;
marriage
to Michael IV, 101 sqq.
Cambridge Medieval History - v4 - Eastern Roman Empire
986 (#1028) ###########################################
986
Index
Theodosius I, Emperor, 154; column of, at
Constantinople, 748
Theodosius II, Emperor, enlarges Constan.
tinople, 747, 749; founds university of
Constantinople, 764
Theodosius III, Emperor, 3
Theodosius, St, of Trnovo, adviser of John
Alexander of Bulgaria, 550
Theodosius, father of Constantine IX, 108
Theodosius, cousin of Constantine IX, re-
volts against Michael VI, 117
Theodosius, bishop of Ephesus, 8
Theodosius, the patrician, sent by Theo.
philus to the doge, 397
Theodote, second wife of Constantine VI,
23 sq. , 28
Theodotus Cassiteras, made Patriarch of
Constantinople by Leo V, 31; dies, 33
Theodotus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
380; and Andronicus I, 381 sq.
Theodotus, the patrician, commander in
Sicily, defeated and killed by Saracens,
135
Theognostus, the archimandrite, partisan of
Ignatius, 249
Theophanes, Byzantine historian, 2, 11, 13,
16, 19, 24 sqq. , 29; continuation of, by
Constantine VII, 67; 120 note; 765
Theophanes, Palestinian monk, champion
of icons, 34
Theophanes, the patrician, envoy of Romanus
I to the Magyars, 212
Theophanes the Sicilian, author of Life of
St Joseph, 255
Theophano (St Theophano), Empress, wife
of Leo VI, 55; death, 56; 59, 256
Theophano, Empress, wife of Romanus II,
character, 65, 67; governs, 68; 69; re-
gency of, 70; and Nicephorus Phocas, 71
sqq. , 145; 77 sq. ; banished, 79; 81; 84;
757
Theophano, daughter of Romanus II, 68;
147; marries Otto II, 77; 81; 94
Theophano, daughter of Constantine VII,
68
Theophilus, Emperor, accession and icono-
clastic zeal of, 34; Saracen war, 38, 128
sqq. ; and Louis the Pious, 38, 203; in-
ternal administration, 39; buildings and
love of the arts, 39 sq. , 754; 41 sqq. ; 136;
152; 189; 192; and Venice, 396 sq. ;
Novels of, 710
Theophilus, Byzantine admiral, captured
by Saracens, 125
Theophilus, professor of law, under Justin-
ian, 707, 714, 721
Theophobus, the Persian, leads Saracen
rebels to Theophilus, 38, 128; executed,
Theophylact, son of Romanus I, made Pa-
triarch of Constantinople, 63, 259; 64;
character and death of, 65, 260
Theophylact of Euboea, archbishop of Och.
rida, 243; book on the Errors of the
Latins, 333, 598
Theophylact, see Simocatta
Theophylact of Torcello, 397
Theophylact, Roman Senator, 256
Theophylitzes, patron of Basil the Mace.
donian, 50
Dewpntpov (bridal gift of husband to wife),
in Byzantine law, 716
Theorianus, and the Armenian Church, 363
Theotmar, archbishop of Salzburg, 227
Theotokos, title of the Virgin Mary, 2; 13
sq. ; church of at Constantinople, see under
Constantinople; at Jerusalem (Vefa jami'),
768
Thera, eruption at, 9
Therapia, destroyed by Turks, 698
Therasia, eruption at, 9
Thermodon, river, 487
Thermopylae, pass of, 242, 433
Theseus, “Duke of Athens,” 442
Thessalonica, see Salonica
Thessaly, 141, 217, 240; Normans in, 329;
Latin lordships in, 422; 424, 426, 428,
432, 436, 439; given to Philip of Taranto,
448; 449 sq. ; Turks conquer, 458, 463;
491; annexed by Stephen Dušan, 543, 545;
ruled by Simeon Uroš, 552 sq. ; 687; MSS.
in, 499; sees in, 95, 243
Thierri de Loos, seneschal of Latin Empire,
in Asia Minor, 482 sq.
Thietmar, German chronicler, on the By-
zantine Xelávdia, 398 note
Thionville (Theodonis Villa), 394 sq. , 398
Thomas Angelus, last despot of Epirus,
murdered by Orsini, 453, 475
Thomas Ostojić, Stephen, King of Bosnia,
574; and Bogomiles, 575; death, 578; 591
Thomas Palaeologus, despot of the Morea,
460 sq. ; and Turks, 463 sg. ; daughter of,
578
Thomas Preljubović, ruler of Epirus, 552;
assassinated, 553; 457; 475
Thomas the Slavonian, rebels against Mi.
chael II, 33 sqq. , 235; and Saracens, 127
Thomas de Stromoncourt, founds barony of
Sálona, 433
Thomas Aquinas, St, and Byzantine
Church, 595
Thomas Morosini, Latin Patriarch of Con.
stantinople, 421, 426, 606
Thomas, bishop of Claudiopolis, 8
Thomas of Medzoph, Armenian churchman,
182
Thopia, clan of Albania, 584; see Carlo
Thoros I, ruler of Armeno-Cilicia, prosper.
ous reign, 169; 357 sq.
Thoros II, ruler of Armeno-Cilicia, 169; re-
conquers his kingdom from Manuel 1,
170 sq. ; 359, 373 sqq. , 381
Thoros III, King of Armeno-Cilicia, put to
death, 177
Thrace, 13 sq. , 35, 37, 119; Magyars in-
vade, 212, 230, 234, 240, 323; anti-Latin
rising in, 424, 481; 427, 432, 483, 486,
489 sq. , 511, 520, 523 sqq. ; Tartars in,
527, 663; 546; Ottoman Turks in, 555,
40
## p. 987 (#1029) ###########################################
Index
987
617, 658 sq. , 662, 665, 668 sqq. , 672,
675, 685, 695; 689; Asiatic colonists in,
231; Thracian origin of Emperor John
III, 487; theme of, 733; Thracians in
Byzantine Empire, 773
Thracesian theme, 5, 339, 732 sq. ; strate-
gus of, see Contomytes, Lachanodraco
Thucydides, 763
Thughūr-al-Jazira, Saracen province, 132
Thughūr-ash-Shām, Saracen province, 132
Thumāma, Saracen general, 123; defeated,
124
Thuringia, landgrave of, and Mongols, 639
Tibb-i-Yunánt, and Greek medicine, 298
Tiberias, surrendered to John I, 148
Tiberius II, Emperor, 187; Novels of, 708,
714
Tiberius III Apsimar, Emperor, exiles Jus.
tinian II, 189
Tiberius, pretended son of Justinian II, 121
Tibet, raided by Mongols, 649
Tiflis, in Iberia, taken by Mongols, 636, 679
Tigris, river, 276, 306, 636
Tikhomir, Bulgarian leader, 244
Timariots, Ottoman military tenants, 664
Timur (Timūrleng, Tamerlane, Tambur-
lane, Timurlane), Mongol leader, birth and
career, 650 sqq. ; and Bāyazid I, 679 sqq. ;
at battle of Angora, 562, 619; besieges
Smyrna, 683; death, 651, 684; 181 sq. ;
193; 644; 674; 685 sq. ; 688 sqq. ; 695
Tīmūrid dynasties, displaced by Uzbegs, 651
Tinnis, 119
Tipucitus, 722; 713
Tiridates (Trdat), Armenian architect, re-
stores St Sophia, 96; architect of the
cathedral at Ani, 163
Tirmidh, fortress of, 312 sq.
Tirmidhi, compiler of Arab traditions, 291
Titles, of the Emperor, 726; of the hierarchy,
Topoteresiae (lieutenancies), subdivisions of
theme, 734
Tõp Qāpu, gate at Constantinople, see St
Romanus
Torcello, settlement of, 386; bishopric of,
387; trade of, 391; bishop of, see Domi.
nicus, Orso, Vitalis, see also Theophylact
Torgods, Mongol tribe, 650
Torki, see Ghuzz
Tornesi, coins of Tours, 439
Tornicius (Tornig), general of Basil II, builds
the convent of Iviron, 90
Tornicius, Leo, revolts against Constantine
IX, 110 sq. , 266
Tortosa, see Taratūs
Toucy, see Ancelin de
Toul, diocese of, 265
Toulouse, see Raymond
Tours, battle of, 637; coins of, 439
Trade and commerce, of Constantinople,
761 sq. ; of provincial towns, 770; trade
between Saracens and Byzantines, 152;
commercial treaty with Russians, 205;
trade with Bulgaria, 237; Alexius I and
Pisans, 344; and Venetians, 354: Manuel I
and Pisans, 371; clauses of treaty of
Nymphaeum, 511; trade between Nicaea
and Seljūgs, 498; of Armenia, 162, 173;
of Chazars, 191; of White Bulgars, 193;
slave trade of Magyars, 197; trade of
Patzinaks, 199; Russian commerce,
201
sqq. , 206, 209; Saracen commerce under
Abbasids, 286, 289; under Fatimids, 302;
Venetian trade and commerce, Chap. Xm
passim, 416; in Euboea, 435; in Cyprus,
469, 471; commercial prosperity of Lesbos,
465; trade of Bosnia, 517; of Ragusa and
Bulgaria, 523; of Serbia, 535, 541, 549;
Byzantine mercantile marine, 5, 762
Tradonicus, Peter, doge of Venice, 397 sq. ;
murdered, 398
Trajan's, column, 748; bridge, 688
Trajanopolis, Turks defeated at, 662
Tralles, see Aidin; Anthemius of
Trani, defeat of Normans off, 412; 513 note;
bishop of, see John
Transcaucasia, 154; tribes of, 207; see also
Abasgia, Albania, Iberia
Translatio S. Clementis, Latin account of
St Cyril, 216, 218 sqq.
Transoxiana (Mā-wara-an-Nahr), conquered
by Seljūgs, 277; by Mongols, 279; Seljūq
emigrates to, 300, 303; 311; invaded by
the Khatá, 312; 317; 633; 650 sq. ; see
also Turkestan
Transylvania (Black Hungary), in the ninth
century, 211; 214 sq. ; 540; 571; Murād
II in, 690
Trapezitae, Byzantine light cavalry, 740
Traù, submits to Venetians, 406; 411
Traulus, mutinies against Alexius I, 330
Travnik, Turkish residence in Bosnia, 582
Trdat, see Tiridates
Trebizond, 56, 88, 96; duke of, 344, 381;
Empire of, founded by Comneni, 423 sq. ,
730 sq.
Tito Venier, marquess of Cerigo, rebels
against Venice, 457
Tivertsy, Slav tribe, and Magyars, 198
Tivoli, 241, 601
Tmutorakan, see Phangoria
Tmutorakanian Russia, 208
Tocco family, dominions annexed by Turks,
463, 466; at Naples, 455, 466; and archae-
ology, 474; see Antonio, Carlo, Leonardo
Toitzakia, Chazar garment introduced at
Constantinople by Irene, 189
Tokat, modern name of Dazimon, 38
Toktu, Khan of Bulgaria, slain by Byzan.
tines, 232
Tolen, Prince of Hum, 591
Tolonor, conference of, between Mongols
and Chinese, 649
Tomor, Mt, in Albania, 242
Tópos tñs vcrews (Tomus Unionis), decree
of Nicholas Mysticus, 62, 257
Tongking, see Annam
T'o-pa, empire of, in East Asia, 185 sq.
Tophana, 700
Toplica, river, Turkish defeat on the, 557
## p. 988 (#1030) ###########################################
988
Index
479 9 sq. ; 465; and Empire of Nicaea, 482,
486 sq. ; and Nicene Patriarch, 486, 498;
besieged by Seljūgs, 514 sq. ; Turks and,
656, 665, 674; 690; Table of rulers, 516;
trade of, 762, 770; country of Bessarion,
620; Armenian MS. Gospels of, 162; see
also Chaldia
Trèves, archbishop of, and Photius, 249
Trevisan, Gabriel, Venetian commander, at
siege of Constantinople, 695, 697 sq. , 700
Treviso, 393; bishop of, 404 sq. ; Trevisan
march, 398, 402
Tribunes at Venice, 386, 389, 392, 397;
tribunitian families, 387 sq.
Tribuni Maritimorum of Venetia, 385
Tribunus, Peter, doge of Venice, 400
Tribunus Menius (Memmo), doge of Venice,
403; deposed, 404
Triclinius, Byzantine professor, 764
Tricocca, near Nicaea, taken by Osmān, 657
Triconchus, see under Constantinople
Trikala, captured by Normans, 329; 552 sq.
Triphyllius, Constantine, negotiates with
Saracens, 133
Tripolis, emir of, treaty with Romanus III,
100; 146; 148 sq. ; 173; besieged by Cru.
saders, 341; princes of, see Bertrand,
Pons, Raymond; see also Leo of
Trit, see Renier of
Trnovo, capital of Bulgarian Tsars, 234, 238,
428, 489, 518 sq. , 522; Kalojan crowned
at, 520; 521; splendour of, 525; 527 sq. ;
besieged by Byzantines, 529; 531; 544;
557; taken by Turks, 560; 577; Patri-
arch of, 542; church of the Forty Martyrs
at, 560
Troad, the, held by Latins, 485; ceded to
John III, 487; Armenian colony in, 479,
481
Troy, 525; Latin bishopric of, 485; Trojan
War, 506; frescoes of, at Patras, 446; 705
Trstivnica, river, 581
Truvor, Swedish chieftain in Russia, 200
Tryphon, Patriarch of Constantinople, 63,
260
Tryphon, St, patron saint of Nicaea, 506;
figure of, on coins, 514
Tsar (Caesar), of Bulgaria, title assumed by
Simeon, 238; Table of Tsars, 590
Tsar (Caesar), of Serbia, title assumed by
Stephen Dušan, 542; Table of Tsars, 590
Tsarigrad, Russian name for Constantinople,
746
Tudela, see Benjamin of
Tuduns, lieutenants of the Chazar khagan,
189
Tugbril Arslān, emir of Melitene, 353
Tugbril Beg, Great Seljūq Sultan, reign
and conquests of, 304 sq. ; and Armenia,
164, 166; enters Baghdad, 277, 304;
death, 305
Tughril II, last Seljúg ruler in 'Irāg, 315
Tugbril Shāh, Seljūg ruler in Kirmān, 314
Tughtigin, founder of the Būrid dynasty of
Syria, 314 sq.
T'u-Küe, Turkish hordes of Central Asia,
185
Tulē, youngest son of Jenghiz Khan, 633,
635 sq. , 641
Tālūnid dynasty in Egypt, founded, 139;
300
T'u-mên, leader of Turkish tribes, 185 sqq.
Tunis, Aghlabids in, 300; Crusade against,
610
Tunja valley, near Hadrianople, 318
Tuqtāmish, Mongol Khan of the Golden
Horde, sacks Moscow, 652
Tura-Khān, Ottoman captain, in the Morea,
460; 463
Turakina, widow of Ogdai Khan, 640
Tūrān, Seljūg prince of Kirman, 314
Turbessel, John II before, 361
Turcopuli, Turks employed by Byzantines,
658
Turco-Tartar races, 194 sq.
Turcus, Bardanes, rebels against Nicephorus
I, 34
Turkān Khātun, wife of Malik Shāh, 307;
intrigues and death, 308 sq. ; 310
Turkestan, 185, 188, 303; Alp Arslan's cam.
paigns in, 307; conquered by Mongols,
633; Manichaeans in, 288; king of, 300;
see also Transoxiana
Turkomans, invade Cilicia, 169; 171; 180;
307; see also Ghuzz
Turks, Chaps. vo (A), X (B), XVIII, XXI pas-
sim; of Central Asia, 185 sqq. ; and Cha-
zars, 188; Turkish elements in Bulgar
race, 184; in Magyars, 194, 196; Turkish
soldiers of the Caliphs, 129, 131, 139, 276
sq. , 285 sq. ; Turkish princes in Cilicia,
470; Turkish tribes in Anatolia, 653 sqq. ;
among Mongols, 631; Turkish mercen.
aries in Greece, 443 sq. ; 450; in Serbia,
553; in Byzantine army, 347, 738; as
subjects of the Empire, 735 sqq. ; modern
Turks compared with Byzantines, 774;
Turkish language, 195, 295; see also
Mongols, Ottomans, Seljūgs
Turmae, subdivisions of army and theme,
734, 739
Turmarchs, 734
Turnu-Severin, Roumanian town, 567
Turov, 210
Turtukai, on the Danube, 235
Turuberan, in higher Armenia, 158; ravaged
by Tīmūr, 181
Turxanth, Turkish khagan, receives By-
zantine embassy, 188
ſūs, governor of, and Seljūgs, 304
Tuscany, marquess of, see Hubert
Tusla, fortress of, captured by John III,
490
Tutsa, Bulgarian river, 235
Tutush, Seljūg ruler in Syria, son of Alp
Arslān, 309 sq. , 314 sq. ; captures Jeru-
salem, 316; 317
i
Tvrtko I, King of Bosnia, succeeds as ban
of Bosnia, 545; victories of, 555 sq. ;
crowned king, 556; joins anti-Turkish
## p. 989 (#1031) ###########################################
Index
989
Uqailids, dynasty of Mosul, 317
Ural-Altaic peoples, 192, 194
Ural, river, see Yaik
Uranus, Nicephorus, ambassador to Bagh-
dad, 86; victorious over Bulgarians, 241
Urban II, Pope, and Alexius I, 333, 596,
598 sq.
league, 557 sq. ; death of, 559; 565; 575;
591
Tvrtko II, Tvrtković, King of Bosnia, 565
sqq. , 573 sq. , 591
Tyana, 121; mosque built at, 126; 127 sqq.
Tymphrestos, Greek mountain, 444
Typikon, monastic rule, of St Athanasius, 80
Tyras, Greek colony on Black Sea, 183
Tyre, 376; captured by Venetians, 411; see
Amaury, William
Tyropaeum, castle of, 88
Tyrrhenian Sea, 742
Tzachas, emir of Smyrna, designs on Con-
stantinople, 331
Tzetzes, Byzantine writer, 763; Chiliads of,
368
Tzimisces, family, 69, 93; see John I, Em-
peror
Tzurulum, see Chorlu
Tzympe, first Turkish settlement in Europe,
544; 667
Urban IV, Pope, and Michael VIII, 609
Urban V, Pope, and Petrarch, 616; and
John V, 617 sq. , 670
Urban, Hungarian engineer, casts monster-
gun for siege of Constantinople, 696,
698
Urdu language, 295
Uriang Kadai, Mongol general, in China,
644
Uroš, Župan of Rascia, and his family, 356;
see also Pervoslav, Stephen
Ursus (Orso), third doge of Venice, 388;
independent election of, 390; 391
Ursus, son of John Particiacus, bishop of
Olivolo, 397
Urtuq ibn Aksab, founder of the Urtuqid
dynasty, 316 sq.
Urtuqid dynasty of Aleppo, 314 sq. , 317
Uskūb, see Skoplje
Usora, Bosnian district, annexed by Serbia,
573
Uspenski, on foundation of Sarkel, 192
Ussakhal, Mongol ruler, defeated by Chinese,
649
Uthmān, see Osman
Utigurs, Utrigurs, Bulgar tribe, 185, 200;
prince of, see A-na-kuei, Organas
Uzbeg Mongols, 651 sq.
Uzes, Byzantine name for Ghuzz, q. v.
'Ubaid-Allāh (Mahdi), first Fāțimid Caliph,
conquers North Africa, 302
"Ubaid. Allāh, governor of Antioch, 89
Ubaldo, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, sent to
Constantinople, 602
Udine, proposed council at, 621
Ugain, nobility of old Bulgaria, 231; clan
of, 231
Uglješa, see John
Ugrian tribes, 194; Ugro-Finnish Society,
and site of Karakorum, 640
Ugrin, Duke of Mačva and Bosnia, 591
Uighurs, Mongol tribe, 631; ruled by Jagatai,
635; script of, among Mongols, 634, 646
“Ujaif, Saracen general, 128 sq.
Uj Palanka, see Haram
Ukil, Bulgarian clan, 231
Ukrainians (Little Russians), 200
•Ulama, the, Murād I and, 668
Uldza, river, 630
Uljāitū, Mongol Īl-khān of Persia, becomes
Musulman, 178
Ulnia (Zeithun), in Armeno-Cilicia, 168
Ulubad, see Lopadium
Umago, and Venice, 412
Umar, claimant for the Bulgarian throne,
232
Ummán, 312
Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus, 139, 274 sq. ;
unorthodoxy of, 280 sqq. , 288; churches
built under, 289; 290 sq. ; 293; 300; and
the Shi'ites, 301; 641; naval power of,
741; emirs of Cordova, 38, 139, 274 sq. ;
see Caliphate, Caliphs
Uniates, in Armenia, 179, 182; Uniate Greeks
and Papacy, 594
University, of Constantinople, 44, 217, 248,
764; reopened by Constantine IX, 114;
at Latin Athens, 462; at Baghdad, 305;
at Kars, 162, 167; at Nishāpur, 306; of
Paris, Greek scholarships at, 616
Unrū Bulka, the Isfahsālār, rebels against
Barkiyāruq, 310
Vácz (Waitzen), bishopric of, founded, 214
Vahan Kamsarakan, Armenian leader
against the Persians, 157
Vaban Mamikonian, “the Wolf," Arme-
nian leader against Persians, 157
Vahka, Armeno-Cilician fortress, 168 sqq.
Vajk, former name of St Stephen of Hun-
gary, 9. v.
Vakhtang, Code of (Iberian), Byzantine in.
fluence on, 724
Valarsaces, Arsacid King of Armenia, 157
Valencia, tomb of the Empress Constance
at, 496
Valens, Emperor, 233; aqueduct of, 96
Valentinus, Byzantine ambassador to the
supreme khagan, 187 sq.
“Valerian, wall of," at Athens, 462
Valley of Flowers, at Ani, 163
Valois, see Catherine, Charles, Philip
Vámbéry, on Magyars, 194 sqq. ; on Patzinaks,
197
Van, kingdom of (Vaspurakan), in Armenia,
157, 161, 163; overrun by Seljūgs, 164;
166 sq. ; by Mongols, 181 sq. ; 318; fortress
of, 157, 167; lake of, 157
Vaband, in Armenia, 129; kingdom of,
founded by Mushel, 161; revolts against
Ashot I, 159, 162; given to Byzantines,
## p. 990 (#1032) ###########################################
990
Index
166; taken by Seljūgs, 167; King of, see
Gagik
Vandals, in Justinian's army, 738
Varangians, and Basil II, 88, 90, 209; de-
tachment in Sicily, 150; in Russia, 202
sqq. ; Byzantine bodyguard, 209, 327, 738,
750; in navy, 742; church of, at Constan-
tinople, 264; theory of foundation of
Russian Empire, 199 sq. ; see also Russians,
Scandinavians, Swedes
Varaztirots Bagratuni, Armenian curopa-
lates, 157
Vardan, Armenian rebel against Saracens,
126
Vardan Mamikonian, Armenian leader,
killed in the battle of Avaraïr, 155, 157
Vardar, river, 241, 508, 519, 533, 553, 737,
770
Varna, in Bulgaria, 230, 519, 549, 584;
Ottoman victory at, 462, 572 sq. , 624, 691
sq. , 696
564,566, 575; Table of colonies, 486; colo-
nies left after Ottoman conquest, 465; lost,
472; Serbia and, 535, 541 sq. , 546; su-
zerainty over Montenegro, 586 sq. ; Bosnia
and, 544, 556, 559, 574 sq. , 579; and
Balkans, Chap. XVII passim; and Theo-
dore I, 487; and Michael VIII, 609, 613;
617; 623; and Andronicus II, 657; aid
Boucicaut, 677; help to defend Constan-
tinople, 695; Byzantine navy and, 742; in
Constantinople, 750, 762 ; Byzantine in-
fluence on Venetian art, 776
Venice, see Venetians, Chap. XIII; Maritime
Venetia made into a separate ducatus, 387,
389, 392; SS. Cyril and Methodius at, 224;
Otto II at, 406; John y at, 618, 670;
John VIII at, 621; Manuel II. at, 678;
447; Byzantine psalter at, 769; peace of,
370, 372, 414
Venier, Venetian family, lordship of, in
Aegean, 436; see Tito
Veregava, Bulgarians defeat Constantine V
at, 231
Veria (Berrhoea), in Macedonia, 241; cap-
tured by Normans, 329
Vermandois, see Hugh, Philip
Verona, and Venice, 412; treaty of, 404;
Veronese lords in Euboea, 435, 451
Versinicia, battle of, 29, 35, 37, 233
Vestiarii, office of the, 730
Vest Sarkis Siwni, regent of Armenia, be-
trays country to Constantine IX, 164
Veszprém, bishopric of, founded, 214
Vetalonia, 503
Vetrano, Leo, Genoese pirate, threatens
Corfù, 432; executed, 434
Via Egnatia, threatened by Normans, 408
Viaro, Venetian family, lordshipof, in Aegean,
436
Vicenza, and Venice, 398
Victor II, Pope, and the Schism, 270
Vidin, Bulgarian fortress, 240 sq. ; captured
by Hungarians, 527, 554; 557; captured
by Ottomans, 561, 572; bishopric of, 243;
see Anne, John Sracimir, Michael
Viepna, Byzantine MSS. at, 768
Vigla, see Arithmus
Villehardouin, Geoffrey de, the bistorian,
negotiates with Venetians, 415; impres-
sion of Constantinople, 418; on booty of,
420, 745; 422; 433
Villebardouins of Achaia, 431; see Geoffrey,
Isabelle, William
Vincent of Beauvais, 515 note
Visdomino, of Venice, established at Ferrara,
410
Vita Basilii (Basil I), 711
Vita Clementis, 229
Vita Cyrilli (Pannonian legend), credibility
of, 216; 217 sq.
Vita Ignatii, 253
Vita Methodii (Pannonian legend), credibility
of, 216; 217 sq.
Vitalian, 386
Vitalis Candianus, doge of Venice, 403
768 sq.
Varyag, see Varangian
Vasak Mamikonian, Armenian general, 157
Vaspurakan, see Van
Vassal, John and James, messengers from
Mongols to Edward I of England, 176
Vatatzes, Andronicus, defeated by Seljūgs,
378
Vatatzes, John Ducas; see John III, Em-
peror
Vatatzes, lieutenant of Tornicius, executed
by Constantine IX, 111
Vatican, librarian of, see Anastasius; Bul.
garian MS. at, 549; Byzantine MSS. at,
Vatopedi, convent of, founded by Basil II,
90
Veccus, see John Beccus
Vefa-jāmió, see Theotokos, church of the
Veglia, submits to Venetians, 406
Velbužd (Köstendil), 492; battle of, 538 sq. ;
Murād I at, 557
Velehrad, in Moravia, 229
Velestino, fief of, 433
Venetia, 385 sq. , see Venice
Venetians, Chap. XIII; and Leo III, 9, 388;
18; and Charlemagne, 36, 395 sq. ; and
Basil II, 94, 138; fleet in Sicily, 135; de-
feat at Taranto, 136; at Bari, 149; and
Armenia, 173, 181; and Alexius I, 329 sq. ,
341, 347; and John II, 354; 362; and
Manuel, 368, 370 sq. ; and Fourth Crusade,
414, 604, Chap. xiv passim; share in par-
tition of Empire, 421, 427, 432, 434, 606;
and Baldwin II, 429, 431; 433; and Geof.
frey of Achaia, 438; 440; possessions in
Greece, 453, 457 sqq. , 461, 464; wars with
Ottomans, 466 sq. , 687 sq. ; administra-
tion of foreign possessions, 434 sqq. ; in
Cyprus, 469 sqq. ; and Rhodes, 494; in
Chios and Icaria, 468, 477; rising in Crete
against, 616; rivalry with Genoese, 469,
666; lose Gallipoli, 489; lose Salonica,
461, 690; colonies in Asia Minor, 480;
in Albania, 583 sqq. , 592; in Dalmatia,
555;
## p. 991 (#1033) ###########################################
Index
991
Vólosti, Russian city-states, 202 sq.
Volpiano, see William of
Vonitza, castle of, held by Leonardo Tocco,
465; annexed by Ottomans, 466
Vostitza, Venetian colony, 476
Votyaks, Ugrian tribe, 194
Vračar, 522 note
Vranina, sacred island on Lake Scutari,
586
Vrbas, Bosnian river, 581
Vrbitsa pass, in Bulgaria, 231
Vrdnik, monastery of, 558
Vrhbosna, in Bosnia, Ottomans in, 566 sq. ,
574, 582
Vsevolod, Russian prince, marriage to By.
zantine princess, 111
Vuk Branković, alleged treachery of, at Kos-
sovo, 558; rules at Priština, 559; 590
Vuk Lazarević, Serbian prince, and his
brother, 563
Vukan, son of Stephen Nemanja, 518; calls
in Hungarians, 519; 521; 590
Vukašin, King of Serbia, guardian of Stephen
Uroš V, 553; becomes king, 554; death in
battle, 555, 670; 590
Vukčić, Bosnian family, see Catherine,
Hrvoje, Stephen, Vladislav, Vlatko
Vusir (Wazir)āliavar, khagan of the Chazars,
and Justinian II, 189
Vyatiches, tributary to Russians, 207 sqq.
Vitalis Orseolo, bishop of Toroello, 407
Viterbo, treaty of, 444, 610; Palaeologus
legend at, 503
Vitichev, Russian fortress, 206
Vitoš, Mt, monastery at, 584
Vizier, see Wazir
Vizye, taken by John III, 430; sacked by
Ottomans, 695
Vlachia (Thessaly), 448, 543
Vlachs, see Wallachs
Vlad I, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Vlad II, “the Devil,” Prince of Wallachia,
and Ottomans, 571; and Hunyadi, 572;
593
Vlad III, “the Impaler,” Prince of Wal.
lachia, 588; 593
Vlad IV, “the Monk,” Prince of Wallachia,
593
Vladika, prince-bishop of Montenegro, office
of, 587
Vladimir the Great, Prince of Kiev, 208
sqq. ; baptism and marriage of, 68, 89 sq. ,
264; 149; importance in Russian history,
210; ambassadors of, at St Sophia, 752
Vladimir, son of Boris of Bulgaria, 235, 237
Vladimir Monomachus, Prince of Kiev, 356,
368
Vladimir, town in Russia, conquered by Mon-
gols, 637
Vladimirko, Prince of Halicz, and the prince-
dom of Kiev, 368
Vladislav I (Wladisław), King of Poland and
Hungary, and Hunyadi, 571, 624; killed
at Varna, 572, 690 sq. ; Bosnia and, 574
Vladislav, King of Serbia, dispossesses his
brother, 522; 524; 590
Vladislav, King of Serbia, son of Stephen
Dragutin, imprisoned by his uncle, 534;
535; deposed, 536; 590
Vladislav Ī, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Vladislav II, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Vladislav, son of Stephen Vukčić, 580 sqq. ,
591
Vlastele, Vasteličići, Serbian nobles, 547
Vlastimir, Serbian prince, and the Bul.
garians, 235
Vlatko, son of Stephen Vukčić, 581; becomes
“Duke of St Sava,” 582; 591
Vlatko Hranić, Bosnian leader, at Kossovo,
558
Vodená, capital of Samuel of Bulgaria, 240;
waterfall of, 241; 243; captured by Nor-
mans, 329; Theodore Angelus rules at,
493; 494
Voijibna, “Caesar" of Serbia, and Matthew
Cantacuzene, 553
Vojeslav Vojnov, count of Hum, 591
Vojtěch, St (Adalbert), bishop of Prague,
converts Magyars, 213 sq.
Voleros, on the Maritza, 241
Volga, river (Turkish Itil, Atel), 184, 188,
191 sq. , 197 sq. , 202, 631, 636, 651
Volga Bulgars, 184 ; Volga-Bulgarian king-
dom, 192 sqq. , 202; see Bulgars (White)
Volkhov, river, 202 sq.
Volo, gulf of, 445
Waitzen, see Vácz
Walandar (probably Develtus), 212
Walid II, Umayyad Caliph, murder of, 121
Walid ibn Hishām, 121
Walinana, East Slay tribe, 200
Wallachia (Bulgaria beyond the Danube),
included in kingdom of Krum, 232, 234;
under Kalojan, 424; 518; foundation of
principality, 540; tributary to Turks, 560;
561; 567; 575; 669; rises against Turks,
688; 694; primate of, 520; Church in,
568; Table of rulers, 593
Wallachs (Vlachs), 240; at battle of the
Maritza, 555, 670; 685; at Kossovo, 692
sq. ; of Macedonia, 674; Wallach wife of
Stephen Uroš V, 549; of John Alexander,
548
"Walnut Mountain,” battle of, see Karydi
Walpert, Patriarch of Aquileia, 401
Walter of Brienne, becomes Duke of Athens,
449; defeat by the Catalans and death of,
450, 475
Walter of Brienne, the Younger, tries to re-
gain duchy of Athens, 453; subsequent
career, 454
Walter the Penniless, defeated by Seljūgs,
315
Wang Khan, defeated by Jenghiz Khan,
632; identified with “ Prester John,” 650
Wāqidi, Arab biographer and historian, 293
Wāsit, sacked by marauders, 276
Wathiq, Abbasid Caliph, 131
Wazir (Vizier), office of, under the Abbasids,
282 sqq. ; under Seljūgs, 313 sg.
## p. 992 (#1034) ###########################################
992
Index
Wittelsbach, Bavarian dynasty, 212
Wuchang, Chinese city, besieged by Mongols,
646
Welf I, duke of Bavaria, defeated by Seljūgs,
341
Welf, count (duke of Tuscany), and Con-
rad III, 368
Werner, bishop of Strasbourg, 97
West, the relations of Byzantium with: Leo
III and, 9 sq. ; Constantine V and, 17 sq. ;
Irene and, 20, 22, 24; recognition of the
Western Empire by Nicephorus I, 36,
394 sq. ; Theophilus and, 38; Basil I and
Louis II, 139; missions and embassies of
Constantine VII, 66, 260; Nicephorus II
and Otto the Great, 76 sq. , 260; embassy
of Gero, 80; Basil II and Crescentius, 91,
94; Constantine VIII and Conrad II, 97;
Otto II and Greek Italy, 149; Alexius I
and Henry IV, 329; John II and Lothar,
358; and Conrad III, 360; Manuel I and
Conrad III, 365 sqq. ; and Frederick I,
369 sqq. , 379; Henry VI and Byzantine
Empire, 416 sq. ; John III and Frederick II,
495, 608; Theodore's eulogy on Frederick
II, 496, 501; the Empire and Venice, 394,
398 sqq. , 402, 405 sq. , 408, 412; and
Papacy, see Chaps. IX, XIX; see also
Crusades, Papacy
Westberg, on Chazar bodyguard, 190; on
Dnieper river, 198
White Bulgars, see Bulgars
White Town (Sarkel), see Sarkel
Wiching, bishop of Nyitra, opposition to
St Methodius, 228 sq.
William I of Champlitte, Prince of Achaia,
founds principality, 422, 433 sq. ; death,
437; 474
William of Villehardouin, Prince of Achaia,
and Michael II of Epirus, 430; wars of,
440, 442; taken prisoner by Michael VIII,
442 sq. ,508; death, 444; and Rhodes, 494;
474
William, Duke of Athens, 446; 475
William I, King of Sicily, and Manuel I, 369
sq. , 596, 601; treaty with Venice, 412
William II, King of Sicily, and Manuel I,
370; 371 sq. ; 374; invades Byzantium,
383 sq. , 596, 603
William IX, duke of Aquitaine, 341
William of Grantmesnil, leader in First
Crusade, 339
William, marquess of Montferrat, supported
by Manuel I, 379
William, count of Nevers, crusade of, 341
William of Pavia, papal legate in France,
and Manuel I, 601
William of Volpiano, St, abbot of St Benig.
nus at Dijon, and Pope John XIX, 262
William of Rubruck, see Rubruquis
William of Tyre, chronicler, on numbers of
Turks, 655
William-Jordan, count of Cerdagne, and
Alexius I, 342
Winkler, on Magyar language, 195
Wintker, see Gunter
Witigis, King of the Goths, and Venetia,
385
Xerigordon, Crusaders defeated at, 337
Xerus, prefect of Constantinople, plots
against Alexius I, 342
Xiphias, Nicephorus, general of Basil II,
rebels, 95; victorious over Bulgarians,
241
Xiphilin, John, nomophylax, 110; teaches
law under Constantine IX, 114, 714; 719;
721 sq.
Xylocastron, turret on Byzantine ship of the
line, 743
Yadrintsev, N. , expedition of, to Central
Asia, 640
Yahyd, the Barmecide, Saracen general,
defeats Byzantines, 124; minister of
Hārūn, 283
Yahya, Saracen general, takes Tyana, 128
Yahya ibn 'Ali-at-Tabrizi, Arab lecturer, 306
Yaik (Ural), river, 197 sq. , 631, 651
Yaman, the, 312
Yamboli, in Bulgaria, 231
Yaminu-Amiri'l-Mu'minin, title bestowed on
ľughril Beg, 305
Yangtse Kiang, Chinese river, 645
Ya'qub, brother of Bāyazid, put to death by
him, 558, 673
Ya'qub, general of Bāyazīd, in the Morea,
675
Ya'qūb Arslān, brother of Mahomet, Dānish-
mandite ruler, 365, 375; 377
Ya'qūbi, Arab historian, 293
Yaqūt, Arab geographer, 194, 295
Yarmouth, herring trade of, 639
Yaropolk, son of Svyatoslav of Russia, 208
Yaroslav, prince of Russia, 111
Yaroslav, prince of Halicz, 381
Yazid II, Umayyad Caliph, 119 sq.
Yellow River, in China, 633
Yenisey, river, see Kien
Yeni-Shehr, taken by Ertughril, 655;
Osmān's capital transferred to, 659
Yenkin, ancient capital of North China, 632,
647
Yeshil-jāmi' (Green Mosque), at Brūsa, 688
Yesukai, Mongol chieftain, father of Jenghiz
Khan, 632
Yezdegerd II, Sasanid King of Persia, per-
secutes Armenians, 155
Yilderim (Thunderbolt), epithet applied to
Bāyazid I, 562, 674
Yolande (Jolanda), Latin Empress, wife of
Peter de Courtenay, Latin Emperor, re-
gency of, 427; 486
Yuan-Yuan (Yü-Küe-lü), Asiatic nomads,
185; overthrown by Turks, 186
Yugers, Ugrian tribe, 194
Yulun (Ogelen Eke), mother of Jenghiz
Khan, 632
Yunnan, Chinese province, 644
Yūnus, son of Seljūg, 303
## p. 993 (#1035) ###########################################
Index
993
Yūsuf, emir of Armenia, killed by Byzan.
tines, 131
Yūsuf, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, 182
Yusuf, ostikan of Azarbā'ījān, captures
Smbat I of Armenia, 160 sq.
Yusuf Barzami, murders Alp Arslan, 307
Zabel, daughter and heiress of Leo the Great
of Armeno-Cilicia, 174
Zabel, sister of Hethum II of Armeno-Cilicia,
178, 180 sq.
Žabljak, capital of Montenegro, 586; Turks
at, 587
Zaccaria, Genoese family of, in Chios, 455;
see Centurione, Maria
Zacharias, Pope, 17
Zacharias, bishop of Anagni, legate of Pope
Nicholas I, 248
Zagan, Turkish governor in the Morea, 465
Zāhir, Fățimite Caliph, agreement with
Constantine VIII, 97
Za'im, Ottoman military tenant, 664
Zain-ud-Din Ismāʻīl, Persian medical writer,
298
Zakariyā of Qazwin, Arab encyclopaedist
and geographer, 295
Zakonnik, Serbian code of law, 547
Zala, Pannonian river, 211
Zamakhsharī, famous commentator on the
Koran, 291
Zangi, 'Imād-ad-Din, prince of Mosul,
founder of Zangid dynasty, 299, 316 sq. ;
defeats King of Jerusalem, 359
Zangids, Atābeg dynasty, 315 sq.
Zante, ruled by Orsini, 432; under suze-
rainty of Naples, 446; Venetian, 466 sq. ,
473, 476
Zanzibar, 295
Zapetra (Sozopetra), in Saracen wars, 38,
121, 125, 128 sqq. ; captured by Basil I,
139
Zara, submits to Venetians, 406; Venetian
"counts” in, 412; Fourth Crusade cap-
tures, 416 sqq. , 604; 559; Ladislas of
Naples crowned at, 565
Zara Vecchia, captured by Venetians, 411
Zaützes, Stylianus, guardian and father-in-
law of Leo VI, 54, 56, 58, 256
“ Zealots” of Salonica, fourteenth century
communists, 760
Zeithun, see Ulnia
Zemarchus, Byzantine ambassador to the
Turks of Central Asia, 187
Zeta, the (Montenegro), original Serbian
Kingdom (Dioclea), 517; left to Vukan,
518 sq. ; 534; 542; Balsa family in, 553,
559, 564, 586; see of, 587: Table of rulers,
592; see also Dioclea
Zeus, Olympian, temple of the, at Athens,
459
Žiča, coronation church of Serbian kings,
521
Zichna, frontier town of John III, 492
Zigabenus, Euthymius, compiler of Alexius
I's theological treatise, 350; 766
Ziji-Malikshāhi, astronomical tables drawn
up by Omar Khayyam, 308
Ziyādatallāh, Agblabid emir of Africa, in
Sicily, 37, 134; death, 136
Zlatica, near Philippopolis, 571
Zobor, Benedictine monastery, in Hungary,
founded, 214
Zoë, Empress, daughter of Constantine VIII,
84,94,96 sq. ; marriage and accession of,98;
99 sq.
; marriage to Michael IV, 101 sqq. ;
adopts Michael V, 104; 105; exiled, 106,
319; joint reign with T8, 107;
marriage to Constantine IX, 108 sq. ; death,
115; 265: 757; Novels of, 715
Zoë, Empress, daughter of Zaützes, mistress
of Leo VI, 56; marriage and death of, 57;
59; 256
Zoë Carbonupsina, Empress, wife of Leo VI,
57, 60, 256; supports Phocas, 61; 142
Zoë, daughter of Constantine VII, 68
Zonaras, John, Grand Drungarius of the
Watch, historian and legal writer, 363,
724; on Basil II, 87; 110; on coinage of
Alexius I, 348; 765
Zoroastrianism, 155; and Islām, 287
Zorzi, Venetian family, become marquesses
of Boudonitza, 458
Zubair, Saracen leader in Sicily, 135
Župan, župy, 517; see Ispanok; of Rascia, see
Bolkan, Pervoslav, Stephen, Uroš
Zvečan, castle of, 539
CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY W. LEWIS AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
## p. (#1036) ###############################################
## p. (#1037) ###############################################
THE
CAMBRIDGE MEDIEVAL
HISTORY
MAPS VOLUME IV
38 THE BREAK-UP of the CALIPHATE
39 ASIA MINOR, shewing the Themes of the tenth
century, and ARMENIA
40 NORTHERN NEIGHBOURS of the EMPIRE in the
tenth century
41 BULGARIA and the BALKANS in the tenth century
42 THE EMPIRE of the COMNENI about 1130
43 THE LATIN STATES in the EAST in 1214
44 THE EMPIRES of the PALAEOLOGI and STEPHEN
DUŠAN
45 THE TURKISH SULTANATE in 1481
46 THE MONGOL EMPIRE about 1250
47 a THE CITY of CONSTANTINOPLE
47 b THE ENVIRONS of CONSTANTINOPLE
## p. (#1038) ###############################################
## p. (#1039) ###############################################
Map 38
30
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## p. (#1040) ###############################################
## p. (#1041) ###############################################
Map 39
Asia Minor
showing themes of
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## p. (#1042) ###############################################
26
28
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## p. (#1043) ###############################################
Map 39
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## p. (#1044) ###############################################
## p. (#1045) ###############################################
Map 40
5
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55
NORTHERN NEIGHBOURS
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IN THE 10TH CENTURY. ,
Natural Scale 1:22,500,000
55
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## p. (#1047) ###############################################
Map 41
16
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Cambridge Unversity Press
W. &AK. Joinston L! !
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## p. (#1049) ###############################################
Map 42
The Empire of
the Comneni
## p. (#1050) ###############################################
18
20
22
24
26
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Natural Scale 1: 7,800,000
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50
100
200 Milcs
32
Eastern Frontier of Alexius (0. 1118). .
Nomes of THEMES in Europe. .
THRACE
Nominal Limits of Empire of John Comnenus at furthost extent.
20
22
24
26
28 Longitude
East
Cambridge University Press
## p. (#1051) ###############################################
Map 42
32
34
36
38
40
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W8 A K Jabrsion 1
## p. (#1052) ###############################################
## p. (#1053) ###############################################
Map 43
Latin States
in the East
in 1214
## p. (#1054) ###############################################
20
22
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50
150 Miles
341
50
0
100
NOTE
Greek Possessions.
Venetian and Italian Nobles.
Lalin Empire and its fiefs. .
22
24 Longitude East
26
20
Cantridge University Press
## p. (#1055) ###############################################
Map 43
28
30
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## p. (#1056) ###############################################
## p. (#1057) ###############################################
Map 44
15
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Map 45
Turkish Sultanate
in 1481
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20
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Cainbridge University Press
## p. (#1061) ###############################################
Map 45
30
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40
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35
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## p. (#1063) ###############################################
Map 46
Mongol Empire
(about 1250)
## p. (#1064) ###############################################
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## p. (#1065) ###############################################
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100
200
300
400
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600
700 Miles
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## p. (#1067) ###############################################
## p. (#1068) ###############################################
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Regio
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O Palace of Justinian (Hormisdas)
Port of the Bucoleon
Regio VII
18+
Regio i
E of the Bous
Walls of Theodosius /I. Inner of Anthemius. (
Port of the Contoscale
EXOKI ONION
Meser
Wall of Constantine
F. Arcadii
Port of the Heptascali
Port of Theodosius Eleutherius)
P. S. Aeiniliani.
via Triumphalis
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p vetus
Prodromi
QUARTER
CALLED
SIGMA 12
CONSTANTINOPLE
The Seven Hills are indicated by targe figures
P-Porta
F-Forum
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0
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REFERENCE
2nd Military Gate
Cyrus. (3) Fass & Rampart1
P. Psamathiae
Os John(Studion)
.
. !
1.
00
11
Golden Gate
1. Church of S. Saviour of the Chora
the Holy Apostles
Christ Pantepoptes
Christ Pantocrator
S. Mary Theotokos
S. John in Trullo
S. John in Petra
S. Mary Panachrantos
9.
S. Theodosia
10.
S. Theodorc
11.
S. Mary Peribleptos
12.
S. Andrew
13.
S. Anna
14
S. Irene
15.
S. Euphemia
16.
S. George in Mangana
17.
S. Mary Pammakaristos
18. Church of SS. Sergius & Bacchus
19.
S. Demetrius
20.
986
Index
Theodosius I, Emperor, 154; column of, at
Constantinople, 748
Theodosius II, Emperor, enlarges Constan.
tinople, 747, 749; founds university of
Constantinople, 764
Theodosius III, Emperor, 3
Theodosius, St, of Trnovo, adviser of John
Alexander of Bulgaria, 550
Theodosius, father of Constantine IX, 108
Theodosius, cousin of Constantine IX, re-
volts against Michael VI, 117
Theodosius, bishop of Ephesus, 8
Theodosius, the patrician, sent by Theo.
philus to the doge, 397
Theodote, second wife of Constantine VI,
23 sq. , 28
Theodotus Cassiteras, made Patriarch of
Constantinople by Leo V, 31; dies, 33
Theodotus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
380; and Andronicus I, 381 sq.
Theodotus, the patrician, commander in
Sicily, defeated and killed by Saracens,
135
Theognostus, the archimandrite, partisan of
Ignatius, 249
Theophanes, Byzantine historian, 2, 11, 13,
16, 19, 24 sqq. , 29; continuation of, by
Constantine VII, 67; 120 note; 765
Theophanes, Palestinian monk, champion
of icons, 34
Theophanes, the patrician, envoy of Romanus
I to the Magyars, 212
Theophanes the Sicilian, author of Life of
St Joseph, 255
Theophano (St Theophano), Empress, wife
of Leo VI, 55; death, 56; 59, 256
Theophano, Empress, wife of Romanus II,
character, 65, 67; governs, 68; 69; re-
gency of, 70; and Nicephorus Phocas, 71
sqq. , 145; 77 sq. ; banished, 79; 81; 84;
757
Theophano, daughter of Romanus II, 68;
147; marries Otto II, 77; 81; 94
Theophano, daughter of Constantine VII,
68
Theophilus, Emperor, accession and icono-
clastic zeal of, 34; Saracen war, 38, 128
sqq. ; and Louis the Pious, 38, 203; in-
ternal administration, 39; buildings and
love of the arts, 39 sq. , 754; 41 sqq. ; 136;
152; 189; 192; and Venice, 396 sq. ;
Novels of, 710
Theophilus, Byzantine admiral, captured
by Saracens, 125
Theophilus, professor of law, under Justin-
ian, 707, 714, 721
Theophobus, the Persian, leads Saracen
rebels to Theophilus, 38, 128; executed,
Theophylact, son of Romanus I, made Pa-
triarch of Constantinople, 63, 259; 64;
character and death of, 65, 260
Theophylact of Euboea, archbishop of Och.
rida, 243; book on the Errors of the
Latins, 333, 598
Theophylact, see Simocatta
Theophylact of Torcello, 397
Theophylact, Roman Senator, 256
Theophylitzes, patron of Basil the Mace.
donian, 50
Dewpntpov (bridal gift of husband to wife),
in Byzantine law, 716
Theorianus, and the Armenian Church, 363
Theotmar, archbishop of Salzburg, 227
Theotokos, title of the Virgin Mary, 2; 13
sq. ; church of at Constantinople, see under
Constantinople; at Jerusalem (Vefa jami'),
768
Thera, eruption at, 9
Therapia, destroyed by Turks, 698
Therasia, eruption at, 9
Thermodon, river, 487
Thermopylae, pass of, 242, 433
Theseus, “Duke of Athens,” 442
Thessalonica, see Salonica
Thessaly, 141, 217, 240; Normans in, 329;
Latin lordships in, 422; 424, 426, 428,
432, 436, 439; given to Philip of Taranto,
448; 449 sq. ; Turks conquer, 458, 463;
491; annexed by Stephen Dušan, 543, 545;
ruled by Simeon Uroš, 552 sq. ; 687; MSS.
in, 499; sees in, 95, 243
Thierri de Loos, seneschal of Latin Empire,
in Asia Minor, 482 sq.
Thietmar, German chronicler, on the By-
zantine Xelávdia, 398 note
Thionville (Theodonis Villa), 394 sq. , 398
Thomas Angelus, last despot of Epirus,
murdered by Orsini, 453, 475
Thomas Ostojić, Stephen, King of Bosnia,
574; and Bogomiles, 575; death, 578; 591
Thomas Palaeologus, despot of the Morea,
460 sq. ; and Turks, 463 sg. ; daughter of,
578
Thomas Preljubović, ruler of Epirus, 552;
assassinated, 553; 457; 475
Thomas the Slavonian, rebels against Mi.
chael II, 33 sqq. , 235; and Saracens, 127
Thomas de Stromoncourt, founds barony of
Sálona, 433
Thomas Aquinas, St, and Byzantine
Church, 595
Thomas Morosini, Latin Patriarch of Con.
stantinople, 421, 426, 606
Thomas, bishop of Claudiopolis, 8
Thomas of Medzoph, Armenian churchman,
182
Thopia, clan of Albania, 584; see Carlo
Thoros I, ruler of Armeno-Cilicia, prosper.
ous reign, 169; 357 sq.
Thoros II, ruler of Armeno-Cilicia, 169; re-
conquers his kingdom from Manuel 1,
170 sq. ; 359, 373 sqq. , 381
Thoros III, King of Armeno-Cilicia, put to
death, 177
Thrace, 13 sq. , 35, 37, 119; Magyars in-
vade, 212, 230, 234, 240, 323; anti-Latin
rising in, 424, 481; 427, 432, 483, 486,
489 sq. , 511, 520, 523 sqq. ; Tartars in,
527, 663; 546; Ottoman Turks in, 555,
40
## p. 987 (#1029) ###########################################
Index
987
617, 658 sq. , 662, 665, 668 sqq. , 672,
675, 685, 695; 689; Asiatic colonists in,
231; Thracian origin of Emperor John
III, 487; theme of, 733; Thracians in
Byzantine Empire, 773
Thracesian theme, 5, 339, 732 sq. ; strate-
gus of, see Contomytes, Lachanodraco
Thucydides, 763
Thughūr-al-Jazira, Saracen province, 132
Thughūr-ash-Shām, Saracen province, 132
Thumāma, Saracen general, 123; defeated,
124
Thuringia, landgrave of, and Mongols, 639
Tibb-i-Yunánt, and Greek medicine, 298
Tiberias, surrendered to John I, 148
Tiberius II, Emperor, 187; Novels of, 708,
714
Tiberius III Apsimar, Emperor, exiles Jus.
tinian II, 189
Tiberius, pretended son of Justinian II, 121
Tibet, raided by Mongols, 649
Tiflis, in Iberia, taken by Mongols, 636, 679
Tigris, river, 276, 306, 636
Tikhomir, Bulgarian leader, 244
Timariots, Ottoman military tenants, 664
Timur (Timūrleng, Tamerlane, Tambur-
lane, Timurlane), Mongol leader, birth and
career, 650 sqq. ; and Bāyazid I, 679 sqq. ;
at battle of Angora, 562, 619; besieges
Smyrna, 683; death, 651, 684; 181 sq. ;
193; 644; 674; 685 sq. ; 688 sqq. ; 695
Tīmūrid dynasties, displaced by Uzbegs, 651
Tinnis, 119
Tipucitus, 722; 713
Tiridates (Trdat), Armenian architect, re-
stores St Sophia, 96; architect of the
cathedral at Ani, 163
Tirmidh, fortress of, 312 sq.
Tirmidhi, compiler of Arab traditions, 291
Titles, of the Emperor, 726; of the hierarchy,
Topoteresiae (lieutenancies), subdivisions of
theme, 734
Tõp Qāpu, gate at Constantinople, see St
Romanus
Torcello, settlement of, 386; bishopric of,
387; trade of, 391; bishop of, see Domi.
nicus, Orso, Vitalis, see also Theophylact
Torgods, Mongol tribe, 650
Torki, see Ghuzz
Tornesi, coins of Tours, 439
Tornicius (Tornig), general of Basil II, builds
the convent of Iviron, 90
Tornicius, Leo, revolts against Constantine
IX, 110 sq. , 266
Tortosa, see Taratūs
Toucy, see Ancelin de
Toul, diocese of, 265
Toulouse, see Raymond
Tours, battle of, 637; coins of, 439
Trade and commerce, of Constantinople,
761 sq. ; of provincial towns, 770; trade
between Saracens and Byzantines, 152;
commercial treaty with Russians, 205;
trade with Bulgaria, 237; Alexius I and
Pisans, 344; and Venetians, 354: Manuel I
and Pisans, 371; clauses of treaty of
Nymphaeum, 511; trade between Nicaea
and Seljūgs, 498; of Armenia, 162, 173;
of Chazars, 191; of White Bulgars, 193;
slave trade of Magyars, 197; trade of
Patzinaks, 199; Russian commerce,
201
sqq. , 206, 209; Saracen commerce under
Abbasids, 286, 289; under Fatimids, 302;
Venetian trade and commerce, Chap. Xm
passim, 416; in Euboea, 435; in Cyprus,
469, 471; commercial prosperity of Lesbos,
465; trade of Bosnia, 517; of Ragusa and
Bulgaria, 523; of Serbia, 535, 541, 549;
Byzantine mercantile marine, 5, 762
Tradonicus, Peter, doge of Venice, 397 sq. ;
murdered, 398
Trajan's, column, 748; bridge, 688
Trajanopolis, Turks defeated at, 662
Tralles, see Aidin; Anthemius of
Trani, defeat of Normans off, 412; 513 note;
bishop of, see John
Transcaucasia, 154; tribes of, 207; see also
Abasgia, Albania, Iberia
Translatio S. Clementis, Latin account of
St Cyril, 216, 218 sqq.
Transoxiana (Mā-wara-an-Nahr), conquered
by Seljūgs, 277; by Mongols, 279; Seljūq
emigrates to, 300, 303; 311; invaded by
the Khatá, 312; 317; 633; 650 sq. ; see
also Turkestan
Transylvania (Black Hungary), in the ninth
century, 211; 214 sq. ; 540; 571; Murād
II in, 690
Trapezitae, Byzantine light cavalry, 740
Traù, submits to Venetians, 406; 411
Traulus, mutinies against Alexius I, 330
Travnik, Turkish residence in Bosnia, 582
Trdat, see Tiridates
Trebizond, 56, 88, 96; duke of, 344, 381;
Empire of, founded by Comneni, 423 sq. ,
730 sq.
Tito Venier, marquess of Cerigo, rebels
against Venice, 457
Tivertsy, Slav tribe, and Magyars, 198
Tivoli, 241, 601
Tmutorakan, see Phangoria
Tmutorakanian Russia, 208
Tocco family, dominions annexed by Turks,
463, 466; at Naples, 455, 466; and archae-
ology, 474; see Antonio, Carlo, Leonardo
Toitzakia, Chazar garment introduced at
Constantinople by Irene, 189
Tokat, modern name of Dazimon, 38
Toktu, Khan of Bulgaria, slain by Byzan.
tines, 232
Tolen, Prince of Hum, 591
Tolonor, conference of, between Mongols
and Chinese, 649
Tomor, Mt, in Albania, 242
Tópos tñs vcrews (Tomus Unionis), decree
of Nicholas Mysticus, 62, 257
Tongking, see Annam
T'o-pa, empire of, in East Asia, 185 sq.
Tophana, 700
Toplica, river, Turkish defeat on the, 557
## p. 988 (#1030) ###########################################
988
Index
479 9 sq. ; 465; and Empire of Nicaea, 482,
486 sq. ; and Nicene Patriarch, 486, 498;
besieged by Seljūgs, 514 sq. ; Turks and,
656, 665, 674; 690; Table of rulers, 516;
trade of, 762, 770; country of Bessarion,
620; Armenian MS. Gospels of, 162; see
also Chaldia
Trèves, archbishop of, and Photius, 249
Trevisan, Gabriel, Venetian commander, at
siege of Constantinople, 695, 697 sq. , 700
Treviso, 393; bishop of, 404 sq. ; Trevisan
march, 398, 402
Tribunes at Venice, 386, 389, 392, 397;
tribunitian families, 387 sq.
Tribuni Maritimorum of Venetia, 385
Tribunus, Peter, doge of Venice, 400
Tribunus Menius (Memmo), doge of Venice,
403; deposed, 404
Triclinius, Byzantine professor, 764
Tricocca, near Nicaea, taken by Osmān, 657
Triconchus, see under Constantinople
Trikala, captured by Normans, 329; 552 sq.
Triphyllius, Constantine, negotiates with
Saracens, 133
Tripolis, emir of, treaty with Romanus III,
100; 146; 148 sq. ; 173; besieged by Cru.
saders, 341; princes of, see Bertrand,
Pons, Raymond; see also Leo of
Trit, see Renier of
Trnovo, capital of Bulgarian Tsars, 234, 238,
428, 489, 518 sq. , 522; Kalojan crowned
at, 520; 521; splendour of, 525; 527 sq. ;
besieged by Byzantines, 529; 531; 544;
557; taken by Turks, 560; 577; Patri-
arch of, 542; church of the Forty Martyrs
at, 560
Troad, the, held by Latins, 485; ceded to
John III, 487; Armenian colony in, 479,
481
Troy, 525; Latin bishopric of, 485; Trojan
War, 506; frescoes of, at Patras, 446; 705
Trstivnica, river, 581
Truvor, Swedish chieftain in Russia, 200
Tryphon, Patriarch of Constantinople, 63,
260
Tryphon, St, patron saint of Nicaea, 506;
figure of, on coins, 514
Tsar (Caesar), of Bulgaria, title assumed by
Simeon, 238; Table of Tsars, 590
Tsar (Caesar), of Serbia, title assumed by
Stephen Dušan, 542; Table of Tsars, 590
Tsarigrad, Russian name for Constantinople,
746
Tudela, see Benjamin of
Tuduns, lieutenants of the Chazar khagan,
189
Tugbril Arslān, emir of Melitene, 353
Tugbril Beg, Great Seljūq Sultan, reign
and conquests of, 304 sq. ; and Armenia,
164, 166; enters Baghdad, 277, 304;
death, 305
Tughril II, last Seljúg ruler in 'Irāg, 315
Tugbril Shāh, Seljūg ruler in Kirmān, 314
Tughtigin, founder of the Būrid dynasty of
Syria, 314 sq.
T'u-Küe, Turkish hordes of Central Asia,
185
Tulē, youngest son of Jenghiz Khan, 633,
635 sq. , 641
Tālūnid dynasty in Egypt, founded, 139;
300
T'u-mên, leader of Turkish tribes, 185 sqq.
Tunis, Aghlabids in, 300; Crusade against,
610
Tunja valley, near Hadrianople, 318
Tuqtāmish, Mongol Khan of the Golden
Horde, sacks Moscow, 652
Tura-Khān, Ottoman captain, in the Morea,
460; 463
Turakina, widow of Ogdai Khan, 640
Tūrān, Seljūg prince of Kirman, 314
Turbessel, John II before, 361
Turcopuli, Turks employed by Byzantines,
658
Turco-Tartar races, 194 sq.
Turcus, Bardanes, rebels against Nicephorus
I, 34
Turkān Khātun, wife of Malik Shāh, 307;
intrigues and death, 308 sq. ; 310
Turkestan, 185, 188, 303; Alp Arslan's cam.
paigns in, 307; conquered by Mongols,
633; Manichaeans in, 288; king of, 300;
see also Transoxiana
Turkomans, invade Cilicia, 169; 171; 180;
307; see also Ghuzz
Turks, Chaps. vo (A), X (B), XVIII, XXI pas-
sim; of Central Asia, 185 sqq. ; and Cha-
zars, 188; Turkish elements in Bulgar
race, 184; in Magyars, 194, 196; Turkish
soldiers of the Caliphs, 129, 131, 139, 276
sq. , 285 sq. ; Turkish princes in Cilicia,
470; Turkish tribes in Anatolia, 653 sqq. ;
among Mongols, 631; Turkish mercen.
aries in Greece, 443 sq. ; 450; in Serbia,
553; in Byzantine army, 347, 738; as
subjects of the Empire, 735 sqq. ; modern
Turks compared with Byzantines, 774;
Turkish language, 195, 295; see also
Mongols, Ottomans, Seljūgs
Turmae, subdivisions of army and theme,
734, 739
Turmarchs, 734
Turnu-Severin, Roumanian town, 567
Turov, 210
Turtukai, on the Danube, 235
Turuberan, in higher Armenia, 158; ravaged
by Tīmūr, 181
Turxanth, Turkish khagan, receives By-
zantine embassy, 188
ſūs, governor of, and Seljūgs, 304
Tuscany, marquess of, see Hubert
Tusla, fortress of, captured by John III,
490
Tutsa, Bulgarian river, 235
Tutush, Seljūg ruler in Syria, son of Alp
Arslān, 309 sq. , 314 sq. ; captures Jeru-
salem, 316; 317
i
Tvrtko I, King of Bosnia, succeeds as ban
of Bosnia, 545; victories of, 555 sq. ;
crowned king, 556; joins anti-Turkish
## p. 989 (#1031) ###########################################
Index
989
Uqailids, dynasty of Mosul, 317
Ural-Altaic peoples, 192, 194
Ural, river, see Yaik
Uranus, Nicephorus, ambassador to Bagh-
dad, 86; victorious over Bulgarians, 241
Urban II, Pope, and Alexius I, 333, 596,
598 sq.
league, 557 sq. ; death of, 559; 565; 575;
591
Tvrtko II, Tvrtković, King of Bosnia, 565
sqq. , 573 sq. , 591
Tyana, 121; mosque built at, 126; 127 sqq.
Tymphrestos, Greek mountain, 444
Typikon, monastic rule, of St Athanasius, 80
Tyras, Greek colony on Black Sea, 183
Tyre, 376; captured by Venetians, 411; see
Amaury, William
Tyropaeum, castle of, 88
Tyrrhenian Sea, 742
Tzachas, emir of Smyrna, designs on Con-
stantinople, 331
Tzetzes, Byzantine writer, 763; Chiliads of,
368
Tzimisces, family, 69, 93; see John I, Em-
peror
Tzurulum, see Chorlu
Tzympe, first Turkish settlement in Europe,
544; 667
Urban IV, Pope, and Michael VIII, 609
Urban V, Pope, and Petrarch, 616; and
John V, 617 sq. , 670
Urban, Hungarian engineer, casts monster-
gun for siege of Constantinople, 696,
698
Urdu language, 295
Uriang Kadai, Mongol general, in China,
644
Uroš, Župan of Rascia, and his family, 356;
see also Pervoslav, Stephen
Ursus (Orso), third doge of Venice, 388;
independent election of, 390; 391
Ursus, son of John Particiacus, bishop of
Olivolo, 397
Urtuq ibn Aksab, founder of the Urtuqid
dynasty, 316 sq.
Urtuqid dynasty of Aleppo, 314 sq. , 317
Uskūb, see Skoplje
Usora, Bosnian district, annexed by Serbia,
573
Uspenski, on foundation of Sarkel, 192
Ussakhal, Mongol ruler, defeated by Chinese,
649
Uthmān, see Osman
Utigurs, Utrigurs, Bulgar tribe, 185, 200;
prince of, see A-na-kuei, Organas
Uzbeg Mongols, 651 sq.
Uzes, Byzantine name for Ghuzz, q. v.
'Ubaid-Allāh (Mahdi), first Fāțimid Caliph,
conquers North Africa, 302
"Ubaid. Allāh, governor of Antioch, 89
Ubaldo, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, sent to
Constantinople, 602
Udine, proposed council at, 621
Ugain, nobility of old Bulgaria, 231; clan
of, 231
Uglješa, see John
Ugrian tribes, 194; Ugro-Finnish Society,
and site of Karakorum, 640
Ugrin, Duke of Mačva and Bosnia, 591
Uighurs, Mongol tribe, 631; ruled by Jagatai,
635; script of, among Mongols, 634, 646
“Ujaif, Saracen general, 128 sq.
Uj Palanka, see Haram
Ukil, Bulgarian clan, 231
Ukrainians (Little Russians), 200
•Ulama, the, Murād I and, 668
Uldza, river, 630
Uljāitū, Mongol Īl-khān of Persia, becomes
Musulman, 178
Ulnia (Zeithun), in Armeno-Cilicia, 168
Ulubad, see Lopadium
Umago, and Venice, 412
Umar, claimant for the Bulgarian throne,
232
Ummán, 312
Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus, 139, 274 sq. ;
unorthodoxy of, 280 sqq. , 288; churches
built under, 289; 290 sq. ; 293; 300; and
the Shi'ites, 301; 641; naval power of,
741; emirs of Cordova, 38, 139, 274 sq. ;
see Caliphate, Caliphs
Uniates, in Armenia, 179, 182; Uniate Greeks
and Papacy, 594
University, of Constantinople, 44, 217, 248,
764; reopened by Constantine IX, 114;
at Latin Athens, 462; at Baghdad, 305;
at Kars, 162, 167; at Nishāpur, 306; of
Paris, Greek scholarships at, 616
Unrū Bulka, the Isfahsālār, rebels against
Barkiyāruq, 310
Vácz (Waitzen), bishopric of, founded, 214
Vahan Kamsarakan, Armenian leader
against the Persians, 157
Vaban Mamikonian, “the Wolf," Arme-
nian leader against Persians, 157
Vahka, Armeno-Cilician fortress, 168 sqq.
Vajk, former name of St Stephen of Hun-
gary, 9. v.
Vakhtang, Code of (Iberian), Byzantine in.
fluence on, 724
Valarsaces, Arsacid King of Armenia, 157
Valencia, tomb of the Empress Constance
at, 496
Valens, Emperor, 233; aqueduct of, 96
Valentinus, Byzantine ambassador to the
supreme khagan, 187 sq.
“Valerian, wall of," at Athens, 462
Valley of Flowers, at Ani, 163
Valois, see Catherine, Charles, Philip
Vámbéry, on Magyars, 194 sqq. ; on Patzinaks,
197
Van, kingdom of (Vaspurakan), in Armenia,
157, 161, 163; overrun by Seljūgs, 164;
166 sq. ; by Mongols, 181 sq. ; 318; fortress
of, 157, 167; lake of, 157
Vaband, in Armenia, 129; kingdom of,
founded by Mushel, 161; revolts against
Ashot I, 159, 162; given to Byzantines,
## p. 990 (#1032) ###########################################
990
Index
166; taken by Seljūgs, 167; King of, see
Gagik
Vandals, in Justinian's army, 738
Varangians, and Basil II, 88, 90, 209; de-
tachment in Sicily, 150; in Russia, 202
sqq. ; Byzantine bodyguard, 209, 327, 738,
750; in navy, 742; church of, at Constan-
tinople, 264; theory of foundation of
Russian Empire, 199 sq. ; see also Russians,
Scandinavians, Swedes
Varaztirots Bagratuni, Armenian curopa-
lates, 157
Vardan, Armenian rebel against Saracens,
126
Vardan Mamikonian, Armenian leader,
killed in the battle of Avaraïr, 155, 157
Vardar, river, 241, 508, 519, 533, 553, 737,
770
Varna, in Bulgaria, 230, 519, 549, 584;
Ottoman victory at, 462, 572 sq. , 624, 691
sq. , 696
564,566, 575; Table of colonies, 486; colo-
nies left after Ottoman conquest, 465; lost,
472; Serbia and, 535, 541 sq. , 546; su-
zerainty over Montenegro, 586 sq. ; Bosnia
and, 544, 556, 559, 574 sq. , 579; and
Balkans, Chap. XVII passim; and Theo-
dore I, 487; and Michael VIII, 609, 613;
617; 623; and Andronicus II, 657; aid
Boucicaut, 677; help to defend Constan-
tinople, 695; Byzantine navy and, 742; in
Constantinople, 750, 762 ; Byzantine in-
fluence on Venetian art, 776
Venice, see Venetians, Chap. XIII; Maritime
Venetia made into a separate ducatus, 387,
389, 392; SS. Cyril and Methodius at, 224;
Otto II at, 406; John y at, 618, 670;
John VIII at, 621; Manuel II. at, 678;
447; Byzantine psalter at, 769; peace of,
370, 372, 414
Venier, Venetian family, lordship of, in
Aegean, 436; see Tito
Veregava, Bulgarians defeat Constantine V
at, 231
Veria (Berrhoea), in Macedonia, 241; cap-
tured by Normans, 329
Vermandois, see Hugh, Philip
Verona, and Venice, 412; treaty of, 404;
Veronese lords in Euboea, 435, 451
Versinicia, battle of, 29, 35, 37, 233
Vestiarii, office of the, 730
Vest Sarkis Siwni, regent of Armenia, be-
trays country to Constantine IX, 164
Veszprém, bishopric of, founded, 214
Vetalonia, 503
Vetrano, Leo, Genoese pirate, threatens
Corfù, 432; executed, 434
Via Egnatia, threatened by Normans, 408
Viaro, Venetian family, lordshipof, in Aegean,
436
Vicenza, and Venice, 398
Victor II, Pope, and the Schism, 270
Vidin, Bulgarian fortress, 240 sq. ; captured
by Hungarians, 527, 554; 557; captured
by Ottomans, 561, 572; bishopric of, 243;
see Anne, John Sracimir, Michael
Viepna, Byzantine MSS. at, 768
Vigla, see Arithmus
Villehardouin, Geoffrey de, the bistorian,
negotiates with Venetians, 415; impres-
sion of Constantinople, 418; on booty of,
420, 745; 422; 433
Villebardouins of Achaia, 431; see Geoffrey,
Isabelle, William
Vincent of Beauvais, 515 note
Visdomino, of Venice, established at Ferrara,
410
Vita Basilii (Basil I), 711
Vita Clementis, 229
Vita Cyrilli (Pannonian legend), credibility
of, 216; 217 sq.
Vita Ignatii, 253
Vita Methodii (Pannonian legend), credibility
of, 216; 217 sq.
Vitalian, 386
Vitalis Candianus, doge of Venice, 403
768 sq.
Varyag, see Varangian
Vasak Mamikonian, Armenian general, 157
Vaspurakan, see Van
Vassal, John and James, messengers from
Mongols to Edward I of England, 176
Vatatzes, Andronicus, defeated by Seljūgs,
378
Vatatzes, John Ducas; see John III, Em-
peror
Vatatzes, lieutenant of Tornicius, executed
by Constantine IX, 111
Vatican, librarian of, see Anastasius; Bul.
garian MS. at, 549; Byzantine MSS. at,
Vatopedi, convent of, founded by Basil II,
90
Veccus, see John Beccus
Vefa-jāmió, see Theotokos, church of the
Veglia, submits to Venetians, 406
Velbužd (Köstendil), 492; battle of, 538 sq. ;
Murād I at, 557
Velehrad, in Moravia, 229
Velestino, fief of, 433
Venetia, 385 sq. , see Venice
Venetians, Chap. XIII; and Leo III, 9, 388;
18; and Charlemagne, 36, 395 sq. ; and
Basil II, 94, 138; fleet in Sicily, 135; de-
feat at Taranto, 136; at Bari, 149; and
Armenia, 173, 181; and Alexius I, 329 sq. ,
341, 347; and John II, 354; 362; and
Manuel, 368, 370 sq. ; and Fourth Crusade,
414, 604, Chap. xiv passim; share in par-
tition of Empire, 421, 427, 432, 434, 606;
and Baldwin II, 429, 431; 433; and Geof.
frey of Achaia, 438; 440; possessions in
Greece, 453, 457 sqq. , 461, 464; wars with
Ottomans, 466 sq. , 687 sq. ; administra-
tion of foreign possessions, 434 sqq. ; in
Cyprus, 469 sqq. ; and Rhodes, 494; in
Chios and Icaria, 468, 477; rising in Crete
against, 616; rivalry with Genoese, 469,
666; lose Gallipoli, 489; lose Salonica,
461, 690; colonies in Asia Minor, 480;
in Albania, 583 sqq. , 592; in Dalmatia,
555;
## p. 991 (#1033) ###########################################
Index
991
Vólosti, Russian city-states, 202 sq.
Volpiano, see William of
Vonitza, castle of, held by Leonardo Tocco,
465; annexed by Ottomans, 466
Vostitza, Venetian colony, 476
Votyaks, Ugrian tribe, 194
Vračar, 522 note
Vranina, sacred island on Lake Scutari,
586
Vrbas, Bosnian river, 581
Vrbitsa pass, in Bulgaria, 231
Vrdnik, monastery of, 558
Vrhbosna, in Bosnia, Ottomans in, 566 sq. ,
574, 582
Vsevolod, Russian prince, marriage to By.
zantine princess, 111
Vuk Branković, alleged treachery of, at Kos-
sovo, 558; rules at Priština, 559; 590
Vuk Lazarević, Serbian prince, and his
brother, 563
Vukan, son of Stephen Nemanja, 518; calls
in Hungarians, 519; 521; 590
Vukašin, King of Serbia, guardian of Stephen
Uroš V, 553; becomes king, 554; death in
battle, 555, 670; 590
Vukčić, Bosnian family, see Catherine,
Hrvoje, Stephen, Vladislav, Vlatko
Vusir (Wazir)āliavar, khagan of the Chazars,
and Justinian II, 189
Vyatiches, tributary to Russians, 207 sqq.
Vitalis Orseolo, bishop of Toroello, 407
Viterbo, treaty of, 444, 610; Palaeologus
legend at, 503
Vitichev, Russian fortress, 206
Vitoš, Mt, monastery at, 584
Vizier, see Wazir
Vizye, taken by John III, 430; sacked by
Ottomans, 695
Vlachia (Thessaly), 448, 543
Vlachs, see Wallachs
Vlad I, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Vlad II, “the Devil,” Prince of Wallachia,
and Ottomans, 571; and Hunyadi, 572;
593
Vlad III, “the Impaler,” Prince of Wal.
lachia, 588; 593
Vlad IV, “the Monk,” Prince of Wallachia,
593
Vladika, prince-bishop of Montenegro, office
of, 587
Vladimir the Great, Prince of Kiev, 208
sqq. ; baptism and marriage of, 68, 89 sq. ,
264; 149; importance in Russian history,
210; ambassadors of, at St Sophia, 752
Vladimir, son of Boris of Bulgaria, 235, 237
Vladimir Monomachus, Prince of Kiev, 356,
368
Vladimir, town in Russia, conquered by Mon-
gols, 637
Vladimirko, Prince of Halicz, and the prince-
dom of Kiev, 368
Vladislav I (Wladisław), King of Poland and
Hungary, and Hunyadi, 571, 624; killed
at Varna, 572, 690 sq. ; Bosnia and, 574
Vladislav, King of Serbia, dispossesses his
brother, 522; 524; 590
Vladislav, King of Serbia, son of Stephen
Dragutin, imprisoned by his uncle, 534;
535; deposed, 536; 590
Vladislav Ī, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Vladislav II, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Vladislav, son of Stephen Vukčić, 580 sqq. ,
591
Vlastele, Vasteličići, Serbian nobles, 547
Vlastimir, Serbian prince, and the Bul.
garians, 235
Vlatko, son of Stephen Vukčić, 581; becomes
“Duke of St Sava,” 582; 591
Vlatko Hranić, Bosnian leader, at Kossovo,
558
Vodená, capital of Samuel of Bulgaria, 240;
waterfall of, 241; 243; captured by Nor-
mans, 329; Theodore Angelus rules at,
493; 494
Voijibna, “Caesar" of Serbia, and Matthew
Cantacuzene, 553
Vojeslav Vojnov, count of Hum, 591
Vojtěch, St (Adalbert), bishop of Prague,
converts Magyars, 213 sq.
Voleros, on the Maritza, 241
Volga, river (Turkish Itil, Atel), 184, 188,
191 sq. , 197 sq. , 202, 631, 636, 651
Volga Bulgars, 184 ; Volga-Bulgarian king-
dom, 192 sqq. , 202; see Bulgars (White)
Volkhov, river, 202 sq.
Volo, gulf of, 445
Waitzen, see Vácz
Walandar (probably Develtus), 212
Walid II, Umayyad Caliph, murder of, 121
Walid ibn Hishām, 121
Walinana, East Slay tribe, 200
Wallachia (Bulgaria beyond the Danube),
included in kingdom of Krum, 232, 234;
under Kalojan, 424; 518; foundation of
principality, 540; tributary to Turks, 560;
561; 567; 575; 669; rises against Turks,
688; 694; primate of, 520; Church in,
568; Table of rulers, 593
Wallachs (Vlachs), 240; at battle of the
Maritza, 555, 670; 685; at Kossovo, 692
sq. ; of Macedonia, 674; Wallach wife of
Stephen Uroš V, 549; of John Alexander,
548
"Walnut Mountain,” battle of, see Karydi
Walpert, Patriarch of Aquileia, 401
Walter of Brienne, becomes Duke of Athens,
449; defeat by the Catalans and death of,
450, 475
Walter of Brienne, the Younger, tries to re-
gain duchy of Athens, 453; subsequent
career, 454
Walter the Penniless, defeated by Seljūgs,
315
Wang Khan, defeated by Jenghiz Khan,
632; identified with “ Prester John,” 650
Wāqidi, Arab biographer and historian, 293
Wāsit, sacked by marauders, 276
Wathiq, Abbasid Caliph, 131
Wazir (Vizier), office of, under the Abbasids,
282 sqq. ; under Seljūgs, 313 sg.
## p. 992 (#1034) ###########################################
992
Index
Wittelsbach, Bavarian dynasty, 212
Wuchang, Chinese city, besieged by Mongols,
646
Welf I, duke of Bavaria, defeated by Seljūgs,
341
Welf, count (duke of Tuscany), and Con-
rad III, 368
Werner, bishop of Strasbourg, 97
West, the relations of Byzantium with: Leo
III and, 9 sq. ; Constantine V and, 17 sq. ;
Irene and, 20, 22, 24; recognition of the
Western Empire by Nicephorus I, 36,
394 sq. ; Theophilus and, 38; Basil I and
Louis II, 139; missions and embassies of
Constantine VII, 66, 260; Nicephorus II
and Otto the Great, 76 sq. , 260; embassy
of Gero, 80; Basil II and Crescentius, 91,
94; Constantine VIII and Conrad II, 97;
Otto II and Greek Italy, 149; Alexius I
and Henry IV, 329; John II and Lothar,
358; and Conrad III, 360; Manuel I and
Conrad III, 365 sqq. ; and Frederick I,
369 sqq. , 379; Henry VI and Byzantine
Empire, 416 sq. ; John III and Frederick II,
495, 608; Theodore's eulogy on Frederick
II, 496, 501; the Empire and Venice, 394,
398 sqq. , 402, 405 sq. , 408, 412; and
Papacy, see Chaps. IX, XIX; see also
Crusades, Papacy
Westberg, on Chazar bodyguard, 190; on
Dnieper river, 198
White Bulgars, see Bulgars
White Town (Sarkel), see Sarkel
Wiching, bishop of Nyitra, opposition to
St Methodius, 228 sq.
William I of Champlitte, Prince of Achaia,
founds principality, 422, 433 sq. ; death,
437; 474
William of Villehardouin, Prince of Achaia,
and Michael II of Epirus, 430; wars of,
440, 442; taken prisoner by Michael VIII,
442 sq. ,508; death, 444; and Rhodes, 494;
474
William, Duke of Athens, 446; 475
William I, King of Sicily, and Manuel I, 369
sq. , 596, 601; treaty with Venice, 412
William II, King of Sicily, and Manuel I,
370; 371 sq. ; 374; invades Byzantium,
383 sq. , 596, 603
William IX, duke of Aquitaine, 341
William of Grantmesnil, leader in First
Crusade, 339
William, marquess of Montferrat, supported
by Manuel I, 379
William, count of Nevers, crusade of, 341
William of Pavia, papal legate in France,
and Manuel I, 601
William of Volpiano, St, abbot of St Benig.
nus at Dijon, and Pope John XIX, 262
William of Rubruck, see Rubruquis
William of Tyre, chronicler, on numbers of
Turks, 655
William-Jordan, count of Cerdagne, and
Alexius I, 342
Winkler, on Magyar language, 195
Wintker, see Gunter
Witigis, King of the Goths, and Venetia,
385
Xerigordon, Crusaders defeated at, 337
Xerus, prefect of Constantinople, plots
against Alexius I, 342
Xiphias, Nicephorus, general of Basil II,
rebels, 95; victorious over Bulgarians,
241
Xiphilin, John, nomophylax, 110; teaches
law under Constantine IX, 114, 714; 719;
721 sq.
Xylocastron, turret on Byzantine ship of the
line, 743
Yadrintsev, N. , expedition of, to Central
Asia, 640
Yahyd, the Barmecide, Saracen general,
defeats Byzantines, 124; minister of
Hārūn, 283
Yahya, Saracen general, takes Tyana, 128
Yahya ibn 'Ali-at-Tabrizi, Arab lecturer, 306
Yaik (Ural), river, 197 sq. , 631, 651
Yaman, the, 312
Yamboli, in Bulgaria, 231
Yaminu-Amiri'l-Mu'minin, title bestowed on
ľughril Beg, 305
Yangtse Kiang, Chinese river, 645
Ya'qub, brother of Bāyazid, put to death by
him, 558, 673
Ya'qub, general of Bāyazīd, in the Morea,
675
Ya'qūb Arslān, brother of Mahomet, Dānish-
mandite ruler, 365, 375; 377
Ya'qūbi, Arab historian, 293
Yaqūt, Arab geographer, 194, 295
Yarmouth, herring trade of, 639
Yaropolk, son of Svyatoslav of Russia, 208
Yaroslav, prince of Russia, 111
Yaroslav, prince of Halicz, 381
Yazid II, Umayyad Caliph, 119 sq.
Yellow River, in China, 633
Yenisey, river, see Kien
Yeni-Shehr, taken by Ertughril, 655;
Osmān's capital transferred to, 659
Yenkin, ancient capital of North China, 632,
647
Yeshil-jāmi' (Green Mosque), at Brūsa, 688
Yesukai, Mongol chieftain, father of Jenghiz
Khan, 632
Yezdegerd II, Sasanid King of Persia, per-
secutes Armenians, 155
Yilderim (Thunderbolt), epithet applied to
Bāyazid I, 562, 674
Yolande (Jolanda), Latin Empress, wife of
Peter de Courtenay, Latin Emperor, re-
gency of, 427; 486
Yuan-Yuan (Yü-Küe-lü), Asiatic nomads,
185; overthrown by Turks, 186
Yugers, Ugrian tribe, 194
Yulun (Ogelen Eke), mother of Jenghiz
Khan, 632
Yunnan, Chinese province, 644
Yūnus, son of Seljūg, 303
## p. 993 (#1035) ###########################################
Index
993
Yūsuf, emir of Armenia, killed by Byzan.
tines, 131
Yūsuf, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, 182
Yusuf, ostikan of Azarbā'ījān, captures
Smbat I of Armenia, 160 sq.
Yusuf Barzami, murders Alp Arslan, 307
Zabel, daughter and heiress of Leo the Great
of Armeno-Cilicia, 174
Zabel, sister of Hethum II of Armeno-Cilicia,
178, 180 sq.
Žabljak, capital of Montenegro, 586; Turks
at, 587
Zaccaria, Genoese family of, in Chios, 455;
see Centurione, Maria
Zacharias, Pope, 17
Zacharias, bishop of Anagni, legate of Pope
Nicholas I, 248
Zagan, Turkish governor in the Morea, 465
Zāhir, Fățimite Caliph, agreement with
Constantine VIII, 97
Za'im, Ottoman military tenant, 664
Zain-ud-Din Ismāʻīl, Persian medical writer,
298
Zakariyā of Qazwin, Arab encyclopaedist
and geographer, 295
Zakonnik, Serbian code of law, 547
Zala, Pannonian river, 211
Zamakhsharī, famous commentator on the
Koran, 291
Zangi, 'Imād-ad-Din, prince of Mosul,
founder of Zangid dynasty, 299, 316 sq. ;
defeats King of Jerusalem, 359
Zangids, Atābeg dynasty, 315 sq.
Zante, ruled by Orsini, 432; under suze-
rainty of Naples, 446; Venetian, 466 sq. ,
473, 476
Zanzibar, 295
Zapetra (Sozopetra), in Saracen wars, 38,
121, 125, 128 sqq. ; captured by Basil I,
139
Zara, submits to Venetians, 406; Venetian
"counts” in, 412; Fourth Crusade cap-
tures, 416 sqq. , 604; 559; Ladislas of
Naples crowned at, 565
Zara Vecchia, captured by Venetians, 411
Zaützes, Stylianus, guardian and father-in-
law of Leo VI, 54, 56, 58, 256
“ Zealots” of Salonica, fourteenth century
communists, 760
Zeithun, see Ulnia
Zemarchus, Byzantine ambassador to the
Turks of Central Asia, 187
Zeta, the (Montenegro), original Serbian
Kingdom (Dioclea), 517; left to Vukan,
518 sq. ; 534; 542; Balsa family in, 553,
559, 564, 586; see of, 587: Table of rulers,
592; see also Dioclea
Zeus, Olympian, temple of the, at Athens,
459
Žiča, coronation church of Serbian kings,
521
Zichna, frontier town of John III, 492
Zigabenus, Euthymius, compiler of Alexius
I's theological treatise, 350; 766
Ziji-Malikshāhi, astronomical tables drawn
up by Omar Khayyam, 308
Ziyādatallāh, Agblabid emir of Africa, in
Sicily, 37, 134; death, 136
Zlatica, near Philippopolis, 571
Zobor, Benedictine monastery, in Hungary,
founded, 214
Zoë, Empress, daughter of Constantine VIII,
84,94,96 sq. ; marriage and accession of,98;
99 sq.
; marriage to Michael IV, 101 sqq. ;
adopts Michael V, 104; 105; exiled, 106,
319; joint reign with T8, 107;
marriage to Constantine IX, 108 sq. ; death,
115; 265: 757; Novels of, 715
Zoë, Empress, daughter of Zaützes, mistress
of Leo VI, 56; marriage and death of, 57;
59; 256
Zoë Carbonupsina, Empress, wife of Leo VI,
57, 60, 256; supports Phocas, 61; 142
Zoë, daughter of Constantine VII, 68
Zonaras, John, Grand Drungarius of the
Watch, historian and legal writer, 363,
724; on Basil II, 87; 110; on coinage of
Alexius I, 348; 765
Zoroastrianism, 155; and Islām, 287
Zorzi, Venetian family, become marquesses
of Boudonitza, 458
Zubair, Saracen leader in Sicily, 135
Župan, župy, 517; see Ispanok; of Rascia, see
Bolkan, Pervoslav, Stephen, Uroš
Zvečan, castle of, 539
CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY W. LEWIS AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
## p. (#1036) ###############################################
## p. (#1037) ###############################################
THE
CAMBRIDGE MEDIEVAL
HISTORY
MAPS VOLUME IV
38 THE BREAK-UP of the CALIPHATE
39 ASIA MINOR, shewing the Themes of the tenth
century, and ARMENIA
40 NORTHERN NEIGHBOURS of the EMPIRE in the
tenth century
41 BULGARIA and the BALKANS in the tenth century
42 THE EMPIRE of the COMNENI about 1130
43 THE LATIN STATES in the EAST in 1214
44 THE EMPIRES of the PALAEOLOGI and STEPHEN
DUŠAN
45 THE TURKISH SULTANATE in 1481
46 THE MONGOL EMPIRE about 1250
47 a THE CITY of CONSTANTINOPLE
47 b THE ENVIRONS of CONSTANTINOPLE
## p. (#1038) ###############################################
## p. (#1039) ###############################################
Map 38
30
35.
40
45
50
55
60
65
40
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100
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35
40
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55
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65
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Cambridge University Press
W. & AK, Johnston Le
## p. (#1040) ###############################################
## p. (#1041) ###############################################
Map 39
Asia Minor
showing themes of
10th century
## p. (#1042) ###############################################
26
28
30
32
34
36
144
42
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## p. (#1044) ###############################################
## p. (#1045) ###############################################
Map 40
5
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15
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25
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40
45
50
55
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55
NORTHERN NEIGHBOURS
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IN THE 10TH CENTURY. ,
Natural Scale 1:22,500,000
55
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## p. (#1046) ###############################################
## p. (#1047) ###############################################
Map 41
16
18
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26
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## p. (#1048) ###############################################
## p. (#1049) ###############################################
Map 42
The Empire of
the Comneni
## p. (#1050) ###############################################
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20
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100
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32
Eastern Frontier of Alexius (0. 1118). .
Nomes of THEMES in Europe. .
THRACE
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20
22
24
26
28 Longitude
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Cambridge University Press
## p. (#1051) ###############################################
Map 42
32
34
36
38
40
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44
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## p. (#1052) ###############################################
## p. (#1053) ###############################################
Map 43
Latin States
in the East
in 1214
## p. (#1054) ###############################################
20
22
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24
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NOTE
Greek Possessions.
Venetian and Italian Nobles.
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26
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Cantridge University Press
## p. (#1055) ###############################################
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## p. (#1056) ###############################################
## p. (#1057) ###############################################
Map 44
15
20
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Map 45
Turkish Sultanate
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## p. (#1060) ###############################################
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Wear
Naxos
pards (Genoa)
COS
Ak or S! )
Monemvasia
s
35
przy ) Crete
TURKISH SULTANATE
₃
IN 1481
Natural Scale 1:9,400,000
SPH
200 Miles
(V) Venetian (T) Turkish
II
20
50
O
50
100
150
25
Longitu
Cainbridge University Press
## p. (#1061) ###############################################
Map 45
30
35
40
DAVIA
45
ma
Sinope
Theboli
Trebizond
R. Sangarius
Trebi 20
Nicomedia)
40
28
Brusa
Vzhid
Nicaea
Yenxi shehr
Eski-shehr
DoryTaeun)
ceivinjan
Angorde
Siwas
А N
Gerndiyan
daeum
San
Karamanla
Qonya
(igonium)
지
of St. John)
odes
Cyprus
35
East
30
of
Greenwich
35
40
W. & AK Solinston L! !
## p. (#1062) ###############################################
## p. (#1063) ###############################################
Map 46
Mongol Empire
(about 1250)
## p. (#1064) ###############################################
10
10
20
30
40
They
s'n.
60
o. . .
war
sririn
An
que
o Novgorod
50
Lieg. goitz.
Moscowo
eresla
şlavki
Vladimir
Sh
MORAVA
Koselsk
ILESIA
R. Przpet
Rydzan
Bulga
astuta
HUNGARY
b Mohi
Grongperstar
Dniesta
LIG AIR LA
PKiev
o blokhov
2. Dnieper
Donetzi
R. Ural
Culmans
Danube
L
Sea
BPE
lazers
N
40
Black
Sea
H 이
K A Mare
Sea of
Aral.
Caspian
KHWARAZM
So Kars
Malviyarbakr
Khilat?
TanAZARBARAN
K Himman
Anus Daria
SU
TRAL
Aleppo
Bukhar
ssassins
Mosulo o Erbil
H
O Mere
o Damascus
TRAQ AJAMI
30
А
AZANDERAN
Jabal Hamrin
Baghdad
o Nishapur
KHURASAN
N
R
Herate
IK
Cuphrates
***
S
30
40
50
60 Longitu
Cambridge University Press
## p. (#1065) ###############################################
Map 46
30
40 50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
60
R Yenise
R Ohr
50
LBa
Onan k
Onon Kerule
Z(Delighan Buldagha)
KUB LAI
hulle
Bulgar
GARDA
KLN
Keturen?
KHANATE
TO
OF
น Montoy
Keyr labit
VIA
NIVELUT PUUTTO
Karakorum
1 Zaisan
111
ns
P.
"
***
H o
D E
L I
U
I SC
40
. Balkash
H
KA
$yr Daria (Ja
M
! ! ! !
wis Dillings
Uhr. 4. JULIUI
NIIN
ssikrinti
Kul
Kara Khitai
ARAZM
SUGH D
Tashkeriet
TRANSOXIANA
Onur
Semarqand
PRAVY (IT VITIMICOTIMAATTORITA SIRI
ht
Bulboro
Vines,
One
EMA
o Balkh
OR
30
ONshgaur
URAS AN
Herent
. . . امکان نداد. خانه بالا . 1 . دانان -
linnan
MONGOL EMPIRE
(about 1250)
Natural Scale 1:28,800 000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700 Miles
70
of Greenwich
80
90
100
60 Longitude East
W&AK Johnston It
## p. (#1066) ###############################################
>
)
.
## p. (#1067) ###############################################
## p. (#1068) ###############################################
* S. Mary or
st. Theodosine
F Phanary
Pal
OL
GALATA
2 Regio
Spegity
PS. Barbarae
I
+19
of
P Caligariae
Wall of
Blachernae
Manuel Comnenus
P Xylocerci
Porphyrogenitus
17 +
P Charisi
+7
64
(Polyandrii)
5
5th Military Gate
P Polyandrii
spørdsild
hveteris Rectoris
Port of Prosphorianus
270
U Pal of the PETRION
z
՝
Drungariorun,
. . Joginis
eramatis
Neori
J F Plate
CYNEGIUM
+6
24
Venetian Quarter
+ 3
16
ACROPOLIS
340
20+
14+
26
Regio
4
Regio VI
+2
+ 5
+10
Regio 1,320
3
Aqueduct of Valens
2030
1284 S. Sophia
Palace
Mese
E
R. Lycus
20023
Jauril
mese
15+
E Constanta
8 +
X1
Amastrianon
220
Regio
дан:
Regio
Bucoleon or
O Palace of Justinian (Hormisdas)
Port of the Bucoleon
Regio VII
18+
Regio i
E of the Bous
Walls of Theodosius /I. Inner of Anthemius. (
Port of the Contoscale
EXOKI ONION
Meser
Wall of Constantine
F. Arcadii
Port of the Heptascali
Port of Theodosius Eleutherius)
P. S. Aeiniliani.
via Triumphalis
Regio XII
p vetus
Prodromi
QUARTER
CALLED
SIGMA 12
CONSTANTINOPLE
The Seven Hills are indicated by targe figures
P-Porta
F-Forum
+
+ 13
0
Mile
REFERENCE
2nd Military Gate
Cyrus. (3) Fass & Rampart1
P. Psamathiae
Os John(Studion)
.
. !
1.
00
11
Golden Gate
1. Church of S. Saviour of the Chora
the Holy Apostles
Christ Pantepoptes
Christ Pantocrator
S. Mary Theotokos
S. John in Trullo
S. John in Petra
S. Mary Panachrantos
9.
S. Theodosia
10.
S. Theodorc
11.
S. Mary Peribleptos
12.
S. Andrew
13.
S. Anna
14
S. Irene
15.
S. Euphemia
16.
S. George in Mangana
17.
S. Mary Pammakaristos
18. Church of SS. Sergius & Bacchus
19.
S. Demetrius
20.
