No More Learning

1330 (28 June) Defeat of the Bulgarians by the Serbians at the battle of
Velbužd.


## p. 906 (#948) ############################################

906
Chronological Table
1331 (8 Sept. ) Coronation of Stephen Dušan as King of Serbia.
1336 Birth of Timur.
1337 The Ottomans capture Nicomedia.
Conquest of Cilicia by the Mamlūks.
1341 Succession of John V Palaeologus. Rebellion of John Cantacuzene.
1342-1344 Guy of Lusignan King of Cilicia.
1342–1349 Revolution of the Zealots at Thessalonica.
1344-1363 Reign of Constantine IV in Cilicia.
1345 Stephen Dušan conquers Macedonia.
1346 Stephen Dušan crowned Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks.
1347 John VI Cantacuzene takes Constantinople.
1348 Foundation of the Despotat of Mistra.
1349 Independence of Moldavia.
1350 Serbo-Greek treaty.
1354 The Turks take Gallipoli.
1355 Abdication of John VI Cantacuzene. Restoration of John V.
(20 Dec. ) Death of Stephen Dušan.
1356 The Turks begin to settle in Europe.
1357 The Turks capture Hadrianople.
1359–1389 Reign of Murād I.
1360 Formation of the Janissaries from tribute-children.
1363–1373 Reign of Constantine V in Cilicia.
1365 The Turks establish their capital at Hadrianople.
1368 Foundation of the Ming dynasty in China.
1369 (21 Oct. ) John V abjures the schism.
1371 (26 Sept. ) Battle of the Maritza.
Death of Stephen Uroš V.
1373 The Emperor John V becomes the vassal of the Sultan Murād.
1373-1393 Leo VI of Lusignan, the last King of Armenia.
1375 Capture and exile of Leo VI of Armenia.
1376-1379 Rebellion of Andronicus IV.
Coronation of Tvrtko as King of the Serbs and Bosnia.
1379 Restoration of John V.
1382 Death of Louis the Great of Hungary.
1387 Turkish defeat ou the Toplica.
Surrender of Thessalonica to the Turks.
1389 (15 June) Battle of Kossovo; fall of the Serbian Empire.
1389-1403 Reign of Bāyazīd.
1390 Usurpation of John VII Palaeologus.
1391 Death of John V. Accession of Manuel II Palaeologus.
(23 Mar. ) Death of Tvrtko I.
Capture of Philadelphia by the Turks.
1393 Turkish conquest of Thessaly.
(17 July) Capture of Trnovo; end of the Bulgarian Empire.
1394 (10 Oct. ) Turkish victory at Rovine in Wallachia.
1396 25 Sept. ) Battle of Nicopolis.
1397 Bāyazid attacks Constantinople.
1398 The Turks invade Bosnia.
Tīmūr invades India and sacks Delhi.
1401 Tīmūr sacks Baghdad.
1402 (28 July) Tīmūr defeats the Ottoman Sultan Bāyazīd at Angora.
1402–1413 Civil war among the Ottoman Turks.
1403 (21 Nov. ) Second battle of Kossovo.
1405 Death of Tīmūr.
1409 Council of Pisa.
1413-1421 Reign of Mahomet I.
1413 (10 July) Turkish victory at Chamorlū.
1416 The Turks declare war on Venice.
(29 May) Turkish fleet defeated off Gallipoli.
1418 Death of Mirčea the Great of Wallachia.


## p. 907 (#949) ############################################

Chronological Table
907
1421-1451 Reign of Murād II.
1422 Siege of Constantinople by the Turks.
1423 Turkish expedition into the Morea.
Thessalonica purchased by Venice.
1423-1448 Reign of John VIII Palaeologus.
1426 Battle of Choirokoitia.
1430 Capture of Thessalonica by the Turks.
1431 Council of Basle opens.
1432 Death of the last Frankish Prince of Achaia.
1438 (9 April) Opening of the Council of Ferrara.
1439 (10 Jan. ) The Council of Ferrara removed to Florence.
(6 July) The Union of Florence.
Completion of the Turkish conquest of Serbia.
1440 The Turks besiege Belgrade.
1441 John Hunyadi appointed vojvode of Transylvania.
1443-146 Skanderbeg's war of independence against the Turks.
1444 (July) Peace of Szegedin.
(10 Nov. ) Battle of Varna.
1446 Turkish invasion of the Morea.
1448 (17 Oct. ) Third battle of Kossovo. Accession of Constantine XI Palaeo-
logus.
1451 Accession of Mahomet II.
1453 (29 May) Capture of Constantinople by the Turks.
1456 The Turks again besiege Belgrade.
1457 Stephen the Great succeeds in Moldavia.
1458 The Turks capture Athens.
1459 Final end of medieval Serbia.
1461 Turkish conquest of Trebizond.
1462–1479 War between Venice and the Turks.
1463 Turkish conquest of Bosnia.
1468 Turkish conquest of Albania.
1475 Stephen the Great of Moldavia defeats the Turks at Racova.
1479 Venice cedes Scutari to the Turks.
1484 The Montenegrin capital transferred to Cetinje.
1489 Venice acquires Cyprus.
1499 Renewal of Turco-Venetian War.
1517 Conquest of Egypt by the Turks.
1523 Conquest of Rhodes by the Turks.
1537-1540 Third Turco-Venetian War.
1571 Conquest of Cyprus from Venice by the Turks.


## p. 908 (#950) ############################################

1


## p. 909 (#951) ############################################

909
INDEX
136 sq.
122 sg.
Aaron, son of Shishman, Bulgarian chief, Abū’l-Aghlab, Saracen governor of Sicily,
239; executed, 240, 242
Aaron the Bulgarian, general of Michael VI, Abū’l-'Alà al-Ma'arri, blind Arab poet,
321
290
Abāghā, Īl-Kbān of Persia, 175; and Leo III Abū’l-Aswār, governor of Dwin, 164 sq.
of Armenia, 176
Abū’l-'Atābiyah, Arab poet, 290
Abas Bagratuni, Armenian prince, 159 Abu'l-Faraj Isfabāni, Arab writer, 290; his
Abas, King of Armenia, 161
Book of Songs, 293
Abasgia, Abasgians (Abkhaz), King of, and Abū’l-Fidā, on death of Kai-Khusrū I, 484
Basil II, 95, see Bagarat, Ber
note
'Abbās, Abbasid prince, defeats Byzantines, Abū’l-Futūḥ, Arab mystical author, 306
Abū’l Maḥāsin, 133 note
'Abbās, son of the Caliph Ma'mūn, 128 sq. ; Abu'l-Qāsim, Turkish emir of Nicaea, and
conspires against Mu'tasim, 130
Alexius I, 331
‘Abbās ibn al-Fadl ibn Ya'qūb, commander Abū-Muslim, governor of Rai, and Sultan
in Sicily, 137; death of, 138
Barkiyāruq, 309
*Abbās ibn al-Walid, Umayyad prince, Abū-Nasr al-Kunduri, vizier of Țughril Beg,
general in Paphlagonia, 120
305
Abbasid dynasty of Caliphs at Baghdad, 36, Abū-Nuwās, Arab poet, 290
38, 122; decline of, 151 sq. , 157, 277 sqq. , Abū-Sa'id, emir of Syria and Mesopotamia,
302; civilization during, Chap. X (A) 130, 132
passim; religious orthodoxy of, 288, 292, Abū-Saʻid, Īl-Khān of Persia, 644, 652
301; literature under, 289 sqq. ; churches Abū ſālib al-Makki, author of Sufi treatise
built under, 289; dynasty at Cairo, 279; Sustenance of the Souls, 293
see Caliphs
Abydos, Bardas Phocas defeated at, 88 sqq. ;
*Abd-al-Aziz, Saracen emir, captured by 119; captured by Saracens, 141; 344;
Nicephorus Phocas, 69
captured by Latins, 424; 481
•Abd-al-Kabir, Saracen general, 124
Acarnania, assigned to Venetians, 421; held
*Abdallāh, Abbasid prince, emir of Syria, 122 by Carlo Tocco, 461; by Serbia, 543, 552
*Abdallāh ibn Tāhir, Saracen general, 127 Acciajuoli, Florentine family, and duchy
'Abdallah ibn Tūmait, founder of the of Athens, 431, 454; see Antonio, Fran.
Almohad dynasty, 306
cesco, Franco, Nerio, Niccolò
•Abd-al-Malik, emir of Mesopotamia, cap- Achaia, principality of, founded, 422, 433 sq. ;
tures Camacha, 125 sq.
423; 431; organization of, 437; 443;
*Abd-al-Wahhāb, Abbasid prince, emir of Charles of Naples becomes Prince, 446;
Mesopotamia, 122
given to Philip of Taranto, 448 sq. ;
'Abd-ar-Rahim, invades Armenia, 156
claimantsfor, 452; held by John of Gravina,
Abd-ar-Rahmān, Saracen general, 125 sq. 453; 454; conquered by Navarrese, 456; rule
'Abd-ar-Rahmān, Umayyad prince, conquers of Zaccaria in, 459; becomes Byzantine,
Spain, 275, 300
460; 511; Latin Church in, 606; 609;
Abd-ar-Raḥmān, farms Mongol taxes, 640 Turks in, 675, 689; Table of rulers, 474;
Abgar, King of Edessa, supposed relics of see also Geoffrey, Isabelle, William
Our Lord possessed by him, 63, 150 Achelous, town of, 552
Abhari, author of textbook of logic, 297 Achilleus, St, bishop of Larissa, 240; church
Abkhaz, see Abasgians
of, at Prespa, 245
Aboba, see Pliska
Acominatus, see Michael, Nicetas
Abubacer (Ibn Tufail), Spanish Arab philo- Acre (St Jean d'Acre), 376; captured by
sopher, 296
Turks, 469; Venetians at, 510; 643
Abu-Dinār, Saracen admiral, 131
Acrocorinth, fortress of, 433, 436; sur-
Abū-Firās, Arab poet, captured by Nice- renders to Turks, 463
phorus II, 144 sq.
Acroïnon, in Phrygia, victory of Leo III at,
Abū-Isḥāq ash-Shīrāzī, author of legal 3, 121
treatises, 306
Acroïnon (Prymnessus), 120
Abū’l-'Abbās, Saracen chief, captures Reggio, Acropolis, the, at Athens, 443;/454; 456 sq. ;
141
463; holds out against Turks, 458, 464;


## p. 910 (#952) ############################################

910
Index
on, 433
, 129 sq. ;
fortifications on, 462; church of Our Lady
Acropolita, George, Byzantine historian,
765; on death of Kai-Khusrū, 484 note;
422 note; sent as envoy to Michael of
Epirus, 494 sq. ; on death of Empress
Irene, 495; 499; funeral oration on
John III, 500; and Theodore II, 502, 506;
taken prisoner by Epirotes, 504, 508; 505;
509 note; sent to Bulgaria, 510, 525; 513
Acyndinus, Gregory, Byzantine scholastic
philosopher, 766
Adalbert, see Vojtěch, St
Adalia, see Attalia
Adam, archbishop. (Pseudo-Brochart), on
condition of Serbia, 537; 539 note
Adam, Armenian commander against Sel-
jūgs, 173 sq.
Adam, Muslim belief concerning, 286
Adana, in Cilicia, in Saracen wars, 120,
122, 124, 127 sqq. , 145; victory of Nice-
phorus Phocas at, 141; held by Armenian
Kingdom, 168 sq. , 358; 340 sq. ; restored
to Byzantium, 343, 359; taken by Mam-
lūks, 669; council of, 179
Adata, pass of, 122 sqq. , 127, Saracen
military colony at, 132
Adelaide, Empress, wife of Otto I, 402
Adelaide, wife of Géza, Prince of the Magyars,
213
Adelchis, Lombard prince, son of Desiderius,
19, 22
Ademar of Puy, Papal legate at the First
Crusade, 337
Adernesih, curopalates of Iberia, and
Romanus I, 62
Ádharbayjan, see Azarbā'ījān
Adib Şābir, poet, and envoy of Sanjar, 313
Adramyttium, 344; taken by Henry of
Flanders, 422, 424; Genoese at, 431, 511;
Hospitallers at, 480; 481; 485
Adrasus, in Isauria, 125 note
Adria, territory of, 402
Adriatic Sea, Byzantine fleet in, 10, 36, 394;
Saracens in, 39, 139; Bulgaria on, 241;
crossed by Normans, 329; Venice and,
Chap. XII passim; 436; 504; 523; Serbia
on, 535; 537; 541; Bosnia on, 544, 559;
553; 565; 568; 570; "an Italian lake,"
583; 584; 637; themes on, 733; 742
Adscriptitii, 5
AŅud-ud-Daulah, Buwaihid prince, 289,
297
Aegean Sea, Saracen piracy in, 45, 127 sq. ,
141, 144; 131; under Latin domination,
Chap. XV; 489; 541; Turkish tribes on,
654 sq. ; 662; Venetian feet in, 666; 668;
672; 675; Hospitallers in, 677; 683; 699;
700; coast, 238, 657; theme of (Dode-
canese), 3, 35, 733, 742; see also Archi-
pelago
Aegina, attacked by Saracen pirates, 141;
under Lombard rule, 435; Catalan, 457;
Venetian, 465; Turkish, 467; 476
Aeneas, bishop of Paris, 250 note
Aeneas Sylvius, see Pius II, Pope
Aenus, given to Demetrius Palaeologus,
464; 465; Genoese possession, 477
Aeolian Islands, raided by Saracens, 136
Aëtius, favourite of the Empress Irene, 24
Aëtius, strategas of the Anatolics, defeated
and killed by the Saracens, 130
Aetolia, assigned to Venice, 421; Serbian,
543, 552
Afdal, vizier of the Caliph of Egypt, cap-
tures Jerusalem, 316
Afghanistan, conquered by `Ala-ud-Din Mu.
ḥammad of Khwārazm, 278; 633; 651
Afrāsiyāb, King of Turkestan, supposed
ancestor of Seljūg, 300
Africa, Saracens in, and Byzantium, 37, 74,
119; conquer Sicily, 134 sqq. ; 274; be-
comes independent of Caliphate, 275; rise
of Fátimids in, 277, 302; African slaves
in Caliph's army, 285 sq. ; African trade
with Constantinople, 762; exarchate of,
732; emirs of, see Agblab, Ahmad, Ibrā-
him, Mahomet, Ziyadatallāb
Afshin, ostikan of Azarbā'ījān, wars of with
Ashot I of Armenia, 160; 166
Afshin, Saracen general, 129 sq.
Afyon-Qara-Hisār (Maurocastrum), Phry.
gian fortress, 655
Agallianus, turmarch of the Helladics, rebels
against Leo III, 9
Agapius, bish of Aleppo, made Patriarch
of Antioch, 89
Agatha, daughter of Constantine VII, 68
Agatha, daughter of Romanus I, 98 note
Agathias, Byzantine historian, 765
Agblab, emir of Africa, 136
Aghlabid emirs of Africa, dynasty founded,
275, 300; overthrown, 302; policy in
Sicily, 138; conflict with eastern Saracens,
see Aghlab, Aḥmad, Ibrābim,
Mahomet, Ziyādatallāh
Aghthamar, in Armenia, church at, 163 note
Agnellus Particiacus, see Particiacus
Agnes, duchess of Mačva and Bosnja, 591
Agnes of France, married to Alexius II, 379;
to Andronicus I, 382
Agnes of Montferrat, betrothed to Henry of
Flanders, 425
Agylaeus, translator into Latin of the Novels
of Leo VI, 714
Ahil, island in Lake Prespa, 240
Ahmad, Ottoman, brother of Mahomet II,
put to death by him, 693
Ahmad, Agblabid emir of Africa, 138
Ahmad, emir of Tarsus, 131
Ahmad, Īl-Khân of Persia, becomes a Mus-
lim, 644
Ahmad, ostikan of Mesopotamia, defeats
Smbat I, 160
Ahmad, son of the Caliph Mu'tasim, 295
Ahmad Khān, governor of Samarqand, and
Sanjar, 311 sq.
Ahmad Malik, Turkish emir, and Armeno-
Cilicia, 169
Ahmad Pasha Hercegović, see Stephen
141;


## p. 911 (#953) ############################################

Index
911
Aḥmad ibn Țūlūn, founds independent dy.
nasty in Egypt, 276
Ahwaz, sacked by marauders, 276
Aibak, son of, driven from Egyptian throne,
643
Aidin (Tralles), Turks at, 655 sq. ; troops
from at battle of Angora, 682; emir of,
662
*Ain-ad-Daulah, Dānishmandite ruler of
Melitene, 365, 374
•Ain Jālūt, Mamlūks defeat Mongols at,
279, 643
'Ain Tāb, taken by Tīmūr, 680
Aistulf, King of the Lombards, captures
Ravenna, 17, 391
Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 36, 395 sq. , 398,
402; Bulgarian mission at, 234
Akbtum, see Aytony
Akhurian, Armenian river, 163, 166
Akova, "the Lady of,'' daughter of William
of Achaia, 452
Akritas, Digenes, hero of Byzantine popular
poem, 733, 740, 767, 772
'Alā-ad-Din, brother and vizier of Sultan
Orkhān, 661; and Janissaries, 663; and
army, 664
*Alā-ad-Din, Sultan of Rūm; see Qai-Qubād I
Alagöz, see Aragatz, Mount
Alans, the, in Byzantine army, 347, 656;
revolt against Andronicus II, 657; Roger
de Flor and, 658; tribes in Southern
Russia, 184, 207; “Gate of the Alans”
(Dariel), 187; princess of, (1) mistress of
Constantine IX, 109, 115, 265; (2) wife
of Isaac Comnenus, 326
'Alā-ud-Din, Shāh of Khwārazm, see Mu.
hammad
Al-Baidā=the White City, Arab name of
Itil, 191
Albania (Arran, Shirvan), Albanians (Alu-
ans), King of, invades Armenia, 165 ;
occupied by Persia, 187; Russian raid on,
206
Albania (in Balkans), 231; separated from
Old Bulgaria, 238; included in Samuel's
kingdom, 240 sqq. ; bishoprics in, 243;
428 sqq. ; given to Philip of Taranto, 448;
452; 494; 517; 522; 541; 542; 572; Turks
overrun, 583 sqq. ; 689; Skanderbeg in,
572, 692; 587; Venetian colonies in, 583,
592; Carlo Thopia in, 553
Albanians, autochthonous, 230; settle in
Attica, 456, 459, 463; in Joánnina, 461;
504; Stephen Uroš II and, 535, 537; de-
feat Epirotes, 552; Turks and, 557, 674,
678
Alberic, Prince of the Romans, son of
Marozia, 259, 263
Albert, ambassador of Conrad III to John II,
360
Albert of Aix, on First Crusade, 337; 334
note
Albiola, taken by Pepin, 394; Magyars at, 400
Alboin, King of the Lombards, invades Italy,
386
Albricus Trium Fontium, 478 note, 491 note
Aldobrandini, the, Pisan family, at Attalia,
480
Alemdar, Mongol chief, 645
Aleppo, taken by Nicephorus Phocas, 73,
144; 76; 124; taken by Peter Phocas,
146; attacked by Egyptians, 149; Ro.
manus III defeated near, 150; Damdānids
establish themselves in, 277; 295 sq. ;
Fātimids in, 302; Seljūgs in, 314, 317;
359; taken by Mongols, 279, 643; by
Tīmūr, 651, 680; bishop of, see Agapius;
Sultan of, 172; see Bakjur, Nāşir, Nür.
ad-Din, Qarghūyah, Saif-ad-Daulah,
Shibl-ad-Daulah
Alessio, in Albania, becomes Venetian, 564,
583; 584; death of Skanderbeg at, 585;
591
Alexander (the Great), 49; legendary con-
nexion of with the Mongols, 630, 639; 705
Alexander, Emperor, son of Basil I, 51 ; 53;
joint ruler with Leo VI, 56; Regent, 59;
death, 60; 83 sq. ; 96; 142; and Simeon
of Bulgaria, 237; and Nicholas Mysticus,
257; 712
Alexander II, Pope, disputed election of, 597
Alexander III, Pope, and Emperor Manuel,
370, 596, 601 sq. ; and Venetians, 412,
414
Alexander IV, Pope, and Theodore II, 505,
609; 496 note
Alexander I, the Good, Prince of Moldavia,
568; 593
Alexander II, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Alexandretta, battle of, 170; captured by
Constantine IV of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Alexandria, occupied by Spanish Arabs, 127;
128; besieged by Latins, 177; 396 sq. ;
captured by Peter I of Cyprus, 470; trade
of, 770; Patriarch of, 250
Alexiad, the, of Anna Comnena, 346
Alexius I, Comnenus, Emperor, early life,
326; accession, 327; character, 328; and
Crusaders, 315 sq. , 333 sqq. ; and Nor-
mans, 329 sq. ; and Patzinaks, 330; and
Turks, 331, 344; plots against, 332, 342;
war with Bohemond of Antioch, 341 sg. ;
persecutes Bogomiles, 243; Papacy and,
345, 596, 598 sqq. , 626; and Byzantine
Church, 349; tbeological interests, 350,
362; organizes army and navy, 347; and
finances, 348; last illness and death, 346;
351 sqq. ; 355; 366; and Venetians, 408 sq. ,
412; Novels of, 720
Alexius II, Comnenus, Emperor, minority
of, 379; murdered by Andronicus, 382;
720
Alexius III, Angelus, Emperor, reign of,
384; deposes Isaac II, 417; fees from
Constantinople, 418 sq. ; 423; 478 sq. ;
Theodore I and, 484; 486; 503; sends
crown to Leo of Armeno-Cilicia, 172; Bul.
garians and, 519; Papacy and, 603 sq.
Alexius IV, Angelus, Emperor, son of Isaac
II, appeals to Philip of Swabia, 417, 604;


## p. 912 (#954) ############################################

912
Index
crowned, 418; deposition and death, 419;
promises Crete to Boniface of Montferrat,
432
Alexius V, Ducas, Mourtzouphlos, Emperor,
overthrows the Angeli, 219; flees from
Constantinople, 419; 478
Alexius I, Grand Comnenus, makes himself
Emperor of Trebizond, 479 sq. ; and Theo-
dore I, 482; and Seljūgs, 485; death, 487;
514 sq. ; coins of, 516
Alexius, the Caesar, son-in-law of Theo-
philus, defeats Saracens in Sicily, 136
Alexius of the Studion, Patriarch of Constan-
tinople, 92, 264; marries Zoë to Michael
IV, 101; 103; 106; crowns Theodora,
107; death, 112
Alexius Jurašević, ruler in the Zeta, 592
Alexius Apocaucus, Byzantine grand-duke,
615
Alexius Muselé, see Muselé
Alexius Strategopulus, see Strategopulus
Alexius, nephew of Alexius Strategopulus,
511
Alfonso Fadrique, chief of the Catalans in
Greece, 453
Alfonso V, King of Aragon and Sicily, claims
duchy of Athens, 461
Ali, Caliph, son-in-law of Mahomet, 275;
venerated by the Shi'ites, 301 sq. ; Mongols
and tomb of, 643
Alī, emir of Tarsus, 132 sq. ; killed, 134
‘Ali, murderer of Prince Ahmad, 693
•Ali ibn al-'Abbās (Haly Abbas), Arab
medical writer, 297 sq.
Ali ibn Rabban, Arab medical writer, 297
'Alids, see Shi'ites
Aliza, niece of Leo the Great of Armeno-
Cilicia, married to Raymond of Antioch,
172
Allelengyon, the, tax, 92 sq. ; abolished by
Romanus III, 99
Almissa, in Dalmatia, 564
Almohad dynasty of Spain, founded, 306
Almos, Hungarian prince, and Emperor
John II, 355 sq.
Alp Arslān, Great Seljūq Sultan, conquers
Armenia, 166 sq. ; empire of, 277; reign
of, 305 sq. ; meaning of his name, 306;
murdered, 307; 309; 311; 314; 316
Alp Arslān Akbras, Seljūq ruler of Syria,
314
Alpheus, valley of the, 438
Alptigin, founder of the Ghaznawids, 300
Altino, on Venetian mainland, 386
Aluans, the, see Albania
Alusian, Bulgarian prince, and Emperor
Michael IV, 244
Alypius, father-in-law of Emperor Constan-
tine VIII, 84
Amadeus VÍ, Count of Savoy, helps Emperor
John V against Turks, 554 sq. , 617, 669
Amalfi, 134; rivalry with Venice, 405, 408 sq. ;
bishop of, see Peter; see Pantaleone of;
Amalfitans at Constantinople, 750, 762;
see St Mary of under Constantinople
Amanus, mountain passes of, 343
Amasia, 79; 340; 378; Mahomet I at, 686;
688
Amastris, annexed by Emperor Theodore I,
483; see Gregory, St
Amaury I, King of Jerusalem, marries By.
zantine princess, 376; 377
Amaury of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, feudal
code of, 437, 469; 172; 476
Amaury of Lusignan, Prince of Tyre, be-
comes Regent of Cyprus, 469; 477; mar.
riage of Armenian princess to, 178, 180
Amaury, Latin Patriarch of Antioch, 376
Amaury de Narbonne, French admiral in
service of the Pope, 614
Amida (Diyarbakr), 46; 86; 132; 145; By:
zantine defeat at, 147; Emir of, received
by Emperor Constantine VII, 66; taken
by Mongols, 636
*Amid-al-Mulk, the, see Abū-Nasr al-Kun-
duri
Amin, Abbasid Caliph, 275 sq.
'Amir-al-Mu'minin (Commander of the
Faithful), title of the Caliphs, given to
Seljūq Sultans, 307, 310 sq.
Amisus, taken by Omar of Melitene, 46,
133
Ammiana, Venetian island, 386
duvnubveurol, Emperor Constantine V's epi.
thet for the monks, 15
Amorgos, Venetian colony, 476
Amorian dynasty, its interest in learning
and culture, 44; see Michael II, Theo-
philus, Michael III
Amorium, besieged by Saracens, 2; birth-
place of Michael II, 32, 130; sacked by
Saracens, 38, 130; Bardas Phocas defeated
at, 86; 121; 125; 344
Amphissa, barony of Sálona founded at, 433
Ampûn, Seljūg defeat at, 344
'Amr ibn al-'As, in Egypt, 302
Amur, Asiatio river, 631
Anacatharsis (Repurgatio veterum legum),
code of Basil I, 52, 712
Anagay, prince of the Utigurs, attacks By.
zantines in Crimea, 188
Anagay, see A-na-Kuei
Anagni, Greek archbishops at, 608; bishop
of, see Zacharias
Anaia, Genoese at, 511
A-na-Kuei (Anagay), Khagan of the Yuan-
Yuan, 186
Anapa, see Gorgippia
Anastasius II, ex-Emperor, and Bulgarians,
3, 231; and Venice, 387 sq.
Anastasius III, Pope, and Emperor Alex.
ander, 257
Anastasius, syncellus, made Patriarch of
Constantinople by Emperor Leo III, 10;
declares against Constantine V, 12; death
of, 14
Anastasius, archbishop of_Gran (Eszter-
gom), and conversion of Hungary, 214
Anastasius, librarian of the Vatican, am-
bassador of Western Emperor at Constan-
,


## p.
913 (#955) ############################################

913
659; alliance with Serbia, 538, 540; death
of, 541; and Benedict XII, 614 sq. ; and
Orkhān, 661 sq. ; Novel of, 720
Andronicus IV Palaeologus, Emperor, 593 ;
revolts against his father, 671
Andronicus I Gidos, Emperor of Trebizond,
defeats Latins, 483; defeats Seljūgs,514 sq. ;
his death, 515; 516
Andronicus Euphorbenus, murders Ste-
phanê, Armenian prince, 171, and note
Andros, ravaged by Venetians, 354; becomes
Venetian, 421, 435, 467, 473, 476
Androllsa, Navarrese capital in the Morea,
456
Anemas, brothers, Turkish conspirators
against Alexius I, 342
Anemas, tower of, 671
Angeli, dynasty of, decadence under, 384;
see Alexius III, IV, Isaac II; Michael
VIII's descent from, 507; dynasty in
Epirus, 604, see also Demetrius, John,
Manuel, Michael, Theodore, dukes of
Neopatras
Angelo, Duke of the Archipelago, 475
Angelus, Andronicus, declares for Androni.
cus I, 382
Anglo-Saxons in Varangian Guard, 264, 738;
in Byzantine army, 598
Angora (Ancyra), 123; taken by Saracens,
125 sq. , 130 ; 128 sq. ; 344; 357 ; 377;
656; 681; Tīmūr's victory at, 459, 562,
619, 651, 682 sqq. , 688
Anholin, David, Albanian prince, and Ar-
menia, 165
Ani, in Armenia, capital of Ashot II, 161;
commercial prosperity of, 162; importance
and culture of, 163, 167; willed by John
Smbat to Byzantines, 164; betrayed to
them, 112, 165 sq. ; taken by Turks, 166,
325
Anjou, see Charles, Fulk, Joan; Angevins
of Naples, and Greece, 442, 444, 446, 448
Anna Angelus, wife of Emperor Theodore I,
478
Anna, Empress, see Constance of Hohen.
staufen
Anna Comnena, daughter of Emperor Alex-
ius I, 328; plots against her brother, 346,
351; Alexiad of, 346, 363; 344; 347; 350;
598 note; 655; learning of, 763, 765
Anna Dalassena, mother of Emperor Alex-
ius I, 326, 328; regent, 332; retirement,
346
Anna of Epirus, married to William of
Achaia, 412
Annam (Tongking), conquered by Mongols,
645
Anne, daughter of Emperor Constantine VII,
68
Anne, daughter of Emperor Leo III, married
to Artavasdus, 3
Anne, daughter of Emperor Romanus II,
married to Vladimir of Russia, 68, 90, 209
Anne of Lusignan, last heiress of Armeno-
Cilicia, 181
Index
tinople, 252 sq. ; on Cyril and Methodius,
216, 219 sq.
Anastasius, advocate, commentator on the
Digest, 707
Anastaso, see Theophano, Empress
Anatolia, " the East” (Asia Minor), 732;
Domestic of the Scholae (generalissimo)
of, see John I Tzimisces, Nicephorus I,
Bardas Sclerus, Peter Phocas; 278; 335;
428; governed by Ahmad Hercegović, 582;
587; Turkish tribes in, 653; Catalaps in,
657; Osman's successes in, 660; 663; 689;
694; 737; Anatolian troops at Angora,
682; at siege of Constantinople, 696, 702;
themes in, 733, 744, 773; see also Asia
Minor
Anatolia-Hisār, fort of, built by Bāyazid,
676 sq. ; Sulaiman at, 683; 694
Anatolic theme, creation of, 732; subdivided,
3; 2; 29; 127; strategus of, 731; see also
Leo VII, Leo V, Turcus Bardanes, Photinus;
troops, 119, 121, 123; district, 125, 130
Anatolius, professor of law at Berytus
(Beyrout), 705
Anavarzetsi, see Grigor VII
Anazarbus in Cilicia, ravaged by Saracens,
126; gipsies at, 132; taken by Emperor
Nicephorus II, 144 sq. ; 168; Emperor
John II at, 169; held by Byzantines, 171,
343, 359; 178
Anbār, on the Euphrates, 289
Ancelin de Toucy ('Ag€N), and Emperor
Michael VIII, 509
Anchialus, victory of Emperor Constan-
tine V at, 12, 231; Bulgarian victories at,
231, 238; sacked by Turks, 695; see
Michael
Ancona, held by Emperor Manuel I, 369 sqq. ,
412; bishop of, see Paul
Ancyra, see Angora
Andravida, capital of princes of Achaia, 437;
church of St James at, 444
Andrea, Venetian tribune, 389
Andreas, Prince of Hum, 591
Andrew, King of Hungary, 427
Andrew, St, patron of Patras, 6, 37
Andrew, the strategus, degrades Photius,
254
Andronicus I Comnenus, Emperor, and
Thoros II of Armeno-Cilicia, 170 sq. ; 373;
375; governor of Cilicia, 380; character
and amours, 381; seizes the throne, 382;
administration, 383, 364; attacks Latins
at Constantinople, 362, 414; 479 sq. ; 603;
Géza of Hungary and, 368; murdered,
384; 775
Andronicus II Palaeologus, Emperor, 593;
444; 512; takes Catalans into his service,
449; Andronicus and Bulgaria, 530 sq. ;
and Serbia, 532 sq. , 535, 537; and his
grandson, 536, 659; Orthodox reaction
under, 613 sq. ; 658; Novels of, 720;
and
Hethum II of Armeno-Cilicia, 178
Andronicus III Palaeologus, Emperor, 593;
quarrels with his grandfather, 535 sqq. ;
C. MED. H. VOL, IV.
58


## p. 914 (#956) ############################################

914
Index
Anne of Savoy, mother of Emperor John V,
and Stephen Dušan, 541, 543; and Pope
Clement VI, 615
Anne of Vidin, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria, her
patronage of learning, 561
Anonymus, the, commentator on the Digest,
707, 711, 714, 716
Anonymus regis Belae notarius, ancient
Hungarian chronicler, 211
Anseau de Cayeux, governor of Chorlu, 493;
509 note
Anselm, St, and Byzantine Church, 595 ;
speech at Council of Bari, 600
Anselm of Havelberg, ambassador to Con-
stantinople, 358, 600
Antae, Eastern Slav race, 186; identified
with Ukrainians, 200
Anthemius of Tralles, architect of St Sophia,
752
Anthony, bishop of Syllaeum, made Pa-
triarch of Constantinople, 33
Anthony Cauleas, Patriarch of Constanti.
nople, concludes the Photian schism, 56,
256; opposition to Emperor Leo VI, 57
Anthony of the Studion, appointed Patriarch
of Constantinople, 80; resignation of, 89;
260
Anthony, general of Empress Irene, made
prisoner by the Saracens, 124
Anthony, igumen of the Studion, exiled
under Photius, 255
Anthypatus, title, 730
Antigus, surrenders to Saracens, 128
Antinomies, the Book of (To Tŵv évavtlopávwv
μονoβιβλίον), 707
Antioch, taken by Saracens, 76; 84; 89;
siege of and capture by Emperor Nice-
phorus II, 145 sq. ; besieged by Egyptians,
147 sqq. ; 168; captured by Seljūgs,
307, 325, 330; Crusaders at, 335 sq. ,
338; siege and relief of, 339, 316;
Latin principality of, 168 sqq. ; succession
dispute, 173; "assises of,” adopted as
Armenian law, 173; taken by Mamlūks,
175; 344; Emperor John II and, 352, 355,
357 sqq. ; 365; Emperor Manuel I in,
374 sq. ; 377; taken by Mongols, 643;
princess of, 446; 711; Byzantine duchy
of, 733 sq. ; see also Bobemond, Con.
stance, Mary, Philip, Raymond, Roger,
Tancred; Patriarch of, crowns Thomas the
Slavonian, 35; crowns imperial pretender,
129; Latin Patriarchate of, 599; Patriarchs
of, see Agapius, Amaury, Athanasius, Peter,
Theodore Balsamon, Theodore of Colonea;
dukes of, see Cecaumenus, Nicetas
Antioch on the Maeander, victory of Theo-
dore I at, 484
Anti-Taurus range, in Asia Minor, 274, 278
Antivari, included in Serbian state, 517; 537;
542; 553; Venetian, 564, 570, 583; taken
by Turks, 585; 592
Antonio I Acciajuoli, and duchy of Athens,
458; becomes Duke, 459; and Turks, 460;
reign in Athens, 461; death of, 462; 475
Antonio II Acciajuoli, secures duchy of
Athens, 462; 463; 475
Antonio Tocco, recaptures Cephalonia from
Turks, 466; 475
Antsevatsi, the Armenian principality of, 157
Anūshtigin, ancestor of the Khwārazm
Shābs, 312, 633
Anzetene, Emperor Theophilus in, 129
Apamea, death of Emperor Basil I at, 54
Apamea in Syria, Byzantine defeat at, 149
A pennines, trade route across, 396
Aphameia, fort of, near Constantinople, 509
A pirat, Armenian prince, and John-Smbat,
163 sq. ; see also Grigor VII
Apocaucus, see Alexius, John
Apollonia, on Black Sea, taken by Alexius I,
331; 344; occupied by Murād I, 672
Apulia, Greek sees in, 259 sq. , 266 sq. ;
Latin ritual in, 266, 268; 371; annexed
by Roger of Sicily, 358, 597; 601; Greek
monks in, 737; dukes of, see Robert
Guiscard, Roger Borsa
Aq-Gyul, see Philomelium
Aq-Hisār, see Asprocastrum, Kroja
Aqinji, Turkish light horsemen, 665
Aq-Shehr, death of Bāyazid at, 684
Aquileia, see of, 224; 397; rivalry with
Grado, 407 sq. , 414; Patriarch of, 386,
412; see Lupus, Paulinus, Poppo, Serenus,
Walpert
Aquitaine, 403; see William IX
•Arab, brother of Masóūd of Rūm, 357
Arabia, 124; merchandise from, 162
Arabian Nights, 647; 755
Arabic language, 2; spread of, 286, 290;
grammar, 290 sq. ; language and literature
under Abbasids, 289 sqq. ; numerals in-
troduced in Europe, 298
Arabissus, 124; 134
Arabs, see Saracens; and the Caliphate, 276;
compared with Turks, in treatises of Jāḥiz,
294; culture, and Mongols, 647; Byzan-
tine influence on, 152, 775 sq. ; Arabs in
Byzantine army, 738; in Byzantine ad-
ministration, 736; influence on Byzan.
tium, 152, 735, 773; merchants in Con-
stantinople, 762; coins in Russia, 201,
206; in Jerusalem, and Christian pil-
grims, 316; effects of conquest of Spain,
629
Ara Coeli, church of, at Rome, 581
Aragatz, Mount (Alagöz), Armenians defeat
Saracens at, 160
Aragon, see Constance; kings of, dukes of
Athens, 442, 453; King of, assists Emperor
John VI, 666; Murād II and, 691; 574
note; see Frederick, John, Pedro; Queen
of, see Sibylla; Admiral of, see Loria; and
Sicily, 448 sq.
Aral, Sea of, 198, 631, 633
Arangio, Count, rules in Icaria, 468
Ararat, province of, in Armenia, 158
Araxes, river, 187
Arbe, Dalmatian island, taken by Venetians,
406, 582


## p. 915 (#957) ############################################

Index
915
Arca, in Syria, attacked by Emperor John I,
146
Arcadia, Doxapatrês in, 434
Arcadiopolis, Thomas the Slavonian at, 35;
111
Arcadius, Forum of, at Constantinople, 749
Archipelago, the, fleet of Alexius I in, 347;
subdivision of by Latins, 421, 431; 432;
duchy of, 439, 465, 467 sq. ; dukes of, see
Table, 475, sq. ; Latin clergy in, 606;
“Crusade of,” 616; Turks in, 654, 672;
733; Saracen ravages in, 742
Architecture, Byzantine: under Basil I, 52
sq. ; churches built by Leo VI, 59; under
Constantine VII, 67; repairs of St Sophia
by Basil II, 96; buildings of Romanus III,
100; under Constantine IX, 114; buildings
of Manuel I, 364; of Andronicus I, 383;
of Theodore I, 487; churches at Nicaea,
479; buildings at Constantinople, 748 sqq. ;
752 sqq. ; building of St Sophia, 752 ;
churches at Constantinople, 753; 754;
apogee of, 768; influence of, 776 sq. ;
churches built under Islām, 289; Turkish
architecture, 688; Armenian architecture,
162 sq. ; in Serbia, 550; early Venetian,
396, 407
Archon, Greek, and Western Baron, 772;
office of, held by Methodius, 217, 221;
archon of the Pantheon, title of Michael
the Paphlagonian, 101
Arcruni, the, Armenian princely family, 157
sq. , 161
Ardashes, last Arsacid king of Armenia, 155
Ardskê in Armenia, 166
Ardzen, town in Armenia, 162; sacked by
Seljūqs, 166 sq.
Argaus, Paulicians settled in, 132
Arghūn, il-Kbān of Persia, 177
Argolid, the, 438
Argos, fortresses in, 434; 438; 441; pur-
chased by Venetians, 457 sq. , 461, 465;
lost, 466; captured by Turks, 675; 476
Argyropulus, Romanus, ancestor of Emperor
Romanus III, 98 note
Argyrus of Bari, 356
Argyrus the Lombard, catapan in Italy,
efforts of for reunion of Churches, 113,
266 sqq. ; 269 sqq. ; 273, 597
Argyrus, Romanus, see Romanus III
Arianism, among the Lombards, 387
Arianites Comnenus, Albanian chief, 584
Arichis, duke of Benevento, and Emperor
Leo IV, 19
Ariebes, Armenian general, plots against
Emperor Alexius I, 332
Arikbuka, Mongol chief, 645; rebels against
Kublai, 646
Arindz, Cilician fortress, 170
Aristinus, Alexius, nomophylax of the School
at Constantinople, 720; work on canon
law, 723
Aristophanes, study of, 763; 744
Aristotle, study of, 236, 763 sq. ; 237; among
the Arabs, 292, 295 sq. ; “Theology of,"
295; “Study of” at Athens, 459; Latin
translations of, 447, 474; 506
Arithmus (Vigla), regiment of the Byzantine
Guard, 739
Armenia, Chap. vi passim; Paulicians in,
42;_78 sq. ; 85; 97; 111; annexation of
by Byzantium, 112, 165 sq. , 259, 737;
138; 143; Emperor John I and, 148; 150;
invaded by Chazars, 126, 187 sqq. ; its
civilization, 162, 166; 295; Seljūgs in, 278,
325; 310; conquered by Mongols, 636,
640, 653; conquered by Tīmūr, 181, 689;
Cyprus and, 477; kings of, see Abas,
Ashot, Gagik, John-Smbat, Smbat; see
also Greater Armenia, Armeno-Cilicia;
emirs of, see 'Alī, Yūsüf
Armenia, ancient Roman province of, 155,
159
Armenia Quarta, ancient province, 120;
ravaged by Saracens, 122; 129
Armeniac theme, 3; 61; 120; its loyalty to
the Empire, 36; 127; 344; creation of,
732; 733; troops of, 123, 125; strategus
of, see Arta vasdus, Leo, Paul
Armenian, Armenians, origin of Emperor
Basil I, 47, 49, 159, 253 note; of John I,
240; troops, mutiny among, 22 sq. ; in
Byzantine army, 738; soldiers of Nice-
phorus II, 75; generals of Byzantine
Empire, 736; in Empire, 735, 746; at Con-
stantinople, 750, 762; driven from Con-
stantinople by Constantine IX, 109; 103;
123; colony in the Troad, 479, 481;
colonists in Thrace, 231; missionaries in
Bulgaria, 236; trade with Bulgaria, 193;
343; notable for iconoclasm, 14; persecu.
tion of, 350, 737; wife of Theodore I,
486; influence on Byzantium, 773; By.
zantine influence on, 776; Armenian
Church, see Church, Armenian; Leo the,
see Leo V, Emperor
Armeno-Cilicia (lesser Armenia), princi.
pality of, founded, 154, 168; character of,
167 sq. ; influence of Crusades on, 168;
becomes a kingdom, 172; conquered by
Mamlūks, 180; and Cyprus, 181, 470,
479; 278; see also Constantine, Guy,
Hethum, Leo, Mleh, Oshin, Philip,
Ruben, Ruben-Raymond, Smbat, Thoros
Army, Byzantine, 732 sqq. , 737 sqq. ; see
Themes; under Isaurian Emperors, 4,
13; hostility to image worship, 21 sq. ;
publication of the “Tactics,” 58; and
Nicephorus II, 72, 75 sq. ; military revolts,
87 sqq. , 111, 117, 325; and Isaac I, 322;
and Constantine X, 324; reorganized by
Alexius I, 328, 347 sq. ; and John II, 352;
and Manuel I, 364; and Theodore II, 505
Army, of the Caliphs, 284 sq. ; Chazar army,
190; Magyar army, 212; Mongol army
and Kublai Khan, 647; Ottoman army,
664 sq. ; 673; 675
Arno, river, 461
Arnulf, Western Emperor, war with Mora-
vians, 198; 211
58—2


## p. 916 (#958) ############################################

916
Index
394 sq.
Arnulf, archbishop of Milan, ambassador
to Emperor Basil II, 94
Árpád, Magyar chief, enters Hungary, 199 ;
212
Arran, see Albania
Arras, see Lambert of
Arsaber, patrician and quaestor, plots against
Nicephorus I, 35
Arsacids, the, of Parthia, 49; of Armenia,
154, 158
Arsafius, the spatharius, and Charlemagne,
Arsamosata, 122 ; taken by Emperor Theo-
philus, 129; 131 sq. ; besieged by Michael
III, 133
Arsanias, river, 122
Arsenal, the, at Venice, founded, 410
Arsenius, Patriarch at Nicaea, 506; resigne-
tion of, 509; crowns Michael VIII in St
Sophia, 513
Arslān, Seljūq prince of Kirmān, 314
Arslān Arghūn, Seljūg prince, uncle of
Barkiyāruq, 310
Arslān ibn Seljūg, ancestor of the dynasty
of Rūm, 315
Art, Byzantine: periods of, 767 sqq. ; influence
of, 769, 777; ancient art at Constantin-
ople, 748; works of art under Constantine
V, 13; under the Iconoclasts, 26; under
Theophilus, 39 sq. ; under the Caesar
Bardas, 43 sq. ; under Basil I, 53 sq. ;
under Leo VI, 59; under Constantine VII,
67; artistic renaissance under Constantine
IX, 114; works of art under Manuel, 363
sq. ; under Andronicus I, 383; under
Theodore II, 506; destruction of works of
art by Michael III, 51; Armenian art, 162,
182; art in Baghdad, 152, 642; remains of
Latin art in Greece, 473; early Slav art,
549; see also Architecture
Arta, court of Michael Angelus at, 436;
church at, 452, 504; entered by Emperor
Michael VIII, 508; annexed by Stephen
Dušan, 543; gulf of, 465
Artavasdus, son-in-law of Emperor Leo III,
3; rebels against Constantine V, 12, 121;
17
Artopolia, baker's quarter at Constantinople,
748
Asad, Saracen leader in Sicily, 135
Aşbagh, Spanish Arab, commands in Sicily,
135
Ascalon, 340; Venetian naval victory off, 411
Ascalonita, see Julianus
'Agên, see Ancelin
Asên, ruling family of Bulgaria, see Constan-
tine, John, Michael, Peter; extinct, 525
Ash'arī, Arab theologian, 292
Asbnās, Saracen general in Asia Minor, 128
s99.
Ashod, see Ashot
Ashot Bagratuni, Armenian leader, resists
Emperor Justinian II, 157
Ashot Bagratuni, governor of Armenia under
Saracens, 156 sq.
Ashot I, King of Armenia, made King by the
Caliph, 158; Emperor Basil I and, 140,
158; journey to Constantinople, and death,
159; 163
Ashot II, King of Armenia, reign of, 160 sq. ;
received by Emperor Romanus I, 62, 160
Ashot III, King of Armenia, reign of, 161
sq. ; and Emperor John I, 148, 161;
buildings at Ani, 163
Ashot IV, brother of John-Smbat, wars
against him, 163 sq.
Ashraf, Mamlūk Sultan, 177 sq.
Asia, Muslim Asia, 295; Seljūq rule in,
300; Crusaders in, 338 sqq. ; unification
of under Mongols, 629 sq.
Asia, proconsular, 121
Asia Minor (Anatolia), Saracen wars in,
Chapter v passim; preponderance in the
Empire, 25, 733, 742, 773; themes and
clisurae of, 39, 732 sqq. , 740 sq. ; support
to Iconoclasts, 7 sq. ; Leo HII from, 7;
Slavs deported into, 13; Paulicians in, 7,
42; Manichaeans in, 498; rebellion of
Thomas the Slavonian in, 33 sqq. , 127;
Sclerus' rebellion in, 85 sqq. ; famine in,
89; 115; themes of, support Isaac I, 117;
154; 168; Mongols in, 175, 182, 279;
Chazars in, 187 ; Russian raids in, 203;
217 note; bishops of, 261; 274; Seljūgs
in, 278, 302, 315, 325, 329; 318; 320 sq. ;
327; 331; Crusaders in, 315 sqq. , 338 sq. ;
366 sqq. ; 348; John II in, 353, 357;
Manuel's villas in, 364; ravaged by Sel.
jūgs, 365; 377 ; 382; 383; Latin Empire
in, 421 sqq. , 480; Henry of Flanders in,
424 sqq. ; 481 sqq. ; 485; Latins lose, 427
sq. ; Catalans in, 449; 468; 479; Chap.
XVI passim; 514; 532; 560; 597; Timur
in, 651, 680 sqq. ; Turkish tribes in, 653
sqq. ; 657; 662; power of Ottomans in, 668
sq. , 678; 684; 687; great cities of, 770; in.
fluence on conception of Emperor, 726;
great families in, 771 sq.
Asicritus, supposed companion of St Cyril
to the Saracens, 218 sq.
Askania, lake of, at Nicaea, 478, 513
Askin, Askil, see Sse-Kin
Askol'd, Prince of Kiev, 203
Asparuch, see Isparich
Asprocastrum (Āq-Hisār), 655
Assassins, Shi'ite sect, 301, 305, 308 sqq. ;
overthrown by the Seljūq Muḥammad,
311; embassies to Europe, 638; con-
quered by Mongols, 628, 641 sq. ; see
Ismā'ili
Assises" of Antioch,” adopted as Armenian
law, 173; “of Jerusalem,” 437; “of Ro-
mania” (constitution of Latin Empire),
422
Assisi, 438; Byzantine envoys at, 608
Astrakhan, 191; 650
Astrik, archbishop of Kalocsa, and conver-
sion of Hungary, 214
Astronomy, under the Abbasids, 298; under
Seljūgs, 308; under Mongols, 299, 646


## p. 917 (#959) ############################################

Index
917
180 sq.
Asturia, in North Spain, holds out against Aurillac, see Gerald, St
Saracens, 274
Aurius, tribune of the Venetians, settles
Astypálaia (Stampalia), acquired by Quirini in Torcello, 386
family, 435
Austria, duchy of, see Henry, Isabella
Atābegs (Atābeys) = guardians, or Lesser Autocephalous Church, eastern doctrine of,
Seljūgs, found dynasties, 278, 300, 317; 595; 262 sq. ; 273
office and position of, 313 sq. ; 315; of Autokrator, title of Eastern Emperors, 726
Mosul, 293; of Damascus, 314
sq.
Atel, see Itil; see also Volga
Auxerre, count of; see Peter of Courtenay
Atel Kuzu (Atel Köz), Magyar territory, 198 Avaraïr, Armenian defeat at, 155
sq.
Avarino, Greek castle, 446
Athanasius, St, orations of, translated into Avars, nomad tribe, appear in Europe, 185;
Bulgarian, 237
and Bulgarians, 186; 199; and the Antae,
Athanasius, made Patriarch of Constanti- 200; 747
nople by Constantine XI, 624
Avenpace (Ibn Bājja), Spanish Arab philo-
Athanasius, Patriarch of Antioch, 376
sopher, 296
Athanasius, St, abbot of the Great Laura, Averroes (Ibn Rushd), Spanish Arab philo-
and Emperor Nicephorus II, 70, 72 sqq. ; sopher, 296
revolt against his rule, 80; 90; 260 Avicenna (Ibn Sinā), Arab philosopher, 296
Athanasius, the advocate, commentator on $99. ; surviving writings of, 289
the Novels, 707, 718
Avignon, Byzantine envoys at, 615; 617;
Atharib, fortress of, captured by Zangi, 317 621
Athenian origin of Empress Irene, 19 Avlona, 243; taken by Normans, 329; 338;
Athenians, ancient, Byzantines compared 342
with, 774; (modern), 243
•Awāşim, al-, Saracen province of North
Athens, 24; 56, 254; visit of Emperor Syria, 126, 132
Basil II to, 95, 242; Latin duchy of, 422, åxelpotOntol, epithet of icons, 751
424, 426, 431 sqq. ; 435, 438; Othon de Axoûchos, see John I, Emperor of Trebizond
la Roche in, 439; under suzerainty of Axuch, Grand Domestic, minister of Emperor
Naples, 446; 447 sq. ; Catalans in, 450 sq. ; John II, 352; of Manuel, 362, 364, 368
452 sqq. ; conquered by Navarrese, 456; Ayas, maritime town of Armeno-Cilicia, 168;
by Acciajuoli, 457 sqq. ; Florentine, 461
sq. ; taken by Turks, 463 sq. ; 466; con- Ayāz, governor of Khuzistān, 310
dition in early fifteenth century, 459; Aytony (Akhtum), principality of, conquered
birth place of Chalcocondyles, 474; Greek by St Stephen of Hungary, 215
monasteries in, 498; Latin Church in, Ayuka Khan, Mongol leader, and Peter the
606; 764; dukes of, see Table, 475; see Great, 650
Guy, John, William; church of Our Ayyūb (Job), father of Saladin, 317
Lady at, see Acropolis, Parthenon
Ayyübid dynasty, established by Saladin,
Athos, Mount (The Holy Mountain), monas- 278, 302; 317
teries on, 66; 70; 74; 90; 92; 260; 518; ‘Azabs, Turkish infantry, 665
532; Stephen Uroš II's gifts to, 535; re- Azarbā'ijān (Adharbayján), 128; relations
union party in, 620; anti-union, 623; with Armenia, 158 sqq. , 161; 206; 312;
753; churches of, 768 sq.
included in empire of Khwārazm Shāh,
Atsiz, Khwārazm Shāh, revolts against San. 633; conquered by Mongols, 636
jar, 312 sq.
Azov, Sea of, 185 sq. , 188; trade on, 193;
Atsiz, Seljūg general, occupies Palestine and 200; 207; 230
Syria, 277
Azymites, 267; 625
Attalia (Adalia, Satalia), taken by Saracens,
133, 141; fortified by Byzantines, 142; Baalbek, taken by Emperor John I, 148; by
353 sq. ; Emperor John II at, 361; Cru. Timur, 680
saders at, 367; 383; Templars at, 480; Baanes, the Patrician, at Council of Con.
ruled by Turks, 654; taken by King of stantinople, 251 sq.
Cyprus, 669; Byzantine sailors drawn Bābak, rebel against the Caliphate, 38, 128
from, 742; bay of, 125; governor of, see sq.
Philocales
Bāb-al-Abwāb, see Darband
Attaliates, Michael, see Michael
Bābī, modern Persian Shi'ite sect, 301
Attica, 441; exports corn to Venice, 447; Babuna mountains, in Bulgaria, 238
Latin rule in, 451, 473; 455; Navarrese Babuni, name of Bulgarian Bogomiles, 238
in, 456; 462; Turks in, 692; 769
Bābur, conqueror of India, 651 sq.
Attila, King of the Huns, 184; 385
Babylon, culture at, 629; 747
Augusta, title of, bestowed on Zoë, tbird wife Babylonia, Saracen capital moved to, 119;.
of Emperor Leo VI, 57; on mistresses of 310
Constantine IX, 108, 115
Bachu, Mongol general, and Armenians,
Augustus, Roman Emperor, 24
175


## p. 918 (#960) ############################################

918
Index
Badi -uz-Zaman Hamadhāni, Persian
author, 294
Bagaran, town of Armenia, 158 sq.
Bagarat, founder of the Bagratuni family of
Armenia, 157
Bagarat, King of Georgia and Abasgia, 165
Bagatur, hero, title in old Bulgaria, 231
Baghdad, Chap. x passim; buildings of, 39,
152; 124; feeling against Turks in, 131,
276, 285; revolution in, 147; taken by
Tīmūr, 181, 651, 680; by Hūlāgū, 279,
628, 642, 654; made capital by Abbasids,
274, 281; again by Mu'tamid, 276; siege
of, by Tāhir, 276; Russian traders at,
201; 218; 277; Manichaeans at, 287 ;
Nestorian Patriarchs of, 289; culture in,
294, 296 sq. ; 298; 300; Buwaihids in,
277, 301; Tugbril Beg in, 304; University
at, 305 sq. ; 309 sq. ; 317; 653; 656; com-
pared with Constantinople, 745; traders
from, 750; see also Caliphate
Bagbras, fortress of, 146; 343
Bagratid (Bagratuni), Kings of Armenia, 111;
140; 154 sq. ; 157; wealth and power of,
158; 159; extinction of, 166 sq. ; 182;.
see Abas, Ashot, Gagik, John-Smbat,
Smbat
Bahā-ad-Din, biographer of Saladin, 306
Babrām, Seljūg prince of Kirmān, 314
Bahrām Shāh, made ruler of Ghaznah by
Sanjar, 311
Baiane, see Eudocia
Baibars, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, general
of Sultan Qutuz, 643; slays Qutuz, 644;
captures Antioch, 175; defeated and slain,
176; 642
Baiņāwi, commentator on the Koran, 291
Baidu, Mongol rebel, 178
Bajnak, Arab name for Patzinaks, q. v.
Bakjūr, emir of Aleppo, and Emperor Nice-
phorus II, 146
Balādhuri, Arab historian and biographer,
293
Balanea (Bulunyās), taken by Emperor John
I, 148; 339; 343
Balanjar, town of the Chazars, 191 sq.
Balat, near Antioch, taken by Emperor
John II, 359
Balāta, Armenian general of the Byzantines
in Sicily, 135
Balaton, Lake, see Blatno
Baldwin I, count of Flanders, Latin Emperor
of the East, 421; weakness of, 422; defeat
and death, 424, 520; 427; 478 note; 480
sq.
Baldwin II, Latin Emperor, minority of,
427 sq. ; appeals to Europe, 429; driven
from Constantinople, 431, 443, 512; 488;
and Michael VIII, 509; 511; 527; sur-
renders his rights to Charles of Anjou, 610
Baldwin I of Edessa, King of Jerusalem,
317; 335; at Tarsus, 338; and Venetians,
411
Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem, and Vene-
tians, 411
Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem, mediates
between Emperor Manuel I and Armeno.
Cilicia, 171; marries Byzantine princess,
374, 381
Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem, and Em-
peror Manuel I, 377
Baldwin, count of Germanicea, and Leo I
of Armeno-Cilicia, 169
Baldwin, marshal of Armeno-Cilicia, 181
Balitza, ceded to Bohemond of Antioch, 343
Balkan peninsula, Chap. VII, Chap. XVII,
Chap. XVIII; Slav tribes in, 4; 13; eccle-
siastical provinces of, 58; Avars in, 186;
Bulgars migrate to, 200; Russians and,
207 sq. ; Magyars in, 212; 213; 330; 432;
Ottomans in, Chap. XXI passim; passes,
Emperor Nicephorus I killed in, 37, 233;
676; medievalism of, 550, 586; themes
of, 733
Balkash, Lake, 631, 652
Balkh, conquered by Seljūgs, 304; 312; des-
troyed by Mongols, 633; Tīmūr at, 650
Balša family, in the Zeta (Montenegro),
553, 559, 564, 583, 585 sq. ; 592; see
George II Balša
Balša I, ruler of Montenegro, 592
Balša II, ruler of Montenegro, 592
Balša III, ruler of Montenegro, 592
Balša, last duke of Herzegovina, 582
Balsamon, see Theodore
Balta-oghlu, admiral of Mahomet II, at siege
of Constantinople, 699
Baltic Sea, 202
Balukli, outside Constantinople, 512
Banda, subdivision of a Byzantine army
corps or theme, 734, 739
Banjaluka, residence of Turkish viceroy in
Bosnia, 582
Baphaeum (Qoyun-Hisār), Ottoman victory
at, 657
Barbaro, Nicold, Venetian surgeon at siege
of Constantinople, 695 sqq. , 700 note; 702
sq.
Barbarossa, see Frederick I, Khair-ad-Din
Barcelona, “Customs of," Athens governed
by, 451; 456
Bardanes Turcus, see Turcus
Bardas, the Caesar, brother of the Regent
Theodora, 40; plots of, 42; made Caesar,
43; administration, 43; patronage of
learning, 44, 710 sq. ; 763; 45; 66; Bar-
das and Photian schism, 46, 248; 47;
murdered, 48, 50, 250; 53; and Saracens,
120, 133 sq. , 137; 251
Bardas Sclerus, see Sclerus
Bardsrberd (the High Fortress), in Armeno-
Cilicia, 168, 177
Bari, 94; taken by Emperor Louis II, 139;
attacked by Saracens, 149, 406; captured
by Normans, 325, 356, 408, 597; arch-
bishop of, and Pope John XIX, 263, 267;
council of, 599 sq. ; 601; church of St
Nicholas at, 537
Barkiyrāuq, Great Seljūq Sultan, 308; reign
of, 309 sq. ; 311; 314; 343


## p. 919 (#961) ############################################

Index
919
Basileus (Eastern Emperor), titles and at-
tributes of, 726 sq.
Basilian monks in South Italy, 259
Basilics (Tà Baơ thoá), code of Leo VI, 52,
58, 66; 706 sqq. ; 713 sqq. ; _720 sqq.
Βασιλικoπλόϊμον, τo, division of Byzantine
navy, 743
Barlaam, Abbot, Byzantine theologian, 595;
at Avignon, 615
Barmecides (Barmakids), family, 274, see
Yahya
Barozzi family, at Santorin, 435
Barsuls, the, Bulgarian tribe, 192
Bartletus, 691 note
Barzūyah (Borzo), taken by Emperor John I,
148
Basaraba, see Ivanko, Larote, Nicholas
Basāsiri, the Isfahsālār, and the Caliph of
Baghdad, 304
Bashi-bazuks, Turkish irregular troops,
665; 696; failure before Constantinople,
702
Bashkirs (Bashgurt), Caspian tribes, 195
Basil I, the Macedonian, Emperor, 43 sqq. ;
intrigues against Bardas, 47; gains the
throne, 48, 50; early life, 49, 234; family,
50; financial reforms, 51; legislation, 52,
706, 710 sqq. , 717, 722; encouragement
of art, 52, 67; Photian schism and, 53,
250 sq. ; death of, 54; 55 sq. ; 58 sq. ; 61;
63; life of, by Constantine VII, 67, 69;
100; foreign policy, 138 sq. ; losses in
Sicily, 140; relations with Armenia, 138,
140, 158; and St Methodius, 228; 753 sq.
Basil II Bulgaroctonus, Emperor, 67;
crowned, 68; 79; 81 sq. ; character, 83;
early years, 84; seizes power, 86; war
with Bulgarians, 87, 240 sqq. ; organizes
government of Bulgaria, 243, 735; and
Bulgarian Church, 94, 243 sq. ; defeats
Phocas, 88; legislation of, 89, 92 sq. , 715,
718; alliance with Russians, 90, 209;
Papacy and, 91, 94, 259, 262 sqq. ; and Wes-
tern Empire, 94; and Venice, 94, 405 sq. ;
travels, 95; death of, 96, 150; 97; 144;
Saracen campaigns, 148 sq. ; and Armenia,
164; 239; 318; 425; 484; 492; and feudal
nobility, 92, 771; discovery of body of,
509
Basil, the Scamandrian, Patriarch of Con-
stantinople, disgrace and exile of, 80, 260
Basil, archbishop of Ochrida, correspond-
ence of with Pope Hadrian IV, 601
Basil, archbishop of Thessalonica, on
Photius, 255
Basil, metropolitan of Caesarea, 65
Basil “the Bird,” favourite of Emperor
Constantine VII, 64; conspires against
Romanus II, 68
Basil, the Parakoimomenos, natural son of
Emperor Romanus I, 64; supporter of
Nicephorus II, 72; minister of John I,
79; 82; of Basil II, 84 sq. ; downfall and
death, 86 sq. ; estates of, 93
Basilaces, heretical priest, condemned by
Emperor Manuel, 363
Basilaces, rebel against Emperor Nice-
phorus III, 327
Basilacius, plotter against Emperor Al-
exius I, 342
Basileopator, title of Zaützes, 57; assumed
by Romanus Leca penus, 61
Basiliscianus, favourite of Emperor Michael
III, 50
Basle, Council of, and Reunion of the
Churches, 620 sq.
Başrah, sacked by marauders, 276; com-
mercial importance of, 286; school of
grammarians at, 291
Batbayan, Bulgarian chieftain, and Chazars,
188
Batnae (Sarūj), see Sarūj
Battāl, Saracen general, 120 sq.
Bātu, grandson of Jenghiz Khan, invades
Europe, 637 sq. ; 643; rule of, 652
Baux, house of, 553, see Jacques
Bavaria, colonists from, in Pannonia, 211;
Magyars in, 212; duke of, see Welf
Bayan, Khan of Bulgaria, and Emperor
Constantine V, 232
Bāyazid I, Ottoman Sultan, descent of, 360
note; at Kossovo, 558; 559; and Bul-
garia, 560; victory at Nicopolis, 561; de.
feated at Angora, 562, 619, 651, 682;
593; 671; 673; character of, 674; his
attempt to capture Constantinople, 675
sqq. ; Tīmūr and, 679 sqq. ; captivity and
death, 683 sq. ; 685 sq. ; 694; supposed
son of, 567
Bāyazid II, Ottoman Sultan, annexes Her
zegovina, 582; 593
Bāyazid, grand vizier of Mahomet I, 688
Bayber, Seljūq victory at, 166; 167
Bazaars, at Constantinople, 761
Beatus, doge-consort of Venice, and Byzan
tium, 393 sqq.
Beauvais, bishop of, see Odo; see also Vin
cent
Beccus, see John
Bedouins, 294
Beglerbey (Beglerbeg) among Ottomans,
664; of Rumelia, 555, 571
Béla Í, King of Hungary, and Emperor
Manuel I, 372 sq.
Béla II, the Blind, King of Hungary, 356
Béla III, King of Hungary, and Mary of
Antioch, 380; invades Byzantium, 383
Béla IV, King of Hungary, and Emperor
John III, 608; defeated by Mongols, 637
Béla, Duke of Mačva and Bosnia, 591
Béla, son of Uroš of Rascia, 356; and Em.
peror Manuel, 373
Bêla vezha, Russian name of Sarkel, q.