The stories of his bravery
and beauty, sung by the troubadours of those days, were count-
less; nor was any one more often mentioned, as stout knight and
## p.
and beauty, sung by the troubadours of those days, were count-
less; nor was any one more often mentioned, as stout knight and
## p.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v20 - Phi to Qui
He approached me.
"Are you not seeking me? " he inquired. "I know that my
intentions have given you mortal offense, and that the death of
one of us is indispensable: let us see who is to be the happy
man. "
I replied that such was unquestionably the fact; and that noth-
ing but death could end the difference between us.
We retired about one hundred paces out of the town. We
drew: I wounded and disarmed him at the first onset.
He was
so enraged that he peremptorily refused either to ask his life or
renounce his claims to Manon. I might have been perhaps justi-
fied in ending both by a single blow; but noble blood ever vindi-
cates its origin. I threw him back his sword. "Let us renew
the struggle," said I to him, "and remember that there shall be
now no quarter. " He attacked me with redoubled fury. I must
confess that I was not an accomplished 'swordsman, having had
but three months' tuition at Paris. Love, however, guided my
weapon. Synnelet pierced me through and through the left arm;
but I caught him whilst thus engaged, and made so vigorous a
thrust that I stretched him senseless at my feet.
In spite of the triumphant feeling that victory, after a mortal
conflict, inspires, I was immediately horrified by the certain con-
sequences of this death. There could not be the slightest hope
of either pardon or respite from the vengeance I had thus in-
curred. I was so well aware of the affection of the governor
for his nephew that I felt perfectly sure my death would not be
delayed a single hour after his should become known. Urgent
## p. 11815 (#445) ##########################################
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PRÉVOST D'EXILES
11815
as this apprehension was, it still was by no means the principal
source of my uneasiness. Manon, the welfare of Manon, the peril
that impended over her, and the certainty of my being now at
length separated from her, afflicted me to such a degree that I
was incapable of recognizing the place in which I stood. I re-
gretted Synnelet's death; instant suicide seemed the only remedy
for my woes.
However, it was this very thought that quickly restored me
to my reason, and enabled me to form a resolution. "What! "
said I to myself: "die, in order to end my pain? Then there is
something I dread more than the loss of all I love! No, let me
suffer the cruelest extremities in order to aid her; and when
these prove of no avail, fly to death as a last resource! "
I returned towards the town; on my arrival at home I found
Manon half dead with fright and anxiety; my presence restored
her. I could not conceal from her the terrible accident that had
happened. On my mentioning the death of Synnelet and my
own wound, she fell in a state of insensibility into my arms. It
was a quarter of an hour before I could bring her again to her
senses.
I was myself in a most deplorable state of mind; I could not
discern the slightest prospect of safety for either of us. "Manon,"
said I to her, when she had recovered a little, "what shall we
do? Alas, what hope remains to us? I must necessarily fly.
Will you remain in the town? Yes, dearest Manon, do remain;
you may possibly still be happy here: while I, far away from
you, may seek death and find it amongst the savages or the wild
beasts. "
>>
She raised herself in spite of her weakness, and taking hold
of my hand to lead me towards the door,-"Let us," said she,
"fly together: we have not a moment to lose; Synnelet's body may
be found by chance, and we shall then have no time to escape. '
"But, dear Manon," replied I, "to what place can we fly?
Do you perceive any resource? Would it not be better that you
should endeavor to live on without me, and that I should go
and voluntarily place my life in the governor's hands? "
This proposal had only the effect of making her more impa-
tient for our departure. I had presence of mind enough, on
going out, to take with me some strong liquors which I had in
my chamber, and as much food as I could carry in my pockets.
We told our servants, who were in the adjoining room, that we
## p. 11816 (#446) ##########################################
11816
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PRÉVOST D'EXILES
were going to take our evening walk, as was our invariable
habit; and we left the town behind us more rapidly than I had
thought possible from Manon's delicate state of health.
Although I had not formed any resolve as to our future
destination, I still cherished a hope, without which I should have
infinitely preferred death to my suspense about Manon's safety.
I had acquired a sufficient knowledge of the country, during
nearly ten months which I had now passed in America, to know
in what manner the natives should be approached. Death was
not the necessary consequence of falling into their hands. I had
learned a few words of their language, and some of their cus-
toms, having had many opportunities of seeing them.
Besides this sad resource, I derived some hopes from the fact
that the English had, like ourselves, established colonies in this
part of the New World. But the distance was terrific. In order
to reach them we should have to traverse deserts of many days'
journey, and more than one range of mountains so steep and
vast as to seem almost impassable to the strongest man. I
nevertheless flattered myself that we might derive partial relief
from one or other of these sources: the savages might serve us
as guides, and the English receive us in their settlements.
We journeyed on as long as Manon's strength would permit,
-that is to say, about six miles; for this incomparable creature,
with her usual absence of selfishness, refused my repeated en-
treaties to stop. Overpowered at length by fatigue, she acknowl-
edged the utter impossibility of proceeding further.
It was
already night; we sat down in the midst of an extensive plain,
where we could not even find a tree to shelter us. Her first
care was to dress my wound, which she had bandaged before our
departure. I in vain entreated her to desist from exertion; it
would have only added to her distress if I had refused her the
satisfaction of seeing me at ease and out of danger before her
own wants were attended to. I allowed her therefore to gratify
herself, and in shame and silence submitted to her delicate atten-
tions.
But when she had completed her tender task, with what ardor
did I not enter upon mine! I took off my clothes and stretched
them under her, to render more endurable the hard and rugged
ground on which she lay. I protected her delicate hands from
the cold by my burning kisses and the warmth of my sighs.
I passed the livelong night in watching over her as she slept,
## p. 11817 (#447) ##########################################
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PRÉVOST D'EXILES
11817
and praying Heaven to refresh her with soft and undisturbed
repose. Thou canst bear witness, just and all-seeing God! to the
fervor and sincerity of those prayers, and thou alone knowest
with what awful rigor they were rejected!
You will excuse me, if I now cut short a story which it
distresses me beyond endurance to relate. It is, I believe, a
calamity without parallel. I can never cease to deplore it. But
although it continues, of course, deeply and indelibly impressed
on my memory, yet my heart seems to shrink within me each
time that I attempt the recital.
We had thus tranquilly passed the night. I had fondly im-
agined that my beloved mistress was in a profound sleep, and I
hardly dared to breathe lest I should disturb her. As day broke,
I observed that her hands were cold and trembling; I pressed
them to my bosom in the hope of restoring animation. This
movement roused her attention; and making an effort to grasp
my hand, she said in a feeble voice that she thought her last
moments had arrived.
I at first took this for a passing weakness, or the ordinary
language of distress; and I answered with the usual consolations
that love prompted. But her incessant sighs, her silence and
inattention to my inquiries, the convulsive grasp of her hands in
which she retained mine, soon convinced me that the crowning
end of all my miseries was approaching.
Do not now expect me to attempt a description of my feel-
ings, or to repeat her dying expressions. I lost her. I received
the purest assurances of her love even at the very instant that
her spirit fled. I have not nerve to say more upon this fatal and
disastrous event.
My spirit was not destined to accompany Manon's. Doubt-
less Heaven did not as yet consider me sufficiently punished, and
therefore ordained that I should continue to drag on a languid
and joyless existence. I willingly renounced every hope of lead-
ing a happy one.
I remained for twenty-four hours without taking my lips from
the still beauteous countenance and hands of my adored Manon.
My intention was to await my own death in that position; but
at the beginning of the second day I reflected that after I was
gone, she must of necessity become the prey of wild beasts.
then determined to bury her, and wait my own doom upon her
grave. I was already, indeed, so near my end from the combined
I
## p. 11818 (#448) ##########################################
11818
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PRÉVOST D'EXILES
effect of long fasting and grief, that it was with the greatest
difficulty I could support myself standing. I was obliged to Have
recourse to the liquors which I had brought with me, and these
restored sufficient strength to enable me to set about my last sad
office. From the sandy nature of the soil there was little trouble
in opening the ground. I broke my sword and used it for the
purpose; but my bare hands were of greater service. I dug a
deep grave, and there deposited the idol of my heart, after hav-
ing wrapped around her my clothes to prevent the sand from
touching her. I kissed her ten thousand times with all the ardor
of the most glowing love, before I laid her in this melancholy
bed. I sat for some time upon the bank intently gazing on her,
and could not command fortitude enough to close the grave over
her. At length, feeling that my strength was giving way, and
apprehensive of its being entirely exhausted before the completion.
of my task, I committed to the earth all that it had ever con-
tained most perfect and peerless. I then laid myself with my
face down upon the grave; and closing my eyes with the deter-
mination never again to open them, I invoked the mercy of
Heaven, and ardently prayed for death.
You will find it difficult to believe that during the whole time
of this protracted and distressing ceremony, not a tear or a sigh
escaped to relieve my agony. The state of profound affliction in
which I was, and the deep settled resolution I had taken to die,
had silenced the sighs of despair, and effectually dried up the
ordinary channels of grief. It was thus impossible for me, in this
posture upon the grave, to continue for any time in possession of
my faculties.
After what you have listened to, the remainder of my own
history would ill repay the attention you seem inclined to bestow
upon it.
Synnelet having been carried into the town and skill-
fully examined, it was found that so far from being dead, he
was not even dangerously wounded. He informed his uncle of
the manner in which the affray had occurred between us, and he
generously did justice to my conduct on the occasion. I was sent
for; and as neither of us could be found, our flight was imme-
diately suspected. It was then too late to attempt to trace me,
but the next day and the following one were employed in the
pursuit.
I was found, without any appearance of life, upon the grave
of Manon; and the persons who discovered me in this situation,
## p. 11819 (#449) ##########################################
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PRÉVOST D'EXILES
11819
seeing that I was almost naked, and bleeding from my wounds,
naturally supposed that I had been robbed and assassinated.
They carried me into the town. The motion restored me to my
senses. The sighs I heaved on opening my eyes and finding
myself still amongst the living, showed that I was not beyond
the reach of art: they were but too successful in its application.
I was immediately confined as a close prisoner. My trial was
ordered; and as Manon was not forthcoming, I was accused of
having murdered her from rage and jealousy. I naturally related
all that had occurred. Synnelet, though bitterly grieved and dis-
appointed by what he heard, had the generosity to solicit my
pardon: he obtained it.
I was so reduced that they were obliged to carry me from
the prison to my bed, and there I suffered for three long months
under severe illness. My aversion from life knew no diminution.
I continually prayed for death, and obstinately for some time
refused every remedy. But Providence, after having punished me
with atoning rigor, saw fit to turn to my own use its chastise-
ments and the memory of my multiplied sorrows.
## p. 11820 (#450) ##########################################
11820
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
(1825-)
HE PRIME family in this country have always been promi-
nent in scholarship and patriotism, distinguished in several
professions for great intellectual virility and high character.
William Cowper Prime was born in Cambridge, New York, October
31st, 1825. His father, Benjamin Young, was a physician in Hunting-
ton, Long Island, who had graduated at Princeton and finished his
medical training at Leyden; was an unusual linguist, a finished clas-
sical scholar, and master of several modern languages which he spoke
fluently. During the Revolutionary War
he was distinguished by his patriotic zeal;
and aided the cause by vigorous songs and
ballads, which were widely circulated. His
grandfather, Ebenezer, a Presbyterian cler-
gyman at Huntington, Long Island,-a man
of powerful mind and a preacher of renown,
-suffered greatly during the early years
of the war for his principles; at the age
of seventy-eight he was driven from his
home by British troops and Tories, who
burned his church, occupied his house, and
destroyed his library. He was pursued
with hatred for his attachment to the cause
of liberty even after his death: toward
the close of the war a band of British under command of Colonel
William Thompson (afterwards Count Rumford) heaped insults upon
the grave of the "old rebel. »
Mr. Prime inherited the aptness for scholarship and the linguistic
ability of his ancestors. He was graduated at Princeton in 1843;
studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced his profession in
New York City with success and distinction, until he became one of
the owners and the editor of the Journal of Commerce in 1861. His
active editorship of the Journal continued till 1869, and his proprietor-
ship till 1893. But even while he was a law student, and in active
practice of his profession, he had obeyed the instincts of his family
for literature. A series of country letters written to the Journal
were afterwards collected in volumes, The Owl Creek Letters'
WILLIAM C. PRIME
## p. 11821 (#451) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11821
(1848), The Old House by the River' (1853), and 'Later Years'
(1854). These papers are among the first of American essays which
mingled the zest of the true sportsman with love of nature and
human sympathy with her moods. They had a wide popularity, and
were the forerunner of those charming books which so truly inter-
pret New England,-'I Go A-Fishing' (1893), 'Along New England
Roads (1892), and 'Among the North Hills' (1895). In these books
are the refined sentiment and keen observation of a lifetime.
>
In 1855-56 Mr. Prime made an extended tour in Europe, Egypt, and
the Holy Land, and another in 1869-70. The fruits of the first visit
were 'Boat Life in Egypt and Nubia,' and 'Tent Life in the Holy
Land' (1857); volumes which had great popularity, and were distin-
guished by fine descriptive quality, a philosophic temper, and profound
sentiment. But foreign travel opened the door to still wider activi-
ties; namely, in the fields of art and archæology, both classic and
mediæval. Mr. Prime's career is typically American in the variety of
its interests, though it is rare in the virility and success with which
he has pursued so many branches of literature and art. Blessed
with an exceptional memory to utilize his quick acquisitions, he
speedily became an authority in several specialties. His library of
wood engraving and illustration is, historically, the most valuable in
the country. His interest in this began with the study of Albrecht
Dürer, and his monograph on the Little Passion' (1868) is the ear-
liest in English on this subject. Among the monographs showing his
wide and exact scholarship are 'O Mother Dear, Jerusalem' (1865),
and Holy Cross; a Study' (1877).
Becoming interested in ceramics through the enthusiasm of his
wife for this study, he laid aside his own specialty after her death,
and devoted himself to the completion of her collection. It is de-
posited at Princeton in a museum erected for the purpose. It was
by his influence that a department of Art History was established
at this college, which had given him the degree of LL. D. in 1875,
and now made him the first professor and lecturer in the new study.
One of the most useful and successful books in any language on
this topic was his 'Pottery and Porcelain of all Times and Nations'
(1878).
This sketch does not at all give the measure of Mr. Prime's fertile
literary activity during his professional life. No man has been more
ready with his vigorous and lucid pen, and more adequate to all the
demands on it. Besides his editorial work and his published volumes,
there have been hundreds of sketches, essays, and short stories from
time to time; and for years he was the legal and literary adviser of
a great publishing house. In 1886, as literary executor of General
George B. McClellan, he edited 'McClellan's Own Story. '
## p. 11822 (#452) ##########################################
11822
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
Perhaps Mr. Prime's greatest service to the public has been in
connection with the Metropolitan Museum of Art. As a director,
vice-president, and for many years acting president, he brought to
the building-up of this institution, qualities indispensable to such an
enterprise, wide classic, art, and archæological knowledge, enthusi
asm, the perfection of organizing and business methods, and sound
common-sense. He gave to the work time without stint, and the
experience of the scholar and the man of affairs. It is not too much
to say that the great success of this splendid enterprise is largely
due to the wise guidance of Dr. Prime.
As a writer Mr. Prime is always interesting, vigorous, lucid, con-
vincing, equally facile in condensation and amplification, with a style
that is marked by simplicity, and often rises to the charm of melo-
dious periods. His versatility is shown in the rare combination of
sentiment with the most practical and clear view of affairs.
―
THE OLD MAN AT THE WATER-WHEEL
From 'Boat Life in Egypt and Nubia. ' Copyright 1857, by Harper &
Brothers
L
IFE in such a country has no great amount of variety, as one
might well imagine.
There was an old man that I found one day on shore as
I walked by the boat, whose history was strange and worth the
hearing.
He was a puny, dried-up old fellow, whose weight, I think,
might come within seventy pounds. He sat on the end of the
pole of the water-wheel, immediately behind the tails of the bul-
locks, and followed them around the little circle which they
walked, his knees up to his chin, which was buried between them,
and his blear eyes gazing listlessly on the cattle and the outer
wall of the sakea,- for it was inclosed in a stone-and-mud wall.
The everlasting creaking of the wheels-that strange sound that
no other machinery on earth emits seemed, and was to him,
the familiar music of his life.
I questioned him, and his story was simply this: He was born
just there. It was long before the days of Mohammed Ali, when
Hassan Kasheef was king, that he was a boy, sitting on the pole
of the sakea and following the bullocks around. He sat there
more years than he knew anything about, and grew to be a man.
Life was to him still the same round. His view was bounded by
## p. 11823 (#453) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11823
the mountains around him, and he never went beyond them.
He rode the sakea, and at every circle he caught through the
open doorway a vision of one mighty hill, with a grove of palms
at its foot. In the night he saw it still and solemn among the
stars, and sometimes he had seen tempests gathered around it.
It was the one idea of his life; and it was something to find
in such a brain one idea, though it was but a rock. He looked
out at it as he told me of it, with a sort of affection that I well
understood, but which surprised me none the less. But so he
had lived. He grew heavier as he grew older, and then he could
ot ride the pole, but sat down in the doorway and watched his
bullocks, looking behind him often at the hill; and so the years
slipped along, and age came and he wasted away; and when his
second childhood was on him, he mounted the pole again, and
was riding to his grave.
He had been a great traveler. I know not how many thou-
sand miles he had been carried around that centre-pin. Had he
never been away from the valley? Yes once: he climbed the
hill yonder, and from its summit saw the dreary wastes of sand
that stretched far away in all directions, and he came back con-
tented. Did nothing occur in his lifetime that he now remem-
bered as marking some one day more than another? Nothing.
Yes! one day the wheel broke, and he was startled and fright-
ened; but they came and mended it, and all went on as before.
I left him there to follow his weary round till death overtake
him; and if I find life oppressive at any time hereafter, I shall
know where to seek a hermitage and undisturbed calm.
THE DEFEAT OF THE CHRISTIAN HOST AT GALILEE, A. D. 1187
From Tent Life in the Holy Land. ' Copyright 1857, by Harper & Brothers
R
EGINALD OF CHATILLON, a Knight of the Cross, had come to
Palestine with Louis le Jeune, and joined the forces of
Raymond of Poictiers, Prince of Antioch. Keen as a hawk
and brave as a lion, the young soldier, nameless and of low ori-
gin, not only won a name, but on the death of Raymond won
his widow Constance and his throne.
The stories of his bravery
and beauty, sung by the troubadours of those days, were count-
less; nor was any one more often mentioned, as stout knight and
## p. 11824 (#454) ##########################################
11824
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
valiant soldier, than Reginald of Chatillon. His career is the
theme for a history. His arm never grew weary of battle, nor
did his sword rust until he was taken prisoner by the Moslems,
and kept in chains for years at Aleppo. Released at last, he
found his wife dead and his son on his throne. He himself
gathered around him the most daring and reckless of the Tem-
plars, and having by a second marriage obtained other castles
and possessions, he made it the business of his life to harass and
annoy the Saracens wherever he could find them; and at length,
emboldened by his success, conceived the idea of marching to
Medinah and Mecca, and plundering the holy Kaaba itself. With
his hitherto invincible band of warriors he set out on this peril-
ous enterprise. They surprised and captured the Egyptian cara-
van crossing the desert from India, and advanced in triumph to
the valley of Rabid, scarcely thirty miles from Medinah, where
they were met by an overwhelming force and routed with ter-
rible slaughter.
Reginald escaped even here; but Salah-e'deen was aroused by
this sacrilegious undertaking. He swore by an oath that could
not be violated that the knight should die and Jerusalem should
fall.
It was the morning of July 4th, 1187, that the Christians
advanced over the plain. Annoyed by the shafts of the Sara-
cens and their constant sallies on both flanks, they yet advanced
steadily to the middle of the plain, intending to cut their way
through the ranks of the enemy and gain the shore of the sea.
It was here that Salah-e'deen came down on them like a
thunderbolt, at the head of twenty thousand horsemen. It was
one of the most terrible charges on record. But the Christians,
closing up their ranks, received it as the rock receives the sea,
and it went back like the foam.
Now high up among the Christian host, the Holy Cross itself
was elevated, and men knew for what they were to fight and
die. Around it, to use the words of Salah-e'deen himself, they
gathered with the utmost bravery and devotion, as if they be-
lieved it their greatest blessing, strongest bond of union, and
sure defense. The battle became general. On all sides the foe
pressed the brave knights and their followers. The latter fell by
hundreds, from exhaustion and thirst; for they had been short
of bread and water for a week.
## p. 11825 (#455) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11825
Twice did Salah-e'deen repeat that tremendous charge, pen-
etrating into the ranks of his enemies, and fighting his way out
again without breaking their array
Night came down on the battle-field while its fate was yet
undetermined, and they rested for the morrow.
What wild, despairing prayers went up to God before the
Cross of Christ that night, we may not know until those vials
of the elders shall be opened.
Long before day, by the admirable disposition of his army,
Salah-e'deen had decided the battle even before it was fought.
But he had not decided how many of his host were to be
slain on the soil of Galilee by the swords of the Christians.
As the day advanced, the two armies beheld each other.
Salah-e'deen waited till the sun was up, and then "the sons of
heaven and the children of fire fought their great battle. "
The Christians fought as they were accustomed. Their heat
and thirst were terrible, and increased by the enemy setting fire
to the dry brush and grass, from which the strong wind blew a
dense smoke toward them, nearly suffocating them.
The scene was like a very hell; knights and devils contending
among flames. Again and again the bands of Templars threw
themselves on the Saracen front, and endeavored to pierce their
way through its steel wall to reach the citadel of Tiberias, but
in vain. The cry of the battle-field went up, among smoke and
flame, before God, and he permitted the end to come. "Holy
Cross! " shouted the grand-master of the Templars, as he fought
his way toward the banner of the Kalif, followed by his brave
knights. "Raymond for the Sepulchre! " rang over the clash of
steel in the front of the battle. "Ha! Ha! Renaud - Renaud —
Chatillon-Carrac - No rescue! Strike, strike! " shouted the
proud retainers of the old knight, who were reveling in the blood
of the conflict.
By this time, in the centre of the field, the fight had grown
thickest and most fierce around the True Cross, which was up-
held on a slight eminence by the bishop of Ptolemais. Around
it the bravest knights were collected. There Geoffrey of Lusig-
nan, brother to the King, performed miracles of valor; and the
Knights of the Temple and the Knights of St. John vied with
each other in bravery. As the fray grew darker, and shafts flew
swifter around them, and one by one they fell down before the
holy wood, the stern, calm voice of the bishop was heard, chanting,
XX-740
## p. 11826 (#456) ##########################################
11826
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
"De profundis clamavi ad te, Domine; Domine, exaudi vocem
meam! ” in tones that overpowered the din of battle, and reached
the ears of the dying even as they departed. Nearest of all to
the Cross was a man wielding a sword which had already done
fearful work on the Saracens. The sign on his back was not
sufficient to distinguish him from other soldiers; but they who
fought by his side well knew the brave precentor of the Sepul-
chre, bishop of Lydda, the city of St. George. How many souls
he had sent to hell that day it is impossible to relate. He and
four others remained around the old bishop of Ptolemais, who
was fainting for loss of blood; for many arrows had pierced him,
and his life was fast failing. "Bohemond for the Cross! shouted
the young Prince of Antioch, as he swept the Paynims down by
scores. "St. George! St. George! " shouted the holy bishop, his
bright eye flashing around him. He caught sight of the totter-
ing Cross, as the bishop of Ptolemais went down dead. Springing
toward it, he seized it with his left arm, and with prodigious
strength threw himself into the faces of the foe. The lightning
is not more fierce and fast than were the blows of his sword, as
he hewed his way along, followed by Bohemond of Antioch, and
Renaud of Sidon, and one unknown Knight of the Temple. The
latter pressed forward to the side of the brave bishop. Bohemond
and Renaud were separated from them, but the two fought on
alone, in the midst of thousands of their enemies.
At length the unequal contest was well-nigh over.
The eye of Salah-e'deen was fixed on the dense mass that
surrounded the Cross. He smiled bitterly as he saw it trembling
and ready to fall from the hands of the gallant bishop, who held
it with his left arm, while with his right he cursed the Infidels
with the curse of steel, that damned them then, there, and for-
ever. Well might the Soldan believe that as long as he held
that holy wood, so long his mighty arm would remain strong,
and blood replace in his brave heart the floods that issued from
his wounds. But he grew faint at length, and yet shouting in
clear tones, "St. George! St. George! " knelt down by the Cross,
shielded by the stout arm of the brave Templar, who fought
above him, unwounded and undaunted, though he now found
himself last knight at the Cross of his Lord.
One glance of his eye over the plain told him that all was
lost; and nothing now remained for him but to die bravely for
God and for Jerusalem. Far over the field, above the summit of
## p. 11827 (#457) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11827
the Mount of Transfiguration, he beheld the heavens opened, and
saw the gates of pearl. Clear and distinct above the clash of
arms and loud cries of the field of blood, he heard the voices
of the angels singing triumphant songs. So he took courage as
the darkness of the battle gathered blacker around him.
For now, as the bishop of Lydda fell prostrate on the ground,
the Cross had nearly fallen, and the Paynims, raising a shout of
triumph, rushed in on their solitary foe. But they rushed through
the gates of hell, sheer down the depths of death, to everlasting
perdition. Down came the flashing axe on head and shoulder
and limb; down through eyes and chin and breast; so that when
they went to Hades in that plight, their prophet had difficulty in
recognizing them even as of mortal shape.
The dead lay all around him. He trod down his iron heel
in their faces, and crushed it in their chests, and laughed as he
dealt those more than human blows with cool, calm aim, but
lightning force and velocity. No sound but the clashing steel was
heard in this part of the plain, where for a while it appeared as
if the saint of the fallen bishop were standing over him in arms
for the cause of the Sepulchre.
But every inch of his armor bristled with arrows that were
drinking his blood; a well-sped javelin had made a hideous open-
ing in his throat, and the foam from his lips was dropping red
on his steel breastplate.
Looking up once more, far over hill and plain, he saw again
the battlements of heaven, and a shining company that were
approaching even to his very front. The battle-field was visible
no longer; but close beside him, the Divine eyes of the Virgin
Mother were fixed on him with the same look that she of old
fixed on that Cross when holier blood than his ran down its beam.
But that was not all that he saw.
There was a hideous sin on the soul of the Knight of the
Cross. To expiate that sin he had long ago left the fair land of
France, where he had lordly possessions, to become an unknown
brother of the order of the Temple. And now through the fast-
gathering gloom he saw the face of that one so beloved and so
wronged, as she lay on the very breast of the matchless Virgin;
and the radiance of her countenance was the smile of heaven
Though he saw all this, the gallant knight fought on, and his
swift falchion flashed steadfastly above the mêlée. But then
there was a sudden pause: his lost love lay warm and close on
## p. 11828 (#458) ##########################################
11828
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
his breast, lay clasped in his arms, on his heart of hearts! He
murmured a name long forbidden to his priestly lips, and then,
waking one instant to the scene around him, he sprang at the
throat of a Saracen, grasped it with his stiffening fingers, and the
soul of the Paynim went out with his, as he departed to join
the great assembly of the soldiers of the Cross. So the Cross
was lost on the field of Galilee.
Guy of Lusignan, eighth and last King of Jerusalem, with a
small band of faithful knights, still held his ground on the hill
of Hattin. When the Cross vanished from the field, a wail of
anguish rose from all the plain, and quivered in the air at the
very gates of the celestial city. Raymond of Tripoli and Renaud
of Sidon cut their way through the ranks of Saracens, and
escaped around the foot of Mount Tabor to Ptolemais. All the
rest that were living fell into the hands of Salah-e'deen; and
the next day, with his own sword, he executed his threatened
vengeance on Reginald of Chatillon, hewing him down to the
ground and leaving him to be dispatched by his followers. The
fearful sacrifice which he then made of the Templars; how they
crowded to it, and others sought to be included in the martyr-
dom, is a well-known page of history. Not so the statement of
an old chronicler, that "during the three following nights, when
the bodies of the holy martyrs were lying still unburied, a ray
of celestial light shone over them from above. "
The Cross which was lost on this field was never regained by
Christians. It remained for some time in the custody of Salah-
e'deen; and a few years later—that is, in A. D. 1192—the same
chronicler describes the visits of pilgrims to Jerusalem, where
they were allowed by the Kalif "to have a sight of the Holy
Cross. "
A NEW ENGLAND AUCTION: THE LONELY CHURCH IN THE
VALLEY
From Along New England Roads. ' Copyright 1892, by Harper and Brothers
IT
T WAS in May. The forests further north had been just tinged
with that delicious mauve color which is caused by the swell-
ing buds of the maples, and which from day to day changes
into pink and hazy sky-blue, and at length, when the buds burst,
into green.
But here the green had won the day; and the view
## p. 11829 (#459) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11829
in all directions, as I drove along, was fresh and full of promise.
When the road led through forest, both sides were luxuriant
with the close-packed masses of ferns just commencing summer
life; and in the woods were hosts of purple and striped blossoms
of the trilium, the glory of our northern forests in the early sea-
son. I came out from a piece of woods on a plain where the
road went straight ahead in full view for a half-mile. Nearly
that distance ahead stood a farm-house, with its barns and out-
buildings. The house stood back from the road among fruit-
trees, some of which were in blossom. But what especially
attracted attention was a large number of horses and wagons,
vehicles of various descriptions, which made the front yard and
the road near the house look black.
Only two events in the country life are likely to cause such a
gathering around a house. When you see it, you are quite safe
in thinking that there is a funeral or an auction sale. Either is
sure to bring together all the wagons of a very wide-spread pop-
ulation. There is this difference, however, that to the funeral
men and women and children come, but to the "vandue" only
men.
―――――
As I approached the house, I began to pass horses tied to
fences and small trees. Everything in the shape of a hitching-
post, everything to which a halter could be tied, was in use; and
when I reached the front gate there were groups of men SO
occupied here and there that no doubt could exist that this was
an auction sale. It was undoubtedly a funeral in one sense,-
not of any one dead, but of a home. It was the extinguishment
of a fire that had been burning on a hearth a great many years.
It took but a little while to learn from those who were grouped
near the gate the reasons for the auction. This group consisted
of men who had come only because it was an occasion for meet-
ing people; a chance for general talk and exchange of little
news, a break in the monotony of country life. Near the barn
was another group inspecting cows. They had no interest in the
sale of furniture in the house. On the front lawn was another
group. I fancied they were discussing the value of the farm,
whether it was worth the mortgage on it, whether any one was
likely to bid on it. As I walked in towards the door I saw that
there were people in all parts of the house, most of them in the
large kitchen, whence the voice of the auctioneer was audible.
As I entered he was selling cooking utensils, getting from a
## p. 11830 (#460) ##########################################
11830
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
cent to six cents apiece, rarely as much as ten cents for any
article.
I confess that as I looked around this kitchen, on this scene,
I felt very much as if it were a funeral, and began to think that
I had an interest in, a personal acquaintance with, the departed.
It had been for a long lifetime the home of an honest, respected
farmer, who had recently died; an old man whose work was
ended. His children, all but one daughter, had gone to distant
parts of the country. His wife had died a year before. The
property must be sold to settle his small estate, pay his funeral
expenses and perhaps other claims. There was to be also an
attempt to find a purchaser for the farm, but it was thought the
holder of a mortgage on it would be the only possible bidder.
That life was to be closed out forever. Wherein much of
it had consisted was here visible. It was displayed for public
view, and any stranger was free to rove from room to room and
see the record; for nothing was reserved, -not even the clothing,
or the old man's silver watch, or his wife's work-basket with
knitting-needles and scissors, and a knife with a broken blade,
and a ball of blue yarn and a half-knit woolen stocking.
Here was a summing-up of the total reward in this world's
valuables which a long, laborious life had earned. I can never
cease to feel indignation at the preachers about labor and its
rewards, who imagine that workmen in the trades are the only
laborers to be considered; who are deceived by the idea that the
various societies of "working-men" represent one-tenth of the
hard-working men of our country; who imagine that the labor
question relates only to that small number of persons who work
for fixed pay, eight or ten hours a day.
The life of this man from his childhood had been one of
incessant labor, hard work; beginning daily long before daylight,
ending so wearily after dark that he welcomed sleep as the only
rest he knew. Your ten-hour city laborer does not know what
work means; and never will know till he acquires a farm, and
has to support life by digging for himself, paying himself for
his work, and finding that to the vast body of American farm-
ers, fourteen hours a day of labor earns bare subsistence.
The life labor in this house and on this farm showed in the
end, as the laborer's pay when all work was done, just nothing
beyond the bare support of the life. Less, indeed, than that; for
there was a mortgage on the farm, which represented a demand
## p. 11831 (#461) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11831
of some pressing need, or a steady, slow falling behind, from year
to year.
The home furniture was not luxurious; far otherwise. But it
was not altogether without interest. There was an old chest of
drawers in one room, which probably belonged to the mother;
possibly came from her mother when she was married.
It was
made of solid cherry-wood; and the old brass mountings were,
for a wonder, brilliant as if new. There was a small looking-
glass hanging on a wall, in a frame once of great beauty, the
relief ornaments on it being ears of golden grain. There were
some pictures in black-pine frames, without glass. None had
any money value, but each had higher than money value, because
they had been the delights of that family life. Children had
grown up looking at them daily, their young imaginations wan-
dering far away under the guiding influence of art.
Mark you,
my friend, art brings its blessings not alone by the power of
renowned artists, by the works of great masters.
There are
very rude pictures, pictures which provoke the derision of ignor-
ant critics, pictures which have had mighty influence in swaying
human minds. There was a fifteenth-century artist in Cologne
whose Bible pictures, in rough, hard outlines, were the educators
of millions of people for a century and more after he was dead.
It is the thought written in the picture which is its power; not
the execution, which is of account to very few who see it. There
is no possible doubt that that old painted print of Ruth glean-
ing, and that other of the raising of the Widow's Son, of Nain,
had impressed lessons on young minds not to be effaced in this
world's experiences, perhaps not in any other world.
The old kitchen seemed to be the place wherein the life had
left its strongest marks. And yet they were not many. There
was a little printed calendar of a long year ago pasted on the
side of the chimney. There was a clock (not worth your pur-
chasing, my friend) standing high up on a wooden shelf. There
was a dresser whereon the family crockery was piled for sale.
Having in mind friends who want old crockery, I looked over
the pieces, one by one; but found nothing worth a stranger's
purchasing, except perhaps one English plate, with a blue print,
—the rich dark blue wherein the cheap Staffordshire wares sur-
passed all other, Oriental and Occidental, potteries or porcelains.
But the table was there,- a very old square table, made of
black ash, with four solid legs. It had no claim to notice for
## p. 11832 (#462) ##########################################
11832
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
any beauty about it. But around it the family had been gath-
ered, morning, noon, and evening. First the young man and
his wife had sat there alone, happy, hopeful. Years had fulfilled
all they had hoped for, had brought little heads to the sides of
the table, and years had changed them into older and perhaps
wiser heads. All the troubles and all the happiness of every
one of them had been brought to the assemblies at that kitchen
table. Christmases, Thanksgiving days, wedding days of daugh-
ters, days when the minister was to make his annual visit,- all
the gala days of life had loaded the table with unusual feasts.
And always, with unfailing humility and gratitude, the voice of
the father had been heard at the head of the board, thanking
God as sincerely as if the farm had been a gold mine instead of
slow-yielding soil.
I was in the house but a few minutes. As I drove rapidly
down the road, I overtook a man going home from the sale. I
am not fond of "buying bargains" in such cases. If there had
been anything to tempt me, I could not comfortably own a pur-
chase out of that household at the poor prices things were bring-
ing. But this man was carrying home something. As I turned
out and drove by him he held it up for me to see. We went
along side by side.
"What have you got there? "
"I don't know. I think it's an old pitcher they used in a
church. "
"What did you buy it for? "
"I don't know. I s'pose I can sell it to some one. "
"How much do you want for it? "
"I don't know what it's worth. "
"Well, speak quick, if you want to sell," and my horses were
pulling ahead hard.
"I don't know as I care to sell it. "
"All right," and I went ahead rapidly.
"Will you give two dollars? " came in a shout after me.
"Will you take it? "
"Yes. "
It
He came up alongside of me, and I took my purchase.
was never church property; quite otherwise.
"Are you not seeking me? " he inquired. "I know that my
intentions have given you mortal offense, and that the death of
one of us is indispensable: let us see who is to be the happy
man. "
I replied that such was unquestionably the fact; and that noth-
ing but death could end the difference between us.
We retired about one hundred paces out of the town. We
drew: I wounded and disarmed him at the first onset.
He was
so enraged that he peremptorily refused either to ask his life or
renounce his claims to Manon. I might have been perhaps justi-
fied in ending both by a single blow; but noble blood ever vindi-
cates its origin. I threw him back his sword. "Let us renew
the struggle," said I to him, "and remember that there shall be
now no quarter. " He attacked me with redoubled fury. I must
confess that I was not an accomplished 'swordsman, having had
but three months' tuition at Paris. Love, however, guided my
weapon. Synnelet pierced me through and through the left arm;
but I caught him whilst thus engaged, and made so vigorous a
thrust that I stretched him senseless at my feet.
In spite of the triumphant feeling that victory, after a mortal
conflict, inspires, I was immediately horrified by the certain con-
sequences of this death. There could not be the slightest hope
of either pardon or respite from the vengeance I had thus in-
curred. I was so well aware of the affection of the governor
for his nephew that I felt perfectly sure my death would not be
delayed a single hour after his should become known. Urgent
## p. 11815 (#445) ##########################################
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PRÉVOST D'EXILES
11815
as this apprehension was, it still was by no means the principal
source of my uneasiness. Manon, the welfare of Manon, the peril
that impended over her, and the certainty of my being now at
length separated from her, afflicted me to such a degree that I
was incapable of recognizing the place in which I stood. I re-
gretted Synnelet's death; instant suicide seemed the only remedy
for my woes.
However, it was this very thought that quickly restored me
to my reason, and enabled me to form a resolution. "What! "
said I to myself: "die, in order to end my pain? Then there is
something I dread more than the loss of all I love! No, let me
suffer the cruelest extremities in order to aid her; and when
these prove of no avail, fly to death as a last resource! "
I returned towards the town; on my arrival at home I found
Manon half dead with fright and anxiety; my presence restored
her. I could not conceal from her the terrible accident that had
happened. On my mentioning the death of Synnelet and my
own wound, she fell in a state of insensibility into my arms. It
was a quarter of an hour before I could bring her again to her
senses.
I was myself in a most deplorable state of mind; I could not
discern the slightest prospect of safety for either of us. "Manon,"
said I to her, when she had recovered a little, "what shall we
do? Alas, what hope remains to us? I must necessarily fly.
Will you remain in the town? Yes, dearest Manon, do remain;
you may possibly still be happy here: while I, far away from
you, may seek death and find it amongst the savages or the wild
beasts. "
>>
She raised herself in spite of her weakness, and taking hold
of my hand to lead me towards the door,-"Let us," said she,
"fly together: we have not a moment to lose; Synnelet's body may
be found by chance, and we shall then have no time to escape. '
"But, dear Manon," replied I, "to what place can we fly?
Do you perceive any resource? Would it not be better that you
should endeavor to live on without me, and that I should go
and voluntarily place my life in the governor's hands? "
This proposal had only the effect of making her more impa-
tient for our departure. I had presence of mind enough, on
going out, to take with me some strong liquors which I had in
my chamber, and as much food as I could carry in my pockets.
We told our servants, who were in the adjoining room, that we
## p. 11816 (#446) ##########################################
11816
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PRÉVOST D'EXILES
were going to take our evening walk, as was our invariable
habit; and we left the town behind us more rapidly than I had
thought possible from Manon's delicate state of health.
Although I had not formed any resolve as to our future
destination, I still cherished a hope, without which I should have
infinitely preferred death to my suspense about Manon's safety.
I had acquired a sufficient knowledge of the country, during
nearly ten months which I had now passed in America, to know
in what manner the natives should be approached. Death was
not the necessary consequence of falling into their hands. I had
learned a few words of their language, and some of their cus-
toms, having had many opportunities of seeing them.
Besides this sad resource, I derived some hopes from the fact
that the English had, like ourselves, established colonies in this
part of the New World. But the distance was terrific. In order
to reach them we should have to traverse deserts of many days'
journey, and more than one range of mountains so steep and
vast as to seem almost impassable to the strongest man. I
nevertheless flattered myself that we might derive partial relief
from one or other of these sources: the savages might serve us
as guides, and the English receive us in their settlements.
We journeyed on as long as Manon's strength would permit,
-that is to say, about six miles; for this incomparable creature,
with her usual absence of selfishness, refused my repeated en-
treaties to stop. Overpowered at length by fatigue, she acknowl-
edged the utter impossibility of proceeding further.
It was
already night; we sat down in the midst of an extensive plain,
where we could not even find a tree to shelter us. Her first
care was to dress my wound, which she had bandaged before our
departure. I in vain entreated her to desist from exertion; it
would have only added to her distress if I had refused her the
satisfaction of seeing me at ease and out of danger before her
own wants were attended to. I allowed her therefore to gratify
herself, and in shame and silence submitted to her delicate atten-
tions.
But when she had completed her tender task, with what ardor
did I not enter upon mine! I took off my clothes and stretched
them under her, to render more endurable the hard and rugged
ground on which she lay. I protected her delicate hands from
the cold by my burning kisses and the warmth of my sighs.
I passed the livelong night in watching over her as she slept,
## p. 11817 (#447) ##########################################
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PRÉVOST D'EXILES
11817
and praying Heaven to refresh her with soft and undisturbed
repose. Thou canst bear witness, just and all-seeing God! to the
fervor and sincerity of those prayers, and thou alone knowest
with what awful rigor they were rejected!
You will excuse me, if I now cut short a story which it
distresses me beyond endurance to relate. It is, I believe, a
calamity without parallel. I can never cease to deplore it. But
although it continues, of course, deeply and indelibly impressed
on my memory, yet my heart seems to shrink within me each
time that I attempt the recital.
We had thus tranquilly passed the night. I had fondly im-
agined that my beloved mistress was in a profound sleep, and I
hardly dared to breathe lest I should disturb her. As day broke,
I observed that her hands were cold and trembling; I pressed
them to my bosom in the hope of restoring animation. This
movement roused her attention; and making an effort to grasp
my hand, she said in a feeble voice that she thought her last
moments had arrived.
I at first took this for a passing weakness, or the ordinary
language of distress; and I answered with the usual consolations
that love prompted. But her incessant sighs, her silence and
inattention to my inquiries, the convulsive grasp of her hands in
which she retained mine, soon convinced me that the crowning
end of all my miseries was approaching.
Do not now expect me to attempt a description of my feel-
ings, or to repeat her dying expressions. I lost her. I received
the purest assurances of her love even at the very instant that
her spirit fled. I have not nerve to say more upon this fatal and
disastrous event.
My spirit was not destined to accompany Manon's. Doubt-
less Heaven did not as yet consider me sufficiently punished, and
therefore ordained that I should continue to drag on a languid
and joyless existence. I willingly renounced every hope of lead-
ing a happy one.
I remained for twenty-four hours without taking my lips from
the still beauteous countenance and hands of my adored Manon.
My intention was to await my own death in that position; but
at the beginning of the second day I reflected that after I was
gone, she must of necessity become the prey of wild beasts.
then determined to bury her, and wait my own doom upon her
grave. I was already, indeed, so near my end from the combined
I
## p. 11818 (#448) ##########################################
11818
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PRÉVOST D'EXILES
effect of long fasting and grief, that it was with the greatest
difficulty I could support myself standing. I was obliged to Have
recourse to the liquors which I had brought with me, and these
restored sufficient strength to enable me to set about my last sad
office. From the sandy nature of the soil there was little trouble
in opening the ground. I broke my sword and used it for the
purpose; but my bare hands were of greater service. I dug a
deep grave, and there deposited the idol of my heart, after hav-
ing wrapped around her my clothes to prevent the sand from
touching her. I kissed her ten thousand times with all the ardor
of the most glowing love, before I laid her in this melancholy
bed. I sat for some time upon the bank intently gazing on her,
and could not command fortitude enough to close the grave over
her. At length, feeling that my strength was giving way, and
apprehensive of its being entirely exhausted before the completion.
of my task, I committed to the earth all that it had ever con-
tained most perfect and peerless. I then laid myself with my
face down upon the grave; and closing my eyes with the deter-
mination never again to open them, I invoked the mercy of
Heaven, and ardently prayed for death.
You will find it difficult to believe that during the whole time
of this protracted and distressing ceremony, not a tear or a sigh
escaped to relieve my agony. The state of profound affliction in
which I was, and the deep settled resolution I had taken to die,
had silenced the sighs of despair, and effectually dried up the
ordinary channels of grief. It was thus impossible for me, in this
posture upon the grave, to continue for any time in possession of
my faculties.
After what you have listened to, the remainder of my own
history would ill repay the attention you seem inclined to bestow
upon it.
Synnelet having been carried into the town and skill-
fully examined, it was found that so far from being dead, he
was not even dangerously wounded. He informed his uncle of
the manner in which the affray had occurred between us, and he
generously did justice to my conduct on the occasion. I was sent
for; and as neither of us could be found, our flight was imme-
diately suspected. It was then too late to attempt to trace me,
but the next day and the following one were employed in the
pursuit.
I was found, without any appearance of life, upon the grave
of Manon; and the persons who discovered me in this situation,
## p. 11819 (#449) ##########################################
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PRÉVOST D'EXILES
11819
seeing that I was almost naked, and bleeding from my wounds,
naturally supposed that I had been robbed and assassinated.
They carried me into the town. The motion restored me to my
senses. The sighs I heaved on opening my eyes and finding
myself still amongst the living, showed that I was not beyond
the reach of art: they were but too successful in its application.
I was immediately confined as a close prisoner. My trial was
ordered; and as Manon was not forthcoming, I was accused of
having murdered her from rage and jealousy. I naturally related
all that had occurred. Synnelet, though bitterly grieved and dis-
appointed by what he heard, had the generosity to solicit my
pardon: he obtained it.
I was so reduced that they were obliged to carry me from
the prison to my bed, and there I suffered for three long months
under severe illness. My aversion from life knew no diminution.
I continually prayed for death, and obstinately for some time
refused every remedy. But Providence, after having punished me
with atoning rigor, saw fit to turn to my own use its chastise-
ments and the memory of my multiplied sorrows.
## p. 11820 (#450) ##########################################
11820
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
(1825-)
HE PRIME family in this country have always been promi-
nent in scholarship and patriotism, distinguished in several
professions for great intellectual virility and high character.
William Cowper Prime was born in Cambridge, New York, October
31st, 1825. His father, Benjamin Young, was a physician in Hunting-
ton, Long Island, who had graduated at Princeton and finished his
medical training at Leyden; was an unusual linguist, a finished clas-
sical scholar, and master of several modern languages which he spoke
fluently. During the Revolutionary War
he was distinguished by his patriotic zeal;
and aided the cause by vigorous songs and
ballads, which were widely circulated. His
grandfather, Ebenezer, a Presbyterian cler-
gyman at Huntington, Long Island,-a man
of powerful mind and a preacher of renown,
-suffered greatly during the early years
of the war for his principles; at the age
of seventy-eight he was driven from his
home by British troops and Tories, who
burned his church, occupied his house, and
destroyed his library. He was pursued
with hatred for his attachment to the cause
of liberty even after his death: toward
the close of the war a band of British under command of Colonel
William Thompson (afterwards Count Rumford) heaped insults upon
the grave of the "old rebel. »
Mr. Prime inherited the aptness for scholarship and the linguistic
ability of his ancestors. He was graduated at Princeton in 1843;
studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced his profession in
New York City with success and distinction, until he became one of
the owners and the editor of the Journal of Commerce in 1861. His
active editorship of the Journal continued till 1869, and his proprietor-
ship till 1893. But even while he was a law student, and in active
practice of his profession, he had obeyed the instincts of his family
for literature. A series of country letters written to the Journal
were afterwards collected in volumes, The Owl Creek Letters'
WILLIAM C. PRIME
## p. 11821 (#451) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11821
(1848), The Old House by the River' (1853), and 'Later Years'
(1854). These papers are among the first of American essays which
mingled the zest of the true sportsman with love of nature and
human sympathy with her moods. They had a wide popularity, and
were the forerunner of those charming books which so truly inter-
pret New England,-'I Go A-Fishing' (1893), 'Along New England
Roads (1892), and 'Among the North Hills' (1895). In these books
are the refined sentiment and keen observation of a lifetime.
>
In 1855-56 Mr. Prime made an extended tour in Europe, Egypt, and
the Holy Land, and another in 1869-70. The fruits of the first visit
were 'Boat Life in Egypt and Nubia,' and 'Tent Life in the Holy
Land' (1857); volumes which had great popularity, and were distin-
guished by fine descriptive quality, a philosophic temper, and profound
sentiment. But foreign travel opened the door to still wider activi-
ties; namely, in the fields of art and archæology, both classic and
mediæval. Mr. Prime's career is typically American in the variety of
its interests, though it is rare in the virility and success with which
he has pursued so many branches of literature and art. Blessed
with an exceptional memory to utilize his quick acquisitions, he
speedily became an authority in several specialties. His library of
wood engraving and illustration is, historically, the most valuable in
the country. His interest in this began with the study of Albrecht
Dürer, and his monograph on the Little Passion' (1868) is the ear-
liest in English on this subject. Among the monographs showing his
wide and exact scholarship are 'O Mother Dear, Jerusalem' (1865),
and Holy Cross; a Study' (1877).
Becoming interested in ceramics through the enthusiasm of his
wife for this study, he laid aside his own specialty after her death,
and devoted himself to the completion of her collection. It is de-
posited at Princeton in a museum erected for the purpose. It was
by his influence that a department of Art History was established
at this college, which had given him the degree of LL. D. in 1875,
and now made him the first professor and lecturer in the new study.
One of the most useful and successful books in any language on
this topic was his 'Pottery and Porcelain of all Times and Nations'
(1878).
This sketch does not at all give the measure of Mr. Prime's fertile
literary activity during his professional life. No man has been more
ready with his vigorous and lucid pen, and more adequate to all the
demands on it. Besides his editorial work and his published volumes,
there have been hundreds of sketches, essays, and short stories from
time to time; and for years he was the legal and literary adviser of
a great publishing house. In 1886, as literary executor of General
George B. McClellan, he edited 'McClellan's Own Story. '
## p. 11822 (#452) ##########################################
11822
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
Perhaps Mr. Prime's greatest service to the public has been in
connection with the Metropolitan Museum of Art. As a director,
vice-president, and for many years acting president, he brought to
the building-up of this institution, qualities indispensable to such an
enterprise, wide classic, art, and archæological knowledge, enthusi
asm, the perfection of organizing and business methods, and sound
common-sense. He gave to the work time without stint, and the
experience of the scholar and the man of affairs. It is not too much
to say that the great success of this splendid enterprise is largely
due to the wise guidance of Dr. Prime.
As a writer Mr. Prime is always interesting, vigorous, lucid, con-
vincing, equally facile in condensation and amplification, with a style
that is marked by simplicity, and often rises to the charm of melo-
dious periods. His versatility is shown in the rare combination of
sentiment with the most practical and clear view of affairs.
―
THE OLD MAN AT THE WATER-WHEEL
From 'Boat Life in Egypt and Nubia. ' Copyright 1857, by Harper &
Brothers
L
IFE in such a country has no great amount of variety, as one
might well imagine.
There was an old man that I found one day on shore as
I walked by the boat, whose history was strange and worth the
hearing.
He was a puny, dried-up old fellow, whose weight, I think,
might come within seventy pounds. He sat on the end of the
pole of the water-wheel, immediately behind the tails of the bul-
locks, and followed them around the little circle which they
walked, his knees up to his chin, which was buried between them,
and his blear eyes gazing listlessly on the cattle and the outer
wall of the sakea,- for it was inclosed in a stone-and-mud wall.
The everlasting creaking of the wheels-that strange sound that
no other machinery on earth emits seemed, and was to him,
the familiar music of his life.
I questioned him, and his story was simply this: He was born
just there. It was long before the days of Mohammed Ali, when
Hassan Kasheef was king, that he was a boy, sitting on the pole
of the sakea and following the bullocks around. He sat there
more years than he knew anything about, and grew to be a man.
Life was to him still the same round. His view was bounded by
## p. 11823 (#453) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11823
the mountains around him, and he never went beyond them.
He rode the sakea, and at every circle he caught through the
open doorway a vision of one mighty hill, with a grove of palms
at its foot. In the night he saw it still and solemn among the
stars, and sometimes he had seen tempests gathered around it.
It was the one idea of his life; and it was something to find
in such a brain one idea, though it was but a rock. He looked
out at it as he told me of it, with a sort of affection that I well
understood, but which surprised me none the less. But so he
had lived. He grew heavier as he grew older, and then he could
ot ride the pole, but sat down in the doorway and watched his
bullocks, looking behind him often at the hill; and so the years
slipped along, and age came and he wasted away; and when his
second childhood was on him, he mounted the pole again, and
was riding to his grave.
He had been a great traveler. I know not how many thou-
sand miles he had been carried around that centre-pin. Had he
never been away from the valley? Yes once: he climbed the
hill yonder, and from its summit saw the dreary wastes of sand
that stretched far away in all directions, and he came back con-
tented. Did nothing occur in his lifetime that he now remem-
bered as marking some one day more than another? Nothing.
Yes! one day the wheel broke, and he was startled and fright-
ened; but they came and mended it, and all went on as before.
I left him there to follow his weary round till death overtake
him; and if I find life oppressive at any time hereafter, I shall
know where to seek a hermitage and undisturbed calm.
THE DEFEAT OF THE CHRISTIAN HOST AT GALILEE, A. D. 1187
From Tent Life in the Holy Land. ' Copyright 1857, by Harper & Brothers
R
EGINALD OF CHATILLON, a Knight of the Cross, had come to
Palestine with Louis le Jeune, and joined the forces of
Raymond of Poictiers, Prince of Antioch. Keen as a hawk
and brave as a lion, the young soldier, nameless and of low ori-
gin, not only won a name, but on the death of Raymond won
his widow Constance and his throne.
The stories of his bravery
and beauty, sung by the troubadours of those days, were count-
less; nor was any one more often mentioned, as stout knight and
## p. 11824 (#454) ##########################################
11824
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
valiant soldier, than Reginald of Chatillon. His career is the
theme for a history. His arm never grew weary of battle, nor
did his sword rust until he was taken prisoner by the Moslems,
and kept in chains for years at Aleppo. Released at last, he
found his wife dead and his son on his throne. He himself
gathered around him the most daring and reckless of the Tem-
plars, and having by a second marriage obtained other castles
and possessions, he made it the business of his life to harass and
annoy the Saracens wherever he could find them; and at length,
emboldened by his success, conceived the idea of marching to
Medinah and Mecca, and plundering the holy Kaaba itself. With
his hitherto invincible band of warriors he set out on this peril-
ous enterprise. They surprised and captured the Egyptian cara-
van crossing the desert from India, and advanced in triumph to
the valley of Rabid, scarcely thirty miles from Medinah, where
they were met by an overwhelming force and routed with ter-
rible slaughter.
Reginald escaped even here; but Salah-e'deen was aroused by
this sacrilegious undertaking. He swore by an oath that could
not be violated that the knight should die and Jerusalem should
fall.
It was the morning of July 4th, 1187, that the Christians
advanced over the plain. Annoyed by the shafts of the Sara-
cens and their constant sallies on both flanks, they yet advanced
steadily to the middle of the plain, intending to cut their way
through the ranks of the enemy and gain the shore of the sea.
It was here that Salah-e'deen came down on them like a
thunderbolt, at the head of twenty thousand horsemen. It was
one of the most terrible charges on record. But the Christians,
closing up their ranks, received it as the rock receives the sea,
and it went back like the foam.
Now high up among the Christian host, the Holy Cross itself
was elevated, and men knew for what they were to fight and
die. Around it, to use the words of Salah-e'deen himself, they
gathered with the utmost bravery and devotion, as if they be-
lieved it their greatest blessing, strongest bond of union, and
sure defense. The battle became general. On all sides the foe
pressed the brave knights and their followers. The latter fell by
hundreds, from exhaustion and thirst; for they had been short
of bread and water for a week.
## p. 11825 (#455) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11825
Twice did Salah-e'deen repeat that tremendous charge, pen-
etrating into the ranks of his enemies, and fighting his way out
again without breaking their array
Night came down on the battle-field while its fate was yet
undetermined, and they rested for the morrow.
What wild, despairing prayers went up to God before the
Cross of Christ that night, we may not know until those vials
of the elders shall be opened.
Long before day, by the admirable disposition of his army,
Salah-e'deen had decided the battle even before it was fought.
But he had not decided how many of his host were to be
slain on the soil of Galilee by the swords of the Christians.
As the day advanced, the two armies beheld each other.
Salah-e'deen waited till the sun was up, and then "the sons of
heaven and the children of fire fought their great battle. "
The Christians fought as they were accustomed. Their heat
and thirst were terrible, and increased by the enemy setting fire
to the dry brush and grass, from which the strong wind blew a
dense smoke toward them, nearly suffocating them.
The scene was like a very hell; knights and devils contending
among flames. Again and again the bands of Templars threw
themselves on the Saracen front, and endeavored to pierce their
way through its steel wall to reach the citadel of Tiberias, but
in vain. The cry of the battle-field went up, among smoke and
flame, before God, and he permitted the end to come. "Holy
Cross! " shouted the grand-master of the Templars, as he fought
his way toward the banner of the Kalif, followed by his brave
knights. "Raymond for the Sepulchre! " rang over the clash of
steel in the front of the battle. "Ha! Ha! Renaud - Renaud —
Chatillon-Carrac - No rescue! Strike, strike! " shouted the
proud retainers of the old knight, who were reveling in the blood
of the conflict.
By this time, in the centre of the field, the fight had grown
thickest and most fierce around the True Cross, which was up-
held on a slight eminence by the bishop of Ptolemais. Around
it the bravest knights were collected. There Geoffrey of Lusig-
nan, brother to the King, performed miracles of valor; and the
Knights of the Temple and the Knights of St. John vied with
each other in bravery. As the fray grew darker, and shafts flew
swifter around them, and one by one they fell down before the
holy wood, the stern, calm voice of the bishop was heard, chanting,
XX-740
## p. 11826 (#456) ##########################################
11826
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
"De profundis clamavi ad te, Domine; Domine, exaudi vocem
meam! ” in tones that overpowered the din of battle, and reached
the ears of the dying even as they departed. Nearest of all to
the Cross was a man wielding a sword which had already done
fearful work on the Saracens. The sign on his back was not
sufficient to distinguish him from other soldiers; but they who
fought by his side well knew the brave precentor of the Sepul-
chre, bishop of Lydda, the city of St. George. How many souls
he had sent to hell that day it is impossible to relate. He and
four others remained around the old bishop of Ptolemais, who
was fainting for loss of blood; for many arrows had pierced him,
and his life was fast failing. "Bohemond for the Cross! shouted
the young Prince of Antioch, as he swept the Paynims down by
scores. "St. George! St. George! " shouted the holy bishop, his
bright eye flashing around him. He caught sight of the totter-
ing Cross, as the bishop of Ptolemais went down dead. Springing
toward it, he seized it with his left arm, and with prodigious
strength threw himself into the faces of the foe. The lightning
is not more fierce and fast than were the blows of his sword, as
he hewed his way along, followed by Bohemond of Antioch, and
Renaud of Sidon, and one unknown Knight of the Temple. The
latter pressed forward to the side of the brave bishop. Bohemond
and Renaud were separated from them, but the two fought on
alone, in the midst of thousands of their enemies.
At length the unequal contest was well-nigh over.
The eye of Salah-e'deen was fixed on the dense mass that
surrounded the Cross. He smiled bitterly as he saw it trembling
and ready to fall from the hands of the gallant bishop, who held
it with his left arm, while with his right he cursed the Infidels
with the curse of steel, that damned them then, there, and for-
ever. Well might the Soldan believe that as long as he held
that holy wood, so long his mighty arm would remain strong,
and blood replace in his brave heart the floods that issued from
his wounds. But he grew faint at length, and yet shouting in
clear tones, "St. George! St. George! " knelt down by the Cross,
shielded by the stout arm of the brave Templar, who fought
above him, unwounded and undaunted, though he now found
himself last knight at the Cross of his Lord.
One glance of his eye over the plain told him that all was
lost; and nothing now remained for him but to die bravely for
God and for Jerusalem. Far over the field, above the summit of
## p. 11827 (#457) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11827
the Mount of Transfiguration, he beheld the heavens opened, and
saw the gates of pearl. Clear and distinct above the clash of
arms and loud cries of the field of blood, he heard the voices
of the angels singing triumphant songs. So he took courage as
the darkness of the battle gathered blacker around him.
For now, as the bishop of Lydda fell prostrate on the ground,
the Cross had nearly fallen, and the Paynims, raising a shout of
triumph, rushed in on their solitary foe. But they rushed through
the gates of hell, sheer down the depths of death, to everlasting
perdition. Down came the flashing axe on head and shoulder
and limb; down through eyes and chin and breast; so that when
they went to Hades in that plight, their prophet had difficulty in
recognizing them even as of mortal shape.
The dead lay all around him. He trod down his iron heel
in their faces, and crushed it in their chests, and laughed as he
dealt those more than human blows with cool, calm aim, but
lightning force and velocity. No sound but the clashing steel was
heard in this part of the plain, where for a while it appeared as
if the saint of the fallen bishop were standing over him in arms
for the cause of the Sepulchre.
But every inch of his armor bristled with arrows that were
drinking his blood; a well-sped javelin had made a hideous open-
ing in his throat, and the foam from his lips was dropping red
on his steel breastplate.
Looking up once more, far over hill and plain, he saw again
the battlements of heaven, and a shining company that were
approaching even to his very front. The battle-field was visible
no longer; but close beside him, the Divine eyes of the Virgin
Mother were fixed on him with the same look that she of old
fixed on that Cross when holier blood than his ran down its beam.
But that was not all that he saw.
There was a hideous sin on the soul of the Knight of the
Cross. To expiate that sin he had long ago left the fair land of
France, where he had lordly possessions, to become an unknown
brother of the order of the Temple. And now through the fast-
gathering gloom he saw the face of that one so beloved and so
wronged, as she lay on the very breast of the matchless Virgin;
and the radiance of her countenance was the smile of heaven
Though he saw all this, the gallant knight fought on, and his
swift falchion flashed steadfastly above the mêlée. But then
there was a sudden pause: his lost love lay warm and close on
## p. 11828 (#458) ##########################################
11828
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
his breast, lay clasped in his arms, on his heart of hearts! He
murmured a name long forbidden to his priestly lips, and then,
waking one instant to the scene around him, he sprang at the
throat of a Saracen, grasped it with his stiffening fingers, and the
soul of the Paynim went out with his, as he departed to join
the great assembly of the soldiers of the Cross. So the Cross
was lost on the field of Galilee.
Guy of Lusignan, eighth and last King of Jerusalem, with a
small band of faithful knights, still held his ground on the hill
of Hattin. When the Cross vanished from the field, a wail of
anguish rose from all the plain, and quivered in the air at the
very gates of the celestial city. Raymond of Tripoli and Renaud
of Sidon cut their way through the ranks of Saracens, and
escaped around the foot of Mount Tabor to Ptolemais. All the
rest that were living fell into the hands of Salah-e'deen; and
the next day, with his own sword, he executed his threatened
vengeance on Reginald of Chatillon, hewing him down to the
ground and leaving him to be dispatched by his followers. The
fearful sacrifice which he then made of the Templars; how they
crowded to it, and others sought to be included in the martyr-
dom, is a well-known page of history. Not so the statement of
an old chronicler, that "during the three following nights, when
the bodies of the holy martyrs were lying still unburied, a ray
of celestial light shone over them from above. "
The Cross which was lost on this field was never regained by
Christians. It remained for some time in the custody of Salah-
e'deen; and a few years later—that is, in A. D. 1192—the same
chronicler describes the visits of pilgrims to Jerusalem, where
they were allowed by the Kalif "to have a sight of the Holy
Cross. "
A NEW ENGLAND AUCTION: THE LONELY CHURCH IN THE
VALLEY
From Along New England Roads. ' Copyright 1892, by Harper and Brothers
IT
T WAS in May. The forests further north had been just tinged
with that delicious mauve color which is caused by the swell-
ing buds of the maples, and which from day to day changes
into pink and hazy sky-blue, and at length, when the buds burst,
into green.
But here the green had won the day; and the view
## p. 11829 (#459) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11829
in all directions, as I drove along, was fresh and full of promise.
When the road led through forest, both sides were luxuriant
with the close-packed masses of ferns just commencing summer
life; and in the woods were hosts of purple and striped blossoms
of the trilium, the glory of our northern forests in the early sea-
son. I came out from a piece of woods on a plain where the
road went straight ahead in full view for a half-mile. Nearly
that distance ahead stood a farm-house, with its barns and out-
buildings. The house stood back from the road among fruit-
trees, some of which were in blossom. But what especially
attracted attention was a large number of horses and wagons,
vehicles of various descriptions, which made the front yard and
the road near the house look black.
Only two events in the country life are likely to cause such a
gathering around a house. When you see it, you are quite safe
in thinking that there is a funeral or an auction sale. Either is
sure to bring together all the wagons of a very wide-spread pop-
ulation. There is this difference, however, that to the funeral
men and women and children come, but to the "vandue" only
men.
―――――
As I approached the house, I began to pass horses tied to
fences and small trees. Everything in the shape of a hitching-
post, everything to which a halter could be tied, was in use; and
when I reached the front gate there were groups of men SO
occupied here and there that no doubt could exist that this was
an auction sale. It was undoubtedly a funeral in one sense,-
not of any one dead, but of a home. It was the extinguishment
of a fire that had been burning on a hearth a great many years.
It took but a little while to learn from those who were grouped
near the gate the reasons for the auction. This group consisted
of men who had come only because it was an occasion for meet-
ing people; a chance for general talk and exchange of little
news, a break in the monotony of country life. Near the barn
was another group inspecting cows. They had no interest in the
sale of furniture in the house. On the front lawn was another
group. I fancied they were discussing the value of the farm,
whether it was worth the mortgage on it, whether any one was
likely to bid on it. As I walked in towards the door I saw that
there were people in all parts of the house, most of them in the
large kitchen, whence the voice of the auctioneer was audible.
As I entered he was selling cooking utensils, getting from a
## p. 11830 (#460) ##########################################
11830
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
cent to six cents apiece, rarely as much as ten cents for any
article.
I confess that as I looked around this kitchen, on this scene,
I felt very much as if it were a funeral, and began to think that
I had an interest in, a personal acquaintance with, the departed.
It had been for a long lifetime the home of an honest, respected
farmer, who had recently died; an old man whose work was
ended. His children, all but one daughter, had gone to distant
parts of the country. His wife had died a year before. The
property must be sold to settle his small estate, pay his funeral
expenses and perhaps other claims. There was to be also an
attempt to find a purchaser for the farm, but it was thought the
holder of a mortgage on it would be the only possible bidder.
That life was to be closed out forever. Wherein much of
it had consisted was here visible. It was displayed for public
view, and any stranger was free to rove from room to room and
see the record; for nothing was reserved, -not even the clothing,
or the old man's silver watch, or his wife's work-basket with
knitting-needles and scissors, and a knife with a broken blade,
and a ball of blue yarn and a half-knit woolen stocking.
Here was a summing-up of the total reward in this world's
valuables which a long, laborious life had earned. I can never
cease to feel indignation at the preachers about labor and its
rewards, who imagine that workmen in the trades are the only
laborers to be considered; who are deceived by the idea that the
various societies of "working-men" represent one-tenth of the
hard-working men of our country; who imagine that the labor
question relates only to that small number of persons who work
for fixed pay, eight or ten hours a day.
The life of this man from his childhood had been one of
incessant labor, hard work; beginning daily long before daylight,
ending so wearily after dark that he welcomed sleep as the only
rest he knew. Your ten-hour city laborer does not know what
work means; and never will know till he acquires a farm, and
has to support life by digging for himself, paying himself for
his work, and finding that to the vast body of American farm-
ers, fourteen hours a day of labor earns bare subsistence.
The life labor in this house and on this farm showed in the
end, as the laborer's pay when all work was done, just nothing
beyond the bare support of the life. Less, indeed, than that; for
there was a mortgage on the farm, which represented a demand
## p. 11831 (#461) ##########################################
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
11831
of some pressing need, or a steady, slow falling behind, from year
to year.
The home furniture was not luxurious; far otherwise. But it
was not altogether without interest. There was an old chest of
drawers in one room, which probably belonged to the mother;
possibly came from her mother when she was married.
It was
made of solid cherry-wood; and the old brass mountings were,
for a wonder, brilliant as if new. There was a small looking-
glass hanging on a wall, in a frame once of great beauty, the
relief ornaments on it being ears of golden grain. There were
some pictures in black-pine frames, without glass. None had
any money value, but each had higher than money value, because
they had been the delights of that family life. Children had
grown up looking at them daily, their young imaginations wan-
dering far away under the guiding influence of art.
Mark you,
my friend, art brings its blessings not alone by the power of
renowned artists, by the works of great masters.
There are
very rude pictures, pictures which provoke the derision of ignor-
ant critics, pictures which have had mighty influence in swaying
human minds. There was a fifteenth-century artist in Cologne
whose Bible pictures, in rough, hard outlines, were the educators
of millions of people for a century and more after he was dead.
It is the thought written in the picture which is its power; not
the execution, which is of account to very few who see it. There
is no possible doubt that that old painted print of Ruth glean-
ing, and that other of the raising of the Widow's Son, of Nain,
had impressed lessons on young minds not to be effaced in this
world's experiences, perhaps not in any other world.
The old kitchen seemed to be the place wherein the life had
left its strongest marks. And yet they were not many. There
was a little printed calendar of a long year ago pasted on the
side of the chimney. There was a clock (not worth your pur-
chasing, my friend) standing high up on a wooden shelf. There
was a dresser whereon the family crockery was piled for sale.
Having in mind friends who want old crockery, I looked over
the pieces, one by one; but found nothing worth a stranger's
purchasing, except perhaps one English plate, with a blue print,
—the rich dark blue wherein the cheap Staffordshire wares sur-
passed all other, Oriental and Occidental, potteries or porcelains.
But the table was there,- a very old square table, made of
black ash, with four solid legs. It had no claim to notice for
## p. 11832 (#462) ##########################################
11832
WILLIAM COWPER PRIME
any beauty about it. But around it the family had been gath-
ered, morning, noon, and evening. First the young man and
his wife had sat there alone, happy, hopeful. Years had fulfilled
all they had hoped for, had brought little heads to the sides of
the table, and years had changed them into older and perhaps
wiser heads. All the troubles and all the happiness of every
one of them had been brought to the assemblies at that kitchen
table. Christmases, Thanksgiving days, wedding days of daugh-
ters, days when the minister was to make his annual visit,- all
the gala days of life had loaded the table with unusual feasts.
And always, with unfailing humility and gratitude, the voice of
the father had been heard at the head of the board, thanking
God as sincerely as if the farm had been a gold mine instead of
slow-yielding soil.
I was in the house but a few minutes. As I drove rapidly
down the road, I overtook a man going home from the sale. I
am not fond of "buying bargains" in such cases. If there had
been anything to tempt me, I could not comfortably own a pur-
chase out of that household at the poor prices things were bring-
ing. But this man was carrying home something. As I turned
out and drove by him he held it up for me to see. We went
along side by side.
"What have you got there? "
"I don't know. I think it's an old pitcher they used in a
church. "
"What did you buy it for? "
"I don't know. I s'pose I can sell it to some one. "
"How much do you want for it? "
"I don't know what it's worth. "
"Well, speak quick, if you want to sell," and my horses were
pulling ahead hard.
"I don't know as I care to sell it. "
"All right," and I went ahead rapidly.
"Will you give two dollars? " came in a shout after me.
"Will you take it? "
"Yes. "
It
He came up alongside of me, and I took my purchase.
was never church property; quite otherwise.
