No More Learning

And though this begot, and continued in them, such a mutual
love, and joy, and content, as was no way defective; yet this
mutual content, and love, and joy did receive a daily augmenta-
tion, by such daily obligingness to each other, as still added such
new affluences to the former fullness of these divine souls as was
only improvable in heaven, where they now enjoy it.


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IZAAK WALTON
FROM THE COMPLEAT ANGLER)
Plan
ISCATOR — sir, doubt not that angling is an art: is it not
an art to deceive a trout with an artificial fly? a trout
that is more sharp-sighted than any hawk you have named,
and more watchful and timorous than your high-mettled merlin is
bold; and yet I doubt not to catch a brace or two to-morrow for
a friend's breakfast. Doubt not, therefore, sir, but that angling
is an art, and an art worth your learning. The question is
rather, whether you be capable of learning it ? for angling is
somewhat like poetry, - men are to be born so: I mean, with
inclinations to it, though both may be heightened by discourse
and practice; but he that hopes to be a good angler must not
only bring an inquiring, searching, observing wit, but he must
bring a large measure of hope and patience, and a love and pro-
pensity to the art itself; but having once got and practiced it,
then doubt not but angling will prove to be so pleasant that it
will prove to be like virtue, a reward to itself.
Venator - Sir, I am now become so full of expectation, that
I
I long much to have you proceed, and in the order you pro-
pose.
Piscator — Then first, for the antiquity of angling, of which I
shall not say much, but only this: some say it is as ancient as
Deucalion's flood; others, that Belus, who was the first inventor
of godly and virtuous recreations, was the first inventor of an-
gling; and some others say — for former times have had their
disquisitions about the antiquity of it -- that Seth, one of the sons
of Adam, taught it to his sons, and that by them it was derived
to posterity; others say that he left it engraven on those pillars
which he erected, and trusted to preserve the knowledge of the
mathematics, music, and the rest of that precious knowledge
and those useful arts, which by God's appointment or allowance
and his noble industry were thereby preserved from perishing in
Noah's flood.
These, sir, have been the opinions of several men that have
possibly endeavored to make angling more ancient than is need-
ful, or may well be warranted; but for my part, I shall content
myself in telling you that angling is much more ancient than
the Incarnation of our Savior: for in the prophet Amos, mention
is made of fish-hooks; and in the book of Job, which was long
before the days of Amos,- for that book is said to be writ by


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IZAAK WALTON
15611
-
Moses, - mention is made also of fish-hooks, which must imply
anglers in those times.
But, my worthy friend, as I would rather prove myself a
gentleman by being learned and humble, valiant and inoffensive,
virtuous and communicable, than by any fond ostentation of
riches; or, wanting those virtues myself, boast that these were
in my ancestors (and yet I grant that where a noble and ancient
descent and such merit meet in any man, it is a double dignifi-
cation of that person); -- so if this antiquity of angling, which
for my part I have not forced, shall, like an ancient family, be
either an honor or an ornament to this virtuous art which I
profess to love and practice, I shall be the gladder that I made
an accidental mention of the antiquity of it, of which I shall say
no more, but proceed to that just commendation which I think it
deserves.
And for that, I shall tell you that in ancient times a debate
hath arisen, and it remains yet unresolved: whether the happi-
ness of man in this world doth consist more in contemplation or
action ?
Concerning which, some have endeavored to maintain their
opinion of the first, by saying that the nearer we mortals come
to God by way of imitation, the more happy we are.
And they
say that God enjoys himself only by a contemplation of his own
infiniteness, eternity, power, and goodness, and the like. And
upon this ground, many cloisteral men of great learning and
devotion prefer contemplation before action. And many of the
fathers seem to approve this opinion, as may appear in their
commentaries upon the words of our Savior to Martha (Luke
X. 41, 42).
And on the contrary, there want not men of equal authority
and credit, that prefer action to be the more excellent: as namely,
experiments in physic, and the application of it, both for the ease
and prolongation of man's life; by which each man is enabled to
act and do good to others, either to serve his country or do good
to particular persons. And they say also that action is doctrinal,
and teaches both art and virtue, and is a maintainer of human
society; and for these, and other like reasons, to be preferred
before contemplation.
Concerning which two opinions, I shall forbear to add a third
by declaring my own; and rest myself contented in telling you,
my very worthy friend, that both these meet together, and do


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IZAAK WALTON
most properly belong to the most honest, ingenious, quiet, and
harmless art of angling.
And first I shall tell you what some have observed, and I
have found it to be a real truth, - that the very sitting by the
river's side is not only the quietest and fittest place for con-
templation, but will invite an angler to it; and this seems to be
maintained by the learned Peter Du Moulin, who in his discourse
of the fulfilling of prophecies, observes that when God intended
to reveal any future events or high notions to. his prophets, he
then carried them either to the deserts or the sea-shore, that
having so separated them from amidst the press of people and
business, and the cares of the world, he might settle their mind
in a quiet repose, and there make them fit for revelation.
And this seems also to be intimated by the Children of Israel
(Psalm cxxxvii. ), who having in a sad condition banished all
mirth and music from their pensive hearts, and having hung
up their then mute harps upon the willow-trees growing by the
rivers of Babylon, sat down upon these banks, bemoaning the
ruins of Sion, and contemplating their own sad condition.
And an ingenious Spaniard says that rivers and the inhabit-
ants of the watery element were made for wise men to contem-
plate, and fools to pass by without consideration. ”
And though
I will not rank myself in the number of the first, yet give me
leave to free myself from the last, by offering to you a short
contemplation, first of rivers and then of fish: concerning which
I doubt not but to give you many observations that will appear
very considerable; I am sure they have appeared so to me, and
,
made many an hour to pass away more pleasantly, as I have sat
quietly on a flowery bank by a calm river.
PISCATOR — And now you shall see me try my skill to catch a
trout; and at my next walking, either this evening or to-morrow
morning, I will give you direction how you yourself shall fish
for him.
Venator - Trust me, master, I see now it is a harder matter
to catch a trout than a chub; for I have put on patience and
followed you these two hours, and not seen a fish stir, neither at
your minnow nor your worm.
Piscator — Well, scholar, you must endure worse luck some
time, or you will never make a good angler.
But what say you


## p. 15613 (#567) ##########################################

IZAAK WALTON
15613
now? There is a trout now, and a good one too, if I can but
hold him, and two or three turns more will tire him. Now you
see he lies still, and the sleight is to land him. Reach me that
landing-net: - so, sir, now he is mine own.
;
What say you now?
is not this worth all my labor and your patience ?
Venator - On my word, master, this is a gallant trout: what
shall we do with him ? .
Piscator - Marry, e'en eat him to supper: we'll go to my
hostess, from whence we came; she told me as I was going
out of door, that my brother Peter, a good angler and a cheerful
companion, had sent word that he would lodge there to-night,
and bring a friend with him. My hostess has two beds, and I
know you and I may have the best; we'll rejoice with my brother
Peter and his friend, tell tales or sing ballads, or make a catch,
or find some harmless sport to content us and pass away a little
time, without offense to God or man.
Venator A match, good master: let's go to that house; for
the linen looks white and smells of lavender, and I long to lie in
a pair of sheets that smells so. Let's be going, good master, for
I am hungry again with fishing.
Piscator — Nay, stay a little, good scholar. I caught my
last trout with a worm; now I will put on a minnow, and try a
quarter of an hour about yonder trees for another: and so walk
towards our lodging. Look you, scholar, thereabout we shall
have a bite presently or not at all. Have with you, sir! o' my
word I have hold of him. Oh! it is a great logger-headed chub; ;
come hang him upon that willow twig, and let's be going. But
turn out of the way a little, good scholar, towards yonder high
honeysuckle hedge; there we'll sit and sing whilst this shower
falls so gently upon the teeming earth, and gives yet a sweeter
smell to the lovely flowers that adorn these verdant meadows.
Look! under that broad beech-tree I sat down, when I was
last this way a-fishing. And the birds in the adjoining grove
seemed to have a friendly contention with an echo, whose dead
voice seemed to live in a hollow tree, near to the brow of that
primrose hill. There I sat viewing the silver streams glide
silently towards their centre, the tempestuous sea; yet sometimes
opposed by rugged roots and pebble-stones, which broke their
waves and turned them into foam. And sometimes I beguiled
time by viewing the harmless lambs; some leaping securely in
the cool shade, whilst others sported themselves in the cheerful
sun; and saw others. craving comfort from the swollen udders of


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15614
IZAAK WALTON
their bleating dams. As I thus sat, these and other sights had
so fully possessed my soul with content, that I thought, as the
poet hath happily expressed it,
“I was for that time lifted above earth,
And possessed joys not promised in my birth. ”
As I left this place and entered into the next field, a second
pleasure entertained me: 'twas a handsome milkmaid, that had
not yet attained so much age and wisdom as to load her mind
with any fears of many things that will never be, as too many
men too often do; but she cast away all care, and sang like a
nightingale: her voice was good, and the ditty fitted for it: it
was that smooth song which was made by Kit Marlowe, now at
least fifty years ago; and the milkmaid's mother sang an answer
to it, which was made by Sir Walter Raleigh in his younger days.
They were old-fashioned poetry, but choicely good; I think
much better than the strong lines that are now in fashion in
this critical age. Look yonder! on my word, yonder they both
be a-milking again. I will give her the chub, and persuade them
to sing those two songs to us.
God speed you, good woman! I have been a-fishing, and am
going to Bleak Hall to my bed; and having caught more fish
than will sup myself and friend, I will bestow this upon you and
your daughter, for I use to sell none.
Milk-Woman — Marry, God requite you, sir, and we'll eat it
cheerfully: and if you come this way a-fishing two months hence,
a grace of God, I'll give you a syllabub of new verjuice in a
new-made haycock for it, and my Maudlin shall sing you one of
her best ballads; for she and I both love all anglers, they be
such honest, civil, quiet men: in the mean time will you drink
a draught of red cow's milk? you shall have it freely.
Piscator — No, I thank you: but I pray, do us a courtesy that
shall stand you and your daughter in nothing, and yet we will
think ourselves still something in your debt; it is but to sing us
a song that was sung by your daughter when I last passed over
this meadow, about eight or nine days since.
Milk-Woman -- What song was it, I pray? Was it Come,
shepherds, deck your heads, or As at noon Dulcina rested,'
or Phillida flouts me,' or Chevy Chace,' or Johnny Arm-
strong,' or (Troy Town”?
Piscator — No, it is none of those; it is a song that your
daughter sang the first part, and you sang the answer to it.
(


## p. 15615 (#569) ##########################################

IZAAK WALTON
15615
Milk - Woman — Oh, I know it now. I learned the first part in
my golden age, when I was about the age of my poor daughter;
and the latter part, which indeed fits me best now, but two or
three years ago, when the cares of the world began to take hold
of me: but you shall, God willing, hear them both, and sung as
well as we can, for we both love anglers.
PISCATOR — And now, scholar, i think it will be time to repair
to our angle-rods, which we left in the water to fish for them-
selves: and you shall choose which shall be yours; and it is an
even lay one of them catches.
And let me tell you, this kind of fishing with a dead rod,
and laying night-hooks, are like putting money to use: for they
both work for the owners, when they do nothing but sleep, or eat,
or rejoice; as you know we have done this last hour, and sat as
quietly and as free from cares under this sycamore, as Virgil's
Tityrus and his Melibus did under their broad beech-tree. No
life, my honest scholar, no life so happy and so pleasant as the
life of a well-governed angler; for when the lawyer is swallowed
up with business, and the statesman is preventing or contriving
plots, then we sit on cowslip banks, hear the birds sing, and pos-
sess ourselves in as much quietness as these silent silver streams,
which we see glide so quietly by us. Indeed, my good
scholar, we may say of angling as Dr. Boteler said of strawber-
ries, “Doubtless God could have made a better berry, but doubtless
God never did;” and so, if I might be judge, “God never did
make a more calm, quiet, innocent recreation than angling. "
I'll tell you, scholar, when I sat last on this primrose bank,
and looked down these meadows, I thought of them as Charles
the Emperor did of the city of Florence, “that they were too
pleasant to be looked on but only on holidays. ” As I then sat
on this very grass, I turned my present thoughts into verse: 'twas
a wish, which I'll repeat to you.
now
>>>
THE ANGLER'S WISH
I in these flowery meads would be:
These crystal streams should solace me;
To whose harmonious bubbling noise
I with my angle would rejoice,
Sit here, and see the turtle-dove
Court his chaste mate to acts of love;


## p. 15616 (#570) ##########################################

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IZAAK WALTON
Or on that bank, feel the west wind
Breathe health and plenty; please my mind,
To see sweet dewdrops kiss these flowers,
And then washed off by April showers:
Here, hear my Kenna sing a song;
There, see a blackbird feed her young,
Or a leverock build her nest;
Here, give my weary spirits rest,
And raise my low-pitched thoughts above
Earth, or what poor mortals love:
Thus free from lawsuits and the noise
Of princes' courts, I would rejoice:
Or with my Bryan and a book,
Loiter long days near Shawford brook;
There sit by him, and eat my meat;
There see the sun both rise and set;
There bid good-inorning to next day;
There meditate my time away:
And angle on, and beg to have
A quiet passage to a welcome grave.
When I had ended this composure, I left this place, and saw
a brother of the angle sit under that honeysuckle hedge, one
that will prove worth your acquaintance: I sat down by him, and
presently we met with an accidental piece of merriment, which I
will relate to you; for it rains still.
On the other side of this very hedge sat a gang of gipsies,
and near to them sat a gang of beggars. The gipsies were then
to divide all the money that had been got that week, either by
stealing linen or poultry, or by fortune-telling, or legerdemain,
or indeed by any other sleights or secrets belonging to their
mysterious government. And the sum that was got that week
proved to be but twenty and some odd shillings. The odd money
was agreed to be distributed amongst the poor of their own cor-
poration; and for the remaining twenty shillings, that was to be
divided unto four gentlemen gipsies, according to their several
degrees in their commonwealth.
And the first or chiefest gipsy was, by consent, to have a
third part of the 205. , which all men know is 6s. 8d.
The second was to have a fourth part of the 205. , which all
men know to be 55.
The third was to have a fifth part of the 205. , which all men
know to be 43.


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IZAAK WALTON
15617
The fourth and last gipsy was to have a sixth part of the
205. , which all men know to be 35. 4d.
As for example, -
3 times 6s. 8d. is 205.
And so is 4 times 55.
And so is 5 times 45.
And so is 6 times 35. 4d.
208.
208.
20.
And yet he that divided the money was so very a gipsy, that
though he gave to every one these said sums, yet he kept is, of
it for himself.
As for example, -
s. d.
6 8
50
4 o
3 4
make but
19 o
But now you shall know that when the four gipsies saw that
he had got is. by dividing the money, though not one of them
knew any reason to demand more, yet, like lords and courtiers,
every gipsy envied him that was the gainer, and wrangled with
him, and every one said the remaining shilling belonged to
him: and so they fell to so high a contest about it, as none that
knows the faithfulness of one gipsy to another will easily believe:
only we that have lived these last twenty years are certain that
money has been able to do much mischief. However, the gipsies
were too wise to go to law, and did therefore choose their choice
friends Rook and Shark, and our late English Gusman, to be
their arbitrators and umpires; and so they left this honeysuckle
hedge, and went to tell fortunes, and cheat, and get more money
and lodging in the next village.
When these were gone, we heard a high contention amongst
the beggars, whether it was easiest to rip a cloak or to unrip a
cloak. One beggar affirmed it was all one. But that was denied
by asking her if doing and undoing were all one. Then another
said 'twas easiest to unrip a cloak, for that was to let it alone.
But she was answered by asking her how she unripped it if
she let it alone; and she confessed herself mistaken. These
and twenty such-like questions were proposed, and answered with
as much beggarly logic and earnestness as was ever heard to
XXVI–977


## p. 15618 (#572) ##########################################

15618
IZAAK WALTON
(
proceed from the mouth of the most pertinacious schismatic;
and sometimes all the beggars, whose number was neither more
nor less than the poet's nine Muses, talked together about this
ripping and unripping, and so loud that not one heard what
the other said: but at last one beggar craved audience, and told
them that old Father Clause, whom Ben Jonson, in his “Beggar's
Bush,' created king of their corporation, was to lodge at an
alehouse called “Catch-her-by-the-way," not far from Waltham
Cross, and in the high-road towards London: and he therefore
desired them to spend no more time about that and such-like
questions, but refer all to Father Clause at night, for he was an
upright judge; and in the meantime draw cuts, what song should
be next sung and who should sing it. They all agreed to the
motion; and the lot fell to her that was the youngest and veri-
est virgin of the company. And she sang Frank Davison's song,
which he made forty years ago; and all the others of the com-
pany joined to sing the burthen with her.
PISCATOR — Well, scholar, having now taught you to paint your
rod, and we having still a mile to Tottenham High Cross, I will,
as we walk towards it, in the cool shade of this sweet honey-
suckle hedge, mention to you some of the thoughts and joys that
have possessed my soul since we two met together. And these
thoughts shall be told you, that you also may join with me in
thankfulness to the Giver of every good and perfect gift, for our
happiness. And that our present happiness may appear to be
the greater, and we the more thankful for it, I will beg you to
consider with me how many do, even at this very time, lie under
the torment of the stone, the gout, and toothache; and this we
are free from. And every misery that I miss is a new mercy,
and therefore let us be thankful. There have been, since we
met, others that have met disasters of broken limbs; some
have been blasted, others thunderstrucken: and we have been
freed from these, and all those many other miseries that threaten
human nature; let us therefore rejoice and be thankful. Nay,
which is a far greater mercy, we are free from the unsupporta-
ble burthen of an accusing tormenting conscience, a misery that
none can bear; and therefore let us praise Him for his prevent-
ing grace, and say, Every misery that I miss is a new mercy.
Nay, let me tell you there be many that have forty times our
estates, that would give the greatest part of it to be healthful


## p. 15619 (#573) ##########################################

IZAAK WALTON
15619
and cheerful like us: who, with the expense of a little money,
have eat and drank, and laught, and angled, and sung, and slept
securely; and rose next day, and cast away care, and sung, and
laught, and angled again: which are blessings rich men cannot
purchase with all their money. Let me tell you, scholar, I have
a rich neighbor that is always so busy that he has no leisure to
laugh; the whole business of his life is to get money, and more
money, that he may still get more and more money: he is still
drudging on, and says that Solomon says, “The diligent hand
maketh rich ;” and it is true indeed: but he considers not that
it is not in the power of riches to make a man happy; for it was
wisely said by a man of great observation, that “There be as
many miseries beyond riches as on this side them:" and yet God
deliver us from pinching poverty; and grant that having a com-
petency, we may be content and thankful. Let not us repine,
or so much as think the gifts of God unequally dealt, if we see
another abound with riches; when, as God knows, the cares that
are the keys that keep those riches hang often so heavily at the
rich man's girdle, that they clog him with weary days and rest-
less nights, even when others sleep quietly. We see but the
outside of the rich man's happiness: few consider him to be like
the silkworm, that when she seems to play, is at the very same
time spinning her own bowels, and consuming herself; and this
many rich men do, loading themselves with corroding cares to
keep what they have probably unconscionably got. Let us there-
fore be thankful for health and a competence, and above all, for
a quiet conscience.
Let me tell you, scholar, that Diogenes walked on a day,
with his friend, to see a country fair; where he saw ribbons and
looking-glasses, and nut-crackers, and fiddles, and hobby-horses,
and many other gimcracks: and having observed them, and all
the other finnimbruns that make a complete country fair, he said
to his friend, Lord, how many things are there in this world
of which Diogenes hath no need! ” And truly it is so, or might
be so, with very many who vex and toil themselves to get what
they have no need of. Can any man charge God that he hath
not given him enough to make his life happy? No, doubtless;
for nature is content with a little. And yet you shall hardly
meet with a
that complains not of some want: though
he indeed wants nothing but his will, it may be, nothing but
his will of his poor neighbor, for not worshiping or not flattering
(G
man


## p. 15620 (#574) ##########################################

15620
IZAAK WALTON
him: and thus when we might be happy and quiet, we create
trouble to ourselves. I have heard of a man that was angry with
himself because he was no taller; and of a woman that broke
her looking-glass because it would not show her face to be as
young and handsome as her next neighbor's was. And I knew
another to whom God had given health and plenty, but a wife
that nature had made peevish, and her husband's riches had
made purse-proud: and must, because she was rich, and for no
other virtue, sit in the highest pew in the church; which being
denied her, she engaged her husband into a contention for it,
and at last into a lawsuit with a dogged neighbor, who was
as rich as he, and had a wife as peevish and purse-proud as the
other; and this lawsuit begot higher oppositions, and actionable
words, and more vexations and lawsuits: for you must remember
that both were rich, and must therefore have their will. Well,
this willful, purse-proud lawsuit lasted during the life of the
first husband; after which his wife vext and chid, and chid and
vext till she also chid and vext herself into the grave: and so
the wealth of these poor rich people was curst into a punish-
ment, because they wanted meek and thankful hearts; for those
only can make us happy.
I knew a man that had health and
riches, and several houses all beautiful and ready furnished, and
would often trouble himself and family to be removing from
one house to another; and being asked by a friend why he
removed so often from one house to another, replied, "It was to
find content in some one of them. ” But his friend, knowing his
temper, told him, if he would find content in any of his houses,
he must leave himself behind him; for content will never dwell
but in a meek and quiet soul. And this may appear, if we read
and consider what our Savior says in St. Matthew's Gospel; for
he there says: "Blessed be the merciful, for they shall obtain
“
mercy. Blessed be the pure in heart, for they shall see God.
Blessed be the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of
heaven. ” And “Blessed be the meek, for they shall possess the
earth. ” Not that the meek shall not also obtain
see God, and be comforted, and at last come to the kingdom of
heaven; but in the mean time he, and he only, possesses the earth
as he goes towards that kingdom of heaven, by being humble and
cheerful, and content with what his good God has allotted him.
He has no turbulent, repining, vexatious thoughts that he deserves
better; nor is vext when he sees others possest of more honor or
»
mercy, and


## p. 15621 (#575) ##########################################

IZAAK WALTON
15621
more riches than his wise God has allotted for his share: but he
possesses what he has with a meek and contented quietness,-
such a quietness as makes his very dreams pleasing, both to God
and himself.
My honest scholar, all this is told to incline you to thankful-
ness; and to incline you the more, let me tell you that though
the prophet David was guilty of murder and adultery, and many
other of the most deadly sins, yet he was said to be a
after God's own heart, because he abounded more with thankful-
ness than any other that is mentioned in holy Scripture, as may
appear in his book of Psalms; where there is such a commixture
of his confessing of his sins and unworthiness, and such thank-
fulness for God's pardon and mercies, as did make him to be
accounted, even by God himself, to be a man after his own
heart. And let us, in that, labor to be as like him as we can:
let not the blessings we receive daily from God make us not to
value or not praise him because they be common; let us not for-
get to praise him for the innocent mirth and pleasure we have
met with since we met together. What would a blind man give
to see the pleasant rivers, and meadows, and flowers, and fount-
ains, that we have met with since we met together? I have
been told that if a man that was born blind could obtain to have
his sight for but only one hour during his whole life, and should
at the first opening of his eyes, fix his sight upon the sun when
it was in its full glory, either at the rising or setting of it, he
would be so transported and amazed, and so admire the glory
of it, that he would not willingly turn his eyes from that first
ravishing object, to behold all the other various beauties this
world could present to him. And this, and many other like bless-
ings, we enjoy daily. And for most of them, because they be so
common, most men forget to pay their praises; but let not us,
because it is a sacrifice so pleasing to Him that made that sun
and us, and still protects us, and gives us flowers and showers,
and stomachs and meat, and content, and leisure to go a-fishing.
Well, scholar, I have almost tired myself, and I fear more
than almost tired you: but I now see Tottenham High Cross,
and our short walk thither shall put a period to my too long dis-
course, in which my meaning was and is, to plant that in your
mind, with which I labor to possess my own soul; that is, a
meek and thankful heart. And to that end, I have showed you
that riches, without them, do not make any man happy. But let


## p. 15622 (#576) ##########################################

15622
IZAAK WALTON
As for money,
me tell you that riches with them remove many fears and cares:
and therefore my advice is that you endeavor to be honestly rich
or contentedly poor; but be sure that your riches be justly got,
or you spoil all. For it is well said by Caussin, “He that loses
his conscience has nothing left that is worth keeping. ” There-
fore be sure you look to that. And in the next place, look to
your health: and if you have it, praise God, and value it next
to a good conscience; for health is the second blessing that we
mortals are capable of,-a blessing that money cannot buy,- and
therefore value it, and be thankful for it.
which
may be said to be the third blessing, neglect it not: but note
that there is no necessity of being rich; for I told you there be
as many miseries beyond riches as on this side them: and if
you have a competence, enjoy it with a meek, cheerful, thankful
heart. I will tell you, scholar, I have heard a grave divine say
that God has two dwellings,-one in heaven, and the other in a
meek and thankful heart. Which Almighty God grant to me
and to my honest scholar. And so you are welcome to Totten-
ham High Cross.
Venator — Well, master, I thank you for all your good direc-
tions; but for none more than this last, of thankfulness, which I
hope I shall never forget. And pray let's now rest ourselves in
this sweet shady arbor, which Nature herself has woven with her
own fine finger; 'tis such a contexture of woodbines, sweetbriar,
jessamine, and myrtle, and so interwoven, as will secure us both
from the sun's violent heat and from the approaching shower.
And being sat down, I will requite a part of your courtesies
with a bottle of sack, milk, oranges, and sugar, which, all put
together, make a drink like nectar; indeed, too good for any but
us anglers. And so, master, here is a full glass to you of that
liquor: and when you have pledged me, I will repeat the verses
which I promised you; it is a copy printed among some of Sir
Henry Wotton's, and doubtless made either by him or by a lover
of angling. Come, master, now drink a glass to me, and then I
will pledge you, and fall to my repetition: it is a description of
such country recreations as I have enjoyed since I had the hap-
piness to fall into your company.


## p. 15623 (#577) ##########################################

15623
ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
(1844-)
LIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD was born in Andover, Massa-
chusetts, August 31st, 1844; the daughter of Professor Aus-
tin Phelps of the Andover Theological Seminary, and his
wife Elizabeth Stuart, the author of (Sunnyside,' — one of the pioneer
stories of New England life after the naturalistic manner.
Miss Phelps's education, a classical and scholarly one, was under
the supervision of her father, supplemented by studies in theology
and miscellaneous reading. The influence of the Civil War tended
to excite and develop the literary faculty.
She began to write at an early age; and
before she was twenty was the author of the
much-discussed (The Gates Ajar,' a specu-
lative treatise in the form of a story, depict-
ing the problematic experiences of the soul
after death. Besides the fact that the sub-
ject was interesting, and the book intimate
and in a peculiar manner an appeal to the
imagination, the time was well chosen for
its production; and an undoubted piquancy
was added that such a revolt from cast-iron
tradition should have emanated from the
stronghold of orthodoxy. But the subject, MRS. E. S. P. WARD
though interesting, was not novel. The suc-
cess of The Gates Ajar' was therefore due to the author's striking
characteristics, and the novelty and originality of her way of express-
ing her ideas.
(The Gates Ajar,' and its successors : Beyond the Gates) and “The
Gates Between,' cleverly described as «the annexation of heaven,"
portray the celestial world as a sublimated earth; human nature
and its peculiarities occupying a prominent foreground, and Divine
personages appearing only in the distance. In this Utopia, innocent
likings of individuals become laws: the sportsman is made happy
by the presence of his horses and dogs, and the good little girls
nurse their dolls. If, however, a profound theme is treated as a
scheme of color, and the composition is not disturbed in the treat-
ment, the gravity of the subject does not exclude it from works of
art. These books are consistent, and take a certain possession of the



## p. 15624 (#578) ##########################################

15624
ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
reader, bereaved or speculative. The humor is largely that of section
and environment, with a fidelity to the admixture of sentiment and
common-sense which is characteristic of New England; the style, a
marked one, displays not so much subtlety of expression as the use
of unusual terms laden with esoteric meaning.
The success of “The Gates Ajar' was phenomenal: the sale in
England alone reached one hundred thousand copies, and translations
appeared in five Continental languages; at one step Miss Phelps had
arrived at fame. Other works followed in rapid succession,- two
volumes of poems, several of short stories, one of essays, and ten
novels.
The tone of thought and the way of writing are so peculiarly
Miss Phelps's own that no one who has read one of her books has
the right to feel impatient with another.
Her characteristics are
marked in the slightest sketch: a high susceptibility to tragic situa-
tion, an impassioned human sympathy, and a noble familiarity with
the sorrows of the lowly.
In consequence, she is so much the novelist of emotion that she
may be said to write with her soul instead of her pen. In her short
stories (as “The Madonna of the Tubs) and “The Supply at St. Aga-
tha') she touches the high-water mark of religious melodrama. A
single thought seizes and possesses her till she has dramatized it and
proclaimed it. Her mind, as ready to take impressions as the sensi-
tive plate of a camera, has been quickened by a life of ministry.
And as there is more of misery than joy in the world which she best
knows, and as she is too sincere an artist to paint other than what
she knows, she presents a series of shipwrecks, figurative and literal,
for which only her ability compels our patience.
Now and then she has written a novel of purely human passion,
like “The Story of Avis'; but with Miss Phelps, human passion is
generally making desperate efforts to assert its rights in a conflict
with altruism or fidelity, and life is too serious to waste time and
paper on any subject less vital than temperance, the wrongs and
rights of women, the common-law system and its iniquities, or the
evils of modern dress. Her belief in «the cause, whatever it may
be, and in herself as its exponent, carries her audience with the
force of conviction, and makes it patient with her prolonged analyses
of psychological conditions.
When the tension becomes so strained that disaster is threatened,
the author takes a swift leap downward into the every-day world,
and all concerned draw a long breath. The palpitating heroine
generally has a safety-valve in a practical Down-Easter like Mrs.
Butterwell in Doctor Zay'; whose sayings, slightly profane, are not
lacking in humor or common-sense.
»


## p. 15625 (#579) ##########################################

ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
15625
)
No better example of her power in possessing her reader is to be
found than in the novel A Singular Life,' - a direct appeal to the
spiritual nature, whose end is the significance of the Christian life
as portrayed in the New Testament. In this story she has recited
her creed with the abandon of a nature that is like nothing so much
as an alabaster vase in which a light is burning. There is no blind
man's holiday, in which the sympathetic reader may steal a few
moments of careless and irresponsible amusement. The encompassed
hero fights his hard fight among the drunkards and murderers of
the New England seaport town, with the booming ocean for a back-
ground; but we do not cease to suffer with him till he is hidden from
our sight "wrapped in his purple pall. ”
If her genius is emotional, it is also essentially feminine. When
she strikes she strikes hard, if not directly, with italics. With femi-
nine adroitness she makes a slave of nature, whose ardent votary she
is; and knowing to a throb when the blooming of the lilies or the
light on the sea will wave or blaze as background for partings or
meetings, she does not disdain to use them. «« The hall was dark,
but the light of the lily was upon her;” “When she lifted her
face, rose curlews hung over her, palpitating with joy. ” She makes
the outer world, with its patient inner meaning, the orchestral accom-
paniment to her favorite airs.
In 1889 Miss Phelps was married to Mr. Herbert D. Ward. To-
gether they have written two novels: Come Forth,' and 'The Master
of the Magicians. '
The quality of Mrs. Ward's genius is as unusual as her theories of
life are out of the common. But to adapt the saying of one master
of contemporary fiction concerning another, “Sentimentality is the
dominant note of her music, but her art has made her sentiment-
ality interesting. ”
(
»
IN THE GRAY GOTH
From "Men, Women, and Ghosts. Copyright 1869, by Fields, Osgood & Co.
I
F THE wick of the big oil lamp had been cut straight, I don't
believe it would ever have happened.
But as I was going to say, when I started to talk about
'41,- to tell the truth, Johnny, I'm always a long while coming
to it, I believe. I'm getting to be an old man,-a little of a
coward, maybe; and sometimes, when I sit alone here nights and
think it over, it's just like the toothache, Johnny. As I was


## p. 15626 (#580) ##########################################

15626
ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
-
saying, if she had cut that wick straight, I do believe it wouldn't
have happened,- though it isn't that I mean to lay the blame
on her now.
I'd been out at work all day about the place, slicking things
up for to-morrow; there was a gap in the barnyard fence to
mend, - I left that till the last thing, I remember; I remember
everything, some way or other, that happened that day,- and
there was a new roof to put on the pig-pen, and the grapevine
needed an extra layer of straw, and the latch was loose on the
south barn-door; then I had to go round and take a last look at
the sheep, and toss down an extra forkful for the cows, and go
into the stall to have a talk with Ben, and unbutton the coop-
door to see if the hens looked warm, – just to tuck 'em up, as
you might say. I always felt sort of homesick -- though I
wouldn't have owned up to it, not even to Nancy — saying good-
by to the creeturs the night before I went in. There, now! it
beats all, to think you don't know what I'm talking about, and
you
a lumberman's son! "Going in” is going up into the
woods, you know, to cut and haul for the winter, -up, some-
times, a hundred miles deep,- in in the fall and out in the
spring; whole gangs of us shut up there sometimes for six
months, then down with the freshets on the logs, and all sum-
mer to work the farm,- a merry sort of life when you get used
to it, Johnny: but it was a great while ago, and it seems to me
as if it must have been very cold. — Isn't there a little draft
coming in at the pantry door?
So when I'd said good-by to the creeturs,– I remember just
as plain how Ben put his great neck on my shoulder and whin-
nied like a baby; that horse knew when the season came round
and I was going in, just as well as I did, -I tinkered up the
barnyard fence, and locked the doors, and went in to supper.
I gave my finger a knock with the hammer, which may have
had something to do with it; for a man doesn't feel very good-
natured when he's been green enough to do a thing like that,
and he doesn't like to say it aches either. But if there is any-
thing I can't bear, it is lamp smoke; it always did put me out,
and I expect it always will. Nancy knew what a fuss I made
about it, and she was always very careful not to hector me with
it. I ought to have remembered that, but I didn't. She had
lighted the company lamp on purpose, too, because it was my
last night. I liked it better than the tallow candle.


## p. 15627 (#581) ##########################################

ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
15627
was
So I came in, stamping off the snow, and they were all in
there about the fire,- the twins, and Mary Ann, and the rest;
baby was sick, and Nancy was walking back and forth with him,
with little Nancy pulling at her gown. You were the baby then,
I believe, Johnny; but there always was a baby, and I don't
rightly remember.
The room so black with smoke that
they all looked as if they were swimming round and round in
it. I guess coming in from the cold, and the pain in my finger
and all, it made me a bit sick. At any rate, I threw open the
window and blew out the light, as mad as a hornet.
“Nancy,” said I, “this room would strangle a dog, and you
might have known it, if you'd had two eyes to see what you were
about. There now! I've tipped the lamp over, and you just get
a cloth and wipe up the oil. ”
Dear me! ” said she, lighting a candle, and she spoke up very
soft too. “Please, Aaron, don't let the cold in on baby. I'm
sorry it was smoking, but I never knew a thing about it: he's
been fretting and taking on so the last hour, I didn't notice any.
(C
way. ”
“That's just what you ought to have done,” says I, madder
than ever. « You know how I hate the stuff, and you ought to
have cared more about me than to choke me up with it this
way the last night before going in. ”
Nancy was a patient, gentle-spoken sort of woman, and would
bear a good deal from a fellow; but she used to fire up some-
times, and that was more than she could stand. « You don't
deserve to be cared about, for speaking like that! ” says she, with
her cheeks as red as peat-coals.
That was right before the children. Mary Ann's eyes were
as big as saucers, and little Nancy was crying at the top of her
lungs, with the baby tuning in, so we knew it was time to stop.
But stopping wasn't ending; and folks can look things that they
don't say.
-
We sat down to supper as glum as pump-handles: there
were some fritters — I never knew anybody beat your mother at
fritters — smoking hot off the stove, and some maple molasses in
one of the best chiny tea-cups; I knew well enough it was just
on purpose for my last night, but I never had a word to say;
and Nancy crumbed up the children's bread with a jerk. Her
cheeks didn't grow any whiter,- it seemed as if they would


## p. 15628 (#582) ##########################################

15628
ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
-
blaze right up; I couldn't help looking at them, for all I pre-
tended not to, for she looked just like a picture.
That supper was a very dreary sort of supper, with the baby
crying, and Nancy getting up between the mouthfuls to walk up
and down the room with him; he was a heavy little chap for a
ten-month-old, and I think she must have been tuckered out with
him all day. I didn't think about it then: a man doesn't notice
such things when he's angry, - it isn't in him; I can't say but
she would if I'd been in her place. I just eat up the fritters and
the maple molasses, - seems to me I told her she ought not to
use the best chiny cup, but I'm not just sure,- and then I took
my pipe and sat down in the corner.
I watched her putting the children to bed; they made her a
great deal of bother, squirming off of her lap and running round
barefoot. Sometimes I used to hold them and talk to them
and help her a bit, when I felt good-natured; but I just sat and
smoked, and let them alone. I was all worked up about that
lamp-wick; and I thought, you see, if she hadn't had any feelings
for me there was no need of my having any for her: if she
had cut the wick, I'd have taken the babies; she hadn't cut the
wick, and I wouldn't take the babies: she might see it if she
wanted to, and think what she pleased. I had been badly treated,
and I meant to show it.
It is strange, Johnny, it really does seem to me very strange,
how easy it is in this world to be always taking care of our
rights. I've thought a great deal about it since I've been grow-
ing old, and there seems to me a good many things we'd better
look after fust.
But you see I hadn't found that out in '41; and so I sat in
the corner, and felt very much abused. I can't say but what
Nancy had pretty much the same idea; for when the young
ones were all in bed at last, she took her knitting and sat down
the other side of the fire, sort of turning her head round and
looking up at the ceiling, as if she were trying her best to for-
get I was there. That was a way she had when I was courting,
and we went along to huskings together, with the moon shining
round.
Well, I kept on smoking, and she kept on looking at the
ceiling, and nobody said a word for a while; till by-and-by the
fire burnt down, and she got up and put on a fresh log.


## p. 15629 (#583) ##########################################

ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
15629
)
>
«I
«You're dreadful wasteful with the wood, Nancy,” says 1,-
bound to say something cross, and that was all I could think of.
« Take care of your own fire, then,” says she, throwing the
log down and standing up as straight as she could stand.
think it's a pity if you haven't anything better to do, the last
night before going in, than to pick everything I do to pieces
this way, and I tired enough to drop, carrying that great crying
child in my arms all day. You ought to be ashamed of yourself,
Aaron Hollis! »
Now if she had cried a little, very like I should have given
up, and that would have been the end of it: for I never could
bear to see a woman cry, - it goes against the grain. But your
mother wasn't one of the crying sort, and she didn't feel like it
that night.
She just stood up there by the fireplace as proud as Queen
Victory; - I don't blame her, Johnny, - oh, no, I don't blame her:
she had the right of it there, I ought to have been ashamed of
myself; but a man never likes to hear that from other folks, and
I put my pipe down on the chimney-shelf so hard I heard it
snap like ice, and I stood up too, and said — but no matter what
I said, I guess. A man's quarrels with his wife always make me
think of what the Scripture says about other folks not intermed-
dling. They're things, in my opinion, that don't concern anybody
else as a general thing; and I couldn't tell what I said without
telling what she said, and I'd rather not do that. Your mother
was as good and patient-tempered a woman as ever lived, Johnny,
and she didn't mean it, and it was I that set her on. Besides,
my words were worst of the two.
Well, well, I'll hurry along just here, for it's not a time I like
to think about; but we had it back and forth there for half an
hour, till we had angered each other up so I couldn't stand it;
and I lifted up my hand, - I would have struck her if she hadn't
been a woman.
“Well,” says I, “Nancy Hollis, I'm sorry for the day I mar-
ried you, and that's the truth, if ever I spoke a true word in my
life! »
Well, I've seen your mother look 'most all sorts of ways in
the course of her life; but I never saw her before, and I never
saw her since, look as she looked that minute. All the blaze
went out in her cheeks, as if somebody had thrown cold water on


## p. 15630 (#584) ##########################################

15630
ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
-
(C
»
it, and she stood there stock still, so white I thought she would
drop.
« «Aaron -” she began, and stopped to catch her breath, -
«Aaron — " but she couldn't get any further; she just caught
hold of a little shawl she had on with both her hands, as if she
thought she could hold herself up by it, and walked right out of
the room. I knew she had gone to bed, for I heard her go up
and shut the door. I stood there a few minutes with my hands
in my pockets, whistling Yankee Doodle. Your mother used
to say men were queer folks, Johnny: they always whistled up
the gayest when they felt the wust. Then I went to the closet
and got another pipe, and I didn't go up-stairs till it was smoked
out.
When I was a young man, Johnny, I used to be that sort of
fellow that couldn't bear to give up beat.
I'd acted like a brute,
and I knew it; but I was too spunky to say. so. So I says to
myself, "If she won't make up first, I won't, and that's the end
on't. ” Very likely she said the same thing, for your mother was
a spirited sort of woman when her temper was up; so there we
were, more like enemies sworn against each other than man and
wife who had loved each other true for fifteen years,- a whole
winter, and danger, and death perhaps, coming between us, too.
I tell you, Johnny, young folks they start in life with very
pretty ideas,- very pretty. But take it as a general thing, they
don't know any more what they're talking about than they do
about each other; and they don't know any more about each
other than they do about the man in the moon. They begin
very nice, with their new carpets and teaspoons, and a little
mending to do, and coming home early evenings to talk; but by-
and-by the shine wears off. Then come the babies, and worry
and wear and temper. About that time they begin to be a little
acquainted, and to find out that there are two wills and two sets
of habits to be fitted somehow, It takes them anywhere along
from one year to three to get jostled down together. As for
smoothing off, there's more or less of that to be done always.
Well, I didn't sleep very well that night, dropping into naps
and waking up. The baby was worrying over his teeth every
half-hour, and Nancy getting up to walk him off to sleep in her
arms; —it was the only way you would be hushed up, and you'd
lie and yell till somebody did it.


## p. 15631 (#585) ##########################################

ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
15631
Now, it wasn't many times since we'd been married that I had
let her do that thing all night long. I used to have a way of
.
getting up to take my turn, and sending her off to sleep. It isn't
a man's business, some folks say. I don't know anything about
. I
that; — maybe if I'd been broiling my brain in book-learning all
day till come night, and I was hard put to it to get my sleep
anyhow, like the parson there, it wouldn't: but all I know is,
what if I had been breaking my back in the potato patch since
morning ? so she'd broken hers over the oven; and what if I did
need nine hours' sound sleep? I could chop and saw without it
next day just as well as she could do the ironing, to say nothing
of my being a great stout fellow,—there wasn't a chap for ten
miles round with my muscle, - and she with those blue veins on
her forehead. Howsomever that may be, I wasn't use to letting
her do it by herself: and so I lay with my eyes shut, and pre-
tended that I was asleep; for I didn't feel like giving in and
speaking up gentle, not about that nor anything else.
I could see her though, between my eyelashes; and I lay
there, every time I woke up, and watched her walking back and
forth, back and forth, up and down, with the heavy little fellow
in her arms, all night long.
I was off very early in the morning; I don't think it could
have been much after three o'clock when I woke up. Nancy
had my breakfast all laid out over night, except the coffee; and
we had fixed it that I was to make up the fire, and get off with-
out waking her, if the baby was very bad. At least, that was
the way I wanted it; but she stuck to it she should be up,—that
was before there'd been any words between us.
The room
was very gray and very still, -I remember just
how it looked, with Nancy's clothes on a chair, and the baby's
shoes lying round. She had got him off to sleep in his cradle,
and had dropped into a nap, poor thing! with her face as white
as the sheet, from watching.
I stopped when I was dressed, half-way out of the room, and
looked round at it — it was so white, Johnny! It would be a
long time before I should see it again,— five months were a long
time; then there was the risk coming down in the freshets- and
the words I'd said last night. I thought, you see, if I should
kiss it once, - I needn't wake her up - maybe I should go off
,-
feeling better. So I stood there looking: she was lying so still,
I couldn't see any more stir to her than if she had her breath


## p. 15632 (#586) ##########################################

15632
ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
held in. I wish I had done it, Johnny,- I can't get over wish-
ing I'd done it, yet. But I was just too proud; and I turned
round and went out, and shut the door.
We were going to meet down at the post-office, the whole
gang of us, and I had quite a spell to walk. I was going in
,
on Bob Stokes's team. I remember how fast I walked, with my
hands in my pockets, looking along up at the stars, - the sun
was putting them out pretty fast, - and trying not to think of
Nancy. But I didn't think of anything else.
It was so early that there wasn't many folks about to see us
off; but Bob Stokes's wife,- she lived nigh the office, just across
the road, -she was there to say good-by, kissing of him, and
crying on his shoulder. I don't know what difference that should
make with Bob Stokes, but I snapped him up well when he
came along and said good-morning.
There were twenty-one of us just, on that gang, in on con-
tract for Dove and Beadle. Dove and Beadle did about the
heaviest thing on woodland of anybody, about that time. Good,
steady men we were, most of us. Yes, though I say it that
shouldn't say it, we were as fine a looking gang as any in the
county, starting off that morning in our red uniform ; – Nancy
took a sight of pains with my shirt, sewing it up stout, for fear
it should bother me ripping, and I with nobody to take a stitch
for me all winter. The boys went off in good spirits, singing till
they were out of sight of town, and waving their caps at their
wives and babies standing in the window along on the way.
I didn't sing. I thought the wind blew too hard — seems to me
that was the reason: I'm sure there must have been a reason,
for I had a voice of my own in those days, and had led the choir
perpetual for five years.
We weren't going in very deep: Dove and Beadle's lots lay
about thirty miles from the nearest house; and a straggling,
lonely sort of place that was too, five miles out of the village,
with nobody but a dog and a deaf old woman in it. Sometimes,
as I was telling you, we had been in a hundred miles from any
human creature but ourselves.
It took us two days to get there, though, with the oxen; and
the teams were loaded down well, with so many axes and the
pork-barrels; - I don't know anything like pork for hefting down
more than you expect it to, reasonable. It was one of your uglý
gray days, growing dark at four o'clock, with snow in the air,


## p. 15633 (#587) ##########################################

ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
15633
-
»
when we hauled up in the lonely place. The trees were blazed
pretty thick, I remember, especially the pines; Dove and Beadle
always had that done up prompt in October. It's pretty work
going in blazing while the sun is warm, and the woods like a
great bonfire with the maples. I used to like it; but your
mother wouldn't hear of it when she could help herself, — it kept
me away so long.
There were three shanties, – they don't often have more than
two or three in one place: they were empty, and the snow had
drifted in; Bob Stokes's oxen were fagged out with their heads
hanging down, and the horses were whinnying for their supper.
Holt had one of his great brush-fires going,- there was nobody
like Holt for making fires,- and the boys were hurrying round
in their red shirts, shouting at the oxen, and singing a little,
some of them low, under their breath, to keep their spirits up.
There was snow as far as you could see, — down the cart-path,
and all around, and away into the woods; and there was snow
in the sky now, setting in for a regular nor'easter. The trees
stood up straight all around without any leaves, and under the
bushes it was as black as pitch.
“Five months,” said I to myself; five months! ”
«What in time's the matter with you, Hollis ? ” says
Bob
Stokes, with a great slap on my arm: "you're giving that 'ere ox
molasses on his hay! ”
Sure enough I was; and he said I acted like a dazed creatur,
and very likely I did. But I couldn't have told Bob the reason.
You see, I knew Nancy was just drawing up her little rocking-
chair - the one with the red cushion-close by the fire, sitting
there with the children to wait for the tea to boil. And I knew
- I couldn't help knowing, if I'd tried hard for it- how she was
crying away softly in the dark, so that none of them could see
her, to think of the words we'd said, and I gone in without ever
making of them up. I was sorry for them then. O Johnny,
O
I was sorry, and she was thirty miles away. I'd got to be sorry
five months, thirty miles away, and couldn't let her know.
The boys said I was poor company that first week, and I
shouldn't wonder if I was. I couldn't seem to get over it any
way, to think I couldn't let her know.
If I could have sent her a scrap of a letter, or a message,
or something, I should have felt better. But there wasn't any
chance of that this long time, unless we got out of pork or
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156 34
ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD
fodder, and had to send down, - which we didn't expect to, for
we'd laid in more than usual.
We had two pretty rough weeks' work to begin with; for the
worst storms of the season set in, and kept in, and I never saw
their like before or since. It seemed as if there'd never be an
end to them. Storm after storm, blow after blow, freeze after
freeze; half a day's sunshine, and then at it again! We were
well tired of it before they stopped; it made the boys homesick.
However, we kept at work pretty brisk,- lumbermen aren't
the fellows to be put out for a snow-storm, - cutting and haul-
ing and sawing, out in the sleet and wind. Bob Stokes froze his
left foot that second week, and I was frost-bitten pretty badly
myself.
Cullen he was the boss — he was well out of sorts, I
tell you, before the sun came out, and cross enough to bite a
tenpenny nail in two.
But when the sun is out, it isn't so bad a kind of life after
all. At work all day, with a good hot dinner in the middle; then
back to the shanties at dark, to as rousing a fire and tiptop
swagan as anybody could ask for. Holt was cook that season,
and Holt couldn't be beaten on his swagan.
Now you don't mean to say you don't know what swagan is ?
Well, well! To think of it! All I have to say is, you don't know
what's good then. Beans and pork and bread and molasses,-
that's swagan,
- all stirred up in a great kettle, and boiled to-
gether; and I don't know anything — not even your mother's frit-
ters — I'd give more for a taste of now.