In certain
respects
it bears a
built by Henry II.
built by Henry II.
Athenaeum - London - 1912a
4418, JUNE 29, 1912
considerable number of English news-
HOW DID THUCYDIDES WRITE Literary Gossip.
papers and periodicals. Attached to the
NUMBERS ?
In the most recent number (May, 1917, his Ministers on their recognition of Mr. ing for the old armour worn by Kathiawar
We heartily congratulate the King and library is a museum, particularly interest
of The Journal of Hellenic Studies there is
a very elaborate and learned article by Mr. E. T. Cook's valuable contributions to chieftains in former times. Part of the
Guy Dickins on Spartan history, in the letters by the bestowal of a Knighthood. museum's collection was lent to the
course of which he comes to treat of the date our pages bear abundant evidence of his Exhibition of Old Bombay held in honour
of King Kleomenes, which rests on a story work, and on the 8th inst. we paid a well- of the Imperial visit to India last year.
in Herodotus as to the origin of the Platæan merited tribute to his authoritative “MARK TIME," the author of that
alliance with Athens, and a remark of
Thucydides, whose text (as we have it)
edition of Ruskin. His career both as clever work · A Derelict Empire,' is Mr.
says that this alliance lasted 93 years, tili editor of newspapers and writer of books H. C. Irwin, an ex-member of the Indian
the destruction of Platæa by the Spartans shows his versatility.
Civil Service. Thirty years ago he pub-
(428 B. c. ). That would make Kleomenes THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS has orga- lished “The Garden of India; or, Chap-
already King of Sparta in 521 B. c. , to which nized a course of instruction, comprising ters on Oudh History and Affairs,' *
Grote saw grave objections, and suggested tutorial classes, lectures, and practical delightful account of a great Indian
that we should read 83 for 93. How were
those figures written in Thucydides's original work, in Social Organization and Public province.
text ? Mr. Dickins cites two gentlemen Service. The course, extending over one
MR. HEINEMANN announces a new book
who have re-edited Grote's history and year, will lead up to a University diploma, of essays by Mr. John Galsworthy,
reject the great man's suggestion, but who but parts of it can be taken separately. entitled The Inn of Tranquillity. It
do not give us the appearance of the figures.
He himself does (p. 28), and from the evi: Oxford, and Mr. R. S. Dower of Trinity Motley.
Mr. Henry Clay of University College, will be uniform with his former book, ' A
dence quoted by Mr. Dickins in his article
it appears that some of them imagine College, Cambridge, have been appointed THE MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS
Thucydides wrote out his figures as they University lecturers, with special reference are publishing this week 'Old Towns
appear in contemporary Attic inscriptions, to these new courses. Prof. Macgregor and New Needs,' by Mr. Paul Waterhouse,
so that the omission of a A would make the will be in charge of the scheme, and and The Town Extension Plan,' by Mr.
necessary change.
I wonder if they also among those giving instruction will be Raymond Unwin, being the Warburton
imagine that he wrote his text in separate the
square capitals, such as the texts of these (Dr. M. E. Sadler) and Prof. Gillespie, University on January 22nd and 29th last
.
Vice-Chancellor of the University Lectures on Town-Planning delivered at the
inscriptions show. Really such critics are
far behind the time in their knowledge. who will deliver a course on the Ethics The lectures will be issued in one volume,
It is now certain that in 300 b. c. cursive of Citizenship.
and will contain several maps and illus.
writing was quite ordinary on papyrus. MR. JAMES BAKER, who both publishes trations.
We have texts as old, and perhaps much and writes books, has been invited MR. HEINEM ANN will publish imme-
older than that, and there is no appearance of by the Lord Mayor of Prague to be diately a little volume entitled “The
the art being then new. Thucydides there.
fore wrote his text in a rapid (and probably the guest of the “Golden City" for Loss of the S. S. Titanic: its Story
very illegible) cursive. For his figures he the celebrations connected with the un- and its Lesson,' by Mr. Lawrence Beesley,
employed the alphabetic notation which veiling of the statue on July 1st to the one of the survivors. In it Mr. Beesley
we find in every papyrus, and which must Bohemian historian Francis Palacky. The will tell not only the history of the
be very old, as the signs for 6, 90, and 900 celebrations will last for four days, and are disaster as it has been recounted in the
are obsolete letters taken originally from linked with a great demonstration of the papers, &c. , but will also "deal with its
the Phoenician alphabet. Thucydides wrote National Sokol movement, an athletic and psychology and the superstitious beliefs
93, not in the cumbrous method Mr. Dickins
represents, but something very like or. gymnastic organization that will have
so generally entertained by the passengers
The earliest form of koph was a circle with a 12,000 members drilling at once in the and the world, the way the crowd en-
straight line falling from the lowest point of remarkable evolutions and bodily exercises countered fear, the general effect on people
that circle (0). Now I agree with Grote the Sokol originated.
afterwards when rescued, most of which
in holding that the figure 93 is wrong, but MR. S. Killby and Mr. C. W. Chamber- seem very different in actual fact from
when I regard it paleographically, I see
that the natural emendation is not s3 (IIT'), lain, who have long been on the staff of what one would suppose to be the case. "
but 73 (OT), which some early copyist might Messrs. Methuen & Co. , have been ap-
By the death of the Rev. Robert
easily mistake for Or. I am quite ready to pointed additional directors of the com- Borland, D. D. , minister of Yarrow, Sel-
give my reasons for this emendation, but pany.
kirkshire, a kindly presence has been
it implies a discussion of some length. MISS LUCY BUCKLEY LOVEDAY, of removed from this ballad-haunted vale.
All I desire to do here is to warn students Williamscote, Banbury, is collecting mate- To his zeal and interest were mainly due
not to neglect the lessons in early Greek rials with a view to publishing a Life of the memorials to Scott, Hogg the Ettrick
notation taught us by the Greek papyri Miss Catherine Maria Fanshawe. ' She Shepherd, William Laidlaw, and Words-
from Egypt and from Herculaneum. The
former, at least, contain ample specimens of would be most grateful if any reader of worth in' Yarrow Church.
arithmetic,
J. P. MAHAFFY,
The Athenæum having in his possession edition of his Yarrow, its Poets and
MSS. or etchings by Miss Fanshawe, or Poetry,' shows that he maintained his in-
papers concerning her, would be so terest in the valley where he lived for
NEXT MONTH'S MAGAZINES.
kind as to allow her to see them. She about thirty years. Besides preaching,
The Dublin Reviero for July contains an article
would take the utmost care of any such lecturing, and entertaining visitors at
“ Ideal Ward, by Canon Barry ;
"Leo XIII. and Anglican Orders,' by the editor, documents, and would return them safely. Yarrow Manse, Dr. Borland found time
Mr. Wilfrid Ward while Nr. X. P. Graves They should be forwarded to Miss Loveday to compile other volumes, such as · Border
· The Preternatural in Early Irish
at the above address,
Raids and Reivers. '
Poetry. '
of series of articles on the Russian Ballet by executed by Mr. William 0. Partridge, Saturday of Miss Sophia MacLebose
,
THE July of first A BRONZE statue of Horace Greeley,
WE regret to notice the death last
This is an illustrated-article on the ballet pe is to be erected at Chappaqua,
New York, Belonging to the well-known family of
the Post-Paris.
trouchka' by M. Georges Banks. The other
literary contents include a short story. The journalist is represented by the sculptor she took an early interest in literature
Midwife,' by Gilbert Cannan ;
'Seriousness in Art,' by Katherine Mansfield ; and in the rôle of prophet and reformer.
Her 'Tales from Špenser's Faerie Queene
a Letter from France. Poetry is represented by THE BARTON LIBRARY in the State of in modern prose are widely used in schools
,
• The Shirt, a dramatic poem by W. W. Gibson ;
Stephens 4x eandº venisti, by John Middleton India to our public libraries. Supported historian by her volumes on The Last
Two Adventures of Seumas "Beg,' by James Bhavnagar is the nearest approach in and she had made a reputation as an
There -
Simpson, Othon Friesz, Albert Marquet, and J. b. by the Maharajah as well as by private Days of the French Monarchy' and
Sempuran Othond ismale drawingset bynas, subscriptions, it has a good collection of From the Monarchy to the Republic in
Peploe, Margaret Thomson, and Georges Banks
a combination representative of the new art move-
about 7,000 volumes in addition to
o France,' which showed her powers of
ment in England and France.
Sanskrit MSS. It also subscribes for a judgment and research.
Hoste
The latest
on
one on
writos on
## p. 737 (#551) ############################################
No. 4418, JUNE 29, 1912
THE ATHENAEUM
737
.
OF
This fact is not consistent with the fly
SOCIETIES.
theory. The flies represented in the
ROYAL. -- June 20. —Sir Archibald Geikie, Presi-
SCIENCE
descending part of the curve were active dent, in the chair. -Mr. D. Elis read a paper on
flies in the same sense as those in the
' An Investigation into the Life-History of
Cladothrix dichotoma (Cohn),' communicated by
ascending part.
Mr. H. Wager,--Messrs. L. Hill and M. Flack on
In order to explain this loss of infective Pressure : I. The Salivary Secretion - Messis.
* The Relation between Secretory and Capillary
DISEASE AND THE COMMON FLY. power in the descending part of the fly G. W. Ellis and J. A. Gardner on The Origin
curve, it has been suggested that the
and Destiny of Cholesterol in the Animal Organ-
ism: Part IX. On the Cholesterol Content of
It is common knowledge that many insects become immobilized. The im- the Tissues (other than Liver) of Rabbits under
insects act as carriers of disease, and in mobilization may be due to a fungus Various Diets and during Inanition,' communi-
this way infect both man and animals. disease (empusa) which is known to
cated by Dr. A. D. Waller,-Mr. C. I. Martin on
A Note on the Protozoa from Sick Soils, with
The latest addition to disease-carriers is attack the fly and cause death. This some Account of the Life-Cycle of a Monad
the common house fly. It is only during hypothesis may be true or may not; Flagellate, communicated by Prof. E. A. Minchin,
---Mr. E. W. A. Walker on. Further Observations
the last twelve years that this insect of at present we have no evidence that the
on the Variability of Streptococci in relation to
innocent appearance has been regarded disease attacks the fly during the descent certain Fermentation Tests, together with some
with eyes of suspicion by Army medical of the curve.
Considerations bearing on its Possible Meaning,
communicated by Prof. F. Gotch,-Messrs. A.
officers and other supervisors of health in
Another point which makes it difficult Harden and w. 'J. Penfold on The Chemical
various parts of the world.
to accept the fly-mechanism theory is that, communis (Escherich) obtained by Cultivation in
Action on Glucose of a Variety of Bacillus coli
The cause of malaria has been so success- if we accept the idea of immobilization Presence of a Chloroacetate' (Preliminary Notice),
fully traced to the mosquito, and plague and then compare the curves for diarrhea -Mr. V. J. Harding on 'The Action of Enzymes on
to the rat flea, that our health authorities and typhoid, we find that it will fit the Harden,-and Prof. F. Keeble and Dr. E. F;
Hexosephosphate,' communicated by Dr. A.
are hoping to prove that the germs of case for diarrhoea, but that it will not Armstrong on · The Oxydases of Cytisus Adami,'
typhoid fever and summer diarrhea are explain the secondary rise in the typhoid coinmunicated by Prof. W. Bateson.
conveyed by the house fly. Army authori-curve which invariably takes place during
SOCIETY ANTIQUARIES. —June 13. -Dr.
ties on
the whole, according to Mr. its descent. We therefore cannot have c. H. Read, President, in the chair. -Mr. George
Howard, seem to have no doubt about it both ways. We would remind Mr. Jeffery, the Society's local secretary for Cyprus,
the influence of flies in spreading typhoid. Howard that it is far from certain that communicated a paper on the Franciscan church
They tell us in many instances that the summer diarrhea is an infectious disease at Famagusta in that island. This church was
drinking water was above suspicion ; but at all.
In certain respects it bears a
built by Henry II. de Lusignan in the year 1300,
and it appears to have been connected with the
it is certainly no easy matter on a resemblance to typhoid, but we do not royal palace by a gallery. The plan of the church
campaign to be sure that such water is know the microbe which produces it, and is somewhat peculiar, the apse, being formed
not infected, unless the Japanese plan of the evidence from hospitals and work- wide, is aisleless, consists of three bays, and is
boiling it is adopted.
houses in this country is conflicting covered with a quadripartite vault. In each bay
Among the short extracts from many on the point. In the majority of instances transeptal chapels were added at a later date.
investigators crowded into the book, the authorities say that the disease, The building is now a complete ruin, and most
of the walls are reduced to a few feet above the
it is a pity that the author did not think according to their experience, is not
ground level, but sufficient remains to make it
fit to mention
a paper read at the Royal infectious. Medical officers of health, possible to produce a complete restoration on
Society of Medicine on April 7th, 1910, on the other hand, occasionally bring paper. There are some slight remains of the
conventual buildings.
by Dr. Niven of Manchester. This is by forward cases in which adults as well as
Mr. Jeffery also communicated a paper on a
far the most comprehensive work that children are affected in the same house.
Latin bishop's tomb in the great mosque (formerly
has been done on this subject. It is the It is difficult to see, in present cir-
the cathedral of St. Nicholas) at Famagusta. The
tomb commemorates Leonegarius de Nabinalis,
result of continuous observations extending cumstances, what preventive measures Bishop of Famagusta and Tortosa, and is dated
over a period of seven years, and showing can be taken to quell the ravages of this 1365. ut consists of an incised slab; with
the relationship that exists between the fatal malady. Attention to hygienic laws, his pastoral staff, under & canopy. The in-
number of flies and the prevalence of which are at present being insisted upon scription is in Lombardic capitals.
typhoid and summer diarrhea in Man in the Schools for Mothers, will probably find of eleven British gold coins in a hollow llint
chester.
do more to mitigate the severity of the near Rochester. The designs on the coins are
The discussion that took place on the disease than any hard-and-fast rules from different dies, but are of the same type, that
paper on May 27th is highly instructive. which may be drawn up by medical evolved from the gold stater of Philip of Macedon.
Several eminent authorities looked upon officers of health. Better housing condi- of a painting once at Holveston Hall, Norfolk.
Dr. Niven’s statistics as showing that a tions and plenty of fresh air and open
The picture dates from about 1635, and shows
a stepped platform of nine stairs, on each of
correlation existed between the iy curves spaces are needed. It is a remarkable fact which stands a male figure, represented at
and the disease curves, but they insisted that among the richer classes the disease different stages of life from 10 to 90.
that correlation and causation must not is almost unknown. This would surely containing a baby, labelled 1 to show he is one
be confounded with one another.
point to the housing problem as being of year old, and to the right of the last step is a
skeleton leading away the figure of the old man
Every one agreed that the rise of the paramount importance.
of 90. The picture is interesting from the point
curve of fresh diarrhea cases followed Mr. Howard has some hard words for of view of costume. It is possible that the figure
closely the rise of the fly curve (i. e. the the American Medical Association, be- but, on the other hand, the painting is quite as
number of flies) in point of time. The cause they refuse to believe that the house likely to be a memento mori, and not a portrait
enormous increase in the number of flies fly can act as the chief cause of typhoid at all.
Mr. Edward Conder exhibited a cast of a
(the apex of the fly curve) would lead in urban districts ; they admit, however, sculptured stone tablet found at Newent, Glou-
one to expect that, at the beginning its carrying powers in regard to rural cester. The stone is of eleventh-century date,
of the fall of the fly curve, there would typhoid. Mr. Howard's suggestion that and on
one side is depicted a Crucifixion in a very
be a similar rise in the number of fresh the house fly should be called the typhoid bolding a cross and a crooked staff, surrounded
cases of diarrhæa, the flies still being fily is not acceptable to the American by smaller figures in grotesque attitudos. At the
able to convey the infective material; Medical Association. We are of opinion edge are the names of the four Evangelists and
but this does not take place.
that the latter are perfectly justified in Edred again.
June 20. -Sir Hercules Read, President, in the
On examining the curves both for flies refusing to give prominence to the fly
and summer diarrhea for five years, it
as a carrier of typhoid, when it has not chair. - The President exhibited some Anglo-
was found that the period of descent in been proved that it occupies a more including portions of two urns, an iron sword
the curve for diarrhoea was always ante- prominent place than other carriers which and shield boss, and a circular gold pendant.
The President also exhibited a Sassanian
cedent to the fall of the curve for flies.
are already well known.
silver bowl of the fifth century A. D. It is orna-
mented with figures of four men on horseback
The House Fly, Disease-Carrier. By L. O.
hunting the boar, ibex, and lion. The figures are
Howard, Ph. D. (John Murray. )
armed with a sword, with very long grip, or bow,
which is clearly of the composite form. At the
In
## p. 738 (#552) ############################################
738
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4418, JUNE 29, 1912
bottom of the bowl is a bust surrounded by con-
the digestive tube have a useful as well as a
ventional birds. The bowl is a peculiarly fine
harmful part to play.
example of Sassanian art.
Dr. P. Norman, Treasurer, and Mr. F. W. Reader
Science Gossip.
A MINOR planet discovered by Herr Palisa
read a paper on recent discoveries of Roman
remains in London, which was a sequel to one
of Vienna last October turns out to be of
read before the Society in 1906. The main points With the spread of cinematograph theatres exceptional interest on account of the
of the paper are as follows: First, an account was throughout the country, the use of uninflam. position and form of its orbit. This minute
given of four bastions of the City wall, two of mable films has become a matter of great object--not more than four or five miles
which had been partly excavated at the expense
of the Society.
importance, and we might with advantage in diameter—which is technically known as
Of these two, one on the site of
Christ's Hospital has been preserved by the Post
imitate Russia in making the sale of any MT. of 1911, has the same perihelion distance
Office authorities, while the other, under the others illegal. The collodion employed in as Eros, but an orbit of nearly double the
vestry of All Hallows-on-the-Wall, though still the manufacture of cinematograph films is eccentricity, the period being 2*6 years.
notable discovery is that of a narrowfkoman'aitch generally made from nitro-cellulose dissolved Thus although its mean distance from the
in a mixture of camphor, methylic alcohol,
outside the City wall. This was observed in
sun is considerably greater than that of
America Square, at All Hallows, and at Christ's
and ether; but the same effect can be pro- Eros, on account of the greater eccentricity
Hospital. An addition to the Roman gate at duced by the substitution for the nitro- of its orbit it will approach the earth at the
Newgate was found, which proved the width from cellulose of one of the acetylated celluloses, oppositions which occur in the neighbour-
east to west to have been about 31 ft.
or, in other words, of a cellulose prepared hood of perihelion as closely as Eros does
A tower at the Old Bailey, believed by John
with acetic instead of nitric acid. A col. in the same circumstances. It will thus,
Wykeham Archer to be medieval, was redis-
covered and carefully examined, and proved to
lodion thus prepared can be dissolved in along with the latter planet, be at these
be comparatively modern. The authors also acetone and other substances, and acetylated times our nearest celestial neighbour, with
described a piece of the south wall of the City cellulose is actually used in the produc- the exception of the moon.
found last year. This is quite different in con- tion of electrical insulators. Its high price,
struction from the Roman wall on the east,
It appears from observations of the solar
north, and west, and was probably of later date: compared with that of nitro-cellulose, has
hitherto been against its general adoption ; eclipse made by Prof. Fowler at South
MICROSCOPICAL. —June 19. -Mr. H. G. Plimmer,
but with the cheap acetone we are promised Kensington on April 17th last, that it is
President, in the chair. - A paper by Lord Avebury as a by-product of synthetic rubber, this possible to see the bright lines in the spectrum
was read, giving a short account of the develop- objection should now be overcome. Dr. of the solar chromosphere during some phases
ment of pollen and of recent researches on fertiliza- | W. K, Main in an article in the current of an eclipse which is not quito total, or
tion, which show more and more complexity. number of the Revue Scientifique gives the during the partial phase of a total eclipse.
A paper On some New Astrorhizidæ and their
Structure’ was contributed by Messrs. E. Heron-
details of its preparation, and says that it This may modify the arrangements for
Allen and Earland. Two new ecies of Psammo- is already being turned out in Germany future solar eclipses, as hitherto it has been
sphæra and one of Marsipella were described from and the United States in considerable supposed that these lines can only be seen
Sea in connexion with the work of the Inter- cinematograph films throughout the world stantaneously in total solar eclipses, when
specimens
dredged by Mr. Earland in the North quantities. He estimates the production of in the "fash” spectrum which appears in-
Dr. J. F. Gaskell communicated A Method of at 300,000 metres per day.
the chromospheric stratum round the edge
embedding Tissues in Gelatin. '
of the sun is alone uncovered by the moon.
The presentation of a testimonial and illu- PROF. METCHNIKOFF's last recipe for The Joint Permanent Eclipse Committee of
minated address to Mr. F. A. Parsons, who has long life is given in a communication made the Royal Society and the Royal Astronomical
recently retired from the post of Assistant Secre- by him and Dr. Eugène Wollmann to the Society will shortly consider the question of
tary, took place. Mr. Parsons had served the
Society for nearly sixteen years.
Académie des Sciences during this month. observation of the total eclipse of the sun
He there tells us that senile decay is in of 1914-August 21st-which will be visible
METEOROLOGICAL. . —June 19. -Dr. H. N. Dick- / great measure caused by intestinal poisons, as a total eclipse from Norway and Sweden
son, President, in the chair. -Dr. G. C. Simpson, of which indol and the phenols are among and other parts of Europe, when these newly
meteorologist to the British Antarctic Expedition the chief. These are much less readily acquired ideas may take effect.
1910, read a paper on Coronæ and Iridescent absorbed by the great intestine than is
Clouds. ' During September, 1911, he was one
of a party led by Capt. Scott to survey McMurdo
sugar, and it would, on the same authority,
Sound, and on the 24th, while enveloped in fog, be advantageous to create a source of sugar
be observed a fine fog-bow. It was opposite the in this last. The idea of the writers is,
sun, and a measurement of the radius with a therefore, to administer substances which,
tbeodolite gave 38°.
FINE ARTS
white, but å reddish tinge could be seen on the shall not be converted into sugar until
The bow was virtually owing to the presence of certain microbes,
outer side. As the fog dissipated, the upper
sky became clearer, and the sun shone over the they arrive at the great intestino. They
top of a heavy bank of fog. For some minutes conclude, that the ideal food of man would
and the diameter of this corona seemed unusually a day, with 500 or 600 grammes of clotted
the sun had a brilliant corona with bright colours, be a small quantity of meat, or 120 grammes Memories of James McNeill Whistler. By
T. R. Way. (John Lane. )
large ; but there was no opportunity to make a
measurement. As the fog still further cleared
milk acidulated by the paralactic cocco-
away, glimpses of the corona appeared again, bacillus, the remainder of the two daily IF Whistler was not a master (and the
and the fog under the sun became fairly brilliantly meals which they recommend being made point is still in dispute), at all events he
illuminated with iridescent colours, which did not
up, of vegetables, fruits, and farinaceous had more disciples than most men of
appear to be part of the corona, but in places
blended into it. During the whole period the
substances. With this they claim to have genius. Some of these disciples depress
temperature was between -15° and -21° F. The reduced the production of indoxyl and the
reduced the production of indoxyl and the us, others affect us in quite a contrary
fur of the sleeping bags and the wool of sweaters urinary phenols to a minimum.
became covered with hoarfrost. These observa-
way, and there are a few whose accounts
tions show that water can exist in the atmosphere A CURIOUS point arises with regard to of the man and artist we can be genuinely
at much lower temperatures than has, generally the experiments made by M. Michel Co. grateful for. Mr. Way writes of Whistler
generally admitted that, while halos are caused hendy at the Institut Pasteur at Paris, the worker ; for the most part he does
by the refraction and reflection of ice crystals, and recently noticed in these columns. By not dwell on the many episodes that kept
coronæ are due to diffraction effects of either isolating chickens under entirely aseptic
isolating chickens under entirely aseptic Whistler's name constantly before the
small drops of water or thin ice needles. From conditions, he has succeeded, as he
certain observations made in the Antarctic, Dr.
Simpson was led to doubt the possibility of ice
in making them live without microbes, public, episodes at once trivial and un-
crystals ever forming diffraction effects. This
His concern is to show how
and finds that their bodily strength is forgettable.
is an important question for meteorology, for, thereby fairly maintained. But their diges. the “ butterfly” toiled to produce those
if it is true, we have a powerful instrument tive organs remain charged with a higher things of beauty that dazzled younger
for determining the constitution of a cloud :
if there is a corona, the cloud must be composed tion, and it is therefore necessary for them many of them now, when they are no
proportion of the useless products of diges. contemporaries and continue to dazzle
of water, while, if there is a halo, it must be
composed of ice.
to consume a greater quantity of food than longer youthful. Some day, we suppose,
Mr. W. W. Bryant read a paper on The | animals normally brought up. When
Adoption of a Climatological Day.
such chickens are
the real truth about Whistler will come
released from their
aseptic life and allowed to run with their out. Rumours of it, indeed, have been
Mox. Royal Institution, 6. -Oeneral Meeting,
fellows, their digestive tubes are invaded already whispered by more than one
Aristotelian. 8. -A Modern Materialist, 4 Study of the
Philosophy of George Santyana,' Mr. D. L. Murray.
within twenty-four hours by millions of former devotee ; and the idol set up,
Jewish Historical Society of England, 8. 30. A Dutch Burial- bacteria without any apparent injury. to first in an exclusive by-way, and later in
health, and thereafter they generally thrive. the public market-place, is hardly so
Light throtra on Roman Scotland by the Excavations at The conclusion is drawn from this that the firm in its niche as it was a few years ago.
Faraday. 8. Electrocapillary Pulsation of a Mercury
defence of the organism against bacteria
Mod. Lewis : "On the Variation of the Conductivity of is hereditary, and not acquired; but it
There is evidence of this in Mr. Way's
may quite as well be that the bacteria in volume; not positive evidence indeed,
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Ground and its English Connexions. Rev. Isidore Harris.
TUES. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 4. 30. -The
Cappuck, near Jadbergh, in 1911-12. ' Mr. O.
considerable number of English news-
HOW DID THUCYDIDES WRITE Literary Gossip.
papers and periodicals. Attached to the
NUMBERS ?
In the most recent number (May, 1917, his Ministers on their recognition of Mr. ing for the old armour worn by Kathiawar
We heartily congratulate the King and library is a museum, particularly interest
of The Journal of Hellenic Studies there is
a very elaborate and learned article by Mr. E. T. Cook's valuable contributions to chieftains in former times. Part of the
Guy Dickins on Spartan history, in the letters by the bestowal of a Knighthood. museum's collection was lent to the
course of which he comes to treat of the date our pages bear abundant evidence of his Exhibition of Old Bombay held in honour
of King Kleomenes, which rests on a story work, and on the 8th inst. we paid a well- of the Imperial visit to India last year.
in Herodotus as to the origin of the Platæan merited tribute to his authoritative “MARK TIME," the author of that
alliance with Athens, and a remark of
Thucydides, whose text (as we have it)
edition of Ruskin. His career both as clever work · A Derelict Empire,' is Mr.
says that this alliance lasted 93 years, tili editor of newspapers and writer of books H. C. Irwin, an ex-member of the Indian
the destruction of Platæa by the Spartans shows his versatility.
Civil Service. Thirty years ago he pub-
(428 B. c. ). That would make Kleomenes THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS has orga- lished “The Garden of India; or, Chap-
already King of Sparta in 521 B. c. , to which nized a course of instruction, comprising ters on Oudh History and Affairs,' *
Grote saw grave objections, and suggested tutorial classes, lectures, and practical delightful account of a great Indian
that we should read 83 for 93. How were
those figures written in Thucydides's original work, in Social Organization and Public province.
text ? Mr. Dickins cites two gentlemen Service. The course, extending over one
MR. HEINEMANN announces a new book
who have re-edited Grote's history and year, will lead up to a University diploma, of essays by Mr. John Galsworthy,
reject the great man's suggestion, but who but parts of it can be taken separately. entitled The Inn of Tranquillity. It
do not give us the appearance of the figures.
He himself does (p. 28), and from the evi: Oxford, and Mr. R. S. Dower of Trinity Motley.
Mr. Henry Clay of University College, will be uniform with his former book, ' A
dence quoted by Mr. Dickins in his article
it appears that some of them imagine College, Cambridge, have been appointed THE MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS
Thucydides wrote out his figures as they University lecturers, with special reference are publishing this week 'Old Towns
appear in contemporary Attic inscriptions, to these new courses. Prof. Macgregor and New Needs,' by Mr. Paul Waterhouse,
so that the omission of a A would make the will be in charge of the scheme, and and The Town Extension Plan,' by Mr.
necessary change.
I wonder if they also among those giving instruction will be Raymond Unwin, being the Warburton
imagine that he wrote his text in separate the
square capitals, such as the texts of these (Dr. M. E. Sadler) and Prof. Gillespie, University on January 22nd and 29th last
.
Vice-Chancellor of the University Lectures on Town-Planning delivered at the
inscriptions show. Really such critics are
far behind the time in their knowledge. who will deliver a course on the Ethics The lectures will be issued in one volume,
It is now certain that in 300 b. c. cursive of Citizenship.
and will contain several maps and illus.
writing was quite ordinary on papyrus. MR. JAMES BAKER, who both publishes trations.
We have texts as old, and perhaps much and writes books, has been invited MR. HEINEM ANN will publish imme-
older than that, and there is no appearance of by the Lord Mayor of Prague to be diately a little volume entitled “The
the art being then new. Thucydides there.
fore wrote his text in a rapid (and probably the guest of the “Golden City" for Loss of the S. S. Titanic: its Story
very illegible) cursive. For his figures he the celebrations connected with the un- and its Lesson,' by Mr. Lawrence Beesley,
employed the alphabetic notation which veiling of the statue on July 1st to the one of the survivors. In it Mr. Beesley
we find in every papyrus, and which must Bohemian historian Francis Palacky. The will tell not only the history of the
be very old, as the signs for 6, 90, and 900 celebrations will last for four days, and are disaster as it has been recounted in the
are obsolete letters taken originally from linked with a great demonstration of the papers, &c. , but will also "deal with its
the Phoenician alphabet. Thucydides wrote National Sokol movement, an athletic and psychology and the superstitious beliefs
93, not in the cumbrous method Mr. Dickins
represents, but something very like or. gymnastic organization that will have
so generally entertained by the passengers
The earliest form of koph was a circle with a 12,000 members drilling at once in the and the world, the way the crowd en-
straight line falling from the lowest point of remarkable evolutions and bodily exercises countered fear, the general effect on people
that circle (0). Now I agree with Grote the Sokol originated.
afterwards when rescued, most of which
in holding that the figure 93 is wrong, but MR. S. Killby and Mr. C. W. Chamber- seem very different in actual fact from
when I regard it paleographically, I see
that the natural emendation is not s3 (IIT'), lain, who have long been on the staff of what one would suppose to be the case. "
but 73 (OT), which some early copyist might Messrs. Methuen & Co. , have been ap-
By the death of the Rev. Robert
easily mistake for Or. I am quite ready to pointed additional directors of the com- Borland, D. D. , minister of Yarrow, Sel-
give my reasons for this emendation, but pany.
kirkshire, a kindly presence has been
it implies a discussion of some length. MISS LUCY BUCKLEY LOVEDAY, of removed from this ballad-haunted vale.
All I desire to do here is to warn students Williamscote, Banbury, is collecting mate- To his zeal and interest were mainly due
not to neglect the lessons in early Greek rials with a view to publishing a Life of the memorials to Scott, Hogg the Ettrick
notation taught us by the Greek papyri Miss Catherine Maria Fanshawe. ' She Shepherd, William Laidlaw, and Words-
from Egypt and from Herculaneum. The
former, at least, contain ample specimens of would be most grateful if any reader of worth in' Yarrow Church.
arithmetic,
J. P. MAHAFFY,
The Athenæum having in his possession edition of his Yarrow, its Poets and
MSS. or etchings by Miss Fanshawe, or Poetry,' shows that he maintained his in-
papers concerning her, would be so terest in the valley where he lived for
NEXT MONTH'S MAGAZINES.
kind as to allow her to see them. She about thirty years. Besides preaching,
The Dublin Reviero for July contains an article
would take the utmost care of any such lecturing, and entertaining visitors at
“ Ideal Ward, by Canon Barry ;
"Leo XIII. and Anglican Orders,' by the editor, documents, and would return them safely. Yarrow Manse, Dr. Borland found time
Mr. Wilfrid Ward while Nr. X. P. Graves They should be forwarded to Miss Loveday to compile other volumes, such as · Border
· The Preternatural in Early Irish
at the above address,
Raids and Reivers. '
Poetry. '
of series of articles on the Russian Ballet by executed by Mr. William 0. Partridge, Saturday of Miss Sophia MacLebose
,
THE July of first A BRONZE statue of Horace Greeley,
WE regret to notice the death last
This is an illustrated-article on the ballet pe is to be erected at Chappaqua,
New York, Belonging to the well-known family of
the Post-Paris.
trouchka' by M. Georges Banks. The other
literary contents include a short story. The journalist is represented by the sculptor she took an early interest in literature
Midwife,' by Gilbert Cannan ;
'Seriousness in Art,' by Katherine Mansfield ; and in the rôle of prophet and reformer.
Her 'Tales from Špenser's Faerie Queene
a Letter from France. Poetry is represented by THE BARTON LIBRARY in the State of in modern prose are widely used in schools
,
• The Shirt, a dramatic poem by W. W. Gibson ;
Stephens 4x eandº venisti, by John Middleton India to our public libraries. Supported historian by her volumes on The Last
Two Adventures of Seumas "Beg,' by James Bhavnagar is the nearest approach in and she had made a reputation as an
There -
Simpson, Othon Friesz, Albert Marquet, and J. b. by the Maharajah as well as by private Days of the French Monarchy' and
Sempuran Othond ismale drawingset bynas, subscriptions, it has a good collection of From the Monarchy to the Republic in
Peploe, Margaret Thomson, and Georges Banks
a combination representative of the new art move-
about 7,000 volumes in addition to
o France,' which showed her powers of
ment in England and France.
Sanskrit MSS. It also subscribes for a judgment and research.
Hoste
The latest
on
one on
writos on
## p. 737 (#551) ############################################
No. 4418, JUNE 29, 1912
THE ATHENAEUM
737
.
OF
This fact is not consistent with the fly
SOCIETIES.
theory. The flies represented in the
ROYAL. -- June 20. —Sir Archibald Geikie, Presi-
SCIENCE
descending part of the curve were active dent, in the chair. -Mr. D. Elis read a paper on
flies in the same sense as those in the
' An Investigation into the Life-History of
Cladothrix dichotoma (Cohn),' communicated by
ascending part.
Mr. H. Wager,--Messrs. L. Hill and M. Flack on
In order to explain this loss of infective Pressure : I. The Salivary Secretion - Messis.
* The Relation between Secretory and Capillary
DISEASE AND THE COMMON FLY. power in the descending part of the fly G. W. Ellis and J. A. Gardner on The Origin
curve, it has been suggested that the
and Destiny of Cholesterol in the Animal Organ-
ism: Part IX. On the Cholesterol Content of
It is common knowledge that many insects become immobilized. The im- the Tissues (other than Liver) of Rabbits under
insects act as carriers of disease, and in mobilization may be due to a fungus Various Diets and during Inanition,' communi-
this way infect both man and animals. disease (empusa) which is known to
cated by Dr. A. D. Waller,-Mr. C. I. Martin on
A Note on the Protozoa from Sick Soils, with
The latest addition to disease-carriers is attack the fly and cause death. This some Account of the Life-Cycle of a Monad
the common house fly. It is only during hypothesis may be true or may not; Flagellate, communicated by Prof. E. A. Minchin,
---Mr. E. W. A. Walker on. Further Observations
the last twelve years that this insect of at present we have no evidence that the
on the Variability of Streptococci in relation to
innocent appearance has been regarded disease attacks the fly during the descent certain Fermentation Tests, together with some
with eyes of suspicion by Army medical of the curve.
Considerations bearing on its Possible Meaning,
communicated by Prof. F. Gotch,-Messrs. A.
officers and other supervisors of health in
Another point which makes it difficult Harden and w. 'J. Penfold on The Chemical
various parts of the world.
to accept the fly-mechanism theory is that, communis (Escherich) obtained by Cultivation in
Action on Glucose of a Variety of Bacillus coli
The cause of malaria has been so success- if we accept the idea of immobilization Presence of a Chloroacetate' (Preliminary Notice),
fully traced to the mosquito, and plague and then compare the curves for diarrhea -Mr. V. J. Harding on 'The Action of Enzymes on
to the rat flea, that our health authorities and typhoid, we find that it will fit the Harden,-and Prof. F. Keeble and Dr. E. F;
Hexosephosphate,' communicated by Dr. A.
are hoping to prove that the germs of case for diarrhoea, but that it will not Armstrong on · The Oxydases of Cytisus Adami,'
typhoid fever and summer diarrhea are explain the secondary rise in the typhoid coinmunicated by Prof. W. Bateson.
conveyed by the house fly. Army authori-curve which invariably takes place during
SOCIETY ANTIQUARIES. —June 13. -Dr.
ties on
the whole, according to Mr. its descent. We therefore cannot have c. H. Read, President, in the chair. -Mr. George
Howard, seem to have no doubt about it both ways. We would remind Mr. Jeffery, the Society's local secretary for Cyprus,
the influence of flies in spreading typhoid. Howard that it is far from certain that communicated a paper on the Franciscan church
They tell us in many instances that the summer diarrhea is an infectious disease at Famagusta in that island. This church was
drinking water was above suspicion ; but at all.
In certain respects it bears a
built by Henry II. de Lusignan in the year 1300,
and it appears to have been connected with the
it is certainly no easy matter on a resemblance to typhoid, but we do not royal palace by a gallery. The plan of the church
campaign to be sure that such water is know the microbe which produces it, and is somewhat peculiar, the apse, being formed
not infected, unless the Japanese plan of the evidence from hospitals and work- wide, is aisleless, consists of three bays, and is
boiling it is adopted.
houses in this country is conflicting covered with a quadripartite vault. In each bay
Among the short extracts from many on the point. In the majority of instances transeptal chapels were added at a later date.
investigators crowded into the book, the authorities say that the disease, The building is now a complete ruin, and most
of the walls are reduced to a few feet above the
it is a pity that the author did not think according to their experience, is not
ground level, but sufficient remains to make it
fit to mention
a paper read at the Royal infectious. Medical officers of health, possible to produce a complete restoration on
Society of Medicine on April 7th, 1910, on the other hand, occasionally bring paper. There are some slight remains of the
conventual buildings.
by Dr. Niven of Manchester. This is by forward cases in which adults as well as
Mr. Jeffery also communicated a paper on a
far the most comprehensive work that children are affected in the same house.
Latin bishop's tomb in the great mosque (formerly
has been done on this subject. It is the It is difficult to see, in present cir-
the cathedral of St. Nicholas) at Famagusta. The
tomb commemorates Leonegarius de Nabinalis,
result of continuous observations extending cumstances, what preventive measures Bishop of Famagusta and Tortosa, and is dated
over a period of seven years, and showing can be taken to quell the ravages of this 1365. ut consists of an incised slab; with
the relationship that exists between the fatal malady. Attention to hygienic laws, his pastoral staff, under & canopy. The in-
number of flies and the prevalence of which are at present being insisted upon scription is in Lombardic capitals.
typhoid and summer diarrhea in Man in the Schools for Mothers, will probably find of eleven British gold coins in a hollow llint
chester.
do more to mitigate the severity of the near Rochester. The designs on the coins are
The discussion that took place on the disease than any hard-and-fast rules from different dies, but are of the same type, that
paper on May 27th is highly instructive. which may be drawn up by medical evolved from the gold stater of Philip of Macedon.
Several eminent authorities looked upon officers of health. Better housing condi- of a painting once at Holveston Hall, Norfolk.
Dr. Niven’s statistics as showing that a tions and plenty of fresh air and open
The picture dates from about 1635, and shows
a stepped platform of nine stairs, on each of
correlation existed between the iy curves spaces are needed. It is a remarkable fact which stands a male figure, represented at
and the disease curves, but they insisted that among the richer classes the disease different stages of life from 10 to 90.
that correlation and causation must not is almost unknown. This would surely containing a baby, labelled 1 to show he is one
be confounded with one another.
point to the housing problem as being of year old, and to the right of the last step is a
skeleton leading away the figure of the old man
Every one agreed that the rise of the paramount importance.
of 90. The picture is interesting from the point
curve of fresh diarrhea cases followed Mr. Howard has some hard words for of view of costume. It is possible that the figure
closely the rise of the fly curve (i. e. the the American Medical Association, be- but, on the other hand, the painting is quite as
number of flies) in point of time. The cause they refuse to believe that the house likely to be a memento mori, and not a portrait
enormous increase in the number of flies fly can act as the chief cause of typhoid at all.
Mr. Edward Conder exhibited a cast of a
(the apex of the fly curve) would lead in urban districts ; they admit, however, sculptured stone tablet found at Newent, Glou-
one to expect that, at the beginning its carrying powers in regard to rural cester. The stone is of eleventh-century date,
of the fall of the fly curve, there would typhoid. Mr. Howard's suggestion that and on
one side is depicted a Crucifixion in a very
be a similar rise in the number of fresh the house fly should be called the typhoid bolding a cross and a crooked staff, surrounded
cases of diarrhæa, the flies still being fily is not acceptable to the American by smaller figures in grotesque attitudos. At the
able to convey the infective material; Medical Association. We are of opinion edge are the names of the four Evangelists and
but this does not take place.
that the latter are perfectly justified in Edred again.
June 20. -Sir Hercules Read, President, in the
On examining the curves both for flies refusing to give prominence to the fly
and summer diarrhea for five years, it
as a carrier of typhoid, when it has not chair. - The President exhibited some Anglo-
was found that the period of descent in been proved that it occupies a more including portions of two urns, an iron sword
the curve for diarrhoea was always ante- prominent place than other carriers which and shield boss, and a circular gold pendant.
The President also exhibited a Sassanian
cedent to the fall of the curve for flies.
are already well known.
silver bowl of the fifth century A. D. It is orna-
mented with figures of four men on horseback
The House Fly, Disease-Carrier. By L. O.
hunting the boar, ibex, and lion. The figures are
Howard, Ph. D. (John Murray. )
armed with a sword, with very long grip, or bow,
which is clearly of the composite form. At the
In
## p. 738 (#552) ############################################
738
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4418, JUNE 29, 1912
bottom of the bowl is a bust surrounded by con-
the digestive tube have a useful as well as a
ventional birds. The bowl is a peculiarly fine
harmful part to play.
example of Sassanian art.
Dr. P. Norman, Treasurer, and Mr. F. W. Reader
Science Gossip.
A MINOR planet discovered by Herr Palisa
read a paper on recent discoveries of Roman
remains in London, which was a sequel to one
of Vienna last October turns out to be of
read before the Society in 1906. The main points With the spread of cinematograph theatres exceptional interest on account of the
of the paper are as follows: First, an account was throughout the country, the use of uninflam. position and form of its orbit. This minute
given of four bastions of the City wall, two of mable films has become a matter of great object--not more than four or five miles
which had been partly excavated at the expense
of the Society.
importance, and we might with advantage in diameter—which is technically known as
Of these two, one on the site of
Christ's Hospital has been preserved by the Post
imitate Russia in making the sale of any MT. of 1911, has the same perihelion distance
Office authorities, while the other, under the others illegal. The collodion employed in as Eros, but an orbit of nearly double the
vestry of All Hallows-on-the-Wall, though still the manufacture of cinematograph films is eccentricity, the period being 2*6 years.
notable discovery is that of a narrowfkoman'aitch generally made from nitro-cellulose dissolved Thus although its mean distance from the
in a mixture of camphor, methylic alcohol,
outside the City wall. This was observed in
sun is considerably greater than that of
America Square, at All Hallows, and at Christ's
and ether; but the same effect can be pro- Eros, on account of the greater eccentricity
Hospital. An addition to the Roman gate at duced by the substitution for the nitro- of its orbit it will approach the earth at the
Newgate was found, which proved the width from cellulose of one of the acetylated celluloses, oppositions which occur in the neighbour-
east to west to have been about 31 ft.
or, in other words, of a cellulose prepared hood of perihelion as closely as Eros does
A tower at the Old Bailey, believed by John
with acetic instead of nitric acid. A col. in the same circumstances. It will thus,
Wykeham Archer to be medieval, was redis-
covered and carefully examined, and proved to
lodion thus prepared can be dissolved in along with the latter planet, be at these
be comparatively modern. The authors also acetone and other substances, and acetylated times our nearest celestial neighbour, with
described a piece of the south wall of the City cellulose is actually used in the produc- the exception of the moon.
found last year. This is quite different in con- tion of electrical insulators. Its high price,
struction from the Roman wall on the east,
It appears from observations of the solar
north, and west, and was probably of later date: compared with that of nitro-cellulose, has
hitherto been against its general adoption ; eclipse made by Prof. Fowler at South
MICROSCOPICAL. —June 19. -Mr. H. G. Plimmer,
but with the cheap acetone we are promised Kensington on April 17th last, that it is
President, in the chair. - A paper by Lord Avebury as a by-product of synthetic rubber, this possible to see the bright lines in the spectrum
was read, giving a short account of the develop- objection should now be overcome. Dr. of the solar chromosphere during some phases
ment of pollen and of recent researches on fertiliza- | W. K, Main in an article in the current of an eclipse which is not quito total, or
tion, which show more and more complexity. number of the Revue Scientifique gives the during the partial phase of a total eclipse.
A paper On some New Astrorhizidæ and their
Structure’ was contributed by Messrs. E. Heron-
details of its preparation, and says that it This may modify the arrangements for
Allen and Earland. Two new ecies of Psammo- is already being turned out in Germany future solar eclipses, as hitherto it has been
sphæra and one of Marsipella were described from and the United States in considerable supposed that these lines can only be seen
Sea in connexion with the work of the Inter- cinematograph films throughout the world stantaneously in total solar eclipses, when
specimens
dredged by Mr. Earland in the North quantities. He estimates the production of in the "fash” spectrum which appears in-
Dr. J. F. Gaskell communicated A Method of at 300,000 metres per day.
the chromospheric stratum round the edge
embedding Tissues in Gelatin. '
of the sun is alone uncovered by the moon.
The presentation of a testimonial and illu- PROF. METCHNIKOFF's last recipe for The Joint Permanent Eclipse Committee of
minated address to Mr. F. A. Parsons, who has long life is given in a communication made the Royal Society and the Royal Astronomical
recently retired from the post of Assistant Secre- by him and Dr. Eugène Wollmann to the Society will shortly consider the question of
tary, took place. Mr. Parsons had served the
Society for nearly sixteen years.
Académie des Sciences during this month. observation of the total eclipse of the sun
He there tells us that senile decay is in of 1914-August 21st-which will be visible
METEOROLOGICAL. . —June 19. -Dr. H. N. Dick- / great measure caused by intestinal poisons, as a total eclipse from Norway and Sweden
son, President, in the chair. -Dr. G. C. Simpson, of which indol and the phenols are among and other parts of Europe, when these newly
meteorologist to the British Antarctic Expedition the chief. These are much less readily acquired ideas may take effect.
1910, read a paper on Coronæ and Iridescent absorbed by the great intestine than is
Clouds. ' During September, 1911, he was one
of a party led by Capt. Scott to survey McMurdo
sugar, and it would, on the same authority,
Sound, and on the 24th, while enveloped in fog, be advantageous to create a source of sugar
be observed a fine fog-bow. It was opposite the in this last. The idea of the writers is,
sun, and a measurement of the radius with a therefore, to administer substances which,
tbeodolite gave 38°.
FINE ARTS
white, but å reddish tinge could be seen on the shall not be converted into sugar until
The bow was virtually owing to the presence of certain microbes,
outer side. As the fog dissipated, the upper
sky became clearer, and the sun shone over the they arrive at the great intestino. They
top of a heavy bank of fog. For some minutes conclude, that the ideal food of man would
and the diameter of this corona seemed unusually a day, with 500 or 600 grammes of clotted
the sun had a brilliant corona with bright colours, be a small quantity of meat, or 120 grammes Memories of James McNeill Whistler. By
T. R. Way. (John Lane. )
large ; but there was no opportunity to make a
measurement. As the fog still further cleared
milk acidulated by the paralactic cocco-
away, glimpses of the corona appeared again, bacillus, the remainder of the two daily IF Whistler was not a master (and the
and the fog under the sun became fairly brilliantly meals which they recommend being made point is still in dispute), at all events he
illuminated with iridescent colours, which did not
up, of vegetables, fruits, and farinaceous had more disciples than most men of
appear to be part of the corona, but in places
blended into it. During the whole period the
substances. With this they claim to have genius. Some of these disciples depress
temperature was between -15° and -21° F. The reduced the production of indoxyl and the
reduced the production of indoxyl and the us, others affect us in quite a contrary
fur of the sleeping bags and the wool of sweaters urinary phenols to a minimum.
became covered with hoarfrost. These observa-
way, and there are a few whose accounts
tions show that water can exist in the atmosphere A CURIOUS point arises with regard to of the man and artist we can be genuinely
at much lower temperatures than has, generally the experiments made by M. Michel Co. grateful for. Mr. Way writes of Whistler
generally admitted that, while halos are caused hendy at the Institut Pasteur at Paris, the worker ; for the most part he does
by the refraction and reflection of ice crystals, and recently noticed in these columns. By not dwell on the many episodes that kept
coronæ are due to diffraction effects of either isolating chickens under entirely aseptic
isolating chickens under entirely aseptic Whistler's name constantly before the
small drops of water or thin ice needles. From conditions, he has succeeded, as he
certain observations made in the Antarctic, Dr.
Simpson was led to doubt the possibility of ice
in making them live without microbes, public, episodes at once trivial and un-
crystals ever forming diffraction effects. This
His concern is to show how
and finds that their bodily strength is forgettable.
is an important question for meteorology, for, thereby fairly maintained. But their diges. the “ butterfly” toiled to produce those
if it is true, we have a powerful instrument tive organs remain charged with a higher things of beauty that dazzled younger
for determining the constitution of a cloud :
if there is a corona, the cloud must be composed tion, and it is therefore necessary for them many of them now, when they are no
proportion of the useless products of diges. contemporaries and continue to dazzle
of water, while, if there is a halo, it must be
composed of ice.
to consume a greater quantity of food than longer youthful. Some day, we suppose,
Mr. W. W. Bryant read a paper on The | animals normally brought up. When
Adoption of a Climatological Day.
such chickens are
the real truth about Whistler will come
released from their
aseptic life and allowed to run with their out. Rumours of it, indeed, have been
Mox. Royal Institution, 6. -Oeneral Meeting,
fellows, their digestive tubes are invaded already whispered by more than one
Aristotelian. 8. -A Modern Materialist, 4 Study of the
Philosophy of George Santyana,' Mr. D. L. Murray.
within twenty-four hours by millions of former devotee ; and the idol set up,
Jewish Historical Society of England, 8. 30. A Dutch Burial- bacteria without any apparent injury. to first in an exclusive by-way, and later in
health, and thereafter they generally thrive. the public market-place, is hardly so
Light throtra on Roman Scotland by the Excavations at The conclusion is drawn from this that the firm in its niche as it was a few years ago.
Faraday. 8. Electrocapillary Pulsation of a Mercury
defence of the organism against bacteria
Mod. Lewis : "On the Variation of the Conductivity of is hereditary, and not acquired; but it
There is evidence of this in Mr. Way's
may quite as well be that the bacteria in volume; not positive evidence indeed,
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Ground and its English Connexions. Rev. Isidore Harris.
TUES. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 4. 30. -The
Cappuck, near Jadbergh, in 1911-12. ' Mr. O.
