No More Learning

l. c. , xii. p. 558. ) In in the senate of harbouring revolutionary schemes
B. c. 56, when A. Gabinius, the proconsul of Syria, hoping to get bim condemned to death. But Ar-
was making preparations for a war against the chelaus was then at such an advanced age, or at
Parthians, Archelaus went to Syria and offered to least pretended to be so, that it appeared unneces
take part in the war; but this plan was soon aban- sary to take away his life. He was, however,
doned, as other prospects opened before him. Be- obliged to remain at Rome, where he died soon
renice, the daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, who after after, A. D. 17. Cappadocia was then made a
the expulsion of her father bad become queen of Roman province. (Dion Cass. , Tacit. ll. cc. ; Suet.
Egypt, wished to marry a prince of royal blood, Tib. 37, Calig. 1; Strab. xii. p. 534. ) (J. . S. )
and Archelaus, pretending to be a son of Mithri- The annexed coin of Archelaus contains on the
dates Eupator, sued for her band, and succeeded. reverse a club and the inscription BAZIAENS AP-
(Strab. U. cc. ; Dion Cass. l. c. ) According to Strabo, XEAAOT PIA(A? )ONATPIAOE TOT KTIETOT.
the Roman senate would not permit Archelaus to He is called itlotns, according to Eckhel (iii
. p.
take part in the war against Parthia, and Arche 201), on account of his having founded the city of
laus left Gabinius in secret ; whereas, according to Eleusa in an island of the same name, off the coast
Dion Cassius, Gabinius was induced by bribes to of Cilicia (Comp. Joseph. Ant. xvi. 4. & 6. )
assist Archelaus in his suit for the hand of Bere
nice, while at the same time he received bribes
from Ptolemy Auletes on the understanding that
he would restore him to his throne. Archelaus
enjoyed the honour of king of Egypt only for six
months, for Gabinius kept his promise to Ptolemy,
and in B. c. 55 he marched with an army into
Egypt, and in the battle which ensued, Archelaus
lost his crown and his life. His daughter too was
put to death. (Strab. U. cc. ; Dion Cass. xxxix. 58; ARCHELA'US ('Apxéxaos), a PHILOSOPHER
Liv. Epit. lib. 105; Cic. pro Rabir. Post. 8; Val. of the Ionian school, called Physicus from baring
Max. z. 1, extern. 6. ) M. Antonius, who had been been the first to teach at Athens the physical doc-
connected with the family of Archelans by ties of trines of that philosophy. This statement, which
hospitality and friendship, had his body searched is that of Laërtius (i. 16), is contradicted by the
for among the dead, and buried it in a manner assertion of Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom. i. p. 30),
worthy of a king. (Plut. Ant. 3. )
that Anaxagoras μετήγαγεν από της Ιωνίας Αθή-
3. A son of the preceding, and his successor in vaše triv Slatpi6nv, but the two may be reconciled
the office of high priest of Comana. (Strab. xvii. by supposing with Clinton (F. H. i. p. 51), that
p. 796, xii. p. 558. ) In B. c. 51, in which year Archelaus was the first Athenian who did só. For
Cicero was proconsul of Cilicia, Archelaus assisted the fact that he was a native of Athens, is consi-
with troops and money those who created disturb- dered by Ritter as nearly established on the autho-
ances in Cappadocia and threatened king Ariobar-rity of Simplicius (in Phys. Aristot. fol. 6, b. ), as it
zanes II. ; but Cicero compelled Archelaus to quit was probably obtained by him from Theophrastus ;
Cappadocia. (Cic. ad Fam. xv. 4. ) In B. c. 47, and we therefore reject the statement of other
J. Caesar, after the conclusion of the Alexandrine writers, that Àrchelaus was a Milesian. He was
war, deprived Archelaus of his office of high priest, the son of Apollodorus, or as some say, of Mydon,
and gave it to Lycomedes. (Appian, de Bell. Mithr. Midon, (Suid. ) or Myson, and is said to have
121; Hirt. de Bell. Alex. 66. )
taught at Lampsacus before he established himself
4. A son of the preceding. (Strab. xvii. p. 796. ) at Athens. He is commonly reported to have
In B. c. 34, Antony, after having expelled Ariara- numbered Socrates and Furipides among his pupils.
thes, gave to Archelaus the kingdom of Cappadocia if he was the instructor of the former, it is strange
--a favour which he owed to the charms of his thai he is never mentioned by Xenophon, Plato,
mother, Glaphyra (Dion Cass. xlix. 32 ; Strab. or Aristotle ; and the tradition which connects him
xii. p. 540. ) Appian (de Bell. Civ. v. 7), who with Euripides may have arisen from a confusion
places this event in the year B. C. 41, calls the son with his namesake Archelaus, king of Macedonia,
of Glaphyra, to whom Antony gave Cappadocia, the well-known patron of that poet.
Sisinna ; which, if it is not a mistake, may have The doctrine of Archclaus is remarkable, as
LU
X


## p. 264 (#284) ############################################

264
ARCHELAUS.
ARCHELAUS.
forming a point of transition from the older to the Archelaus fiourished B. C. 450.
In that rear
newer form of philosophy in Greece. In the men- Anaxagoras withdrew from Athens, and during
tal history of all nations it is observable that scien- his absence Archelaus is said to have taught so
tific inquiries are first confined to natural objects, crates. (Laërt. I. c. ) To the authorities giren
and afterwards pass into moral speculations; and above add Brucker, Hist. Crit. Phil. ii. 2, 1; Ritter,
B0, among the Greeks, the Ionians were occupied Geschichte der Phil. in. 9; Tennemann, Grundriss
with physics, the Socratic schools chiefly with der Gesch. der Phil. & 107. (G. E. L. C. )
ethics. Archelaus is the union of the two: he was ARCHELA'US ('Apxéraos), a Greck poet, is
the last recognized leader of the former (succeeding called an Egyptian, and is believed to have been
Diogenes of Apollonia in that character), and added a native of a town in Egypt called Chersonesus, as
to the physical system of his teacher, Anaxagoras, he is also called Chersonesita. (Antig. Caryst. 19;
some attempts at moral speculation. He held that Athen. xii. p. 554. ) He wrote epigrams, some of
air and infinity (TÒ ăneipov) are the principle of which are still extant in the Greek Anthologr,
all things, by which Plutarch (Plac. Phil. i. 3) and Jacobs seems to infer from an epigram of his
supposes that he meant infinite air; and we are on Alexander the Great (Anthol. Planud. 120)
told, that by this statement he intended to exclude that Archelaus lived in the time of Alexander and
the operations of mind from the creation of the Prolemy Soter. Lobeck (Aglaoph. p. 749), on the
world. (Stob. Ecl. Phys. i. 1, 2. ) If so, he abandoned other hand, places him in the reign of Ptolemy
the doctrine of Anaxagoras in its most important Euergetes 11. But both of these opinions are
point; and it therefore seems safer to conclude connected with chronological difficulties, and
with Ritter, that while he wished to inculcate Westermann has shewn that Archelaus in all pro-
the materialist notion that the mind is formed of bability flourished under Ptolemy Philadelphus, to
air, he still held infinite mind to be the cause of whom, according to Antigonus Carystius (l. C. ,
all things. This explanation has the advantage of comp. 89), he narrated wonderful stories (Tapa-
agreeing very fairly with that of Simplicius (1. c. ); doa) in epigrams. Besides this peculiar kind of
and as Anaxagoras himself did not accurately dis epigrams, Archelaus wrote a work called idioovi,
tinguish between mind and the animal soul, this i. e. strange or peculiar animals (Athen. ix. p. 409;
confusion may have given rise to his pupil's doc- Diog. Laërt. ii. 17), which seems to have likewise
trine.
Archelaus deduced motion from the opposi- been written in verse, and to have created on
tion of heat and cold, caused of course, if we adopt strange and paradoxical subjects, like his epigrams.
the above hypothesis, by the will of the material (Plin. Elench. lib. xxviii. ; Schol. ad Nicand. Ther.
mind. This opposition separated fire and water, 822 ; Artemid. Oneirocr. iv. 22. Compare Wester-
and produced a slimy mass of earth. While the mann, Scriptor. Rer. mirabil. Graeci, p. xxi. , &c. ,
earth was hardening, the action of heat upon its who has also collected the extant fragments of
moisture gave birth to animals, which at first were Archelaus, p. 158, &c. )
[L. S. ]
nourished by the mud from which they sprang, ARCHELA'US ('Apxéraos), a Greek RHETO
and gradually acquired the power of propagating RICIAN of uncertain date, who wrote on his pro-
their species. All these animals were endowed fession ; whence he is called texvoypúpos doiwp.
with mind, but man separated from the others, and (Diog. Laërt. ii. 17. )
(L. S. )
established laws and societies. It was just from ARCHELA'US, a SCULPTOR of Priene, the son
this point of his physical theory that he seems to of Apollonius, made the marble bas-relief repre-
have passed into ethical speculation, by the propo- senting the Apotheosis of Homer, which formerly
sition, that right and wrong are où quoei ama vouc belonged to the Colonna family at Rome, and is
-a dogma probably suggested to him, in its form at now in the Townley Gallery of the British Museum
least, by the contemporary Sophists. But when we (Inscription on the work). The style of the bas
consider the purely mechanical and materialistic relief, which is little, if at all, inferior to the best
character of his physics, which make every thing remains of Grecian art, confirms the supposition
arise from the separation or distribution of the pri- that Archelaus was the son of Apollonius of Rhodes
mary elements, we shall see that nothing, except (APOLLONIUS), and that he flourished in the first
the original chaotic mass, is strictly by nature century of the Christian aera. From the circum-
(pvoel), and that Archelaus assigns the same origin stance of the “ Apotheosis” having been found in
to right and wrong that he does to man. Now a the palace of Claudius at Bovillae (now Frattocchi),
contemporaneous origin with that of the human coupled with the known admiration of that emperor
race is not rery different from what a sound sys for Homer (Suet. Claud. 42), it is generally supposed
tem of philosophy would demand for these ideas, that the work was executed in his reign. A de
though of course such a system would maintain scription of the bas-relief, and a list of the works
quite another origin of man; and therefore, assum- in which it is referred to, is given in The Townley
ing the Archelaic physical system, it does not ne- Gallery, in the Library of Entertaining Knowledge,
cessarily follow, that his ethical principles are so ii. p. 120.
[P. S. )
destr. Mive of all goodness as they appear. This ARCHELA'US ('Apxénaos), king of SPARTA,
view is made almost certain by the fact that De- 1 7 th of the Agids, son of Agesilaus I. , contempo
mocritus taught, that the ideas of sweet and bitter, rary with Charilaus, with whom he took Aegys, a
warm and cold, &c. , are by vóuos, which can be town on the Arcadian border, said to have revolt-
accounted for only by a similar supposition. ed, but probahly then first taken. (Paus. iii. 2;
Of the other doctrines of Archelaus we need Plut. Lyc. 5; Euseb. Praep. v. 32. ) [A. H. C. )
only mention, that he asserted the earth to have ARCHELA'US ('Apxéraos), son of 'THEODO-
the form of an egg, the sun being the largest of the US, was appointed by Alexander the Great the
stars; and that he correctly accounted for speech military commander in Susiana, B. C. 300. (Arrian,
by the motion of the air. For this, according to Mi. 16; Curt. v. 2. ) In the division of the provinces
Plutarch (Plac. Phil. iv. 19), he was indebted in 323, Archelaus obtained Mesopotamia. (Dexipp.
10 Anaxagoras.
ap. Phot. Cod. 82, p. 64, b. , ed. Bekker. )


## p. 265 (#285) ############################################

ARCHESTRATUS.
265
ARCHIAS.
"
ARCIIEÄMACIUS ('Apxéuaxos). There are tiquity, and is constantly referred to by Athenaeus.
two mythical personages of this name, concerning In no part of the Hellenic world was the art of
whom nothing of interest is known, the one a son good living carried to such an extent as in Sicily
of Hemcles and the other a son of Priam. (Apollod. (the Siculae dapes, Hor. Carm. ii. 1. 18, became
ii. 7. $ 8, iii. 12. & 5. )
(L. S. ] proverbial); and Terpsion, who is described as 1
ARCHE'MACHUŚ ('Apxéuayos), of Euboch, teacher of Archestratus, had already written a
wrote a work on his native country, which con- work on the Art of Cookery. (Athen. viii. p. 337,
sisted at least of three books. (Strab. x. p. 465; b. ) The work of Archestratus is cited by the an-
Athen. vi. p. 264, a. ; Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. cients under five different titles,-l'actponovia,
327, a ed. Paris, 1629 ; Ηarpocrat. 5. 5. Κοτύλαιον | Γαστρονομία, Οψοποιΐα, Δειπνολογία, and Ηδυπά-
O pos; Plut. de Is. et Osir. c. 27. ) Whether this Deia. ' Ennius wrote an imitation or translation of
Archelaus was the author of the grammatical work this poem under the title of Carmina Helypatheticu
Ai Metwvuuía. (Schol. ad Apolion. Rhod. iv. or liedypathica. (Apul. Apol. p. 484, Oudend. )
262), is uncertain.
Archestratus delivered his precepts in the style
ARCHEMOʻRUS ('Apxéuwpos), a son of the and with the gravity of the old gnomic poets,
Nemean king Lycurgus, and Eurydice. His real whence he is called in joke the Hesiod or Thcognis
name was Opheltes, which was said to have been of gluttons, and his work is referred to as the
changed into Archemorus, that is, “the Forerunner “Golden Verses,” like those of Pythagoras. (Athen.
of death,” on the following occasion. When the vii. pp. 310, a. 320,f. ) His description of the various
Seven heroes on their expedition against Thebes natural objects used for the table was so accurate,
stopped at Nemea to take in water, the nurse of that Aristotle made use of his work in giving an
the child Opheltes, while shewing the way to the account of the natural history of fishes. The ex-
Seven, left the child alone. In the meantime, the tant fragments have been collected and explained
child was killed by a dragon, and buried by the by Schneider, in his edition of Aristotle's Natural
Seven. But as Amphiaraus saw in this accident History (vol. i. pp. lv. -lxxv. ), and also by Do-
an omen boding destruction to him and his com- menico Scina, under the title of " I frammenti
panions, they called the child Archemorus, and della Gastronomia di Archestrato raccolti e volgit-
instituted the Nemean games in honour of him. rizzati," Palermo, 1823, 8vo.
(Apollod. iii. 6. $ 4. )
(L. S. ] 2. The author of a work Tepl Aŭanta (Athen.
ARCHE'NOR ('Apxýrop), one of the Niobids xiv. p. 634, d. ) seems to be a different person from
(Hygin. Fab. 11), and perhaps the same who is the one mentioned above.
called by Orid (Met. vi. 248) Alphenor. The ARCHETI'MUS ('Apxetiuós), of Syracuse,
names of the Niobids, however, differ very much wrote an account of the interview of Thales and
in the different lists.
(L. S. ] the other wise men of Greece with Cypselus of
ARCHESITA. [ARCESILAUS, Artists, No. 4. ] Corinth, at which Archetimus was present. (Diog.
ARCHESTRATUS ('Apxéotpatos). 1. One Laert. i. 40. )
of the ten otpatnyol who were appointed to super- A'RCHIÁS ('Apxlas), of Corinth, the founder
sede Alcibiades in the command of the Athenian of Syracuse, B. c. 734. He was a Heracleid, either
fleet after the battle of Notium, B. C. 407. Xenon of the Bacchiad or the Temenid line, and of high
phon and Diodorus, who give us his name in this account at Corinth. In consequence of the death
list, say no more of him ; but we learn from Lysias of Actaeon (ACTAEON, No. 2) he resolved to leave
that he died at Mytilene, and he appears therefore his country. He consulted the Delphic Oracle,
to have been with Conon when Callicratidas which directed him, says Pausanias, who gives the
chased the Athenian fleet thither from 'Exatór three hexameters, “to an Ortygia in Trinacrin,
mooi (Xen. Hell. i. 5.