Wolfram von
Eschenbach
(võlf'räm fon
esh'en-bach).
esh'en-bach).
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
(1646), reissued as “The
Danger of Tolerating Levellers in a Civill
State, etc. (1649, printed in part in Young's
(Chronicles'); New England's Salamander,
etc. (1647); (The Glorious Progress of the
Gospel amongst the Indians of New England)
(1649); and (A Platform of Church Discipline
in New England) (1653).
Winslow, Miron. An American missionary ;
born at Williston, Vt. , Dec. II, 1789; died at the
Cape of Good Hope, Oct. 22, 1864. He went
as a missionary to Ceylon, 1819; founded the
Madras mission, 1836; was president of the
native college at Madras, 1840; translated the
Bible into Tamil, 1835. He wrote: Memoir
of Mrs. Harriet Winslow) (1835), his wife, re-
published in England, and translated into French
and Turkish; and (A Tamil and English Dic-
tionary) (1862), his great work, containing over
67,000 Tamil words.
Winslow, William Copley. An American
archæologist and journalist; born at Boston,
Jan. 13, 1840. He is an Episcopal clergyman;
assisted in founding the University Quarterly,
1861 ; edited the Hamiltonian, 1862; was as-
sistant editor of the New York World 1862–63,
and editor of the Christian Times 1863-65;
vice-president, secretary, and treasurer for
many years of the Egypt exploration fund for
the U. S. ; lecturer on archæological subjects
and colonial history. He has written : (Israel
in Egypt'; 'The Store City of Pithom (1885);
(A Greek City in Egypt) (1887); (The Egyp-
tian Collection in Boston' (1890); (The Pilgrim
Fathers in Holland) (1891); etc.
Winsor, Justin. An American historian and
librarian; born at Boston, 1831 ; died 1897.
He was superintendent of the Boston Public
Library, 1868-77, and librarian of Harvard
University, 1877-97. He has published: (Bib-
liography of Original Quartos and Folios of
Shakespeare) (1875); (Reader's Handbook of
the American Revolution) (1880); (Memorial
History of Boston) (edited : 4 vols. , 1880–82);
(Narrative and Critical History of America)
(edited: 8 vols. , 1884-89); (Christopher Columbus)
(1891); From Cartier to Frontenac) (1894);
(The Mississippi Basin); and (The Struggle in
America between England and France) (1895).
He was the highest authority on the early
history of North America.
Winter, John Strange. See Stannard.
Winter, William. An American journalist
and dramatic critic; born at Gloucester, Mass. ,
July 15, 1836. He has done journalistic work
on the Saturday Press, Vanity Fair, the Albion,
Weekly Review; and has been dramatic critic
for the New York Tribune since 1865. He has
written (The Convent, and Other Poems) (1854);
(The Queen's Domain) (1858), and (My Wit-
ness) (1871), poems; Life of Edwin Booth)
(1872); “Thistledown) (1878), poems; ( Poems,
complete edition (1881);(The Jeffersons) (1881);
(English Rambles) (1883); Life of Henry Ir-
ving' (1885); (Shakspere's England (1886);
(Stage Life of Mary Anderson (1886); and
“The Wanderers' (1888). *
Winther, Rasmus Villads Christian Ferdi-
nand (vin'ter). A Danish poet; born in Fens-
mark, July 29, 1796; died in Paris, Dec. 30,
1876. While not the greatest Danish poet, he
is one of the truest interpreters of the Danish
national character. Some of his numerous pub-
lications are : (Song and Legend) (1841); 'Lyr-
ical Poems) (1849); New Poems) (1850); (The
Flight of the Hart) (1856), a lyric romance of
the Danish Middle Ages, his greatest work.
Winthrop, John, Governor.
Born near
Groton, Suffolk, England, Jan 12, 1587; died at
Boston, March 26, 1619. He was the first
colonial governor of Massachusetts, after the
government was transferred to America, hold-
ing the office, with but slight interruption, from
1629 to 1649. He wrote a History of New
England from 1630 to 1649) (2d ed. Boston,
1853), the MS. of which was left by him in
the form of a journal correspondence to be
found in his Life and Letters) (2 vols. , 1864-
67), by Robert C. Winthrop; (A Modell of
Christian Charity); (Arbitrary Government De-
scribed.
Winthrop, Theodore. An American soldier,
poet, and novelist; born at New Haven, Conn. ,
Sept. 22, 1828; killed at the head of an assault-
ing column of Northern troops at Big Bethel,
Va. , June 10, 1861. The 1861 Atlantic Monthly
contained sketches from him of early War
scenes. He left completed material for five
volumes of novels and essays : (Cecil Dreeme)
(1861); John Brent) (1862); Edwin Brother.
croft (1862); «The Canoe and the Saddle )
(1862); and Life in the Open Air, and Other
Papers) (1863). His sister published 'Life and
Poems of Theodore Winthrop (1884). *
Wirt, William. An American lawyer and
author; born at Bladensburg, Md. , Nov. 8,
1772; died at Washington, D. C. , Feb. 18, 1834.
His writings are: (Letters of a British Spy,
which first appeared in the Virginia Argus
(1803) ; (The Rainbow) (1804), which was writ-
ten for the Richmond Enquirer; and his chief
work, (Sketches of the Life and Character of
Patrick Henry) (1817). *
Wise, Daniel. An editor, Methodist clergy.
man, and author; born in Portsmouth, Eng.
land, Jan, 10, 1813. He was editor of the Lion's
Herald at Boston, Mass. , and various Sunday.
school publications, and has published a great
number of works on varied subjects, mostly
under the pen-names of "Francis Forrester
and “Laurence Lancewood. " Among these
are: Personal Effort) (1841); (Life of Ulric
Zwingli (1850); My Uncle Toby's Library)
(12 vols. , 1853); (Vanquished Victors) (1870);
(Heroic Methodists) (1882); "Boy Travelers in
Arabia) (1885); (Men of Renown' (1886); and
"Some Remarkable Women' (1887).
Wise, Henry Augustus. An American naval
officer and author; born at Brooklyn, N. Y. ,
3
## p. 581 (#597) ############################################
WISE - WITWICKIE
581
May 12, 1819; died at Naples, Italy, April 2,
1869. Under the pseudonym of Harry Gringo,"
he wrote Los Gringos; or, An Interior View
of Mexico and California, with Wanderings in
Peru, Chili, and Polynesia) (1849); “Tales for
the Marines) (1855); “Scampavias, from Gibel-
Tasek to Stamboul) (1857); (The Story of the
Gray African Parrot) (1856), a book for child-
ren; and (Captain Brand of the Centipede)
(1860).
Wise, Isaac Mayer. A Jewish rabbi and
author; born in Bohemia, April 3, 1819; settled
in New York city in 1846. He has resided in
Cincinnati, O. , since 1854, and is president of
the Hebrew Union College. He is a leader
of the reform movement in American Judaism;
and besides editing the Israelite, a weekly
journal, he has written extensively. Among
his works are: History of the Israelitish
Nation' (1854); (Essence of Judaism (1860);
Judaism: Its Doctrines and Duties) (1862);
( The Martyrdom of Jesus of Nazareth (1874);
( The Cosmic God" (1876); History of the
Hebrews' Second Commonwealth) (1880).
Wiseman, Nicholas Patrick Stephen. An
English cardinal and archbishop; born at Se-
ville, Spain, Aug. 3, 1802; died in London,
Feb. 15, 1865. Among his books are: (Hora
Syriacæ) (1828); "Lectures on the Connection
between Science and Revealed Religion (2
vols. , 1836); ( The Real Presence) (1836); "Lect-
ures on the Doctrines and Practices of the
Catholic Church) (2 vols. , 1836); (Three Lect-
ures on the Catholic Hierarchy'(1850); ' Essays
on Various Subjects) (3 vols. , 1853); (Fabiola;
or, The Church of the Catacombs) (1855); “Rec-
ollections of the Last Four Popes) (1858);
(Sermons) (2 vols. , 1864); ( The Witch of Rosen-
burg: A Drama in Three Acts) (1866); and
Daily Meditations) (1868).
Wissmann, Hermann von (vēs'män). A Ger-
man African explorer; born at Frankfort on
the Oder, Sept. 4, 1853. He crossed the African
continent, 1880-82; commanded an expedition
sent out by Leopold II. , 1884-85; as imperial
German commissioner, suppressed the Arab
revolt under Bushiri; failed in an attempt to
take two steamers to Lake Victoria via Nyassa
and Tanganyika, 1892; was governor of Ger-
man East Africa, 1895; president of the Berlin
Geographical Society, 1897. He has written:
(In the Interior of Africa) ( 3d ed. 1891); 'Under
the German Flag across Africa) (latest ed.
1891); My Second Crossing of Equatorial
Africa) (1891); (Africa : Descriptions and Ad-
vice) (1895); etc.
Wister, Annis Lee (Furness). An American
translator; born in Pennsylvania in 1830. She has
made many translations of note, among them:
E. Marlitt's (The Old Mamselle's Secret)
(1868), "Gold Else) (1868), (The Countess
Gisela) (1869), "The Little Moorland Princess)
(1873), and (The Second Wife) (1874); Wil-
helmine von Hillern's (Only a Girl (1870);
Hackländer's (Enchanting and Enchanted)
(1871); Volkhausen's (Why Did He Not Die? )
(1871); Von Auer's 'It Is the Fashion (1872);
and Fanny Lewald's (Hulda; or, The Deliv-
erer' (1874).
Wister, Owen. An American short-story
writer and lawyer of Philadelphia, son of Sa.
rah B. ; born in 1860. Besides stories for the
periodicals and magazines, he has written :
( The New Swiss Family Robinson; (The
Dragon of Wantley,' a romance; and (Red
Men and White, a collection of frontier sto-
ries. *
Wister, Mrs. Sarah (Butler). An Ameri-
can writer and translator, daughter of Fanny
Kemble ; born in Pennsylvania, 1835. She has
published a poem, (The Boat of Glass); and
translations from the French of Alfred de
Musset.
Wither, George. An English soldier and
poet ; born at Brentworth, June II, 1588; died
in London, May 2, 1667. For a volume of
metrical satires on the manners of the time,
(Abuses Stript and Whipt) (1613), he was cast
into prison, where he wrote (The Shepherd's
Hunting (1615), and, perhaps, Fidelia. '
Some of his volumes are: (The Motto) (1618);
(Philarète) (1622); (Hymns and Songs of the
Church) (1623); and "Hallelujah' (1641). His
best-known song is (Shall I, Wasting in De-
spair. ) *
Witherspoon, John. An American Presby.
terian divine and educator; born at Yester,
Hladdingtonshire, Scotland, Feb. 5, 1722; died
near Princeton, N. J. , Sept. 15, 1794. He was
president of Princeton College, 1768; delegate
for six years from New Jersey to the Continental
Congress; a signer of the Declaration of In-
dependence. He wrote: (Ecclesiastical Char.
acteristics) (1753); (Nature and Effects of the
Stage' (1757); ' Essays on Important Subjects)
(1764); “Considerations on the Nature and Ex-
tent of the Legislative Authority of the British
Parliament' (1774); etc. ( Works, 9 vols. ,
Edinburgh, 1804. )
Withrow, William Henry. A Canadian
Methodist divine and miscellaneous writer;
born at Toronto, Aug. 6, 1839. Since 1874 he
has been editor of the Methodist Magazine,
Toronto. He has written : Catacombs of
Rome) (1874); History of Canada) (1878);
(Lawrence Temple) (1881), a novel; Valeria,
the Martyr of the Catacombs) (1884); Life
in a Parsonage) (1885); Men Worth Know-
ing) (1886); (Canada : Scenic and Descriptive)
(1889); "China and its People) (1893); etc.
Witwickie, Étienne (vit'vits-ki). A Polish
poet, novelist, and dramatist; born at Krzemie-
nietz; died at Rome, 1847. After the revolution
of 1831 he resided in France. He was a roman-
ticist. Among his works were : Polish Altar)
(with Mickiewicz and B. Zalecoski); ( Towian.
skism,' a famous book in defense of Catholicism;
(Ballads and Romances) ( 1824 ); (Edmund
(1829); "Idyllic Poems) (1830); (Soirées of a
Pilgrim (1837-42); the drama (A Spoilt Re-
venge) (1835); etc.
>
## p. 582 (#598) ############################################
582
WOLCOT — WOLSELEY
(
Wolcot or Wolcott, John. [“ Peter Pindar. ”]
An English clergyman, physician, and satirical
poet; born at Dodbrooke, in May 1738 ; died
in London, Jan. 14, 1819. His satires involved
him in many quarrels. So effective were his
attacks upon the king, that the ministry silenced
him with a pension of £300 per annum. He
was an art critic of taste and penetration far
beyond his time; his yearly reviews in verse
of the Academy Exhibitions are much the best
of his work, and still instructive. Some of
his satires are: (Lyric Odes); (An Epistle to
the Reviewers); 'Peeps at St. James'; 'Royal
Visits); and (The Lousiad. '
Wolf, Emma. An American novelist. She
has written :(Other Things Being Equal (1892);
A Prodigal in Love) (1894); (The Joy of Life)
(1896).
Wolf, Friedrich August (võlf). A German
educator and classical scholar; born at Hayn-
rode, Prussia, Feb. 15, 1759; died at Marseilles,
France, Aug. 8, 1824. Among his very many
books are his edition of Demosthenes's (Lep-
tinea' (1790); Plato's (Symposium,'Apology,'
(Phædo, "Crito); Hesiod's (Theogony);
Cicero's (Tusculan Disputations, and other
works; and Aristophanes's (Clouds. What
gave him his greatest notoriety is his (Prole-
gomena in Homerum) (1795), an attempt to
prove that the Iliad and Odyssey are not the
work of one Homer, but a compilation from
several sources.
Wolf, Theodore Frelinghuysen. An Amer-
ican physician and littérateur ; born in New
Jersey, 1843. His books : (A Literary Pilgrim-
age among the Haunts of Famous British
Authors); and Literary Shrines: The Haunts
of Famous American Authors,' are among the
popular works of the day. His professional
writings include works on tetanus and anæs-
thesia.
Wolfe, Charles. An Irish clergyman and
poet; born at Dublin, Dec. 14, 1791; died at
Cove of Cork (now Queenstown), Feb. 21, 1823.
His title to literary immortality is his (Burial
of Sir John Moore. (“Not a drum was heard,
not a funeral note. ) His Poetical Remains,
with a Brief Memoir of his Life) was pub-
lished by Archdeacon John A. Russell in 1825
(8th ed. 1846).
Wolff, Albert V. (võlf). A German-French
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born at
Cologne, Dec. 31, 1835. He settled in Paris in
1857, becoming secretary to Alexandre Dumas,
père; wrote for the Gaulois, Figaro, Charivari,
etc. Some of these articles, collected in book
form, were afterwards published as Memoirs of
the Boulevard) (1866); (The Two Emperors )
(1871); Victorien Sardou and Uncle Sam)
(1873); etc. He wrote also several novels and
farces.
Wolff, Julius. A German poet; born in
Quedlinburg in the Harz Mountains, Sept. 16,
1834. In 1869 he four ed the Harz News. He
joined the army at the time of the Franco-
German war, and won the Iron Cross. After
this he returned to Berlin, later removing to
Charlottenburg. His chief works are: (War-
Songs) (1871); (Tyll Eulenspiegel Redivivus);
(The Ratcatcher of Hameln,' (Lingul the Rat-
catcher's Songs); 'The Wild Huntsman' (1872);
(Tannhäuser); ' Lurlei”; “The Robber Count);
(The Bachelor's Law) (1887).
Wolff, Oskar Ludwig Bernhard. A German
novelist and satirist; born at Altona, July 26,
1799 ; died at Jena, Sept. 16, 1851. He was
professor of modern languages at Weimar, 1820,
and of modern languages and literature at
Jena, 1832. He wrote Pictures and Songs
(1840), Natural History of the German Stu-
dent' (2d ed. 1842), Bubbles and Dreams
(1844), «The Minor Ills of Human Life) (1846),
(History of the Novel' (2d ed. 1850), etc. ;
and edited (Treasury of National Poetry) (4th
ed. 1853), “Treasury of German Prose) (11th
ed. 1875), “The German People's Treasury of
Poetry) (28th ed. 1884), etc.
Wolfram von Eschenbach (võlf'räm fon
esh'en-bach). Next to Walther von der Vogel-
weide the greatest of Middle High German
poets; died about 1220. He was poor and with
a family, and could neither read nor write;
but knew French and was of noble birth,
which enabled him to frequent the court of
Hermann of Thuringia. His chief works were
three epic poems: (Parzival) (about 1210), the
greatest of German court epics ; ( Titurel' (about
1210 ? ), left unfinished; (Willehalm) (begun
betore 1216), left unfinished; both afterward
completed by other hands. He wrote also
lyrics, among which were four Day Songs.
Wollstonecraft, Mary (Mrs. William God.
win). The noted author of the (Vindication
of the Rights of Women'; born in 1759;
died 1797. She was the mother of Mary Godwin,
the poet Shelley's second wife. She published :
(Thoughts on the Education of Daughters'
(1787); (Original Stories) (1788); "Vindication
of the Rights of Men (1790); «Vindication of
the Rights of Women' (1792); Historical and
Moral Views of the French Revolution' (1794);
Letters Written in Norway) (1796). Her
(Posthumous Works) appeared in 1798. *
Wolseley, Garnet Joseph, First Viscount
Wolseley. A distinguished British soldier; born
at Golden Bridge House, County Dublin, Ire-
land, June 4, 1833. He entered the army as
ensign in 1852; served in the Crimean War, in
India at the relief of Lucknow, and elsewhere;
held chief command in the Red River expe-
dition of 1870, and the Ashanti war of 1873-
74; was administrator of Natal in 1870; com-
missioner and commander in Cyprus, 1878;
governor of Natal and the Transvaal, 1879-80 ;
gained the victory of Tel-el-Kebir, 1882; com-
manded the expedition for the relief of Gor-
don, 1884-85; became commander-in-chief of
the British army, 1895. Besides technical
military works, he has written: Narrative of
the War with China in 1860) (1860); Marley
Castle) (1877), a novel; etc.
:
## p. 583 (#599) ############################################
WOLZOGEN - WOODS
583
Wolzogen, Ernst von, Baron (võl-tso'gen).
A German novelist, dramatist, and critic, some-
what of a realist; born at Breslau, April 23,
1855. He has written the novels (One o'Clock
Christmas Eve) (6th ed. 1896); (Mr. Thad-
deus's Tenant) (1885), (Basilla) (1887), Red
Francis) (1888), (The Photographs) (1890),
humorous sketches; (The Mad Countess) (1890),
etc. ; the dramas (The Last Pigtail (1884),
(An Unwritten Leaf (1896), etc. ; the critical
studies, George Eliot) (1885), «Wilkie Collins)
(1885); the pamphlet (An Earnest Warning to
the Ruling Classes) (4th ed. 1895); Biography
of Hans von Schweinichen) (1885).
Wolzogen, Karoline von. A German novel-
ist; born at Rudolstadt, Feb. 3, 1763; died at
Jena, Jan. 11, 1847. She was a sister of Schil-
ler's wife, and his intimate friend; and her
"Life of Schiller) is a charming and trustworthy
biography. She published two romances, Agnes
von Lilien) (2 vols. , 1798), for a time thought
to be Goethe's work by the most eminent
critics; and (Cordelia) (2 vols. , 1840).
Wood, Anthony, called Anthony à Wood.
An English antiquary; born at Oxford, Dec.
17, 1632; died there, Nov. 28, 1695. He spent
most of his life in collecting data relating to
the history of Oxford University. He wrote:
(History and Antiquities of the University of
Oxford' (translated into Latin, 1674; published
afterwards, rewritten in 2 vols. , 1786-90 and
1792-96); (An Exact History of all the Writers
and Bishops who have had their Education in
the University of Oxford, from 1500 to 1690)
(last ed. 1813-20);( Modus Salium: A Collection
of Pieces of Humor) (1751); and (The Ancient
and Present State of the City of Oxford (1773).
Wood, Charlotte Dunning. (“Charlotte
Dunning. ”] An American novelist; born at
Poughkeepsie, N. Y. , 1858. Her works include:
"Upon a Cast) (1885); (Cabin and Gondola)
(1886); (A Step Aside) (1886).
Wood, Ellen (Price) or Mrs. Henry Wood.
An English novelist; born at Worcester, Jan.
17, 1814; died Feb. 10, 1887. She edited the
Argosy in 1867; and published many novels,
among which are: “East Lynne) (1861); (The
Channings) (1862); “ The Shadow of Ashlydyat)
and "Verner's Pride) (1863); the Johnny Lud.
low) stories (1874-80); (Count Netherleigh)
(1881); and (About Ourselves) (1883).
Wood, George. An American writer and
chief of a division in the U. S. Treasury De-
partment; born in Newburyport, Mass. , in
1799; died at Saratoga, N. Y. , Aug. 24, 1870.
Hle published: Peter Schlemihl in America
(1848); ( The Modern Pilgrim' (1855); ( Marrying
Too Late) (1856); Future Life) (1858), re-
issued as “The Gates Wide Open' (1869).
Wood, John George. An English writer on
natural history ; born in London, 1827; died
at Coventry, March 4, 1889. He was a clergy-
man of the Church of England; edited The
Boy's Own Magazine, and Every Boy's Maga-
zine. He wrote the "Ilustrated Natural His-
tory) (new ed. 1865-66), with 1,500 original
illustrations;' Homes Without Hands (1864-65);
(A Popular Natural History) (1866); Natural
History of Man (2 vols. , 1868–70); “ Bible Ani-
mals) (1869); “The Modern Playmate (1870),
a book of games ; 'Man and Beasts, Here and
Hereafter) (1874); "Horse and Man' (1886); etc.
Wood, John Seymour. An American lawyer
and littérateur of New York city; born in
New York, 1853. He is editor of the Bachelor
of Arts, and has published: (Gramercy Park:
A Story of New York); (College Days: Yale
Yarns); (A Coign of Vantage); (A Daughter
of Venice); An Old Beau, and Other Stories. '
Wood, Mrs. Julia Amanda (Sargent). An
American writer of religious stories; born
in New Hampshire, 1826. She has written :
(Myrrha Lake); (Hubert's Wife); (Annette);
(Strayed from the Fold); (From Error to
Truth'; 'The Brown House at Duffield. ”
Wood, Mrs. Sarah Sayward (Barrell)
(Keating). An American writer of fiction ;
born in Maine, 1759; died in 1855. Her works
include: 'Duval); (Ferdinand and Almira; or,
The Influence of Virtue); (Tales of the Night);
and (The Illuminated Baron.
Woodberry, George Edward. An American
poet and miscellaneous writer; born at Bev-
erly, Mass. , May 12, 1855. He was professor of
English literature in Nebraska State Univer-
sity 1877-78 and 1880-82; in Columbia College,
1892. Besides numerous articles in magazines
and reviews, he has written a History of
Wood Engraving) (1883); "Life of Edgar Allan
Poe) (1885); and (The North Shore Watch,
and Other Poems) (1890). He has published
also an edition of Shelley (1894), and one of
Poe (1895), with E. C. Stedman. *
Woodrow, James. A distinguished Ameri-
can Presbyterian clergyman and educator; born
at Carlisle, England, May 30, 1828. He edited
the Southern Presbyterian Review, 1861-65,
and since 1865 has been editor of the Southern
Presbyterian. After filling several professor-
ships in various Southern colleges, he became
president of South Carolina College in 1891.
He has published many review articles, in-
cluding : (Geology and its Assailants) (1862);
(An Examination of Certain Recent Assaults
on Physical Science) (1873); (A Further Ex-
amination (1874); etc.
Woods, Mrs. Kate (Tannatt). An American
writer of juvenile tales; born in New York,
1838. Among her books are : (Six Little Reb-
els); (Out and About); (Dr. Dick); (The
Wooing of Grandmother Grey); (Grandfather
Grey); (Children's Stories ); (Toots and his
Friends); (The Duncans on Land and Sea.
Woods, Katharine Pearson. An American
writer of fiction; born in West Virginia, 1853.
Her published works include: “The Crowning
of Candace); (A Tale of King Messiah';
(From Dusk to Dawn); (A Web of Gold);
(Metzerott, Shoemaker: A Protest against So.
cial Injustice.
## p. 584 (#600) ############################################
584
WOODS - WORDSWORTH
Woods, Margaret L. A noted English novel-
ist ; born in London, 1859. She is daughter of
Dean Bradley oi Westminster, and wife of
President Woods of Trinity College, Oxford.
She has written : (A Village Tragedy) (1888);
(Esther Vanhomrigh' (1891); Vagabonds)
(1894); also (Lyrics and Ballads) (1888). *
Woodworth, Samuel. An American jour-
nalist and poet; born at Scituate, Mass. , Jan.
13, 1785; died in New York city, Dec. 9, 1842.
During the war of 1812-15 he edited, in New
York city, The War, a weekly journal, and
The Halcyon Luminary, a Swedenborgian
monthly. He was one of the founders of the
New York Mirror (1823-24); edited the Parthe-
non (1827); wrote a romantic history of the
war, called “The Champions of Freedom) (2
vols. , 1816), and several dramatic pieces. His
poetical works were published in 2 vols. in
1861. His famous poem is “The Old Oaken
Bucket.
Woolley, Mrs. Celia (Parker). An American
author and Unitarian minister at Geneva, Ill. ;
born in Ohio, 1848. She has written : (Roger
Hunt); A Girl Graduate); “Rachel Armstrong ;
or, Love and Theology.
Woolman, John. A Quaker preacher and
anti-slavery writer; born in Northampton, N. J. ,
August, 1720; died in York, England, Oct.
5, 1772. His writings contain the earliest pro-
test published in America against the slave
trade. His works include: "Some Considera-
tions on the Keeping of Negroes) (Philadel.
phia, 1753 and 1762); (Considerations on Pure
Wisdom, etc. (1708); (Considerations on the
True Harmony of Mankind, etc. (1770);
(Epistles to Quarterly Meetings of Friends,
etc. (1772). His Journal of Life and Travels)
was published in Philadelphia in 1775, and
edited by Whittier, 1871.
Woolner, Thomas. An English sculptor and
poet; born at Hadleigh, Dec. 17, 1825; died in
London, Oct. 7, 1892. He made busts of Car-
lyle and Tennyson, and a medallion portrait
of Tennyson, engraved for a frontispiece to the
Moxon edition of Tennyson. He was a Pre-
Raphaelite; and his popular poem “My Beauti-
ful Lady) (1863) first appeared in the Pre-
Raphaelite journal The Germ. His other
volumes are: Pygmalion (1881); Silenus'
(1884); and (Tiresias) (1886).
Woolsey, Sarah Chauncey. An American
author; born at Cleveland, O. , about 1845.
Under the pen-name (Susan Coolidge) she
is a popular writer, especially for children.
Some of her writings are : (The New Year's
Bargain) (1871); (What Katy Did) ( 1872);
(Verses) (1880); (A Guernsey Lily) (1881); (A
Little Country Girl (1885); and A Short His-
tory of the City of Philadelphia' (1887). She
edited : (The Diary and Letters of Mrs. De-
laney) (1878); and (The Diary and Letters of
Frances Burney, Madame D'Arblay. )
Woolsey, Theodore Dwight. An American
educator; born in New York city, Oct. 31, 1801;
died in New Haven, Conn. , July 1, 1889. He
edited the (Alcestis) of Euripides (1833); the
(Antigone) (1835), and the Electra' of Soph-
ocles (1837); the Prometheus) of Æschy-
lus (1837); and the (Gorgias) of Plato (1842).
He published his inaugural address, College
Education (1846); “Historical Discourse upon
Yale College) (1850); Introduction to the
Study of International Law) (1860); An Essay
on Divorce and Divorce Legislation) (1809);
a book of sermons, (The Religion of the Present
and the Future) (1871). He re-edited Prof.
Francis Lieber's (Civil Liberty and Self-Gov-
ernment) (1874), and his Manual of Political
Ethics) (1874). He also published a work on
Political Science) (1877), and one on Com-
munism and Socialism (1879).
Woolson, Mrs. Abba Louisa (Goold). An
American lecturer and author; born in Wind-
ham, Me. , April 30, 1838. She has given many
lectures on literary, social, historical, and dra-
matic subjects; and besides contributing to peri-
odicals has published: (Women in American
Society) (1873); Browsing among Books)
(1881); 'George Eliot and her lleroines) (1880);
and 'Dress as it Affects the Health of Women)
(1874), a series of lectures.
Woolson, Constance Fenimore. An Amer.
ican novelist and poet; born at Claremont,
N. H. , March 5, 1848; died at Venice, January
1894. Her principal books are: (Castle No-
where ) (1875); Rodman the Keeper) (1880);
(Anne) (1882); (For the Major) (1883); (East
Angels) (1886); Jupiter Lights) (1889); and
(Horace Chase) (1894). *
Worcester, Joseph Emerson. A famous
American lexicographer, author of Worces-
ter's Dictionary); born in Bedford, N. H. , Aug.
24, 1784 ; settled in Cambridge, Mass. , 1820.
and died there, Oct. 27, 1865. He graduated
at Yale in 1811, and very shortly began his life
work as a dictionary-maker. His first publi-
cation was: (A Geographical Dictionary, or
Universal Gazetteer) (1817, revised 1823); fol.
lowed by "Gazetteer of the United States) (1818);
( Elements of Geography) (1819); (Sketches of
the Earth and its Inhabitants) (1823); Elements
of History) (1826). In 1830 he published the
(Comprehensive Pronouncing and Explanatory
English Dictionary) (enlarged editions appeared
1847-49-55). In 1860 he published the great
quarto, Dictionary of the English Language)
(Illustrated), a standard authority wherever the
English tongue is spoken. .
Wordsworth, William. The great English
poet; born at Cockermouth, Cumberland, April
7, 1770; died at Rydal Mount, April 23, 1850.
He was poet-laureate, 1843. A resident of
the lake district in Westmoreland and Cum-
berland, he was one of the celebrated Lake
School” or “Lake Poets, which included
also Coleridge and Southey. Among his best-
known works were : (An Evening Walk)
(1793); 'Lyrical Ballads' (1798); two volumes of
(Poems) (1807); (The Excursion) (1814); new
edition of "Poems) (1815); (The White Doe of
(
## p. 585 (#601) ############################################
WORK - WRIGHT
585
Rylstone) (1815); (Thanksgiving Ode) (1816);
(Peter Bell) and (The Waggoner) (1819);
(Yarrow Revisited, and Other Poems) (1835);
(Sonnets) (1838); ( The Prelude) (1850); etc. *
Work, Henry Clay. A leading American
song-writer; born in Middletown, Conn. , Oct.
1, 1832; died in Hartford, Conn. , June 8, 1884.
He was highly popular in three different classes
of songs : of the War, as (Kingdom Comin',
(Wake Nicodemus,' Babylon is Fallen,
(Marching Through Georgia'; of temperance,
as Father, Dear Father, Come Home with
Me Now); sentimental, as (My Grandfather's
Clock) and Lily Dale. )
Workman, Mrs. Fanny (Bullock ). An
American writer of travels; born in Massachu-
setts, 1859. She has written : (Algerian Memo-
ries); (A Bicycle Tour over the Atlas to the
Sahara); (Sketches Awheel in Modern Iberia.
Wormeley, Katharine Prescott.
Danger of Tolerating Levellers in a Civill
State, etc. (1649, printed in part in Young's
(Chronicles'); New England's Salamander,
etc. (1647); (The Glorious Progress of the
Gospel amongst the Indians of New England)
(1649); and (A Platform of Church Discipline
in New England) (1653).
Winslow, Miron. An American missionary ;
born at Williston, Vt. , Dec. II, 1789; died at the
Cape of Good Hope, Oct. 22, 1864. He went
as a missionary to Ceylon, 1819; founded the
Madras mission, 1836; was president of the
native college at Madras, 1840; translated the
Bible into Tamil, 1835. He wrote: Memoir
of Mrs. Harriet Winslow) (1835), his wife, re-
published in England, and translated into French
and Turkish; and (A Tamil and English Dic-
tionary) (1862), his great work, containing over
67,000 Tamil words.
Winslow, William Copley. An American
archæologist and journalist; born at Boston,
Jan. 13, 1840. He is an Episcopal clergyman;
assisted in founding the University Quarterly,
1861 ; edited the Hamiltonian, 1862; was as-
sistant editor of the New York World 1862–63,
and editor of the Christian Times 1863-65;
vice-president, secretary, and treasurer for
many years of the Egypt exploration fund for
the U. S. ; lecturer on archæological subjects
and colonial history. He has written : (Israel
in Egypt'; 'The Store City of Pithom (1885);
(A Greek City in Egypt) (1887); (The Egyp-
tian Collection in Boston' (1890); (The Pilgrim
Fathers in Holland) (1891); etc.
Winsor, Justin. An American historian and
librarian; born at Boston, 1831 ; died 1897.
He was superintendent of the Boston Public
Library, 1868-77, and librarian of Harvard
University, 1877-97. He has published: (Bib-
liography of Original Quartos and Folios of
Shakespeare) (1875); (Reader's Handbook of
the American Revolution) (1880); (Memorial
History of Boston) (edited : 4 vols. , 1880–82);
(Narrative and Critical History of America)
(edited: 8 vols. , 1884-89); (Christopher Columbus)
(1891); From Cartier to Frontenac) (1894);
(The Mississippi Basin); and (The Struggle in
America between England and France) (1895).
He was the highest authority on the early
history of North America.
Winter, John Strange. See Stannard.
Winter, William. An American journalist
and dramatic critic; born at Gloucester, Mass. ,
July 15, 1836. He has done journalistic work
on the Saturday Press, Vanity Fair, the Albion,
Weekly Review; and has been dramatic critic
for the New York Tribune since 1865. He has
written (The Convent, and Other Poems) (1854);
(The Queen's Domain) (1858), and (My Wit-
ness) (1871), poems; Life of Edwin Booth)
(1872); “Thistledown) (1878), poems; ( Poems,
complete edition (1881);(The Jeffersons) (1881);
(English Rambles) (1883); Life of Henry Ir-
ving' (1885); (Shakspere's England (1886);
(Stage Life of Mary Anderson (1886); and
“The Wanderers' (1888). *
Winther, Rasmus Villads Christian Ferdi-
nand (vin'ter). A Danish poet; born in Fens-
mark, July 29, 1796; died in Paris, Dec. 30,
1876. While not the greatest Danish poet, he
is one of the truest interpreters of the Danish
national character. Some of his numerous pub-
lications are : (Song and Legend) (1841); 'Lyr-
ical Poems) (1849); New Poems) (1850); (The
Flight of the Hart) (1856), a lyric romance of
the Danish Middle Ages, his greatest work.
Winthrop, John, Governor.
Born near
Groton, Suffolk, England, Jan 12, 1587; died at
Boston, March 26, 1619. He was the first
colonial governor of Massachusetts, after the
government was transferred to America, hold-
ing the office, with but slight interruption, from
1629 to 1649. He wrote a History of New
England from 1630 to 1649) (2d ed. Boston,
1853), the MS. of which was left by him in
the form of a journal correspondence to be
found in his Life and Letters) (2 vols. , 1864-
67), by Robert C. Winthrop; (A Modell of
Christian Charity); (Arbitrary Government De-
scribed.
Winthrop, Theodore. An American soldier,
poet, and novelist; born at New Haven, Conn. ,
Sept. 22, 1828; killed at the head of an assault-
ing column of Northern troops at Big Bethel,
Va. , June 10, 1861. The 1861 Atlantic Monthly
contained sketches from him of early War
scenes. He left completed material for five
volumes of novels and essays : (Cecil Dreeme)
(1861); John Brent) (1862); Edwin Brother.
croft (1862); «The Canoe and the Saddle )
(1862); and Life in the Open Air, and Other
Papers) (1863). His sister published 'Life and
Poems of Theodore Winthrop (1884). *
Wirt, William. An American lawyer and
author; born at Bladensburg, Md. , Nov. 8,
1772; died at Washington, D. C. , Feb. 18, 1834.
His writings are: (Letters of a British Spy,
which first appeared in the Virginia Argus
(1803) ; (The Rainbow) (1804), which was writ-
ten for the Richmond Enquirer; and his chief
work, (Sketches of the Life and Character of
Patrick Henry) (1817). *
Wise, Daniel. An editor, Methodist clergy.
man, and author; born in Portsmouth, Eng.
land, Jan, 10, 1813. He was editor of the Lion's
Herald at Boston, Mass. , and various Sunday.
school publications, and has published a great
number of works on varied subjects, mostly
under the pen-names of "Francis Forrester
and “Laurence Lancewood. " Among these
are: Personal Effort) (1841); (Life of Ulric
Zwingli (1850); My Uncle Toby's Library)
(12 vols. , 1853); (Vanquished Victors) (1870);
(Heroic Methodists) (1882); "Boy Travelers in
Arabia) (1885); (Men of Renown' (1886); and
"Some Remarkable Women' (1887).
Wise, Henry Augustus. An American naval
officer and author; born at Brooklyn, N. Y. ,
3
## p. 581 (#597) ############################################
WISE - WITWICKIE
581
May 12, 1819; died at Naples, Italy, April 2,
1869. Under the pseudonym of Harry Gringo,"
he wrote Los Gringos; or, An Interior View
of Mexico and California, with Wanderings in
Peru, Chili, and Polynesia) (1849); “Tales for
the Marines) (1855); “Scampavias, from Gibel-
Tasek to Stamboul) (1857); (The Story of the
Gray African Parrot) (1856), a book for child-
ren; and (Captain Brand of the Centipede)
(1860).
Wise, Isaac Mayer. A Jewish rabbi and
author; born in Bohemia, April 3, 1819; settled
in New York city in 1846. He has resided in
Cincinnati, O. , since 1854, and is president of
the Hebrew Union College. He is a leader
of the reform movement in American Judaism;
and besides editing the Israelite, a weekly
journal, he has written extensively. Among
his works are: History of the Israelitish
Nation' (1854); (Essence of Judaism (1860);
Judaism: Its Doctrines and Duties) (1862);
( The Martyrdom of Jesus of Nazareth (1874);
( The Cosmic God" (1876); History of the
Hebrews' Second Commonwealth) (1880).
Wiseman, Nicholas Patrick Stephen. An
English cardinal and archbishop; born at Se-
ville, Spain, Aug. 3, 1802; died in London,
Feb. 15, 1865. Among his books are: (Hora
Syriacæ) (1828); "Lectures on the Connection
between Science and Revealed Religion (2
vols. , 1836); ( The Real Presence) (1836); "Lect-
ures on the Doctrines and Practices of the
Catholic Church) (2 vols. , 1836); (Three Lect-
ures on the Catholic Hierarchy'(1850); ' Essays
on Various Subjects) (3 vols. , 1853); (Fabiola;
or, The Church of the Catacombs) (1855); “Rec-
ollections of the Last Four Popes) (1858);
(Sermons) (2 vols. , 1864); ( The Witch of Rosen-
burg: A Drama in Three Acts) (1866); and
Daily Meditations) (1868).
Wissmann, Hermann von (vēs'män). A Ger-
man African explorer; born at Frankfort on
the Oder, Sept. 4, 1853. He crossed the African
continent, 1880-82; commanded an expedition
sent out by Leopold II. , 1884-85; as imperial
German commissioner, suppressed the Arab
revolt under Bushiri; failed in an attempt to
take two steamers to Lake Victoria via Nyassa
and Tanganyika, 1892; was governor of Ger-
man East Africa, 1895; president of the Berlin
Geographical Society, 1897. He has written:
(In the Interior of Africa) ( 3d ed. 1891); 'Under
the German Flag across Africa) (latest ed.
1891); My Second Crossing of Equatorial
Africa) (1891); (Africa : Descriptions and Ad-
vice) (1895); etc.
Wister, Annis Lee (Furness). An American
translator; born in Pennsylvania in 1830. She has
made many translations of note, among them:
E. Marlitt's (The Old Mamselle's Secret)
(1868), "Gold Else) (1868), (The Countess
Gisela) (1869), "The Little Moorland Princess)
(1873), and (The Second Wife) (1874); Wil-
helmine von Hillern's (Only a Girl (1870);
Hackländer's (Enchanting and Enchanted)
(1871); Volkhausen's (Why Did He Not Die? )
(1871); Von Auer's 'It Is the Fashion (1872);
and Fanny Lewald's (Hulda; or, The Deliv-
erer' (1874).
Wister, Owen. An American short-story
writer and lawyer of Philadelphia, son of Sa.
rah B. ; born in 1860. Besides stories for the
periodicals and magazines, he has written :
( The New Swiss Family Robinson; (The
Dragon of Wantley,' a romance; and (Red
Men and White, a collection of frontier sto-
ries. *
Wister, Mrs. Sarah (Butler). An Ameri-
can writer and translator, daughter of Fanny
Kemble ; born in Pennsylvania, 1835. She has
published a poem, (The Boat of Glass); and
translations from the French of Alfred de
Musset.
Wither, George. An English soldier and
poet ; born at Brentworth, June II, 1588; died
in London, May 2, 1667. For a volume of
metrical satires on the manners of the time,
(Abuses Stript and Whipt) (1613), he was cast
into prison, where he wrote (The Shepherd's
Hunting (1615), and, perhaps, Fidelia. '
Some of his volumes are: (The Motto) (1618);
(Philarète) (1622); (Hymns and Songs of the
Church) (1623); and "Hallelujah' (1641). His
best-known song is (Shall I, Wasting in De-
spair. ) *
Witherspoon, John. An American Presby.
terian divine and educator; born at Yester,
Hladdingtonshire, Scotland, Feb. 5, 1722; died
near Princeton, N. J. , Sept. 15, 1794. He was
president of Princeton College, 1768; delegate
for six years from New Jersey to the Continental
Congress; a signer of the Declaration of In-
dependence. He wrote: (Ecclesiastical Char.
acteristics) (1753); (Nature and Effects of the
Stage' (1757); ' Essays on Important Subjects)
(1764); “Considerations on the Nature and Ex-
tent of the Legislative Authority of the British
Parliament' (1774); etc. ( Works, 9 vols. ,
Edinburgh, 1804. )
Withrow, William Henry. A Canadian
Methodist divine and miscellaneous writer;
born at Toronto, Aug. 6, 1839. Since 1874 he
has been editor of the Methodist Magazine,
Toronto. He has written : Catacombs of
Rome) (1874); History of Canada) (1878);
(Lawrence Temple) (1881), a novel; Valeria,
the Martyr of the Catacombs) (1884); Life
in a Parsonage) (1885); Men Worth Know-
ing) (1886); (Canada : Scenic and Descriptive)
(1889); "China and its People) (1893); etc.
Witwickie, Étienne (vit'vits-ki). A Polish
poet, novelist, and dramatist; born at Krzemie-
nietz; died at Rome, 1847. After the revolution
of 1831 he resided in France. He was a roman-
ticist. Among his works were : Polish Altar)
(with Mickiewicz and B. Zalecoski); ( Towian.
skism,' a famous book in defense of Catholicism;
(Ballads and Romances) ( 1824 ); (Edmund
(1829); "Idyllic Poems) (1830); (Soirées of a
Pilgrim (1837-42); the drama (A Spoilt Re-
venge) (1835); etc.
>
## p. 582 (#598) ############################################
582
WOLCOT — WOLSELEY
(
Wolcot or Wolcott, John. [“ Peter Pindar. ”]
An English clergyman, physician, and satirical
poet; born at Dodbrooke, in May 1738 ; died
in London, Jan. 14, 1819. His satires involved
him in many quarrels. So effective were his
attacks upon the king, that the ministry silenced
him with a pension of £300 per annum. He
was an art critic of taste and penetration far
beyond his time; his yearly reviews in verse
of the Academy Exhibitions are much the best
of his work, and still instructive. Some of
his satires are: (Lyric Odes); (An Epistle to
the Reviewers); 'Peeps at St. James'; 'Royal
Visits); and (The Lousiad. '
Wolf, Emma. An American novelist. She
has written :(Other Things Being Equal (1892);
A Prodigal in Love) (1894); (The Joy of Life)
(1896).
Wolf, Friedrich August (võlf). A German
educator and classical scholar; born at Hayn-
rode, Prussia, Feb. 15, 1759; died at Marseilles,
France, Aug. 8, 1824. Among his very many
books are his edition of Demosthenes's (Lep-
tinea' (1790); Plato's (Symposium,'Apology,'
(Phædo, "Crito); Hesiod's (Theogony);
Cicero's (Tusculan Disputations, and other
works; and Aristophanes's (Clouds. What
gave him his greatest notoriety is his (Prole-
gomena in Homerum) (1795), an attempt to
prove that the Iliad and Odyssey are not the
work of one Homer, but a compilation from
several sources.
Wolf, Theodore Frelinghuysen. An Amer-
ican physician and littérateur ; born in New
Jersey, 1843. His books : (A Literary Pilgrim-
age among the Haunts of Famous British
Authors); and Literary Shrines: The Haunts
of Famous American Authors,' are among the
popular works of the day. His professional
writings include works on tetanus and anæs-
thesia.
Wolfe, Charles. An Irish clergyman and
poet; born at Dublin, Dec. 14, 1791; died at
Cove of Cork (now Queenstown), Feb. 21, 1823.
His title to literary immortality is his (Burial
of Sir John Moore. (“Not a drum was heard,
not a funeral note. ) His Poetical Remains,
with a Brief Memoir of his Life) was pub-
lished by Archdeacon John A. Russell in 1825
(8th ed. 1846).
Wolff, Albert V. (võlf). A German-French
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born at
Cologne, Dec. 31, 1835. He settled in Paris in
1857, becoming secretary to Alexandre Dumas,
père; wrote for the Gaulois, Figaro, Charivari,
etc. Some of these articles, collected in book
form, were afterwards published as Memoirs of
the Boulevard) (1866); (The Two Emperors )
(1871); Victorien Sardou and Uncle Sam)
(1873); etc. He wrote also several novels and
farces.
Wolff, Julius. A German poet; born in
Quedlinburg in the Harz Mountains, Sept. 16,
1834. In 1869 he four ed the Harz News. He
joined the army at the time of the Franco-
German war, and won the Iron Cross. After
this he returned to Berlin, later removing to
Charlottenburg. His chief works are: (War-
Songs) (1871); (Tyll Eulenspiegel Redivivus);
(The Ratcatcher of Hameln,' (Lingul the Rat-
catcher's Songs); 'The Wild Huntsman' (1872);
(Tannhäuser); ' Lurlei”; “The Robber Count);
(The Bachelor's Law) (1887).
Wolff, Oskar Ludwig Bernhard. A German
novelist and satirist; born at Altona, July 26,
1799 ; died at Jena, Sept. 16, 1851. He was
professor of modern languages at Weimar, 1820,
and of modern languages and literature at
Jena, 1832. He wrote Pictures and Songs
(1840), Natural History of the German Stu-
dent' (2d ed. 1842), Bubbles and Dreams
(1844), «The Minor Ills of Human Life) (1846),
(History of the Novel' (2d ed. 1850), etc. ;
and edited (Treasury of National Poetry) (4th
ed. 1853), “Treasury of German Prose) (11th
ed. 1875), “The German People's Treasury of
Poetry) (28th ed. 1884), etc.
Wolfram von Eschenbach (võlf'räm fon
esh'en-bach). Next to Walther von der Vogel-
weide the greatest of Middle High German
poets; died about 1220. He was poor and with
a family, and could neither read nor write;
but knew French and was of noble birth,
which enabled him to frequent the court of
Hermann of Thuringia. His chief works were
three epic poems: (Parzival) (about 1210), the
greatest of German court epics ; ( Titurel' (about
1210 ? ), left unfinished; (Willehalm) (begun
betore 1216), left unfinished; both afterward
completed by other hands. He wrote also
lyrics, among which were four Day Songs.
Wollstonecraft, Mary (Mrs. William God.
win). The noted author of the (Vindication
of the Rights of Women'; born in 1759;
died 1797. She was the mother of Mary Godwin,
the poet Shelley's second wife. She published :
(Thoughts on the Education of Daughters'
(1787); (Original Stories) (1788); "Vindication
of the Rights of Men (1790); «Vindication of
the Rights of Women' (1792); Historical and
Moral Views of the French Revolution' (1794);
Letters Written in Norway) (1796). Her
(Posthumous Works) appeared in 1798. *
Wolseley, Garnet Joseph, First Viscount
Wolseley. A distinguished British soldier; born
at Golden Bridge House, County Dublin, Ire-
land, June 4, 1833. He entered the army as
ensign in 1852; served in the Crimean War, in
India at the relief of Lucknow, and elsewhere;
held chief command in the Red River expe-
dition of 1870, and the Ashanti war of 1873-
74; was administrator of Natal in 1870; com-
missioner and commander in Cyprus, 1878;
governor of Natal and the Transvaal, 1879-80 ;
gained the victory of Tel-el-Kebir, 1882; com-
manded the expedition for the relief of Gor-
don, 1884-85; became commander-in-chief of
the British army, 1895. Besides technical
military works, he has written: Narrative of
the War with China in 1860) (1860); Marley
Castle) (1877), a novel; etc.
:
## p. 583 (#599) ############################################
WOLZOGEN - WOODS
583
Wolzogen, Ernst von, Baron (võl-tso'gen).
A German novelist, dramatist, and critic, some-
what of a realist; born at Breslau, April 23,
1855. He has written the novels (One o'Clock
Christmas Eve) (6th ed. 1896); (Mr. Thad-
deus's Tenant) (1885), (Basilla) (1887), Red
Francis) (1888), (The Photographs) (1890),
humorous sketches; (The Mad Countess) (1890),
etc. ; the dramas (The Last Pigtail (1884),
(An Unwritten Leaf (1896), etc. ; the critical
studies, George Eliot) (1885), «Wilkie Collins)
(1885); the pamphlet (An Earnest Warning to
the Ruling Classes) (4th ed. 1895); Biography
of Hans von Schweinichen) (1885).
Wolzogen, Karoline von. A German novel-
ist; born at Rudolstadt, Feb. 3, 1763; died at
Jena, Jan. 11, 1847. She was a sister of Schil-
ler's wife, and his intimate friend; and her
"Life of Schiller) is a charming and trustworthy
biography. She published two romances, Agnes
von Lilien) (2 vols. , 1798), for a time thought
to be Goethe's work by the most eminent
critics; and (Cordelia) (2 vols. , 1840).
Wood, Anthony, called Anthony à Wood.
An English antiquary; born at Oxford, Dec.
17, 1632; died there, Nov. 28, 1695. He spent
most of his life in collecting data relating to
the history of Oxford University. He wrote:
(History and Antiquities of the University of
Oxford' (translated into Latin, 1674; published
afterwards, rewritten in 2 vols. , 1786-90 and
1792-96); (An Exact History of all the Writers
and Bishops who have had their Education in
the University of Oxford, from 1500 to 1690)
(last ed. 1813-20);( Modus Salium: A Collection
of Pieces of Humor) (1751); and (The Ancient
and Present State of the City of Oxford (1773).
Wood, Charlotte Dunning. (“Charlotte
Dunning. ”] An American novelist; born at
Poughkeepsie, N. Y. , 1858. Her works include:
"Upon a Cast) (1885); (Cabin and Gondola)
(1886); (A Step Aside) (1886).
Wood, Ellen (Price) or Mrs. Henry Wood.
An English novelist; born at Worcester, Jan.
17, 1814; died Feb. 10, 1887. She edited the
Argosy in 1867; and published many novels,
among which are: “East Lynne) (1861); (The
Channings) (1862); “ The Shadow of Ashlydyat)
and "Verner's Pride) (1863); the Johnny Lud.
low) stories (1874-80); (Count Netherleigh)
(1881); and (About Ourselves) (1883).
Wood, George. An American writer and
chief of a division in the U. S. Treasury De-
partment; born in Newburyport, Mass. , in
1799; died at Saratoga, N. Y. , Aug. 24, 1870.
Hle published: Peter Schlemihl in America
(1848); ( The Modern Pilgrim' (1855); ( Marrying
Too Late) (1856); Future Life) (1858), re-
issued as “The Gates Wide Open' (1869).
Wood, John George. An English writer on
natural history ; born in London, 1827; died
at Coventry, March 4, 1889. He was a clergy-
man of the Church of England; edited The
Boy's Own Magazine, and Every Boy's Maga-
zine. He wrote the "Ilustrated Natural His-
tory) (new ed. 1865-66), with 1,500 original
illustrations;' Homes Without Hands (1864-65);
(A Popular Natural History) (1866); Natural
History of Man (2 vols. , 1868–70); “ Bible Ani-
mals) (1869); “The Modern Playmate (1870),
a book of games ; 'Man and Beasts, Here and
Hereafter) (1874); "Horse and Man' (1886); etc.
Wood, John Seymour. An American lawyer
and littérateur of New York city; born in
New York, 1853. He is editor of the Bachelor
of Arts, and has published: (Gramercy Park:
A Story of New York); (College Days: Yale
Yarns); (A Coign of Vantage); (A Daughter
of Venice); An Old Beau, and Other Stories. '
Wood, Mrs. Julia Amanda (Sargent). An
American writer of religious stories; born
in New Hampshire, 1826. She has written :
(Myrrha Lake); (Hubert's Wife); (Annette);
(Strayed from the Fold); (From Error to
Truth'; 'The Brown House at Duffield. ”
Wood, Mrs. Sarah Sayward (Barrell)
(Keating). An American writer of fiction ;
born in Maine, 1759; died in 1855. Her works
include: 'Duval); (Ferdinand and Almira; or,
The Influence of Virtue); (Tales of the Night);
and (The Illuminated Baron.
Woodberry, George Edward. An American
poet and miscellaneous writer; born at Bev-
erly, Mass. , May 12, 1855. He was professor of
English literature in Nebraska State Univer-
sity 1877-78 and 1880-82; in Columbia College,
1892. Besides numerous articles in magazines
and reviews, he has written a History of
Wood Engraving) (1883); "Life of Edgar Allan
Poe) (1885); and (The North Shore Watch,
and Other Poems) (1890). He has published
also an edition of Shelley (1894), and one of
Poe (1895), with E. C. Stedman. *
Woodrow, James. A distinguished Ameri-
can Presbyterian clergyman and educator; born
at Carlisle, England, May 30, 1828. He edited
the Southern Presbyterian Review, 1861-65,
and since 1865 has been editor of the Southern
Presbyterian. After filling several professor-
ships in various Southern colleges, he became
president of South Carolina College in 1891.
He has published many review articles, in-
cluding : (Geology and its Assailants) (1862);
(An Examination of Certain Recent Assaults
on Physical Science) (1873); (A Further Ex-
amination (1874); etc.
Woods, Mrs. Kate (Tannatt). An American
writer of juvenile tales; born in New York,
1838. Among her books are : (Six Little Reb-
els); (Out and About); (Dr. Dick); (The
Wooing of Grandmother Grey); (Grandfather
Grey); (Children's Stories ); (Toots and his
Friends); (The Duncans on Land and Sea.
Woods, Katharine Pearson. An American
writer of fiction; born in West Virginia, 1853.
Her published works include: “The Crowning
of Candace); (A Tale of King Messiah';
(From Dusk to Dawn); (A Web of Gold);
(Metzerott, Shoemaker: A Protest against So.
cial Injustice.
## p. 584 (#600) ############################################
584
WOODS - WORDSWORTH
Woods, Margaret L. A noted English novel-
ist ; born in London, 1859. She is daughter of
Dean Bradley oi Westminster, and wife of
President Woods of Trinity College, Oxford.
She has written : (A Village Tragedy) (1888);
(Esther Vanhomrigh' (1891); Vagabonds)
(1894); also (Lyrics and Ballads) (1888). *
Woodworth, Samuel. An American jour-
nalist and poet; born at Scituate, Mass. , Jan.
13, 1785; died in New York city, Dec. 9, 1842.
During the war of 1812-15 he edited, in New
York city, The War, a weekly journal, and
The Halcyon Luminary, a Swedenborgian
monthly. He was one of the founders of the
New York Mirror (1823-24); edited the Parthe-
non (1827); wrote a romantic history of the
war, called “The Champions of Freedom) (2
vols. , 1816), and several dramatic pieces. His
poetical works were published in 2 vols. in
1861. His famous poem is “The Old Oaken
Bucket.
Woolley, Mrs. Celia (Parker). An American
author and Unitarian minister at Geneva, Ill. ;
born in Ohio, 1848. She has written : (Roger
Hunt); A Girl Graduate); “Rachel Armstrong ;
or, Love and Theology.
Woolman, John. A Quaker preacher and
anti-slavery writer; born in Northampton, N. J. ,
August, 1720; died in York, England, Oct.
5, 1772. His writings contain the earliest pro-
test published in America against the slave
trade. His works include: "Some Considera-
tions on the Keeping of Negroes) (Philadel.
phia, 1753 and 1762); (Considerations on Pure
Wisdom, etc. (1708); (Considerations on the
True Harmony of Mankind, etc. (1770);
(Epistles to Quarterly Meetings of Friends,
etc. (1772). His Journal of Life and Travels)
was published in Philadelphia in 1775, and
edited by Whittier, 1871.
Woolner, Thomas. An English sculptor and
poet; born at Hadleigh, Dec. 17, 1825; died in
London, Oct. 7, 1892. He made busts of Car-
lyle and Tennyson, and a medallion portrait
of Tennyson, engraved for a frontispiece to the
Moxon edition of Tennyson. He was a Pre-
Raphaelite; and his popular poem “My Beauti-
ful Lady) (1863) first appeared in the Pre-
Raphaelite journal The Germ. His other
volumes are: Pygmalion (1881); Silenus'
(1884); and (Tiresias) (1886).
Woolsey, Sarah Chauncey. An American
author; born at Cleveland, O. , about 1845.
Under the pen-name (Susan Coolidge) she
is a popular writer, especially for children.
Some of her writings are : (The New Year's
Bargain) (1871); (What Katy Did) ( 1872);
(Verses) (1880); (A Guernsey Lily) (1881); (A
Little Country Girl (1885); and A Short His-
tory of the City of Philadelphia' (1887). She
edited : (The Diary and Letters of Mrs. De-
laney) (1878); and (The Diary and Letters of
Frances Burney, Madame D'Arblay. )
Woolsey, Theodore Dwight. An American
educator; born in New York city, Oct. 31, 1801;
died in New Haven, Conn. , July 1, 1889. He
edited the (Alcestis) of Euripides (1833); the
(Antigone) (1835), and the Electra' of Soph-
ocles (1837); the Prometheus) of Æschy-
lus (1837); and the (Gorgias) of Plato (1842).
He published his inaugural address, College
Education (1846); “Historical Discourse upon
Yale College) (1850); Introduction to the
Study of International Law) (1860); An Essay
on Divorce and Divorce Legislation) (1809);
a book of sermons, (The Religion of the Present
and the Future) (1871). He re-edited Prof.
Francis Lieber's (Civil Liberty and Self-Gov-
ernment) (1874), and his Manual of Political
Ethics) (1874). He also published a work on
Political Science) (1877), and one on Com-
munism and Socialism (1879).
Woolson, Mrs. Abba Louisa (Goold). An
American lecturer and author; born in Wind-
ham, Me. , April 30, 1838. She has given many
lectures on literary, social, historical, and dra-
matic subjects; and besides contributing to peri-
odicals has published: (Women in American
Society) (1873); Browsing among Books)
(1881); 'George Eliot and her lleroines) (1880);
and 'Dress as it Affects the Health of Women)
(1874), a series of lectures.
Woolson, Constance Fenimore. An Amer.
ican novelist and poet; born at Claremont,
N. H. , March 5, 1848; died at Venice, January
1894. Her principal books are: (Castle No-
where ) (1875); Rodman the Keeper) (1880);
(Anne) (1882); (For the Major) (1883); (East
Angels) (1886); Jupiter Lights) (1889); and
(Horace Chase) (1894). *
Worcester, Joseph Emerson. A famous
American lexicographer, author of Worces-
ter's Dictionary); born in Bedford, N. H. , Aug.
24, 1784 ; settled in Cambridge, Mass. , 1820.
and died there, Oct. 27, 1865. He graduated
at Yale in 1811, and very shortly began his life
work as a dictionary-maker. His first publi-
cation was: (A Geographical Dictionary, or
Universal Gazetteer) (1817, revised 1823); fol.
lowed by "Gazetteer of the United States) (1818);
( Elements of Geography) (1819); (Sketches of
the Earth and its Inhabitants) (1823); Elements
of History) (1826). In 1830 he published the
(Comprehensive Pronouncing and Explanatory
English Dictionary) (enlarged editions appeared
1847-49-55). In 1860 he published the great
quarto, Dictionary of the English Language)
(Illustrated), a standard authority wherever the
English tongue is spoken. .
Wordsworth, William. The great English
poet; born at Cockermouth, Cumberland, April
7, 1770; died at Rydal Mount, April 23, 1850.
He was poet-laureate, 1843. A resident of
the lake district in Westmoreland and Cum-
berland, he was one of the celebrated Lake
School” or “Lake Poets, which included
also Coleridge and Southey. Among his best-
known works were : (An Evening Walk)
(1793); 'Lyrical Ballads' (1798); two volumes of
(Poems) (1807); (The Excursion) (1814); new
edition of "Poems) (1815); (The White Doe of
(
## p. 585 (#601) ############################################
WORK - WRIGHT
585
Rylstone) (1815); (Thanksgiving Ode) (1816);
(Peter Bell) and (The Waggoner) (1819);
(Yarrow Revisited, and Other Poems) (1835);
(Sonnets) (1838); ( The Prelude) (1850); etc. *
Work, Henry Clay. A leading American
song-writer; born in Middletown, Conn. , Oct.
1, 1832; died in Hartford, Conn. , June 8, 1884.
He was highly popular in three different classes
of songs : of the War, as (Kingdom Comin',
(Wake Nicodemus,' Babylon is Fallen,
(Marching Through Georgia'; of temperance,
as Father, Dear Father, Come Home with
Me Now); sentimental, as (My Grandfather's
Clock) and Lily Dale. )
Workman, Mrs. Fanny (Bullock ). An
American writer of travels; born in Massachu-
setts, 1859. She has written : (Algerian Memo-
ries); (A Bicycle Tour over the Atlas to the
Sahara); (Sketches Awheel in Modern Iberia.
Wormeley, Katharine Prescott.
