, 612
Innocent VI, Pope, and Stephen Dušan, 546;
and John V, 617
Institutes of Justinian, commentaries on,
707 sq, 712 sq.
Investiture conflict, compared with Icono-
clastic controversy, 31, 729
Ioannoupolis, new name given to Prêslav,
240
Ionian Islands, become Venetian, 421, 432;
ruled by Leonardo Tocco, 455; become
Turkish, 466; Venetian again, 467; last
relic of Venetian colonies, 472; results of
Latin conquest of, 473; 733; 742
Ionian Sea, 238, 436
Ipek, residence of Serbian Metropolitan, 524;
made seat of Patriarch, 542; 578
Iranian races in South Russia, 184; language,
195
Irāq ('Irāk), 276; 286; 289; 291; Buwai.
hids in, 301; 307; Zangi governor of,
317
'Irāq 'Ajami (Media), 304, 311, 633, 636;
Seljūq dynasty in, 315 sq.
Irene, Chazar princess, wife of Constantine
V, 189
Irene, Empress, reign of, 19 sqq. ; origin and
character, 19; summons Councilat Nicaea,
21; deposes her son and assumes title of
Emperor, 24; deposition, 25; 31; 34 sqq. ;
losses to the Saracens, 124 sqq. ; 246;
Novels of, 710; 757
Irene (Ducas), wife of Alexius I, 326;
crowned, 328; intrigues against her son
John, 346
Irene (Piriska), Hungarian princess, wife of
John II, 355, 363
Irene, wife of Andronicus II, 533
Irene, first wife of John III, 495, 498 sq.
Irene, wife of Andronicus Comnenus, sister-
in-law of Emperor Manuel I, patroness of
scholars, 363
Irene (Angelus), wife of Philip of Swabia,
417
Irene, daughter of Theodore II, portrait of,
514
Irene, daughter of Michael VIII, married to
John Asên III, 529
Isabel of Lusignan, wife of Oshin of Armeno-
Cilicia, 179
Isabella of Austria, wife of Leo the Great of
Armeno-Cilicia, 172
Isabelle of Villebardouin, Princess of Achaia,
"the lady of the Morea,” marriage to
Neapolitan prince, 444; 446; married to
Florent, 447; marries Philip of Savoy,
448; death, 449; 452; 474
Isapostolos, title of the Emperor, 726
Isauria, 170; incorporated with Armeno-
Cilicia, 172; 174 sq. ; 125 note; Isaurian
coast, 123, 340
Isaurian Emperors, Chap. 1; 34; 49; 729;
care for army, 737; and navy, 741 sq. ;
739
Isha, deputy-khagan of the Chazars, 190
Ishmaelites, see Assassins, Ismāʻīli
Īshoʻyath, Nestorian Patriarch in Baghdad,
289
Isidore, abbot of St Demetrius, in favour of
Union, 620; made archbishop of Kiev,
621; Cardinal, 623; 625; 690; at siege
of Constantinople, 695, 698
Isidore, commentator on Justinian, 707
Isidore of Miletus, architect of St Sophia, 752
Iskander (Alexander), see Skanderbeg
Islām, among Chazars, 190, 219; among
Bulgars, 194; influence of Christian
catechisms on, 280; political theory of,
280 sqq. ; toleration under, 286 sqq. ; sects
in, 301; internal dissensions of, 642 sq. ;
consolidation under Seljūgs, 299 sqq. ;
position of Baghdad in, 641; Seljūgs con-
verted to, 644; among Mongols, 640, 646
sq, 651; religion of Timür, 650; Il-Khăn
dynasty and, 644; Slay conversions to,
560, 581, 587; and Bosnian Bogomiles,
582; and Janissaries, 664; and Ottomans,
668; see Chap. x
Ismā'il, uncle of Barkiyārug, 309


## p. 947 (#989) ############################################

Index
947
marries Tsaritsa Maria, 529; killed by
Tartars, 530; 590
Ivan I Crnojević, the Black, Montenegrin
ruler, 586 sq. , 592
Ivan II Crnojević, Montenegrin ruler, 592
Ivanko, Basaraba, Prince of Wallachia, at
battle of Velbužd, 538; 539 sq. ; 593
Ivanko, Bulgarian rebel, 478; slays John
Asên I, 520
Ivats, Bulgarian noble, resistance to Basil
II, 242
Ivats, Bulgarian chamberlain of Michael IV,
244
Iviron, convent of, 90
Izmid, see Nicomedia
Iznīg, see Nicaea
Izyaslav, candidate for the princedom of
Kiev, 368
*Izz-ad-Din, see Kai-Kā'ús; title of Alp
Arslan, 306
Ismā‘ili, Shi'ah doctrine, 276, 292; sect of
(Assassins), 301; Ishmaelites, see Assas-
sins
Isova, Benedictine abbey of, in Greece, 438,
473
Ispahan, captured by Seljūgs, 304; 308
sqq.
Ispanok, Magyar official, 215
Isparich (Asparuch), Bulgarian khan mi-
grates to Bessarabia, 230; and Justinian
II, 231
Israelites, 303
Isrā'il, former name of Alp Arslan, q. v.
Isrā'il, son of Seljūq, 303 sq.
Isthmus of Corinth, wall built across, 460,
462, 690; see Hexamilion
Istria, ceded to the Franks, 24, 36; Slavonic
liturgy in, 229; 386; separated from
Venice, 387, 389; taken by Charlemagne,
393 sq. ; retumed to Byzantium, 395;
398; and Venice, 401, 403, 406, 578; 768;
marquess of, see Gunter
Italian, Italians, captains at Armenian court,
172; in Byzantine army, 347, 738; in
Empire, 736, 773; in Constantinople, 701
sqq. , 746, 750; trade with Constantinople,
762; with Salonica, 770; with Bulgaria,
523; volunteers against Turks, 675 sq. ,
691 ; bankers in Greece, 473; Italians in
Bosnia, 517, 566; Italian marriage of
Stephen of Serbia, 521; wife of Andro-
nicus II, 533; favourite of John III,
495 sq. ; literature at court of Manuel I,
362; revision of Prochiron, 717, 725
Italus, John, “Consul of the Philosophers,”
teaching of condemned, 350; 764
Italy, taxation in, 4; anti-Iconoclast ris-
ings, 9 sq. , 388, 390; lost to Eastern Em.
pire, 5, 18, 22, 25, 36, 273, 328 sqq. ; Leo
IV and, 19; 16 sq. ; 69; Nicephorus II
and, 76 sq. , 145; 80 sq. ; 86; Basil II and,
91 sq. , 94; Constantine VIII and, 97; 103;
108; 141; 147; 246; 250; John II and,
358, 360; Manuel I and, 368 sqq. , 374, 412
sq. ; 456; 463 sq. ; 595 sq. ; 598; 601; 608;
John V in, 618; Manuel II in, 618; 619;
John VIII in, 621, 690; 624; themes in,
733 sq. , 736; exarchate of, created, 732;
decay of Byzantine rule in, 387, 389, 597;
influence of Byzantine law in, 724 sq. ; of
Byzantium on, 776 sq. ; Byzantine Church
in, 112 sq. , 259, 263; monks in, 253, 258,
737; Saracens in, 37, 139, 142, 144, 149,
151, 260; Magyar raids in, 211 sq. ; Lom-
bards in, 9 sq. ; 17 sq. , 22, 386; Charle-
magne in, 18, 392 sq. ; kings of, and Venice,
400 sq. ; Conrad II in, 407; 456; 463 sq. ;
466; Normans in, 92, 112, 266, 268, 325,
328 sqq. ; slaves from, 286; 333; 337; 341;
343 sq. ; 352 sq. ; 499, 504; 508; 624;
Turkish designs on, 570, 578; Chaps. V,
XIII passim
Itil (Atel), capital of the Chazars, 190 sqq. ;
river, see Volga
Ivailo, the Swineherd, Tsar of Bulgaria, 528;
Jabal Hamrin, Mongol defeat at, 636
Jacobites, Syrian Christians, 123, 290; J&-
cobite bishop, 289; and Union of Florence,
623
Jacques D'Avesnes, occupies Euboea, 435
Jacques de Baux, nephew of Philip II of
Taranto, and Achaia, 456; 474; 476
Jaffa, Venetians at, 411
Jagatai, son of Jenghiz Khan, Mongol ruler
of Transoxiana, 279; 633; share of his
father's dominions, 635, 640; 641; 645;
descendants of, 650
Jāḥiz, Arab theologian and author, 294
Jajce, in Bosnia, 566; Stephen Tomašević
crowned at, 578; taken by Turks, 580;
Hungarian banat of, 581
Jalāl-ad-Din, Shāb of Khwārazm, over-
thrown by Mongols, 312, 515, 633; 636
Jalāl-ad-Din, title of Malik Shāh, 307
Jamal-ad-Dīn, Persian astronomer, and Ku.
blai Khan, 646
James I, King of Cyprus, hostage at Genoa,
470; 477
James II, King of Cyprus, regains Fama-
gosta, 466, 471; 477
James III, King of Cyprus, death of, 467,
471; 477
James II, King of Aragon, 496
James II, King of Majorca, 452
Jamnia, schools of, 629
Jand on the Jaxartes, 313
Janissaries, formation of, by Orkhān, 663
sq. ; at Nicopolis, 676; at Angora, 682;
desert Sulaimān, 685; desert Mūsa, 686;
689; 692; at Kossovo, 693; at siege of
Constantinople, 696, 702 sq. ; and Ma-
homet II, 705
Janjići, chief seat of the Bosnian Bogomiles,
545
Jantra, river at Trnovo, 523
Janus, King of Cyprus, misfortunes of, 470;
477
Japan, Mongol expedition to, 646
Japhet, supposed ancestor of Mongols, 632
6042


## p. 948 (#990) ############################################

948
Index
629;
Jaquinta, widow of Constantine Bodin of
Serbia, 356
Java, Mongol expedition to, 646
Jaxartes, river, 313; 650
Jele, see Jila
Jenghiz Khan, early history of, 632; 627;
631; conquests of, 279, 633; death and
burial, 634 sq. ; administration, 634; divi.
sion of Empire, 635; 636; 638; 641;
worshipped in China, 646; army of, 647;
648 sqq. ; 653 sqq.
Jerusalem, 148; 175; taken by Crusaders,
335, 338 sqq. ; Seljūgs in, 277; Egyptians
in, 316; conquered by Saladin, 278, 361;
410; 416; kingdom of, 422; and Cyprus,
469, 477; “Assises of,” 437; Serbian
foundations at, 535; 599; 643; saved
from Timūr, 680; kings of, see Amaury,
Baldwin, Fulk, Godfrey, Guy, John of
Brienne; Patriarch of, 173, 264, see Eu-
thymius; church of the Holy Sepulchre
at, 98, 100, 598 sq. ; church of the Theo.
tokos at, 768
Jesolo, bishopric of, 387 sq. ; jealousy of
Heraclea, 390 sq. ; 392; devastated by
Magyars, 400; see Cavazuccherina
Jews, their hostility to images, 7; Leo III's
edict against, 7; driven from Constanti.
nople, 109; massacred at Zapetra, 129;
153; communities in Caucasus and Cri-
mea, 190; disputation with St Cyril, 219
sq. ; Islām and, 286 sqq. ; Jewish Arabic
works, 290; Jewish law, 292; trade in
the East, 405; in Thebes, 440; Jewish
rulers in the Cyclades, 468, 472; in Crete,
472; Jewish wife of John Alexander of
Bulgaria, 548; 554; Jewish archbishop of
Bulgaria, 243; see Judaism
Jiblab (Byblus), 146; captured by John I,
148
Jīhād, Muslim holy war, 282; demanded
by Arabs against John I, 147; against
Mongols, 636
Jila (Jele), Magyar title, 196
Jizyah, poll tax paid by non-Muslims, 287
Joakim, bishop of Brūsa, made Armenian
Patriarch by Mahomet II, 182
Joan of Anjou, wife of Oshin of Armeno.
Cilicia, 179
Joanna I, Queen of Naples, and Achaia, 456;
474; 476
Joannicius, son of John I of Trebizond,
515
Joannina, bishopric of, 243; taken by Nor-
mans, 329; by Buondelmonti, 457; cap-
tured by Turks, 461, 690; 462; held by
Serbians, 543, 552 sq.
Job, see Ayyūb
Johannicius the Saracen, betrays Basil the
Bird, 68
Johannitius, see Hunain ibn Isḥāg
Johannitsa, see Kalojan
John I Tzimisces, Emperor, 68, 71, 75;
early life, 78; murders Nicephorus II and
becomes Emperor, 77; 79; crowned by
Patriarch, 80; his reign, 81 sqq. ; 84, 87
note; in the East, 72, 143 sq. , 147 sq. ;
and Armenia, 161; and Bulgaria, 239 sq. ;
259; Novels of, 715; relations with Rome,
260; 401; and Venice, 402; 403; 739
John II Comnenus, Emperor, birth, 328;
332; coronation and accession, 346; and
coinage, 348; character, 351; foreign
policy, 352; and Seljūgs, 353, 357; and
Venetians, 354, 411; and Hungarians,
355; and Serbs, 356; and Armeno-Cilicia,
169, 358; Cilician campaign, 359 sq. ;
death, 361, 170; and Papacy, 596, 600;
Novels of, 720; and Canon Law, 723
John III Ducas Vatatzes, Emperor at Nicaea,
accession of, 427, 486; successes, 428 sq. ,
440; reign of, 487 sqq. ; and Bulgaria,
489, 523; and Thessalonica, 490 sqq. ;
conquers Macedonia, 492; and Michael of
Epirus, 494; second marriage, 495; eccle.
siastical policy, 497 sq. , 596, 607 sq. ; ad-
ministration, 498 sq. ; and Michael Palaeo-
logus, 503 sq. ; and Genoese, 510; 515 sq.