Ever your
affectionate
_
T.
T.
Thomas Carlyle
Perhaps, one of these days, a great
Yankee shall come, who will easily do the unknown
deed.
The booksellers have sent me accounts lately,
but -- I know not why -- no money. Little and
Brown from January to July had sold very few
books. I inquired of them concerning the bill of
exchange on Fraser's Estate, which you mention,
and they said it had not been returned to them, but
only some information, as I think, demanded by
Fraser's administrator, which they had sent, and,
as they heard nothing again, they suppose that it
is allowed and paid to you. Inform me on this
matter.
Munroe & Co. allow some credits, but charge
more debits for binding, &c. , and also allege few
sales in the hard times. I have got a good friend
of yours, a banking man, to promise that he will
1'
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? 16 Carlyle to Emerson.
sift all the account and see if the booksellers have
kept their promises. But I have never yet got all
the papers in readiness for him. I am looking to
see if I have matter for new lectures, having left
behind me last spring some half-promises in New
York. If you can remember it, tell me who writes
about Loyola and Xavier in the Edinburgh. Ster-
lingds papers--if he is near you--are all in Mr.
Russell's hands} I played my part of Fadladeen
with great rigor, and sent my results to Russell,
but have not now written to J. S.
Yours,
R. W. E.
LXXX.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, Lorrnon, 17 November, 1842.
"MY DEAR Emsnson,--Your Letter finds me here
to-day; busied with many things, but not likely to
be soon more at leisure; wherefore I may as well
give myself the pleasure of answering it on the
spot. The Fraser Bill by Brown and Little has
come all right; the Dumfries Banker apprises me
1 Mr. A. L. Russell, who had been instrumental in procuring
the American edition of Sterling's Poetical Works.
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? Carlyle to Emerson. 1 7
lately that he has got the cash into his hands.
Pray do not pester yourself with these Bookseller
unintelligibilities: I suppose their accounts are
all reasonably correct, the cheating, such as it is,
done according to rule: what signifies it at any
rate? I am no longer in any vital want of money;
alas, the want that presses far heavier on me is a
want of faculty, a want of sense; and the feeling
of that renders one comparatively very indifferent
to money! I reflect many times that the wealth
of the Indies, the fame of ten Shakespeares or ten
Mahomets, would at bottom do me no good at all.
Let us leave these poor slaves of the Ingot and
slaves of the Lamp to their own courses,-within
a certain extent of halter!
What you say of Alcott seems to me altogether
just. He is a man who has got into the Highest in-
tellectual region, -- if that be the Highest (though
in that too there are many stages) wherein a man
can believe and discern for himself, without need
of help from any other, and even in opposition to
all others : but I consider him entirely unlikely to
accomplish anything considerable, except some
kind of crabbed, semi-perverse, though still man-
ful existence of his own; which indeed is no des-
picable thing. His " more than prophetic egoism,"
vo1. . II. 2
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? I8 Carlyle to Emerson.
---alas, yes! It is of such material that Thebaid
Eremites, Sect-founders, and all manner of cross-
grained fanatical monstrosities have fashioned
themselves,--in very high, and in the highest
regions, for that matter. Sect-founders withal are
a class I do not like. No truly great man, from
Jesus Christ downwards, as I often say, ever
founded a Sect,-- I mean wilfully intended found-
ing one. What a view must a man have of this
Universe, who thinks " he can swallow it all," who
is not doubly and trebly happy that he can keep it
from swallowing him ! On the whole, I sometimes
hope we have now done with Fanatics and Ago-
nistic Posture-makers in this poor world: it will
be an immense improvement on the Past; and the
"New Ideas," as Alcott calls them, will prosper
greatly the better on that account! The old
gloomy Gothic Cathedrals were good; but the
great blue Dome that hangs over all is better than
any Cologne one. --On the whole, do not tell the
good Alcott a word of all this; but let him love
me as he can, and live on vegetables in peace;
as I, living partly on vegetables, will continue to
love him! '
The best thing Alcott did while he staid among
us was to circulate some copies of your Man the
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? Carlyle to Emerson. 19
Reformer. 1 I did not get a copy; I applied for one,
so soon as I knew the right fountain; but Alcott,
I think, was already gone. And now mark,--for
this I think is a novelty, if you do not already
know it: Certain Radicals have reprinted your
Essay in Lancashire, and it is freely circulating
there, and here, as a cheap pamphlet, with excel-
lent acceptance so far as I discern. Various News-
paper reviews of it have come athwart me: all
favorable, but all too shallow for sending to you.
I myself consider it a truly excellent utterance;
one of the best words you have ever spoken.
Speak many more such. And whosoever will dis-
tort them into any "vegetable" or other crotchet,
--let it be at his own peril ; for the word itself is
true; and will have to make itself a fact there-
fore ; though not a distracted abortive fact, I hope !
Words of that kind are not born into Facts in the
seventh month ; well if they see the light full-grown
(they and their adjuncts) in the second century;
for old Time is a most deliberate breeder! -- But to
speak without figure, I have been very much de-
lighted with the clearness, simplicity, quiet energy
and veracity of this discourse; and also with the
1 "A Lecture read before the Mechanics' Apprentices' Library
Association, Boston, January 25, 1841. "
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? 20 Carlyle to Emerson.
fact of its spontaneous appearance here among us.
The prime mover of the Printing, I find, is one
Thomas Ballantyne, editor of a Manchester News-
paper, a very good, cheery little fellow, once a Pais-
ley weaver as he informs me, -- a great admirer of
all worthy things.
My paper is so fast failing, let me tell you of
the writer on Loyola. He is a James Stephen,
Head Under-Secretary of the Colonial Oflice,---
that is to say, I believe, real governor of the
British Colonies, so far as they have any govern-
ing. He is of Wilberforce's creed, of Wilberforce's
kin; a man past middle age, yet still in full vigor ;
reckoned an enormous fellow _for "despatch of
business," &c. , especially by Taylor (van Arte-
velde) and'others who are with him or under him
in Downing Street. . . . , I regard the man as
standing on the confines of Genius and Dilettant-
ism,--a man of many really good qualities, and
excellent at the despatch of business. There we
will leave him. -- A Mrs. Lee of Brookline near you
has made a pleasant Book about Jean Paul, chiefly
by excerpting} I am sorry to find Giinderode &
1 " Life of Jean Paul Frederic Richter. Compiled from various
Sources. Together with his Autobiography. Translated from the
German. " In Two Volumes. Boston, 1842. This book, which is
\
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? Carlyle to Emerson. 2 I
? '-----v--r---- ,
Co. a decided weariness! 1 -- Cromwell -- Crom-
well? Do not mention such a word, if you love
me! And yet-- Farewell, my Friend, to-night!
Yours ever,
T. CARLYLE.
I will apprise Sterling before long: he is at
Falmouth, and well; urging me much to start a
Periodical here!
Gambardella promises to become a real Painter;
there is a glow of real fire in the wild southern
man: next to no articulate intellect or the like,
but of inarticulate much, or I mistake. He has
tried to paint me for you ; but cannot, he says!
LXXXI.
CARLYLE T0 EMERSON.
Crmnsna, LONDON, 11 March, 1843.
DEAR EMERSON, --1 know not whose turn it is to
write; though a suspicion has long attended me
one of the best in English concerning Jean Paul, was the work of
the late Mrs. Thomas (Eliza Buckminster) Lee.
1 In the Dial, for January, 1842, is an article by Miss Fuller on
" Bettine Brentano and Giinderode," -- a decided weariness. The
Canoness Giinderode was a friend of Bettine's, older and not much
wiser than herself.
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? 22 Carlyle to Emerson.
that it was yours, and above all an indisputable
wish that you would do it: but this present is a
cursory line, all on business,-- and as usual all on
business of my own.
I have finished a Book, and just set the Printer
to it; one solid volume (rather bigger than one of
the French Revolution Volumes, as I compute); it
is a somewhat fiery and questionable "Tract for
the Times," not by a Puseyite, which the terrible
aspect of things here has forced from me,-- I
know not whether as preliminary to Oliver or not;
but it had gradually grown to be the preliminary
of anything possible for me: so there it is writ-
ten; and I am a very sick, but withal a compara-
tively very free man. The Title of the thing is to
be Past and Present: it is divided into Four Books,
" Book I. Proem," " Book II. The Ancient Monk,"
"Book III. The Modern Worker," and "Book
IV. Horoscope " (or some such thing) :--the size
of it I guessed at above.
The practical business, accordingly, is: How to
cut out that New York scoundrel, who fancies that
because there is no gallows it is permitted to steal?
I have a distinct desire to do that; -- altogether
apart from the money to be gained thereby. A
friend's goodness ought not to be frustrated by a
'n
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? Carlyle lo Emerson. 2 3
F""""""
scoundrel destitute of gallows. -- You told me long
since how to do the operation ; and here, according
to the best way I had of fitting your scheme into
my materials, is my way of attempting it.
The Book will not be out here for six good weeks
from this date ; it could be kept back for a week or
two longer, if that were indispensable: but I hope
it may not. In three weeks, half of it will be
printed; I, in the meanwhile, get a correct manu-
script Copy of the latter half made ready: joining
the printed sheets and this manuscript, your Book-
seller will have a three weeks' start of any rival,
if I instantly despatch the Parcel to him. Will
this do? this with the announcement of the Title
as given above? Pray write to me straightway,
and say. Your answer will be here before we can
publish; and the Packet of Proof-sheets and Man-
uscript may go off whether there be word from
you or none. --And so enough of Past and Pres-
ent. And indeed enough of all things, for my
haste is excessive in these hours.
The last Dial came to me about three weeks ago
as a Post-Letter, charged something like a guinea
of postage, if I remember ; so it had to be rejected,
and I have not yet seen that Number; but will when
my leeway is once brought up a little again. The
two preceding Numbers Were, to a marked extent,
I
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? 24 Uarlrjle to Emerson.
more like life than anything I had seen before of
the Dial. There was not indeed anything, except
the Emersonian Papers alone, which I know by the
first ring of them on the tympanum of the mind,
that I properly speaking liked; but t-here was much
that I did not dislike, and did half like; and I say,
" I fausto pede ; that will decidedly do better! "--
By the bye, it were as well if you kept rather a strict
outlook on Alcott and his English Tail,--I mean
so far as we here have any business with it. Bot-
tomless imbeciles ought not to be seen in company
with Ralph Waldo Emerson, who has already men lis-
tening to him on this side of the water. The" Tail l'
has an individual or two of that genus, --and the
rest is mainly yet undecided. For example, I knew
old ----- myself; and can testify, if you will be-
lieve me, that few greater blockheads (if " block-
head " may mean " exasperated imbecile " and the
ninth part of a thinker) broke the world's bread in
his day. Have a care of such! I say always to
myself,-- and to you, which you forgive me.
Adieu, my dear Emerson. May a good Genius
guide you; for you are alone, alone; and have a
steep pilgrimage to make,--1eading high, if you
do not slip or stumble !
Ever your affectionate _
T. CARLYLE.
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? I
i
ll
I
' CHELSEA, 1 April, 1843.
MY DEAR EMERSON, -- Along with this Letter
there will go from Liverpool, on the 4th instant, the
promised Parcel, complete Copy of the Book called
Past and Present, of which you already had two
simultaneous announcements} The name of the
Steam Packet, I understand, is the " Britannia'?
I have addressed the Parcel to the care of " Messrs.
Little and Brown, Booksellers, Boston," with your
name atop : I calculate it will arrive safe enoilgh.
About one hundred pages of the Manuscript Copy
have proved superfluous, the text being there also
in a printed shape; I had misestimated the Print-
er's velocity; I was anxious too that there should
be no failure as to time. The Manuscript is very
indifferent in that section of it; the damage there-
fore is smaller: your press-corrector can acquaint
himself with the hand, &c. by means of it. ' A poor
young governess, confined to a horizontal posture,
and many sad thoughts, by a disease of the spine,
1 The letter making the second announcement, being very similar
to the preceding, is omitted.
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? 26 Carlyle to Emerson. '
was our artist in that part of the business: her
writing is none of the distinctest; but it was a
work of Charity to give it her. I hope the thing is
all as correct as I could make it. I do not bethink
me of anything farther I have to add in the way of
explanation.
In fact, my prophecy rather is at present that
-----, the gibbetless thief at New York, will beat us
after all! Never mind if he do. To say truth, I
myself shall almost be glad: there has been a
botheration in this anxious arrangement of parts:
correcting of scrawly manuscript copies of what
you never wished to read more, and insane terror
withal. of having your own Manuscript burnt or
lost,-- that has exceeded my computation. Not to
speak of this trouble in which I involve you, my
Friend; which, I truly declare, makes me ashamed!
True one is bound to resist the Devil in all shapes ;
if a man come to steal from you, you will put on
what locks and padlocks are at hand, and not on
the whole say, " Steal, then! " But if the locks
prove insuflicient, and the thief do break through,
--that side of the alternative also will suit you
very well ; and, with perhaps a faint prayer for gib-
bets when they are necessary, you will say to him,
next time, " Macte virtute, my man! "
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? Emerson to Carlyle. 27
All is in a whirl with me here to-day; no other
topic but this very poor one can be entered upon. --
I hope for a letter from your own hand soon, and
some news about still more interesting matters.
Adieu, my Friend; I feel still as if, in several
senses, you stood alone with me under the sky at
present! 1
LXXXIII.
EMERSON TO CARLYLE.
Conoonn, 29 April, 1843.
MY DEAR GARLYLE,-- It is a pleasure to set your
name once more at the head of a sheet. It signi-
fies how much gladness, how much wealth of being,
that the good, wise, man-cheering, man-helping
friend, though unseen, lives there yonder, just out
of sight. Your star burns there just below our
eastern horizon, and fills the lower and upper air
with splendid and splendescent auroras. By some
refraction which new lenses or else steamships
shall operate, shall I not yet one day see again the
disk of benign Phosphorus? It is a solid joy to
me, that whilst you work for all, you work for me
1 The signature to this letter has been cut off.
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? 28 Emerson to Carlyle.
-.
~_-
\-
and with me, -even if I have little to write, and
seldom write your name.
Since I last wrote to you, I found it needful, if
only for the household's sake, to set some new lec-
tures in order, and go to new congregations of men.
I live so much alone, shrinking almost cowardly
from the contact of worldly and public men, that I
need more than others to quit home sometimes,
and roll with the river of travellers, and live in ho-
tels. I went to Baltimore, where I had an invita-
tion, and read two lectures on New England. On
my return, I stopped at Philadelphia, and, my
Course being now grown to four lectures, read
them there. At New York, my snowball was
larger, and I read five lectures on New England.
1. Religion; 2. Trade; 3. Genius, Manners and
Customs; 4. Recent literary and spiritual influ-
ences from abroad; 5. Domestic spiritual history.
--Perhaps I have not quite done with them yet,
but may make them the block of a new and some-
what larger structure for Boston, next winter.
The newspaper reports of them in New York were
such offensive misstatements, that I could not send
you, as I wished, a sketch. Between my two
speeches at Baltimore, I went to Washington,
thirty-seven miles, and spent four days. The two
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? Emerson to Carlyle. 29
poles of an enormous political battery, galvanic
coil on coil, self-increased by series on series of
plates from Mexico to Canada, and from the sea
westward to the Rocky Mountains, here meet and
play, and make the air electric and violent. Yet
one feels how little, more than how much, man
is represented there. I think, in the higher soci-
eties of the Universe, it will turn out that the
angels are molecules, as the devils were always
Titans, since the dulness of the world needs such
mountainous demonstration, and the virtue is so
modest and concentrating.
But I must not delay to acknowledge the arrival
of your Book. It came ten or eleven days ago, in
the "Britannia," with the three letters of different
dates announcing it. --I have read the superfluous
hundred pages of manuscript, and find it only too
popular. Beside its abundance of brilliant points
and proverbs, there is a deep, steady tide taking
in, either by hope or by fear, all the great classes
of society,--and the philosophic minority also, by
the powerful lights which are shed on the phenom-
enon. It is true contemporary history, which other
books are not, and you have fairly set solid London
city aloft, afloat in bright mirage in the air. I
quarrel only with the popular assumption, which is
sin--D
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? 30 Emerson to Carlyle.
perhaps a condition of the Humor itself, that the
state of society is a new state, and was not the
same thing in the days of Rabelais and of Aris-
tophanes, as of Carlyle. Orators always allow
something to masses, out of love to their own
art, whilst austere philosophy will only know the
particles. This were of no importance, if the his-
torian did not so come to mix himself in some
manner with his erring and grieving nations, and
so saddens the picture; for health is always pri-
vate and original, and its essence is in its un-
mixableness. -- But this Book, with all its affluence
of wit, of insight, and of daring hints, is born for
a longevity which I will not now compute. --In
one respect, as I hinted above, it is only too good,
so sure of success, I mean, that you are no longer
secure of any respect to your property in our free-
booting America.
You must know that the cheap press has, within
a few months, made a total change in our book
markets. Every English book of any name or
credit is instantly converted into a newspaper or
coarse pamphlet, and hawked by a hundred boys
in the streets of all of our cities for 25, 18, or 12
cents; Dickens's Notes for 12 cents, Blaclcwood's
Magazine for 18 cents, and so on. Three or four
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? Emerson to Carlyle. 31
great New York and Philadelphia printing-houses
do this work, with hot competition. One prints Bul-
wer's novel yesterday, for 35 cents ; and already, in
twenty-four hours, another has a coarser edition of
it for 18 cents, in all thoroughfares. -- What to do
with my sealed parcel of manuscripts and proofs?
No bookseller would in these perilous circumstances
offer a dollar for my precious parcel. I inquired
of the lawyers whether I could not by a copyright
protect my edition from piracy until an English
copy arrived, and so secure a sale of a few weeks.
They said, no; yet advised the taking a certificate
of copyright, that we might try the case if we
wished. After much consulting and balancing for
a few hours, I decided to print,- as heretofore, on
our own account, an edition, but cheap, to make
the temptation less, to retail at seventy-five cents.
I print fifteen hundred copies, and announce to the
public that it is your edition, and all good men
must buy this. I have written to the great Re-
printers, namely to Park Benjamin, and to the
Harpers, of New York, to request their forbear-
ance; and have engaged Little and Brown to
publish, because, I think, they have something more
of weight with Booksellers, and are a little less
likely to be invaded than Munroe. If we sell a
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? 32 Emerson to Carlyle.
thousand copies at seventy-five cents, it will only
yield you about two hundred dollars; if we should
be invaded, we can then afford to sell the other
five hundred copies at twenty-five cents, without
loss. In thus doing, I involve you in some risk;
but it was the best course that occurred. --Hith-
erto, the Miscellanies have not been reprinted in
the cheap forms; and in the last year, -Iames
Munroe & Co. have sold few copies; all books but
the cheapest being unsold in the hard times; some-
thing has however accrued to your credit there.
J. M. & Co. fear that, if the new book is pirated
at New York and the pirate prospers, instantly the
. Miscellanies will be plundered. We will hope bet-
ter, or at least exult in that which remains, to wit,
a Worth unplunderable, yet infinitely communicable.
I have hardly space left to say what I would
concerning the Dial. I heartily hoped I had
done with it, when lately our poor, good, . . . .
publishing Miss Peabody, . . . . wrote me that its
subscription would not pay its expenses (we all
writing for love). But certain friends are very
unwilling it should die, and I a little unwilling,
though very unwilling to be the life of it, as editor.
And now that you are safely through your book,
and before the greater Sequel rushes to its conclu-
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? Emerson to Carlyle. 33
sion, send me, I pray you, that short chapter which
hovers yet in the limbo of contingency, in solid
letters and points. Let it be, if that is readiest, a
criticism on the Dial, and this too Elysian race,
not blood, and yet not ichor. --Let Jane Carlyle be
on my part, and, watchful of his hours, urge the
poet in the golden one. I think to send you a du-
plicate of the last number of the Dial by Mr. Mann,1
who with his bride (sister of the above-mentioned
Miss Peabody) is going to London and so to Prus-
sia. He is little known to me, but greatly valued
as a philanthropist in this State. I must go to
work a little more methodically this summer, and
let something grow to a tree in my wide straggling
shrubbery. With your letters came a letter from
Sterling, who was too noble to allude to his books
and manuscript sent hither, and which Russell all
this time has delayed to print; I know not why,
but discouraged, I suppose, in these times by book-
sellers. I must know precisely, and write presently
to J. S.
Farewell.
R. W. EMERsoN?
1 The late Horace Mann.
2 The following passages from Emerson's Diary relating to
Past and Present seem to have been written a few days after the
preceding letter :--
" How many things this book of Carlyle gives us to think l It
vo1. . 11. 3
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? 34 Oarlyle to Emerson.
LXXXIV.
CARLYLE T0 EMERSON.
Yankee shall come, who will easily do the unknown
deed.
The booksellers have sent me accounts lately,
but -- I know not why -- no money. Little and
Brown from January to July had sold very few
books. I inquired of them concerning the bill of
exchange on Fraser's Estate, which you mention,
and they said it had not been returned to them, but
only some information, as I think, demanded by
Fraser's administrator, which they had sent, and,
as they heard nothing again, they suppose that it
is allowed and paid to you. Inform me on this
matter.
Munroe & Co. allow some credits, but charge
more debits for binding, &c. , and also allege few
sales in the hard times. I have got a good friend
of yours, a banking man, to promise that he will
1'
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? 16 Carlyle to Emerson.
sift all the account and see if the booksellers have
kept their promises. But I have never yet got all
the papers in readiness for him. I am looking to
see if I have matter for new lectures, having left
behind me last spring some half-promises in New
York. If you can remember it, tell me who writes
about Loyola and Xavier in the Edinburgh. Ster-
lingds papers--if he is near you--are all in Mr.
Russell's hands} I played my part of Fadladeen
with great rigor, and sent my results to Russell,
but have not now written to J. S.
Yours,
R. W. E.
LXXX.
CARLYLE TO EMERSON.
CHELSEA, Lorrnon, 17 November, 1842.
"MY DEAR Emsnson,--Your Letter finds me here
to-day; busied with many things, but not likely to
be soon more at leisure; wherefore I may as well
give myself the pleasure of answering it on the
spot. The Fraser Bill by Brown and Little has
come all right; the Dumfries Banker apprises me
1 Mr. A. L. Russell, who had been instrumental in procuring
the American edition of Sterling's Poetical Works.
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? Carlyle to Emerson. 1 7
lately that he has got the cash into his hands.
Pray do not pester yourself with these Bookseller
unintelligibilities: I suppose their accounts are
all reasonably correct, the cheating, such as it is,
done according to rule: what signifies it at any
rate? I am no longer in any vital want of money;
alas, the want that presses far heavier on me is a
want of faculty, a want of sense; and the feeling
of that renders one comparatively very indifferent
to money! I reflect many times that the wealth
of the Indies, the fame of ten Shakespeares or ten
Mahomets, would at bottom do me no good at all.
Let us leave these poor slaves of the Ingot and
slaves of the Lamp to their own courses,-within
a certain extent of halter!
What you say of Alcott seems to me altogether
just. He is a man who has got into the Highest in-
tellectual region, -- if that be the Highest (though
in that too there are many stages) wherein a man
can believe and discern for himself, without need
of help from any other, and even in opposition to
all others : but I consider him entirely unlikely to
accomplish anything considerable, except some
kind of crabbed, semi-perverse, though still man-
ful existence of his own; which indeed is no des-
picable thing. His " more than prophetic egoism,"
vo1. . II. 2
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? I8 Carlyle to Emerson.
---alas, yes! It is of such material that Thebaid
Eremites, Sect-founders, and all manner of cross-
grained fanatical monstrosities have fashioned
themselves,--in very high, and in the highest
regions, for that matter. Sect-founders withal are
a class I do not like. No truly great man, from
Jesus Christ downwards, as I often say, ever
founded a Sect,-- I mean wilfully intended found-
ing one. What a view must a man have of this
Universe, who thinks " he can swallow it all," who
is not doubly and trebly happy that he can keep it
from swallowing him ! On the whole, I sometimes
hope we have now done with Fanatics and Ago-
nistic Posture-makers in this poor world: it will
be an immense improvement on the Past; and the
"New Ideas," as Alcott calls them, will prosper
greatly the better on that account! The old
gloomy Gothic Cathedrals were good; but the
great blue Dome that hangs over all is better than
any Cologne one. --On the whole, do not tell the
good Alcott a word of all this; but let him love
me as he can, and live on vegetables in peace;
as I, living partly on vegetables, will continue to
love him! '
The best thing Alcott did while he staid among
us was to circulate some copies of your Man the
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? Carlyle to Emerson. 19
Reformer. 1 I did not get a copy; I applied for one,
so soon as I knew the right fountain; but Alcott,
I think, was already gone. And now mark,--for
this I think is a novelty, if you do not already
know it: Certain Radicals have reprinted your
Essay in Lancashire, and it is freely circulating
there, and here, as a cheap pamphlet, with excel-
lent acceptance so far as I discern. Various News-
paper reviews of it have come athwart me: all
favorable, but all too shallow for sending to you.
I myself consider it a truly excellent utterance;
one of the best words you have ever spoken.
Speak many more such. And whosoever will dis-
tort them into any "vegetable" or other crotchet,
--let it be at his own peril ; for the word itself is
true; and will have to make itself a fact there-
fore ; though not a distracted abortive fact, I hope !
Words of that kind are not born into Facts in the
seventh month ; well if they see the light full-grown
(they and their adjuncts) in the second century;
for old Time is a most deliberate breeder! -- But to
speak without figure, I have been very much de-
lighted with the clearness, simplicity, quiet energy
and veracity of this discourse; and also with the
1 "A Lecture read before the Mechanics' Apprentices' Library
Association, Boston, January 25, 1841. "
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? 20 Carlyle to Emerson.
fact of its spontaneous appearance here among us.
The prime mover of the Printing, I find, is one
Thomas Ballantyne, editor of a Manchester News-
paper, a very good, cheery little fellow, once a Pais-
ley weaver as he informs me, -- a great admirer of
all worthy things.
My paper is so fast failing, let me tell you of
the writer on Loyola. He is a James Stephen,
Head Under-Secretary of the Colonial Oflice,---
that is to say, I believe, real governor of the
British Colonies, so far as they have any govern-
ing. He is of Wilberforce's creed, of Wilberforce's
kin; a man past middle age, yet still in full vigor ;
reckoned an enormous fellow _for "despatch of
business," &c. , especially by Taylor (van Arte-
velde) and'others who are with him or under him
in Downing Street. . . . , I regard the man as
standing on the confines of Genius and Dilettant-
ism,--a man of many really good qualities, and
excellent at the despatch of business. There we
will leave him. -- A Mrs. Lee of Brookline near you
has made a pleasant Book about Jean Paul, chiefly
by excerpting} I am sorry to find Giinderode &
1 " Life of Jean Paul Frederic Richter. Compiled from various
Sources. Together with his Autobiography. Translated from the
German. " In Two Volumes. Boston, 1842. This book, which is
\
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? Carlyle to Emerson. 2 I
? '-----v--r---- ,
Co. a decided weariness! 1 -- Cromwell -- Crom-
well? Do not mention such a word, if you love
me! And yet-- Farewell, my Friend, to-night!
Yours ever,
T. CARLYLE.
I will apprise Sterling before long: he is at
Falmouth, and well; urging me much to start a
Periodical here!
Gambardella promises to become a real Painter;
there is a glow of real fire in the wild southern
man: next to no articulate intellect or the like,
but of inarticulate much, or I mistake. He has
tried to paint me for you ; but cannot, he says!
LXXXI.
CARLYLE T0 EMERSON.
Crmnsna, LONDON, 11 March, 1843.
DEAR EMERSON, --1 know not whose turn it is to
write; though a suspicion has long attended me
one of the best in English concerning Jean Paul, was the work of
the late Mrs. Thomas (Eliza Buckminster) Lee.
1 In the Dial, for January, 1842, is an article by Miss Fuller on
" Bettine Brentano and Giinderode," -- a decided weariness. The
Canoness Giinderode was a friend of Bettine's, older and not much
wiser than herself.
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? 22 Carlyle to Emerson.
that it was yours, and above all an indisputable
wish that you would do it: but this present is a
cursory line, all on business,-- and as usual all on
business of my own.
I have finished a Book, and just set the Printer
to it; one solid volume (rather bigger than one of
the French Revolution Volumes, as I compute); it
is a somewhat fiery and questionable "Tract for
the Times," not by a Puseyite, which the terrible
aspect of things here has forced from me,-- I
know not whether as preliminary to Oliver or not;
but it had gradually grown to be the preliminary
of anything possible for me: so there it is writ-
ten; and I am a very sick, but withal a compara-
tively very free man. The Title of the thing is to
be Past and Present: it is divided into Four Books,
" Book I. Proem," " Book II. The Ancient Monk,"
"Book III. The Modern Worker," and "Book
IV. Horoscope " (or some such thing) :--the size
of it I guessed at above.
The practical business, accordingly, is: How to
cut out that New York scoundrel, who fancies that
because there is no gallows it is permitted to steal?
I have a distinct desire to do that; -- altogether
apart from the money to be gained thereby. A
friend's goodness ought not to be frustrated by a
'n
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? Carlyle lo Emerson. 2 3
F""""""
scoundrel destitute of gallows. -- You told me long
since how to do the operation ; and here, according
to the best way I had of fitting your scheme into
my materials, is my way of attempting it.
The Book will not be out here for six good weeks
from this date ; it could be kept back for a week or
two longer, if that were indispensable: but I hope
it may not. In three weeks, half of it will be
printed; I, in the meanwhile, get a correct manu-
script Copy of the latter half made ready: joining
the printed sheets and this manuscript, your Book-
seller will have a three weeks' start of any rival,
if I instantly despatch the Parcel to him. Will
this do? this with the announcement of the Title
as given above? Pray write to me straightway,
and say. Your answer will be here before we can
publish; and the Packet of Proof-sheets and Man-
uscript may go off whether there be word from
you or none. --And so enough of Past and Pres-
ent. And indeed enough of all things, for my
haste is excessive in these hours.
The last Dial came to me about three weeks ago
as a Post-Letter, charged something like a guinea
of postage, if I remember ; so it had to be rejected,
and I have not yet seen that Number; but will when
my leeway is once brought up a little again. The
two preceding Numbers Were, to a marked extent,
I
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? 24 Uarlrjle to Emerson.
more like life than anything I had seen before of
the Dial. There was not indeed anything, except
the Emersonian Papers alone, which I know by the
first ring of them on the tympanum of the mind,
that I properly speaking liked; but t-here was much
that I did not dislike, and did half like; and I say,
" I fausto pede ; that will decidedly do better! "--
By the bye, it were as well if you kept rather a strict
outlook on Alcott and his English Tail,--I mean
so far as we here have any business with it. Bot-
tomless imbeciles ought not to be seen in company
with Ralph Waldo Emerson, who has already men lis-
tening to him on this side of the water. The" Tail l'
has an individual or two of that genus, --and the
rest is mainly yet undecided. For example, I knew
old ----- myself; and can testify, if you will be-
lieve me, that few greater blockheads (if " block-
head " may mean " exasperated imbecile " and the
ninth part of a thinker) broke the world's bread in
his day. Have a care of such! I say always to
myself,-- and to you, which you forgive me.
Adieu, my dear Emerson. May a good Genius
guide you; for you are alone, alone; and have a
steep pilgrimage to make,--1eading high, if you
do not slip or stumble !
Ever your affectionate _
T. CARLYLE.
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? I
i
ll
I
' CHELSEA, 1 April, 1843.
MY DEAR EMERSON, -- Along with this Letter
there will go from Liverpool, on the 4th instant, the
promised Parcel, complete Copy of the Book called
Past and Present, of which you already had two
simultaneous announcements} The name of the
Steam Packet, I understand, is the " Britannia'?
I have addressed the Parcel to the care of " Messrs.
Little and Brown, Booksellers, Boston," with your
name atop : I calculate it will arrive safe enoilgh.
About one hundred pages of the Manuscript Copy
have proved superfluous, the text being there also
in a printed shape; I had misestimated the Print-
er's velocity; I was anxious too that there should
be no failure as to time. The Manuscript is very
indifferent in that section of it; the damage there-
fore is smaller: your press-corrector can acquaint
himself with the hand, &c. by means of it. ' A poor
young governess, confined to a horizontal posture,
and many sad thoughts, by a disease of the spine,
1 The letter making the second announcement, being very similar
to the preceding, is omitted.
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? 26 Carlyle to Emerson. '
was our artist in that part of the business: her
writing is none of the distinctest; but it was a
work of Charity to give it her. I hope the thing is
all as correct as I could make it. I do not bethink
me of anything farther I have to add in the way of
explanation.
In fact, my prophecy rather is at present that
-----, the gibbetless thief at New York, will beat us
after all! Never mind if he do. To say truth, I
myself shall almost be glad: there has been a
botheration in this anxious arrangement of parts:
correcting of scrawly manuscript copies of what
you never wished to read more, and insane terror
withal. of having your own Manuscript burnt or
lost,-- that has exceeded my computation. Not to
speak of this trouble in which I involve you, my
Friend; which, I truly declare, makes me ashamed!
True one is bound to resist the Devil in all shapes ;
if a man come to steal from you, you will put on
what locks and padlocks are at hand, and not on
the whole say, " Steal, then! " But if the locks
prove insuflicient, and the thief do break through,
--that side of the alternative also will suit you
very well ; and, with perhaps a faint prayer for gib-
bets when they are necessary, you will say to him,
next time, " Macte virtute, my man! "
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? Emerson to Carlyle. 27
All is in a whirl with me here to-day; no other
topic but this very poor one can be entered upon. --
I hope for a letter from your own hand soon, and
some news about still more interesting matters.
Adieu, my Friend; I feel still as if, in several
senses, you stood alone with me under the sky at
present! 1
LXXXIII.
EMERSON TO CARLYLE.
Conoonn, 29 April, 1843.
MY DEAR GARLYLE,-- It is a pleasure to set your
name once more at the head of a sheet. It signi-
fies how much gladness, how much wealth of being,
that the good, wise, man-cheering, man-helping
friend, though unseen, lives there yonder, just out
of sight. Your star burns there just below our
eastern horizon, and fills the lower and upper air
with splendid and splendescent auroras. By some
refraction which new lenses or else steamships
shall operate, shall I not yet one day see again the
disk of benign Phosphorus? It is a solid joy to
me, that whilst you work for all, you work for me
1 The signature to this letter has been cut off.
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? 28 Emerson to Carlyle.
-.
~_-
\-
and with me, -even if I have little to write, and
seldom write your name.
Since I last wrote to you, I found it needful, if
only for the household's sake, to set some new lec-
tures in order, and go to new congregations of men.
I live so much alone, shrinking almost cowardly
from the contact of worldly and public men, that I
need more than others to quit home sometimes,
and roll with the river of travellers, and live in ho-
tels. I went to Baltimore, where I had an invita-
tion, and read two lectures on New England. On
my return, I stopped at Philadelphia, and, my
Course being now grown to four lectures, read
them there. At New York, my snowball was
larger, and I read five lectures on New England.
1. Religion; 2. Trade; 3. Genius, Manners and
Customs; 4. Recent literary and spiritual influ-
ences from abroad; 5. Domestic spiritual history.
--Perhaps I have not quite done with them yet,
but may make them the block of a new and some-
what larger structure for Boston, next winter.
The newspaper reports of them in New York were
such offensive misstatements, that I could not send
you, as I wished, a sketch. Between my two
speeches at Baltimore, I went to Washington,
thirty-seven miles, and spent four days. The two
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? Emerson to Carlyle. 29
poles of an enormous political battery, galvanic
coil on coil, self-increased by series on series of
plates from Mexico to Canada, and from the sea
westward to the Rocky Mountains, here meet and
play, and make the air electric and violent. Yet
one feels how little, more than how much, man
is represented there. I think, in the higher soci-
eties of the Universe, it will turn out that the
angels are molecules, as the devils were always
Titans, since the dulness of the world needs such
mountainous demonstration, and the virtue is so
modest and concentrating.
But I must not delay to acknowledge the arrival
of your Book. It came ten or eleven days ago, in
the "Britannia," with the three letters of different
dates announcing it. --I have read the superfluous
hundred pages of manuscript, and find it only too
popular. Beside its abundance of brilliant points
and proverbs, there is a deep, steady tide taking
in, either by hope or by fear, all the great classes
of society,--and the philosophic minority also, by
the powerful lights which are shed on the phenom-
enon. It is true contemporary history, which other
books are not, and you have fairly set solid London
city aloft, afloat in bright mirage in the air. I
quarrel only with the popular assumption, which is
sin--D
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? 30 Emerson to Carlyle.
perhaps a condition of the Humor itself, that the
state of society is a new state, and was not the
same thing in the days of Rabelais and of Aris-
tophanes, as of Carlyle. Orators always allow
something to masses, out of love to their own
art, whilst austere philosophy will only know the
particles. This were of no importance, if the his-
torian did not so come to mix himself in some
manner with his erring and grieving nations, and
so saddens the picture; for health is always pri-
vate and original, and its essence is in its un-
mixableness. -- But this Book, with all its affluence
of wit, of insight, and of daring hints, is born for
a longevity which I will not now compute. --In
one respect, as I hinted above, it is only too good,
so sure of success, I mean, that you are no longer
secure of any respect to your property in our free-
booting America.
You must know that the cheap press has, within
a few months, made a total change in our book
markets. Every English book of any name or
credit is instantly converted into a newspaper or
coarse pamphlet, and hawked by a hundred boys
in the streets of all of our cities for 25, 18, or 12
cents; Dickens's Notes for 12 cents, Blaclcwood's
Magazine for 18 cents, and so on. Three or four
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? Emerson to Carlyle. 31
great New York and Philadelphia printing-houses
do this work, with hot competition. One prints Bul-
wer's novel yesterday, for 35 cents ; and already, in
twenty-four hours, another has a coarser edition of
it for 18 cents, in all thoroughfares. -- What to do
with my sealed parcel of manuscripts and proofs?
No bookseller would in these perilous circumstances
offer a dollar for my precious parcel. I inquired
of the lawyers whether I could not by a copyright
protect my edition from piracy until an English
copy arrived, and so secure a sale of a few weeks.
They said, no; yet advised the taking a certificate
of copyright, that we might try the case if we
wished. After much consulting and balancing for
a few hours, I decided to print,- as heretofore, on
our own account, an edition, but cheap, to make
the temptation less, to retail at seventy-five cents.
I print fifteen hundred copies, and announce to the
public that it is your edition, and all good men
must buy this. I have written to the great Re-
printers, namely to Park Benjamin, and to the
Harpers, of New York, to request their forbear-
ance; and have engaged Little and Brown to
publish, because, I think, they have something more
of weight with Booksellers, and are a little less
likely to be invaded than Munroe. If we sell a
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? 32 Emerson to Carlyle.
thousand copies at seventy-five cents, it will only
yield you about two hundred dollars; if we should
be invaded, we can then afford to sell the other
five hundred copies at twenty-five cents, without
loss. In thus doing, I involve you in some risk;
but it was the best course that occurred. --Hith-
erto, the Miscellanies have not been reprinted in
the cheap forms; and in the last year, -Iames
Munroe & Co. have sold few copies; all books but
the cheapest being unsold in the hard times; some-
thing has however accrued to your credit there.
J. M. & Co. fear that, if the new book is pirated
at New York and the pirate prospers, instantly the
. Miscellanies will be plundered. We will hope bet-
ter, or at least exult in that which remains, to wit,
a Worth unplunderable, yet infinitely communicable.
I have hardly space left to say what I would
concerning the Dial. I heartily hoped I had
done with it, when lately our poor, good, . . . .
publishing Miss Peabody, . . . . wrote me that its
subscription would not pay its expenses (we all
writing for love). But certain friends are very
unwilling it should die, and I a little unwilling,
though very unwilling to be the life of it, as editor.
And now that you are safely through your book,
and before the greater Sequel rushes to its conclu-
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? Emerson to Carlyle. 33
sion, send me, I pray you, that short chapter which
hovers yet in the limbo of contingency, in solid
letters and points. Let it be, if that is readiest, a
criticism on the Dial, and this too Elysian race,
not blood, and yet not ichor. --Let Jane Carlyle be
on my part, and, watchful of his hours, urge the
poet in the golden one. I think to send you a du-
plicate of the last number of the Dial by Mr. Mann,1
who with his bride (sister of the above-mentioned
Miss Peabody) is going to London and so to Prus-
sia. He is little known to me, but greatly valued
as a philanthropist in this State. I must go to
work a little more methodically this summer, and
let something grow to a tree in my wide straggling
shrubbery. With your letters came a letter from
Sterling, who was too noble to allude to his books
and manuscript sent hither, and which Russell all
this time has delayed to print; I know not why,
but discouraged, I suppose, in these times by book-
sellers. I must know precisely, and write presently
to J. S.
Farewell.
R. W. EMERsoN?
1 The late Horace Mann.
2 The following passages from Emerson's Diary relating to
Past and Present seem to have been written a few days after the
preceding letter :--
" How many things this book of Carlyle gives us to think l It
vo1. . 11. 3
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LXXXIV.
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