Fabricius
gives an enume-
787.
787.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
587) in the reign
the command against the Goths in Italy. He of the emperor Maurice, was chosen general by the
undertook the charge with great zeal, and expended troops who guarded the eastern frontier, and who
in the collection of a suitable force a larger amount had, by their mutinous behaviour, put their com-
from his private fortune than the emperor contri- mander, Priscns, to flight. During the reign of
buted from the public revenue. His sons Justin Phocas, we find a Germanus, apparently the same,
and Justinian were to serve under him, and he holding the military command on the same frontier.
was to be accompanied by his second wife, Mata- Narses, a Roman (or Byzantine) general, having
suntha (Matagoûvea), an Ostro-Gothic princess, revolted and taken possession of Edessa, Germanus
widow of the Gothic king Vitiges, and grand was ordered to besiege the town, and was there
daughter of the great Theodoric. His liberality defeated and mortally wounded (A. D. 604) by a
and high reputation soon attracted a large army of Persian army, which Chosroes or Khosru 11. , whose
veterans ; many soldiers formerly in the pay of the assistance the rebel had implored, sent to his relief.
empire, now in that of the Goths, promised to (Theophan. Chronog. vol. i. p. 451, ed. Bonn; Theo-
desert to him, and he had reason to hope that his phylact. Simocat. Hist. iii. 2, 3, and ap. Phot. Bill.
connection with their royal family would dispose cod. 65; Zonar. xiv. 14 ; Cedren. vol. i. p. 710,
the Goths themselves to submit. The mere terror ed. Bonn. )
of his name caused the retreat of a Slavonic horde 6. AUTISSIODORENSIS, or St. GERMAIN of
who had crossed the Danube to attack Thessa- AUXERRE, one of the most eminent of the early
loneica ; and he was on his march, with the bright- saints of the Gallic church, lived a little before the
est prospects, into Italy, when he died, after a overthrow of the western empire. He was born at
short illness, at Sardica in Illyricum. He had, Auxerre, about A. D. 378, of a good family, and at
beside the children above mentioned by his first first followed the profession of the bar. Having em-
wife, a posthumous son by Matasuntha, called, braced the Christian religion, and entered the church,
after him, Germanus. (Procopins, De Bell. Vandal. | he was ordained deacon by Amator, bishop of Aux-
ii. 16–19, De Bello Persico, ii. 6, 7, De Bello erre, and on his death shortly after was unanimously
Gothico, iii. 12, 31-33, 37—40, Hist. Arcana, chosen his successor, and held the see from A. D.
c. 5, with the notes of Alemannus; Theophan. 418 to 449. He was eminent for his zeal against
Chronog. vol. i. p. 316, &c. , ed. Bonn. )
heresy, his success as a preacher, his holiness, and
3. One of the generals of the emperor Tiberius the miracles which he is said to have wrought.
II. The emperor manifested his esteem for him Among the remarkable incidents of his life were
by giving him his daughter Charito in marriage his two visits to Britain, the first in or about a. D.
(A. D. 582), on which occasion he received the title 429 and 430; the second in A. D. 446 or 447,
of Caesar. Another daughter of Tiberius was i shortly before his death, which, according to Bede,
married to Mauricius or Maurice, afterwards em- took place at Ravenna, in Italy, apparently in A. D.
peror. (Theophan. Chronog. p. 388, ed. Bonn ; 448. His transactions in Britain were among the
Zonar. xiv. 11. )
inost important of his life, especially in his first
4. The patrician, contemporary with the emperor visit, when he was sent over by a council, with Lupus
Mauricius or Maurice, is perhaps the same as No. Trecasenus or Trecassinus (St. Loup of Troyes),
2. Theodosius, the son of Maurice, married his as his associate, to check the spread of Pelagianism.
daughter A. D. 602. During the revolt which closed He was successful not only in the main object of
the reign and life of Maurice, Theodosius and Germa- his mission, but also in repelling in a very remark-
nus left Constantinople on a hunting excursion, and able manner an incursion of the Saxons, who were
while absent had some communication with the re struck with panic by the Britons (who, under the
volted troops under Phocas, who offered the im- guidance of Germanus, were advancing to repel
perial crown to either or both of them (A. D. 602). them), raising a shout of “ Alleluia. " This inci-
On their return to Constantinople, Maurice accused dent occurred before the commencement of the
Germanus of conspiring against him, and Germanus Saxon conquest under Hengist, during the first
in alarm fled to one of the churches in Constanti- | visit of Germanus. The writings of Germanus
S 4
## p. 264 (#280) ############################################
264
GERMANUS.
GERMANUS.
are unimportant. One of them, which is not now he discharged the functions of his office at Nice, in
extant, but which Nennius quotes (c. 50), contained Bithynia, Constantinople itself being then in the
an account of the death of the British king, Guor- hands of the Latins. He was anxious for the
tigirnus or Vortigern. (Nennius, Histor. c. 30— union of the Greek and Latin churches, and wrote
50; Baeda, De Sex Actat. , and Hist. Eccles. to the pope Gregory IX. a letter, of which a Latin
Gent. Anglor. i. c. 17—21, Actu Sanctor. Julii, version is included among the letters of that pope,
31, vol. vii.
and is given, with the version of a letter of Ger-
7. Of CONSTANTINOPLE, was the son of the manus to the cardinals, and the pope's answer,
patrician Justinian, who was put to death by the by Matthew Paris. (1/istoria Major, p. 457, &c. ,
emperor Constantine IV. Pogonatus, by whom Ger- ed. Wats, fol. Lond. 1640. ) The letters are assigned
manus himself was castrated, apparently on account by Matthew Paris to the year 1237, instead of
of his murmurs at his father's death. Germanus 1232, which is their proper date. The emperor
was translated A. D. 715 from the archbishoprick of Joannes Ducas Vataces was also favourable to the
Cyzicus, which he had previously held, to the putri- union, and a conference was held in his presence by
archal see of Constantinople. About two years after Germanus and some ecclesiastics sent by the pope.
wards he negotiated the abdication of Theodosius A council on the subject was afterwards held (A. D.
III. in favour of Leo III. the Isaurian, with whom 1233) at Nymphaci, in Bithynia, but it came to
he was subscquently involved in a contest on the nothing. Oudin affirms that afier the failure of this
subject of the use of images in worship. It is pro- negotiation, Gerinanus became as hostile to the
bable that some difference between them had com- Romish church as he had before been friendly.
menced before Germanus was called upon to baptize According to Cave and Oudin, Germanus was
Constantinc, the infant son of Leo, afterwards the deposed A. D. 1240, restored in 1254, and died
emperor Constantine V. Copronymus. The infant shortly after ; and their statement is confirmed by
polluted the baptismal font (whence his surname), Nicephorus Gregoras (Hist. Byzunt. ii. 1, p. 55,
and the angry patriarch declared prophetically that ed. Bonn), who says that he died a little before the
“ much evil would come to the church and to reli- election of Theodore Lascaris II. , in A. D. 1254 or
gion through him. " Germanus vehemently opposed 1255. According to other statements, founded on
the iconoclastic measures of Leo ; and his pertina- a passage in George Acropolita, c. 43, Germanus
cious resistance occasioned his deposition, A. D. died A. D. 1239 or 1240.
730. He was succeeded by Anastasius, an oppo- The writings of Germanus are very numerous,
nent of images, and the party of the Iconoclasts ob- and comprehend, 1. Epistolae. Beside those pube
tained a temporary triumph. Germanus died A. D. lished in the Historia Major of Matthew Paris,
740. He was anathematised at a council of the there are two, Ad Cyprios, in the Monumenta Eo
Iconoclasts held at Constantinople A. D. 754, in the cles. Graec. of Cotelerius, vol. i. p. 462. 2. Ora-
reign of Constantine Copronymus; but after the tiones, and Homiliae. These are published, some
overthrow of that party he was regarded with in the Homiliae Sacrae of David Hoeschelius ;
reverence, and is reckoned both by the Latin and others in the Auctarium of Ducaeus, vol. ii. , in the
Greek churches as a confessor.
Auctarium of Combefis, vol. i. , in the collection of
Several works of Germanus are extant. 1. Tepl Gretser De Cruce, vol. ii. , and in the Originum Re-
των αγίων οικουμενικών συνόδων: πόσαι εισι, και rumque CPolitanarum Manipulus of Combetis, and in
TÓTe Kal dià ti ovvndpolo onoarOf the General some editions of the Bibliotheca Patrum, 3. De-
Councils ; how many they are, and when, and on creta. Three of these are published in the Jus
what account they were assembled. This work, in an Graeco-Romanum of Leunclavius, lib. iii. p. 232, and
imperfect form, and without the author's name, in the Jus Orientale of Bonefidius. 4. Idiomelum in
was, with the Nomocanon of Photius, published by Festum Annunciationis, in the Auctarium of Com-
Christopher Justellus, 4to. Paris, 1615: it is also befis. 5. Rerum Ecclesiasticarum Theoria, or Er
contained in the Bibliotheca Canonica of Henry positio in Liturgiam, given in Greek and Latin in
Justellus; but was first given in a complete form, the Auctariuin of Ducaeus and the Graec. Eicles.
and with the author's name, in the Varia Sacra of Monum, of Cotelerius. There is some difficulty
Le Moyne. Epistolae. Three letters addressed in distinguishing his writings from those of the
to different bishops, are in the Acta of the Second elder Germanus of Constantinople. Many of his
Nicene, or Seventh General Council, held A. D. works are unpublished.
Fabricius gives an enume-
787. 3. Homiliue, included in the Collection of ration of them. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 162;
Pantinus (8vo. Antwerp, 1601); the Auctarium of Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. ii. p. 289; Oudin. De Script
Ducaeus, tom. ii. ; and the Norum Auctarium, Ecc. vol. ii. col. 52, &c. )
and the Originum rerumque Constantinopolitanarum 8. Of CONSTANTINOPLE, was bishop of Adria-
Manipulus Combefis. Latin versions of them nople, and a friend of the emperor Michael Falaeo-
are in the various editions of the Bibliotheca Patrum. logus, at whose solicitation he was elected patriarch
4. A work mentioned by Photius, but now lost, of Constantinople by a synod held A. D. 1267. He
against those who disparaged or corrupted the unwillingly accepted the office ; and resigned it
writings of Gregory Nyssen. 5. Commentaries on the within a few months, and retired to a monastery,
writings of the pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita. (Theo- in consequence of the opposition made to his ap-
phan. Chronog. vol. i. pp. 539, 599–630; Phot. pointment, either on the ground of some irregu-
Bibl. cod. 233; Zonaras, xiv. 20; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. larity in his translation, or more probably of his
vol. vii. p. 10, vol. viii. p. 84, vol. xi
. pp. 155—162 ; holding the patriarchate, while his deposed pre-
Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 621, ed. Oxford, 1740–43. ) decessor, Arsenius, was living. He was a learned
8. OF CONSTANTINOPLE, the younger, was born man, of mild disposition, polished manners, and
at Anaplus on the Propontis, and before his eleva- irreproachable morals. He was afterwards one of
tion to the patriarchate (A. D. 1222) was a monk of the ambassadors of the emperor to the fourteenth
piety and learning. Though counted in the suc- General Council, that of Lyon (A. D. 1277), and
cession of the Greek patriarchs of Constantinople, there supported the union of the Greek and Latin
$
1
:
## p. 265 (#281) ############################################
GERONTIUS.
265
GESIUS.
1
+
99
1
.
churches. 'He does not appear to have left any own life, after first killing, at their own request,
writings, but the Decreta of Germanus II. of Con- his wife, and a faithful Alan friend or servant, who
stantinople, contained in the Jus Graeco-Romanum accompanied him. The wife of Gerontius is ex-
of Leunclavius, have been sometimes improperly pressly said by Sozomen to have been a Christian ;
ascribed to him. (Niceph. Gregor. Hist. Byzant. the silence of the historian leads us to suppose that
iv. 5, 8; Georg. Phranza, Chronicon, i. 3 ; Fabr. Gerontius himself was a heathen. His revolt, by
Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 170, &c. , L'Art de Vérifier preventing Constantine from holding the barba-
les Dates. )
[J. C. M. ] rians in check, led to the assumption of indepen-
GERMI'NUS, PAULUS (Taños requivos), dence in self-defence by the Britons and Armoricans,
or Paulus of Mysia (Navaos d éx Muolas), wrote (Zosim. vi. 1-6; Oros. y. 22 ; Prosp. Aquit.
some commentaries on the orations of Lysias. Chron. ; Beda, Hist. Eccl. i. 11; Sozom. H. E.
Photius says he had caused the loss of many of that ix. 12, 13; Olympiod. apud Phot. Bibl. cod.
orator's finest productions, by asserting that they 80. ).
(J. C. M. )
were spurious, and thus leading men to neglect GERO'NTIUS, bishop of Nicomedeia He was
them : a remarkable evidence of the credit attached ordained or acted as deacon at Milan under Am-
to the judgment of Paulus. Paulus ascribed to brose (AMBROSIUS), but having asserted that he
Lysias the two pieces llepl this ’lqıkpátous dupeas had in the night seen the she-daemon Onoscelis (i. e.
De Dono Iphicratis. (Phot. Bibl. cod. 262; Suidas, “the asslegs," so called from her form), had seized
s. v. llaŭios Cepuivos; Fabr. Bibl. Gr. vol. ii. her, shaved her head, and set her to grind in the
pp. 766,770. )
(J. C. M. ] mill, Ambrosius, deeming the relator of such tales
GERON (répar), that is, "the old man ; unfit for the deaconship, ordered him to remain at
under this name Nereus was worshipped at Gy- home for some time, and purify himself by peni-
thium in Laconia. (Paus. i. 23. $ 8; comp. Hes. tence or penance. Gerontius, instead of obeying,
Theog. 234. )
(L. S. ] went to Constantinople, and being a man of win-
GEROʻNTIUS. 1. A Roman officer (Am- ning address, made friends at the court there, and
mianus calls bim “comes ") who embraced the party obtained by their means the bishoprick of Nico-
of Magnentius, and was condemned by the em- medeia, to which he was ordained by Helladius,
peror Constantius II. when at Arelate (Arles), bishop of Caesareia in Cappadocia, for whose son
A. D. 353, to be tortured and banished. (Amm. he had, by his interest, procured a high military
Marc. xiv. 5. )
appointment at court. Ambrose, hearing of his
2. A Briton, one of the two generals appointed appointment, wrote to Nectarius, bishop of Con-
by the usurper Constantine to command his army, stantinople (who held that see from a. D. 381 to
after the death of his first generals, Neviogastes 397) to depose Gerontius, and so prevent the con-
and Justinian. The reputation of Gerontius and tinuance of so glaring a violation of all ecclesiastical
his colleague (Edovinchus, a Frank) is attested by order. Nectarius, however, could effect nothing ;
the fact that Šarus, whom Stilicho had sent to at- but when Chrysostom, two years after his accession
tack Constantine, and who was besieging the to the patriarchate, visited the Asiatic part of his
usurper in Vienna (Vienne), in Gaul, prepared for province (A. D. 399), Gerontius was deposed. The.
a retreat when he heard of their appointment, and people of Nicomedeia, to whom his kindness and
escaped with loss and difficulty into Italy (A. D. attention, shown alike to rich and poor, and the
408).
benefits of his medical skill, for which he was emi-
When Constans, son of Constantine, whom his nent, had endeared him, refused to acknowledge
father had sent to subdue Spain, returned, after his successor, Pansophius, and went about the
effecting the subjugation of that country, to his streets of Nicomedeia and of Constantinople, sing-
father in Gaul, he left Gerontius to guard the ing hymns and praying for the restoration of Ge-
passes of the Pyrenees. Being sent back again, be rontius. They served to swell the number of the
took Justus with him as his general, and this enemies of Chrysostom ; and in the synod of the
offended the proud spirit of Gerontius, and induced Oak (A. D. 403), Gerontius appeared as one of
him to revolt (4. D. 408). His first step was to his accusers. (Sozom. H. E. viii. 8; Phot. Bibl.
negotiate with the barbarians (probably the Van- cod. 59. )
[J. C. M. )
dals, Alans, and Suevi), who were ravaging Gaul GERO'STRATUS (Impootpatos), king of
and Spain, and the troubles he excited appear to Aradus, in Phoenicia, was serving, together with
hare recalled Constantine from Italy, whither he the other princes of Phoenicia and Cyprus, in the
had gone apparently, to assist, but really to de- Persian fleet, under Autophradates, when Alex-
throne Honorius. After his return, he was at ander, after the battle of Issus, advanced into
tacked by Gerontius. The insurgents had driven Phoenicia But his son Straton hastened to sub-
Constans out of Spain, where Gerontius had declared mit to the conqueror, and Gerostratus himself soon
his friend (or perhaps his servant) Maximus empe- after joined Alexander, with the squadron under
ror, and left him at Tarragona; and Constans his command. Several of the other princes did
being taken at Vienna (Vienne), was slain by order the same, and the opportune accession of this naval
of Gerontius, and Constantine himself was be force was of the most essential service to Alexan.
sieged by Gerontius in Arles. But the approach of der in the siege of Tyre, B. C. 332. (Arrian, ii.
the command against the Goths in Italy. He of the emperor Maurice, was chosen general by the
undertook the charge with great zeal, and expended troops who guarded the eastern frontier, and who
in the collection of a suitable force a larger amount had, by their mutinous behaviour, put their com-
from his private fortune than the emperor contri- mander, Priscns, to flight. During the reign of
buted from the public revenue. His sons Justin Phocas, we find a Germanus, apparently the same,
and Justinian were to serve under him, and he holding the military command on the same frontier.
was to be accompanied by his second wife, Mata- Narses, a Roman (or Byzantine) general, having
suntha (Matagoûvea), an Ostro-Gothic princess, revolted and taken possession of Edessa, Germanus
widow of the Gothic king Vitiges, and grand was ordered to besiege the town, and was there
daughter of the great Theodoric. His liberality defeated and mortally wounded (A. D. 604) by a
and high reputation soon attracted a large army of Persian army, which Chosroes or Khosru 11. , whose
veterans ; many soldiers formerly in the pay of the assistance the rebel had implored, sent to his relief.
empire, now in that of the Goths, promised to (Theophan. Chronog. vol. i. p. 451, ed. Bonn; Theo-
desert to him, and he had reason to hope that his phylact. Simocat. Hist. iii. 2, 3, and ap. Phot. Bill.
connection with their royal family would dispose cod. 65; Zonar. xiv. 14 ; Cedren. vol. i. p. 710,
the Goths themselves to submit. The mere terror ed. Bonn. )
of his name caused the retreat of a Slavonic horde 6. AUTISSIODORENSIS, or St. GERMAIN of
who had crossed the Danube to attack Thessa- AUXERRE, one of the most eminent of the early
loneica ; and he was on his march, with the bright- saints of the Gallic church, lived a little before the
est prospects, into Italy, when he died, after a overthrow of the western empire. He was born at
short illness, at Sardica in Illyricum. He had, Auxerre, about A. D. 378, of a good family, and at
beside the children above mentioned by his first first followed the profession of the bar. Having em-
wife, a posthumous son by Matasuntha, called, braced the Christian religion, and entered the church,
after him, Germanus. (Procopins, De Bell. Vandal. | he was ordained deacon by Amator, bishop of Aux-
ii. 16–19, De Bello Persico, ii. 6, 7, De Bello erre, and on his death shortly after was unanimously
Gothico, iii. 12, 31-33, 37—40, Hist. Arcana, chosen his successor, and held the see from A. D.
c. 5, with the notes of Alemannus; Theophan. 418 to 449. He was eminent for his zeal against
Chronog. vol. i. p. 316, &c. , ed. Bonn. )
heresy, his success as a preacher, his holiness, and
3. One of the generals of the emperor Tiberius the miracles which he is said to have wrought.
II. The emperor manifested his esteem for him Among the remarkable incidents of his life were
by giving him his daughter Charito in marriage his two visits to Britain, the first in or about a. D.
(A. D. 582), on which occasion he received the title 429 and 430; the second in A. D. 446 or 447,
of Caesar. Another daughter of Tiberius was i shortly before his death, which, according to Bede,
married to Mauricius or Maurice, afterwards em- took place at Ravenna, in Italy, apparently in A. D.
peror. (Theophan. Chronog. p. 388, ed. Bonn ; 448. His transactions in Britain were among the
Zonar. xiv. 11. )
inost important of his life, especially in his first
4. The patrician, contemporary with the emperor visit, when he was sent over by a council, with Lupus
Mauricius or Maurice, is perhaps the same as No. Trecasenus or Trecassinus (St. Loup of Troyes),
2. Theodosius, the son of Maurice, married his as his associate, to check the spread of Pelagianism.
daughter A. D. 602. During the revolt which closed He was successful not only in the main object of
the reign and life of Maurice, Theodosius and Germa- his mission, but also in repelling in a very remark-
nus left Constantinople on a hunting excursion, and able manner an incursion of the Saxons, who were
while absent had some communication with the re struck with panic by the Britons (who, under the
volted troops under Phocas, who offered the im- guidance of Germanus, were advancing to repel
perial crown to either or both of them (A. D. 602). them), raising a shout of “ Alleluia. " This inci-
On their return to Constantinople, Maurice accused dent occurred before the commencement of the
Germanus of conspiring against him, and Germanus Saxon conquest under Hengist, during the first
in alarm fled to one of the churches in Constanti- | visit of Germanus. The writings of Germanus
S 4
## p. 264 (#280) ############################################
264
GERMANUS.
GERMANUS.
are unimportant. One of them, which is not now he discharged the functions of his office at Nice, in
extant, but which Nennius quotes (c. 50), contained Bithynia, Constantinople itself being then in the
an account of the death of the British king, Guor- hands of the Latins. He was anxious for the
tigirnus or Vortigern. (Nennius, Histor. c. 30— union of the Greek and Latin churches, and wrote
50; Baeda, De Sex Actat. , and Hist. Eccles. to the pope Gregory IX. a letter, of which a Latin
Gent. Anglor. i. c. 17—21, Actu Sanctor. Julii, version is included among the letters of that pope,
31, vol. vii.
and is given, with the version of a letter of Ger-
7. Of CONSTANTINOPLE, was the son of the manus to the cardinals, and the pope's answer,
patrician Justinian, who was put to death by the by Matthew Paris. (1/istoria Major, p. 457, &c. ,
emperor Constantine IV. Pogonatus, by whom Ger- ed. Wats, fol. Lond. 1640. ) The letters are assigned
manus himself was castrated, apparently on account by Matthew Paris to the year 1237, instead of
of his murmurs at his father's death. Germanus 1232, which is their proper date. The emperor
was translated A. D. 715 from the archbishoprick of Joannes Ducas Vataces was also favourable to the
Cyzicus, which he had previously held, to the putri- union, and a conference was held in his presence by
archal see of Constantinople. About two years after Germanus and some ecclesiastics sent by the pope.
wards he negotiated the abdication of Theodosius A council on the subject was afterwards held (A. D.
III. in favour of Leo III. the Isaurian, with whom 1233) at Nymphaci, in Bithynia, but it came to
he was subscquently involved in a contest on the nothing. Oudin affirms that afier the failure of this
subject of the use of images in worship. It is pro- negotiation, Gerinanus became as hostile to the
bable that some difference between them had com- Romish church as he had before been friendly.
menced before Germanus was called upon to baptize According to Cave and Oudin, Germanus was
Constantinc, the infant son of Leo, afterwards the deposed A. D. 1240, restored in 1254, and died
emperor Constantine V. Copronymus. The infant shortly after ; and their statement is confirmed by
polluted the baptismal font (whence his surname), Nicephorus Gregoras (Hist. Byzunt. ii. 1, p. 55,
and the angry patriarch declared prophetically that ed. Bonn), who says that he died a little before the
“ much evil would come to the church and to reli- election of Theodore Lascaris II. , in A. D. 1254 or
gion through him. " Germanus vehemently opposed 1255. According to other statements, founded on
the iconoclastic measures of Leo ; and his pertina- a passage in George Acropolita, c. 43, Germanus
cious resistance occasioned his deposition, A. D. died A. D. 1239 or 1240.
730. He was succeeded by Anastasius, an oppo- The writings of Germanus are very numerous,
nent of images, and the party of the Iconoclasts ob- and comprehend, 1. Epistolae. Beside those pube
tained a temporary triumph. Germanus died A. D. lished in the Historia Major of Matthew Paris,
740. He was anathematised at a council of the there are two, Ad Cyprios, in the Monumenta Eo
Iconoclasts held at Constantinople A. D. 754, in the cles. Graec. of Cotelerius, vol. i. p. 462. 2. Ora-
reign of Constantine Copronymus; but after the tiones, and Homiliae. These are published, some
overthrow of that party he was regarded with in the Homiliae Sacrae of David Hoeschelius ;
reverence, and is reckoned both by the Latin and others in the Auctarium of Ducaeus, vol. ii. , in the
Greek churches as a confessor.
Auctarium of Combefis, vol. i. , in the collection of
Several works of Germanus are extant. 1. Tepl Gretser De Cruce, vol. ii. , and in the Originum Re-
των αγίων οικουμενικών συνόδων: πόσαι εισι, και rumque CPolitanarum Manipulus of Combetis, and in
TÓTe Kal dià ti ovvndpolo onoarOf the General some editions of the Bibliotheca Patrum, 3. De-
Councils ; how many they are, and when, and on creta. Three of these are published in the Jus
what account they were assembled. This work, in an Graeco-Romanum of Leunclavius, lib. iii. p. 232, and
imperfect form, and without the author's name, in the Jus Orientale of Bonefidius. 4. Idiomelum in
was, with the Nomocanon of Photius, published by Festum Annunciationis, in the Auctarium of Com-
Christopher Justellus, 4to. Paris, 1615: it is also befis. 5. Rerum Ecclesiasticarum Theoria, or Er
contained in the Bibliotheca Canonica of Henry positio in Liturgiam, given in Greek and Latin in
Justellus; but was first given in a complete form, the Auctariuin of Ducaeus and the Graec. Eicles.
and with the author's name, in the Varia Sacra of Monum, of Cotelerius. There is some difficulty
Le Moyne. Epistolae. Three letters addressed in distinguishing his writings from those of the
to different bishops, are in the Acta of the Second elder Germanus of Constantinople. Many of his
Nicene, or Seventh General Council, held A. D. works are unpublished.
Fabricius gives an enume-
787. 3. Homiliue, included in the Collection of ration of them. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 162;
Pantinus (8vo. Antwerp, 1601); the Auctarium of Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. ii. p. 289; Oudin. De Script
Ducaeus, tom. ii. ; and the Norum Auctarium, Ecc. vol. ii. col. 52, &c. )
and the Originum rerumque Constantinopolitanarum 8. Of CONSTANTINOPLE, was bishop of Adria-
Manipulus Combefis. Latin versions of them nople, and a friend of the emperor Michael Falaeo-
are in the various editions of the Bibliotheca Patrum. logus, at whose solicitation he was elected patriarch
4. A work mentioned by Photius, but now lost, of Constantinople by a synod held A. D. 1267. He
against those who disparaged or corrupted the unwillingly accepted the office ; and resigned it
writings of Gregory Nyssen. 5. Commentaries on the within a few months, and retired to a monastery,
writings of the pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita. (Theo- in consequence of the opposition made to his ap-
phan. Chronog. vol. i. pp. 539, 599–630; Phot. pointment, either on the ground of some irregu-
Bibl. cod. 233; Zonaras, xiv. 20; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. larity in his translation, or more probably of his
vol. vii. p. 10, vol. viii. p. 84, vol. xi
. pp. 155—162 ; holding the patriarchate, while his deposed pre-
Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 621, ed. Oxford, 1740–43. ) decessor, Arsenius, was living. He was a learned
8. OF CONSTANTINOPLE, the younger, was born man, of mild disposition, polished manners, and
at Anaplus on the Propontis, and before his eleva- irreproachable morals. He was afterwards one of
tion to the patriarchate (A. D. 1222) was a monk of the ambassadors of the emperor to the fourteenth
piety and learning. Though counted in the suc- General Council, that of Lyon (A. D. 1277), and
cession of the Greek patriarchs of Constantinople, there supported the union of the Greek and Latin
$
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GERONTIUS.
265
GESIUS.
1
+
99
1
.
churches. 'He does not appear to have left any own life, after first killing, at their own request,
writings, but the Decreta of Germanus II. of Con- his wife, and a faithful Alan friend or servant, who
stantinople, contained in the Jus Graeco-Romanum accompanied him. The wife of Gerontius is ex-
of Leunclavius, have been sometimes improperly pressly said by Sozomen to have been a Christian ;
ascribed to him. (Niceph. Gregor. Hist. Byzant. the silence of the historian leads us to suppose that
iv. 5, 8; Georg. Phranza, Chronicon, i. 3 ; Fabr. Gerontius himself was a heathen. His revolt, by
Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 170, &c. , L'Art de Vérifier preventing Constantine from holding the barba-
les Dates. )
[J. C. M. ] rians in check, led to the assumption of indepen-
GERMI'NUS, PAULUS (Taños requivos), dence in self-defence by the Britons and Armoricans,
or Paulus of Mysia (Navaos d éx Muolas), wrote (Zosim. vi. 1-6; Oros. y. 22 ; Prosp. Aquit.
some commentaries on the orations of Lysias. Chron. ; Beda, Hist. Eccl. i. 11; Sozom. H. E.
Photius says he had caused the loss of many of that ix. 12, 13; Olympiod. apud Phot. Bibl. cod.
orator's finest productions, by asserting that they 80. ).
(J. C. M. )
were spurious, and thus leading men to neglect GERO'NTIUS, bishop of Nicomedeia He was
them : a remarkable evidence of the credit attached ordained or acted as deacon at Milan under Am-
to the judgment of Paulus. Paulus ascribed to brose (AMBROSIUS), but having asserted that he
Lysias the two pieces llepl this ’lqıkpátous dupeas had in the night seen the she-daemon Onoscelis (i. e.
De Dono Iphicratis. (Phot. Bibl. cod. 262; Suidas, “the asslegs," so called from her form), had seized
s. v. llaŭios Cepuivos; Fabr. Bibl. Gr. vol. ii. her, shaved her head, and set her to grind in the
pp. 766,770. )
(J. C. M. ] mill, Ambrosius, deeming the relator of such tales
GERON (répar), that is, "the old man ; unfit for the deaconship, ordered him to remain at
under this name Nereus was worshipped at Gy- home for some time, and purify himself by peni-
thium in Laconia. (Paus. i. 23. $ 8; comp. Hes. tence or penance. Gerontius, instead of obeying,
Theog. 234. )
(L. S. ] went to Constantinople, and being a man of win-
GEROʻNTIUS. 1. A Roman officer (Am- ning address, made friends at the court there, and
mianus calls bim “comes ") who embraced the party obtained by their means the bishoprick of Nico-
of Magnentius, and was condemned by the em- medeia, to which he was ordained by Helladius,
peror Constantius II. when at Arelate (Arles), bishop of Caesareia in Cappadocia, for whose son
A. D. 353, to be tortured and banished. (Amm. he had, by his interest, procured a high military
Marc. xiv. 5. )
appointment at court. Ambrose, hearing of his
2. A Briton, one of the two generals appointed appointment, wrote to Nectarius, bishop of Con-
by the usurper Constantine to command his army, stantinople (who held that see from a. D. 381 to
after the death of his first generals, Neviogastes 397) to depose Gerontius, and so prevent the con-
and Justinian. The reputation of Gerontius and tinuance of so glaring a violation of all ecclesiastical
his colleague (Edovinchus, a Frank) is attested by order. Nectarius, however, could effect nothing ;
the fact that Šarus, whom Stilicho had sent to at- but when Chrysostom, two years after his accession
tack Constantine, and who was besieging the to the patriarchate, visited the Asiatic part of his
usurper in Vienna (Vienne), in Gaul, prepared for province (A. D. 399), Gerontius was deposed. The.
a retreat when he heard of their appointment, and people of Nicomedeia, to whom his kindness and
escaped with loss and difficulty into Italy (A. D. attention, shown alike to rich and poor, and the
408).
benefits of his medical skill, for which he was emi-
When Constans, son of Constantine, whom his nent, had endeared him, refused to acknowledge
father had sent to subdue Spain, returned, after his successor, Pansophius, and went about the
effecting the subjugation of that country, to his streets of Nicomedeia and of Constantinople, sing-
father in Gaul, he left Gerontius to guard the ing hymns and praying for the restoration of Ge-
passes of the Pyrenees. Being sent back again, be rontius. They served to swell the number of the
took Justus with him as his general, and this enemies of Chrysostom ; and in the synod of the
offended the proud spirit of Gerontius, and induced Oak (A. D. 403), Gerontius appeared as one of
him to revolt (4. D. 408). His first step was to his accusers. (Sozom. H. E. viii. 8; Phot. Bibl.
negotiate with the barbarians (probably the Van- cod. 59. )
[J. C. M. )
dals, Alans, and Suevi), who were ravaging Gaul GERO'STRATUS (Impootpatos), king of
and Spain, and the troubles he excited appear to Aradus, in Phoenicia, was serving, together with
hare recalled Constantine from Italy, whither he the other princes of Phoenicia and Cyprus, in the
had gone apparently, to assist, but really to de- Persian fleet, under Autophradates, when Alex-
throne Honorius. After his return, he was at ander, after the battle of Issus, advanced into
tacked by Gerontius. The insurgents had driven Phoenicia But his son Straton hastened to sub-
Constans out of Spain, where Gerontius had declared mit to the conqueror, and Gerostratus himself soon
his friend (or perhaps his servant) Maximus empe- after joined Alexander, with the squadron under
ror, and left him at Tarragona; and Constans his command. Several of the other princes did
being taken at Vienna (Vienne), was slain by order the same, and the opportune accession of this naval
of Gerontius, and Constantine himself was be force was of the most essential service to Alexan.
sieged by Gerontius in Arles. But the approach of der in the siege of Tyre, B. C. 332. (Arrian, ii.
