my lord, you're too
obsequious
now.
Thomas Otway
Yet Otway was the son of a
loyalist, and ever faithful to the Court. Nor was Charles incapable
of appreciating talent. But Otway, to use his own words, only got the
"pension of a prince's praise"; and a gracious command to lampoon the
greatest statesman of the time, which he did accordingly. Praise of one
who cannot be a rival is an inexpensive form of present. It appears,
however, that two of the royal mistresses were more generous--Nell
Gwynne and the Duchess of Portsmouth, whose bounty, "extended to him in
his last extremity," he extols in the dedication of _Venice Preserved_.
Otway had withdrawn from the importunate clamour of creditors to an
obscure public-house, the sign of the Bull, on Tower Hill; and here,
on the 14th of April, 1685, at the premature age of thirty-four, he
died. His body was conveyed thence to the Church of St. Clement Danes,
and there deposited in a vault. About the circumstances of his death
there is a conflict of evidence. The story that has gained currency is
probably not the true one; only one early biographer is our authority
for it. He states that, having long been insufficiently fed, Otway
one day sallied forth in a starving state, and begged a shilling from
a gentleman in a coffee house, saying, "I am the poet Otway. " This
person, surprised and distressed, gave him a guinea. With it he bought
a roll of bread, and began to devour it with the rage of hunger; but,
incapable of swallowing from long abstinence, he was choked with
the first mouthful. Other writers make no mention of this incident,
and Wood is not only silent on the subject, but states that in his
"sickness" (implying gradual decay) he composed a congratulatory poem
on the inauguration of James II. Spence, moreover, who had the anecdote
from Dennis the critic, tells quite a different story. He relates that
Otway had an intimate friend named Blakiston, who was murdered in the
street, and that, to revenge the deed, Otway pursued the assassin on
foot as far as Dover, where he was seized with a fever, occasioned by
fatigue, privation, and excitement. On his return to London, being
heated, he drank water, which was the immediate occasion of his death.
Yet undoubtedly insufficient nourishment must have accelerated his end.
It is quite possible, therefore, that the anecdote about the guinea and
the roll may be substantially true, although this circumstance may not
have been the actual cause of death.
The ardour and constancy of Otway's personal attachments are very
notable all through his career--witness his friendship with Shadwell
(though Mr. Gosse strangely calls Shadwell his enemy), with an unknown
person whom he names _Senander_, and especially with Duke, whose
expressions of fondness for him were very warm. And it now appears that
he fell a victim to this devoted comradeship, which he has so forcibly
delineated in his tragedy. "Whom the gods love die young. " Otway is
with Shelley, Keats and Byron, with Marlowe and with Chatterton.
RODEN NOEL.
* * * * *
[***] OTWAY made some translations from Ovid and Horace. He
also wrote prologues to Lee's _Constantine_ and Mrs. Behn's
_City Heiress_, with an epistle to Creech on his translation
of Lucretius, besides a few miscellaneous poems, prologues,
and epilogues. A translation from the French, the _History
of Triumvirates_, was published a year after his decease.
Moreover, it was reported that he had been engaged on an
original tragedy at the time of his death; Betterton, the
actor and manager, advertised for this play, but it was never
found. All authorities, except Mr. Gosse, agree in rejecting
as a forgery the play named _Heroic Friendship_, which a
bookseller long afterwards (in 1719) attempted to palm off upon
the public as the lost tragedy of Otway. While destitute of
all external evidence for genuineness, it is usually regarded
as a contemptible production, equally destitute of internal
evidence. Mr. Gosse indeed urges a similarity in the principal
character to the heroes of Otway. But of course to produce such
a similarity would be the obvious resort of any forger. It was
printed, though never acted. Gildon relates that Otway was very
fond of punch, and that the last thing he wrote was a song in
praise of it.
William Oldys, in his famous annotated copy of Langbaine's
_Dramatic Poets_, in the British Museum, thus writes of Otway:
"There is an excellent and beautiful picture of Mr. Otway,
who was a fine, portly, graceful man, now among the poetical
collection of Lord Chesterfield (I think it was painted by
John Ryley), in a full bottom wig, and nothing like that
quakerish figure which Knapton has impost upon the world. "
Interlined is the following: "He was of middle size, about
5 ft. 7 in. , inclinable to corpulency, had thoughtful, yet
lively, and, as it were, speaking eyes. "
I am indebted to Dr. Grosart for the foregoing quotation, and
have to express my thanks to Mr. S. W. Orson for numerous
textual suggestions and emendations.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FOOTNOTES:
[1] In Mr. Saintsbury's admirable monograph on Dryden (_English Men
of Letters_) we have, for the first time, the truth told about the
origins of the so-called "heroic" drama in England--a semi-operatic
creation of Sir W. Davenant under the Protectorate. But though the
rhyme may have come from France, it seems to me that for the rant our
Restoration playwrights need not have looked so far as the Scudéry
romance, or the Spanish poetry; they had examples nearer home, which
is equally true of the "conceits. " Dryden is the father of modern
prose, and the father of didactic verse, even, one may say, of modern
satire also. Now, if a man achieve a reputation for eminence in one
department, his eminence in another, however indisputable, is sure to
be disputed. It has seemed evident to critics (and consequently to
bookmakers) that since he was a critic he could not be a poet. Yet he
was certainly both. He is more than what Matthew Arnold names him, a
"classic of our prose. "
[2] Shall we find such things in the modern creations of Scott, George
Sand, Thackeray, Charlotte Brontë (possibly we may in Emily Brontë),
Thomas Hardy, or Tolstoi?
[3] Respecting Otway's life, my chief authority is Thornton, who has
prefixed the best sketch I know of to the best edition of the poet's
works; but I have also consulted other authorities, and read Mr.
Gosse's interesting essay in his "Seventeenth Century Studies," &c.
Thornton's text has been usually followed in the present volume; with,
however, numerous emendations, the result of collation with the early
editions.
[4]
Tom Otway came next, Tom Shadwell's dear Zany,
And swears for heroics he writes best of any;
_Don Carlos_ his pockets so amply had filled
That his mange was quite cured and his lice were all killed;
But Apollo had seen his face on the stage,
And prudently did not think fit to engage
The scum of a playhouse for the prop of an age.
Wood mentions that it was reported the poet came back from Flanders
"mangy, and covered with vermin. "
_DON CARLOS, PRINCE OF SPAIN. _
Principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est. --
HOR. , Ep. 17, Lib. I. [5]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
Besides the writers mentioned in my Introduction, Campistron, a pupil
of Racine, founded a play called _Andronic_ on this same history of
_Don Carlos_. Some Spanish historians, in the interest of Philip,
have tried to blacken the character of his son. But the Abbé de San
Real (who has been called the French Sallust) seems to have estimated
him rightly, while the dramatists have, on the whole, adopted the
Frenchman's conception, which was apparently derived from reliable
Spanish sources. The motto prefixed from Horace is in allusion to
the fact that this play received the approbation of the King and the
Duke of York. It had a long success at the theatre, and we may agree
with those who called it, as Otway tells us in the preface, the best
"heroic" play of the time--containing, as it does, far less of rant and
confusion, but more of nature and passion, than the "heroic" plays of
Dryden--though _Aurungzebe_ may not be far behind it. Booth, the actor,
was informed by Betterton that _Don Carlos_ continued for several years
to attract larger audiences than _The Orphan_ or _Venice Preserved_. It
was first represented at the Duke's Theatre in the year 1676, and was
published in the same year.
Philip II. , son of the Emperor Charles V. , became King of Naples and
Sicily in 1554 on his father's abdication, and King Consort of England
by his marriage with Mary two years after he ascended the Spanish
throne. In 1557 he gained the victory of St. Quentin, which might have
made him master of France, but he did not follow it up, being, it
is said, so elated and yet terrified that he vowed: first, never to
engage in another fight, and secondly, to found a monastery in honour
of St. Lawrence at Escorial. Later came the great rebellion of the Low
Countries, which, in spite of Alva's ability, sanguinary cruelty, and
persecutions, resulted in the independence of "the United Provinces,"
and the triumph of the reformed faith. Philip subdued Portugal, and
sent the huge Spanish Armada to conquer England, the illustrious
heretic Elizabeth having succeeded to Mary. But the storms and the
English together were too much for him. He showed resignation and
dignity, however, when the admiral in command announced this misfortune
to him. He married Elizabeth of Valois after Mary's death.
It is probable that Don Carlos inherited the personal pride and hauteur
of his race, and he is said to have treated Alva with rudeness on a
public occasion, only because the Duke was a little late in paying his
respects to him. Alva, as a noble, had his share of pride, and being,
moreover, malignant, never forgave this.
But the rivalry of these two personages in desiring the government
of the revolted Netherlands is a more probable cause of the affront,
for it seems to have been just before the Duke proceeded thither as
Governor, when he went to take leave of Carlos, that it occurred.
Philip had refused the post to his son, and given it to Alva. Carlos is
even said by some to have threatened the Duke with his sword; but, if
so, it seems likely that something in the words or triumphant demeanour
of the latter provoked the hotheaded youth beyond endurance. This
spirited and aspiring Prince was evidently far more liberal in religion
and politics than his father, a disposition likely to be intensified
by the fact that his father persistently kept him in tutelage, and
forbade him all participation in the management of public affairs,
which he so ardently coveted. That he entered into correspondence with
the gallant men striving for liberty of conscience and nationality in
the Low Countries seems certain. This was a pretext and motive for his
arrest, imprisonment, and murder. But jealous suspicion that the Queen,
promised and betrothed by Philip himself to his own son, cared too much
for that son, and more than suspicion that Carlos cared too much for
her, afforded a motive yet more powerful. Elizabeth of France (daughter
of Henry II. ) was put to death about the same time, and the Prince of
Orange openly accused Philip of these murders, alleging that they were
committed in order that he might be free to marry his own niece, Anne
of Austria. Carlos is variously reported to have been killed by poison,
strangulation, or opening his veins in a bath. Philip died in 1598. His
character has been well suggested and outlined in a recent play, Lord
Tennyson's "Queen Mary. "
[Illustration]
TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE. [6]
Sir,
'Tis an approved opinion, there is not so unhappy a creature in the
world as the man that wants ambition; for certainly he lives to very
little use that only toils in the same round, and because he knows
where he is, though in a dirty road, dares not venture on a smoother
path for fear of being lost. That I am not the wretch I condemn,
your Royal Highness may be sufficiently convinced, in that I durst
presume to put this poem under your patronage. My motives to it were
not ordinary: for besides my own propensity to take an opportunity
of publishing the extreme devotion I owe your Royal Highness, the
mighty encouragement I received from your approbation of it when
presented on the stage was hint enough to let me know at whose feet
it ought to be laid. Yet, whilst I do this, I am sensible the curious
world will expect some panegyric on those heroic virtues which are
throughout it so much admired. But, as they are a theme too great for
my undertaking, so only to endeavour at the truth of them must, in the
distance between my obscurity and their height, savour of a flattery,
which in your Royal Highness's esteem I would not be thought guilty
of; though in that part of them which relates to myself (viz. , your
favours showered on a thing so mean as I am) I know not how to be
silent. For you were not only so indulgent as to bestow your praise on
this, but even (beyond my hopes) to declare in favour of my first essay
of this nature, and add yet the encouragement of your commands to go
forward, when I had the honour to kiss your Royal Highness's hand, in
token of your permission to make a dedication to you of the second. I
must confess, and boast I am very proud of it; and it were enough to
make me more, were I not sensible how far I am undeserving. Yet when
I consider you never give your favours precipitately, but that it is
a certain sign of some desert when you vouchsafe to promote, I, who
have terminated my best hopes in it, should do wrong to your goodness,
should I not let the world know my mind, as well as my condition,
is raised by it. I am certain none that know your Royal Highness
will disapprove my aspiring to the service of so great and so good a
master; one who (as is apparent to all those who have the honour to be
near you and know you by that title) never raised without merit, or
discountenanced without justice. It is that, indeed, obliging severity
which has in all men created an awful love and respect towards you;
since in the firmness of your resolution the brave and good man is sure
of you, whilst the ill-minded and malignant fears you. This I could not
pass over; and I hope your Royal Highness will pardon it, since it is
unaffectedly my zeal to you, who am in nothing so unfortunate, as that
I have not a better opportunity to let you and the world know how much
I am,
Your Royal Highness's
Most humble, most faithful, and most obedient Servant,
THO. OTWAY.
[Illustration:
PREFACE. ]
Reader,
'Tis not that I have any great affection to scribbling, that I pester
thee with a preface; for, amongst friends, 'tis almost as poor a trade
with poets, as it is with those that write hackney under attorneys;
it will hardly keep us in ale and cheese. Honest Ariosto began to be
sensible of it in his time, who makes his complaint to this purpose:
I pity those who in these latter days
Do write, when bounty hath shut up her gate:
Where day and night in vain good writers knock,
And for their labour oft have but a mock.
Thus I find it according to Sir John Harington's translation; had I
understood Italian, I would have given it thee in the original, but
that is not my talent; therefore to proceed: this Play was the second
that ever I writ, or thought of writing. I must confess, I had often
a titillation to poetry, but never durst venture on my muse, till I
got her into a corner in the country; and then, like a bashful young
lover, when I had her in private, I had courage to fumble, but never
thought she would have produced anything; till at last, I know not
how, ere I was aware, I found myself father of a dramatic birth, which
I called _Alcibiades_; but I might, without offence to any person in
the play, as well have called it _Nebuchadnezzar_; for my hero, to
do him right, was none of that squeamish gentleman I make him, but
would as little have boggled at the obliging the passion of a young
and beautiful lady as I should myself, had I the same opportunities
which I have given him. This I publish to antedate the objections some
people may make against that play, who have been (and much good may it
do them! ) very severe, as they think, upon this. Whoever they are, I
am sure I never disobliged them: nor have they (thank my good fortune)
much injured me. In the meanwhile I forgive them, and, since I am out
of the reach on't, leave them to chew the cud on their own venom. I
am well satisfied I had the greatest party of men of wit and sense on
my side; amongst which I can never enough acknowledge the unspeakable
obligations I received from the Earl of R. ,[7] who, far above what I am
ever able to deserve from him, seemed almost to make it his business to
establish it in the good opinion of the King and his Royal Highness;
from both of whom I have since received confirmation of their good
liking of it, and encouragement to proceed. And it is to him, I must
in all gratitude confess, I owe the greatest part of my good success
in this, and on whose indulgency I extremely build my hopes of a next.
I dare not presume to take to myself what a great many, and those (I
am sure) of good judgment too, have been so kind to afford me--viz. ,
that it is the best heroic play that has been written of late; for, I
thank Heaven, I am not yet so vain. But this I may modestly boast of,
which the author[8] of the French _Berenice_ has done before me, in his
preface to that play, that it never failed to draw tears from the eyes
of the auditors; I mean, those whose hearts were capable of so noble
a pleasure: for it was not my business to take such as only come to a
playhouse to see farce-fools, and laugh at their own deformed pictures.
Though a certain writer that shall be nameless[9] (but you shall guess
at him by what follows), being asked his opinion of this play, very
gravely cocked, and cried, "I'gad, he knew not a line in it he would be
author of. "[10] But he is a fine facetious witty person, as my friend
Sir Formal has it; and to be even with him, I know a comedy of his,
that has not so much as a quibble in it that I would be author of. And
so, Reader, I bid him and thee Farewell.
FOOTNOTES:
[5]
To gain by honourable ways
A great man's favour is no vulgar praise. --_Conington. _
[6] James, Duke of York, afterwards James II.
[7] Rochester, whose motive in patronising Otway at this time was
solely a desire to mortify Dryden.
[8] Racine.
[9] Dryden.
[10] It will be remembered that _I'gad_ is an expression frequently
used by Bayes in the _Rehearsal_; a character written in ridicule of
Davenant, Dryden, the Howards, &c, by the Duke of Buckingham (Dryden's
Zimri), Butler, and others.
[Illustration:
_PROLOGUE_]
When first our author took this play in hand,
He doubted much, and long was at a stand.
He knew the fame and memory of kings
Were to be treated of as sacred things,
Not as they're represented in this age,
Where they appear the lumber of the stage;
Used only just for reconciling tools,
Or what is worse, made villains all, or fools.
Besides, the characters he shows to-night,
He found were very difficult to write:
He found the fame of France and Spain at stake,
Therefore long paused, and feared which part to take;
Till this his judgment safest understood,
To make them both heroic as he could.
But now the greatest stop was yet unpassed;
He found himself, alas! confined too fast.
He is a man of pleasure, sirs, like you,
And therefore hardly could to business bow;
Till at the last he did this conquest get,
To make his pleasure whetstone to his wit;
So sometimes for variety he writ.
But as those blockheads, who discourse by rote,
Sometimes speak sense, although they rarely know't;
So he scarce knew to what his work would grow,
But 'twas a play, because it would be so:
Yet well he knows this is a weak pretence,
For idleness is the worst want of sense.
Let him not now of carelessness be taxed,
He'll write in earnest, when he writes the next:
Meanwhile,--
Prune his superfluous branches, never spare;
Yet do it kindly, be not too severe:
He may bear better fruit another year.
[Illustration]
[Illustration:
_DRAMATIS PERSONÆ. _]
PHILIP II. , King of Spain.
DON CARLOS, his Son.
DON JOHN of Austria.
Marquis of POSA, the Prince's Confidant.
RUY-GOMEZ.
Officer of the Guards.
QUEEN OF SPAIN.
Duchess of EBOLI, Wife of Ruy-Gomez.
HENRIETTA.
GARCIA.
SCENE--THE COURT OF SPAIN.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
_DON CARLOS, PRINCE OF SPAIN. _
ACT THE FIRST.
SCENE I. --_An Apartment in the Palace. _
KING _and_ QUEEN, Don CARLOS, _the_ Marquis of POSA,
RUY-GOMEZ, _the_ Duchess of EBOLI, HENRIETTA,
GARCIA, Attendants, _and_ Guards _discovered_.
King. Happy the monarch, on whose brow no cares
Add weight to the bright diadem he wears;
Like me, in all that he can wish for, blest.
Renown and love, the gentlest calms of rest,
And peace, adorn my brow, enrich my breast.
To me great nations tributary are;
Though, whilst my vast dominions spread so far,
Where most I reign, I must pay homage, here. [_To the_ QUEEN.
Approach, bright mistress of my purest vows:
Now show me him that more religion owes
To Heaven, or to its altars more devoutly bows.
_Don Car. _ So merchants, cast upon some savage coast,
Are forced to see their dearest treasures lost.
Curse! what's obedience? a false notion made
By priests, who when they found old cheats decayed,
By such new arts kept up declining trade. [_Aside. _
A father! Oh!
_King. _ Why does my Carlos shroud
His joy, and when all's sunshine wear a cloud?
My son, thus for thy glory I provide;
From this fair charmer, and our royal bride,
Shall such a noble race of heroes spring,
As may adorn the court when thou art king.
_Don Car. _ A greater glory I can never know
Than what already I enjoy in you.
The brightest ornaments of crowns and powers
I only can admire, as they are yours.
_King. _ Heaven! how he stands unmoved! not the least show
Of transport.
_Don Car. _ Not admire your happiness? I do
As much admire it as I reverence you.
Let me express the mighty joy I feel:
Thus, sir, I pay my duty when I kneel. [_Kneels to the_ QUEEN.
_Queen. _ How hard it is his passion to confine!
I'm sure 'tis so, if I may judge by mine. [_Aside. _
Alas!
my lord, you're too obsequious now. [_To_ Don CARLOS.
_Don Car. _ Oh! might I but enjoy this pleasure still,
Here would I worship, and for ever kneel.
_Queen. _ 'Fore Heaven, my lord! you know not what you do.
_King. _ Still there appears disturbance on his brow;
And in his looks an earnestness I read,
Which from no common causes can proceed. [_Aside. _
I'll probe him deep. When, when, my dearest joy,
[_To the_ QUEEN.
Shall I the mighty debt of love defray?
Hence to love's secret temple let's retire,
There on his altars kindle the amorous fire,
Then, phoenix-like, each in the flame expire. --
Still he is fixed. [_Looking on_ Don CARLOS. ] Gomez, observe
the prince. --
Yet smile on me, my charming excellence.
[_To the_ QUEEN.
Virgins should only fears and blushes show;
But you must lay aside that title now.
The doctrine which I preach, by Heaven, is good:--
Oh, the impetuous sallies of my blood!
_Queen. _ To what unwelcome joys I'm forced to yield?
Now fate her utmost malice has fulfilled.
Carlos, farewell; for since I must submit--
_King. _ Now, winged with rapture, let us fly, my sweet.
My son, all troubles from thy breast resign,
And let thy father's happiness be thine.
[_Exeunt_ KING _and_ QUEEN,
RUY-GOMEZ, Duchess of EBOLI,
HENRIETTA, GARCIA, _and_ Attendants.
_Don Car. _ What king, what god would not his power forego,
To enjoy so much divinity below!
Didst thou behold her, Posa?
_M. of Posa. _ Sir, I did.
_Don Car. _ And is she not a sweet one? Such a bride!
O Posa, once she was decreed for mine:
Once I had hopes of bliss. Hadst thou but seen
How blest, how proud I was if I could get
But leave to lie a prostrate at her feet!
Even with a look I could my pains beguile;
Nay, she in pity too would sometimes smile;
Till at the last my vows successful proved,
And one day, sighing, she confessed she loved.
Oh! then I found no limits to our joy,
With eyes thus languishing we looked all day;
So vigorous and strong we darted beams,
Our meeting glances kindled into flames;
Nothing we found that promised not delight:
For when rude shades deprived us of the light,
As we had gazed all day, we dreamt all night.
But, after all these labours undergone,
A cruel father thus destroys his son;
In their full height my choicest hopes beguiles,
And robs me of the fruit of all my toils.
My dearest Posa, thou wert ever kind;
Bring thy best counsel, and direct my mind.
_Re-enter_ RUY-GOMEZ.
_Ruy-Gom. _ Still he is here. My lord!
_Don Car. _ Your business now?
_Ruy-Gom. _ I've with concern beheld your clouded brow.
Ah! though you've lost a beauty well might make
Your strictest honour and your duty shake,
Let not a father's ills[11] misguide your mind,
But be obedient, though he has proved unkind.
_Don Car. _ Hence, cynic, to dull slaves thy morals teach;
I have no leisure now to hear thee preach:
Still you'll usurp a power o'er my will.
_Ruy-Gom. _ Sir, you my services interpret ill:
Nor need it be so soon forgot that I
Have been your guardian from your infancy.
When to my charge committed, I alone
Instructed you how to expect a crown;
Taught you ambition, and war's noblest arts,
How to lead armies, and to conquer hearts;
Whilst, though but young,
You would with pleasure read of sieges got,
And smile to hear of bloody battles fought:
And, still, though not control, I may advise,
_Don Car. _ Alas! thy pride wears a too thin disguise:
Too well I know the falsehood of thy soul,
Which to my father rendered me so foul
That hardly as his son a smile I've known,
But always as a traitor met his frown.
My forward honour was ambition called;
Or, if my friends my early fame extolled,
You damped my father's smiles still as they sprung,
Persuading I repined he lived too long.
So all my hopes by you were frustrate made,
And, robbed of sunshine, withered in the shade.
Whilst, my good patriot! you disposed the crown
Out of my reach, to have it in your own.
But I'll prevent your policy--
_Ruy-Gom. _ My lord,
This accusation is unjust and hard.
The king, your father, would not so upbraid
My age: is all my service thus repaid?
But I will hence, and let my master hear
How generously you reward my care;
Who, on my just complaint, I doubt not, will
At least redress the injuries I feel. [_Exit. _
_M. of Posa. _ Alas! my lord, you too severely urge
Your fate; his interest with the king is large.
Besides, you know he has already seen
The transports of your passion for the queen.
The use he may of that advantage make
You ought at least to avoid, but for her sake.
_Don. Car. _ Ah! my dear friend, thou'st touched my tenderest part;
I never yet learned the dissembling art.
Go, call him back; tell him that I implore
His pardon, and will ne'er offend him more.
The queen! kind Heaven, make her thy nearest care!
Oh! fly, o'ertake him ere he goes too far. [_Exit_ Marquis of POSA.
How are we bandied up and down by fate!
By so much more unhappy as we're great.
A prince, and heir to Spain's great monarch born,
I'm forced to court a slave whom most I scorn;
Who like a bramble 'mongst a cedar's boughs,
Vexes his peace under whose shades he grows.
Now he returns: assist me falsehood--down,
Thou rebel passion--
_Re-enter_ RUY-GOMEZ _and the_ Marquis of POSA.
Sir, I fear I've done
[_To_ RUY-GOMEZ.
You wrong; but, if I have, you can forgive.
Heaven! can I do this abject thing, and live? [_Aside. _
_Ruy-Gom. _ Ah, my good lord, it makes too large amends,
When to his vassal thus a prince descends;
Though it was something rigid and unkind,
To upbraid your faithful servant and your friend.
_Don Car. _ Alas! no more; all jealousies shall cease;
Between us two let there be henceforth peace.
So may just Heaven assist me when I sue,
As I to Gomez always will be true.
_Ruy-Gom. _ Stay, sir, and for this mighty favour take
All the return sincerity can make.
Blest in your father's love, as I'm in yours,
May not one fear disturb your happy hours!
Crowned with success may all your wishes be,
And you ne'er find worse enemies than me!
[_Exeunt_ Don CARLOS _and_ Marquis of POSA.
Nor, spite of all his greatness, shall he need:
Of too long date his ruin is decreed.
Spain's early hopes of him have been my fears;
'Twas I the charge had of his tender years,
And read in all the progress of his growth,
An untamed, haughty, hot, and furious youth;
A will unruly, and a spirit wild;
At all my precepts still with scorn he smiled.
Or when, by the power I from his father had,
Any restraint was on his pleasures laid,
Ushered with frowns on me his soul would rise,
And threaten future vengeance from his eyes.
But now to all my fears I bid adieu;
For, prince, I'll humble both your fate and you.
Here comes the star by whom my course I steer.
_Re-enter_ Duchess of EBOLI.
Welcome, my love!
_D. of Eboli. _ My lord, why stay you here,
Losing the pleasures of this happy night?
When all the court are melting in delight,
You toil with the dull business of the state.
_Ruy-Gom. _ Only, my fair one, how to make thee great.
Thou takest up all the business of my heart,
And only to it pleasure canst impart.
Say, say, my goddess, when shall I be blest?
It is an age since I was happy last.
_D. of Eboli. _ My lord, I come not hither now to hear
Your love, but offer something to your ear.
If you have well observed, you must have seen,
To-day, some strange disorders in the queen.
_Ruy-Gom. _ Yes, such as youthful brides do still express,
Impatient longings for the happiness.
Approaching joys will so disturb the soul,
As needles always tremble near the pole.
_D. of Eboli. _ Come, come, my lord, seem not so blind; too well
I've seen the wrongs which you from Carlos feel;
And know your judgment is too good to lose
Advantage, where you may so safely choose.
Say now, if I inform you how you may
With full revenge all your past wrongs repay--
_Ruy-Gom. _ Blest oracle! speak how it may be done:
My will, my life, my hopes, are all thy own.
_D. of Eboli. _ Hence then, and with your strictest cunning try
What of the queen and prince you can descry;
Watch every look, each quick and subtle glance;
Then we'll from all produce such circumstance
As shall the king's new jealousy advance.
Nay, sir, I'll try what mighty love you show:
If you will make me great, begin it now.
How, sir, d'ye stand considering what to do?
_Ruy-Gom. _ No, but methinks I view from hence a king,
A queen, and prince, three goodly flowers spring:
Whilst on them like a subtle bee I'll prey,
Till, so their strength and virtue drawn away,
Unable to recover, each shall droop,
Grow pale, and fading hang his withered top:
Then, fraught with thyme, triumphant back I'll come,
And unlade all the precious sweets at home. [_Exit. _
_D. of Eboli. _ In thy fond policy, blind fool, go on,
And make what haste thou canst to be undone,
Whilst I have nobler business of my own.
Was I bred up in greatness; have I been
Nurtured with glorious hopes to be a queen;
Made love my study, and with practised charms
Prepared myself to meet a monarch's arms;
At last to be condemned to the embrace
Of one whom nature made to her disgrace,
An old, imperfect, feeble dotard, who
Can only tell (alas! ) what he would do?
On him to throw away my youth and bloom,
As jewels that are lost to enrich a tomb?
No, though all hopes are in a husband dead,
Another path to happiness I'll tread;
Elsewhere find joys which I'm in him denied:
Yet, while he can, let the slave serve my pride.
Still I'll in pleasure live, in glory shine;
The gallant, youthful Austria shall be mine:
To him with all my force of charms I'll move:
Let others toil for greatness, whilst I love. [_Exit. _
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FOOTNOTES:
[11] _i. e. _ Faults.
ACT THE SECOND.
SCENE I. --_An Orange Grove, near the Palace. _
_Enter_ Don JOHN of Austria.
Don John. Why should dull law rule nature, who first made
That law by which herself is now betrayed?
Ere man's corruptions made him wretched, he
Was born most noble that was born most free:
Each of himself was lord, and, unconfined,
Obeyed the dictates of his god-like mind.
Law was an innovation brought in since,
When fools began to love obedience,
And called their slavery safety and defence.
My glorious father got me in his heat,
When all he did was eminently great:
When warlike Belgia felt his conquering power,
And the proud Germans owned him emperor,
Why should it be a stain then on my blood,
Because I came not in the common road,
But born obscure, and so more like a god?
No; though his diadem another wear,
At least to all his pleasures I'll be heir.
Here I should meet my Eboli, my fair.
_Enter_ Duchess of EBOLI.
She comes; as the bright Cyprian goddess moves,
When loose, and in her chariot drawn by doves,
She rides to meet the warlike god she loves.
_D. of Eboli. _ Alas! my lord, you know not with what fear
And hazard I am come to meet you here.
_Don John. _ Oh, banish it: lovers like us should fly,
And, mounted by their wishes, soar on high,
Where softest ecstasies and transports are,
While fear alone disturbs the lower air.
_D. of Eboli. _ But who is safe when eyes are everywhere?
Or, if we could with happiest secrecy
Enjoy these sweets, oh, whither shall we fly
To escape that sight whence we can nothing hide?
_Don John. _ Alas! lay this religion now aside;
I'll show thee one more pleasant, that which Jove
Set forth to the old world, when from above
He came himself, and taught his mortals love.
_D. of Eboli. _ Will nothing then quench your unruly flame?
My lord, you might consider who I am.
_Don John. _ I know you're her I love, what should I more
Regard?
_D. of Eboli. _ [_Aside. _] By Heaven, he's brave! --
But can so poor
A thought possess your breast, to think that I
Will brand my name with lust and infamy?
_Don John. _ Those who are noblest born should higher prize
Love's sweets. Oh! let me fly into those eyes!
There's something in them leads my soul astray:
As he who in a necromancer's glass
Beholds his wished-for fortune by him pass,
Yet still with greedy eyes
Pursues the vision as it glides away.
_D. of Eboli. _ Protect me, Heaven!
loyalist, and ever faithful to the Court. Nor was Charles incapable
of appreciating talent. But Otway, to use his own words, only got the
"pension of a prince's praise"; and a gracious command to lampoon the
greatest statesman of the time, which he did accordingly. Praise of one
who cannot be a rival is an inexpensive form of present. It appears,
however, that two of the royal mistresses were more generous--Nell
Gwynne and the Duchess of Portsmouth, whose bounty, "extended to him in
his last extremity," he extols in the dedication of _Venice Preserved_.
Otway had withdrawn from the importunate clamour of creditors to an
obscure public-house, the sign of the Bull, on Tower Hill; and here,
on the 14th of April, 1685, at the premature age of thirty-four, he
died. His body was conveyed thence to the Church of St. Clement Danes,
and there deposited in a vault. About the circumstances of his death
there is a conflict of evidence. The story that has gained currency is
probably not the true one; only one early biographer is our authority
for it. He states that, having long been insufficiently fed, Otway
one day sallied forth in a starving state, and begged a shilling from
a gentleman in a coffee house, saying, "I am the poet Otway. " This
person, surprised and distressed, gave him a guinea. With it he bought
a roll of bread, and began to devour it with the rage of hunger; but,
incapable of swallowing from long abstinence, he was choked with
the first mouthful. Other writers make no mention of this incident,
and Wood is not only silent on the subject, but states that in his
"sickness" (implying gradual decay) he composed a congratulatory poem
on the inauguration of James II. Spence, moreover, who had the anecdote
from Dennis the critic, tells quite a different story. He relates that
Otway had an intimate friend named Blakiston, who was murdered in the
street, and that, to revenge the deed, Otway pursued the assassin on
foot as far as Dover, where he was seized with a fever, occasioned by
fatigue, privation, and excitement. On his return to London, being
heated, he drank water, which was the immediate occasion of his death.
Yet undoubtedly insufficient nourishment must have accelerated his end.
It is quite possible, therefore, that the anecdote about the guinea and
the roll may be substantially true, although this circumstance may not
have been the actual cause of death.
The ardour and constancy of Otway's personal attachments are very
notable all through his career--witness his friendship with Shadwell
(though Mr. Gosse strangely calls Shadwell his enemy), with an unknown
person whom he names _Senander_, and especially with Duke, whose
expressions of fondness for him were very warm. And it now appears that
he fell a victim to this devoted comradeship, which he has so forcibly
delineated in his tragedy. "Whom the gods love die young. " Otway is
with Shelley, Keats and Byron, with Marlowe and with Chatterton.
RODEN NOEL.
* * * * *
[***] OTWAY made some translations from Ovid and Horace. He
also wrote prologues to Lee's _Constantine_ and Mrs. Behn's
_City Heiress_, with an epistle to Creech on his translation
of Lucretius, besides a few miscellaneous poems, prologues,
and epilogues. A translation from the French, the _History
of Triumvirates_, was published a year after his decease.
Moreover, it was reported that he had been engaged on an
original tragedy at the time of his death; Betterton, the
actor and manager, advertised for this play, but it was never
found. All authorities, except Mr. Gosse, agree in rejecting
as a forgery the play named _Heroic Friendship_, which a
bookseller long afterwards (in 1719) attempted to palm off upon
the public as the lost tragedy of Otway. While destitute of
all external evidence for genuineness, it is usually regarded
as a contemptible production, equally destitute of internal
evidence. Mr. Gosse indeed urges a similarity in the principal
character to the heroes of Otway. But of course to produce such
a similarity would be the obvious resort of any forger. It was
printed, though never acted. Gildon relates that Otway was very
fond of punch, and that the last thing he wrote was a song in
praise of it.
William Oldys, in his famous annotated copy of Langbaine's
_Dramatic Poets_, in the British Museum, thus writes of Otway:
"There is an excellent and beautiful picture of Mr. Otway,
who was a fine, portly, graceful man, now among the poetical
collection of Lord Chesterfield (I think it was painted by
John Ryley), in a full bottom wig, and nothing like that
quakerish figure which Knapton has impost upon the world. "
Interlined is the following: "He was of middle size, about
5 ft. 7 in. , inclinable to corpulency, had thoughtful, yet
lively, and, as it were, speaking eyes. "
I am indebted to Dr. Grosart for the foregoing quotation, and
have to express my thanks to Mr. S. W. Orson for numerous
textual suggestions and emendations.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FOOTNOTES:
[1] In Mr. Saintsbury's admirable monograph on Dryden (_English Men
of Letters_) we have, for the first time, the truth told about the
origins of the so-called "heroic" drama in England--a semi-operatic
creation of Sir W. Davenant under the Protectorate. But though the
rhyme may have come from France, it seems to me that for the rant our
Restoration playwrights need not have looked so far as the Scudéry
romance, or the Spanish poetry; they had examples nearer home, which
is equally true of the "conceits. " Dryden is the father of modern
prose, and the father of didactic verse, even, one may say, of modern
satire also. Now, if a man achieve a reputation for eminence in one
department, his eminence in another, however indisputable, is sure to
be disputed. It has seemed evident to critics (and consequently to
bookmakers) that since he was a critic he could not be a poet. Yet he
was certainly both. He is more than what Matthew Arnold names him, a
"classic of our prose. "
[2] Shall we find such things in the modern creations of Scott, George
Sand, Thackeray, Charlotte Brontë (possibly we may in Emily Brontë),
Thomas Hardy, or Tolstoi?
[3] Respecting Otway's life, my chief authority is Thornton, who has
prefixed the best sketch I know of to the best edition of the poet's
works; but I have also consulted other authorities, and read Mr.
Gosse's interesting essay in his "Seventeenth Century Studies," &c.
Thornton's text has been usually followed in the present volume; with,
however, numerous emendations, the result of collation with the early
editions.
[4]
Tom Otway came next, Tom Shadwell's dear Zany,
And swears for heroics he writes best of any;
_Don Carlos_ his pockets so amply had filled
That his mange was quite cured and his lice were all killed;
But Apollo had seen his face on the stage,
And prudently did not think fit to engage
The scum of a playhouse for the prop of an age.
Wood mentions that it was reported the poet came back from Flanders
"mangy, and covered with vermin. "
_DON CARLOS, PRINCE OF SPAIN. _
Principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est. --
HOR. , Ep. 17, Lib. I. [5]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
Besides the writers mentioned in my Introduction, Campistron, a pupil
of Racine, founded a play called _Andronic_ on this same history of
_Don Carlos_. Some Spanish historians, in the interest of Philip,
have tried to blacken the character of his son. But the Abbé de San
Real (who has been called the French Sallust) seems to have estimated
him rightly, while the dramatists have, on the whole, adopted the
Frenchman's conception, which was apparently derived from reliable
Spanish sources. The motto prefixed from Horace is in allusion to
the fact that this play received the approbation of the King and the
Duke of York. It had a long success at the theatre, and we may agree
with those who called it, as Otway tells us in the preface, the best
"heroic" play of the time--containing, as it does, far less of rant and
confusion, but more of nature and passion, than the "heroic" plays of
Dryden--though _Aurungzebe_ may not be far behind it. Booth, the actor,
was informed by Betterton that _Don Carlos_ continued for several years
to attract larger audiences than _The Orphan_ or _Venice Preserved_. It
was first represented at the Duke's Theatre in the year 1676, and was
published in the same year.
Philip II. , son of the Emperor Charles V. , became King of Naples and
Sicily in 1554 on his father's abdication, and King Consort of England
by his marriage with Mary two years after he ascended the Spanish
throne. In 1557 he gained the victory of St. Quentin, which might have
made him master of France, but he did not follow it up, being, it
is said, so elated and yet terrified that he vowed: first, never to
engage in another fight, and secondly, to found a monastery in honour
of St. Lawrence at Escorial. Later came the great rebellion of the Low
Countries, which, in spite of Alva's ability, sanguinary cruelty, and
persecutions, resulted in the independence of "the United Provinces,"
and the triumph of the reformed faith. Philip subdued Portugal, and
sent the huge Spanish Armada to conquer England, the illustrious
heretic Elizabeth having succeeded to Mary. But the storms and the
English together were too much for him. He showed resignation and
dignity, however, when the admiral in command announced this misfortune
to him. He married Elizabeth of Valois after Mary's death.
It is probable that Don Carlos inherited the personal pride and hauteur
of his race, and he is said to have treated Alva with rudeness on a
public occasion, only because the Duke was a little late in paying his
respects to him. Alva, as a noble, had his share of pride, and being,
moreover, malignant, never forgave this.
But the rivalry of these two personages in desiring the government
of the revolted Netherlands is a more probable cause of the affront,
for it seems to have been just before the Duke proceeded thither as
Governor, when he went to take leave of Carlos, that it occurred.
Philip had refused the post to his son, and given it to Alva. Carlos is
even said by some to have threatened the Duke with his sword; but, if
so, it seems likely that something in the words or triumphant demeanour
of the latter provoked the hotheaded youth beyond endurance. This
spirited and aspiring Prince was evidently far more liberal in religion
and politics than his father, a disposition likely to be intensified
by the fact that his father persistently kept him in tutelage, and
forbade him all participation in the management of public affairs,
which he so ardently coveted. That he entered into correspondence with
the gallant men striving for liberty of conscience and nationality in
the Low Countries seems certain. This was a pretext and motive for his
arrest, imprisonment, and murder. But jealous suspicion that the Queen,
promised and betrothed by Philip himself to his own son, cared too much
for that son, and more than suspicion that Carlos cared too much for
her, afforded a motive yet more powerful. Elizabeth of France (daughter
of Henry II. ) was put to death about the same time, and the Prince of
Orange openly accused Philip of these murders, alleging that they were
committed in order that he might be free to marry his own niece, Anne
of Austria. Carlos is variously reported to have been killed by poison,
strangulation, or opening his veins in a bath. Philip died in 1598. His
character has been well suggested and outlined in a recent play, Lord
Tennyson's "Queen Mary. "
[Illustration]
TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE. [6]
Sir,
'Tis an approved opinion, there is not so unhappy a creature in the
world as the man that wants ambition; for certainly he lives to very
little use that only toils in the same round, and because he knows
where he is, though in a dirty road, dares not venture on a smoother
path for fear of being lost. That I am not the wretch I condemn,
your Royal Highness may be sufficiently convinced, in that I durst
presume to put this poem under your patronage. My motives to it were
not ordinary: for besides my own propensity to take an opportunity
of publishing the extreme devotion I owe your Royal Highness, the
mighty encouragement I received from your approbation of it when
presented on the stage was hint enough to let me know at whose feet
it ought to be laid. Yet, whilst I do this, I am sensible the curious
world will expect some panegyric on those heroic virtues which are
throughout it so much admired. But, as they are a theme too great for
my undertaking, so only to endeavour at the truth of them must, in the
distance between my obscurity and their height, savour of a flattery,
which in your Royal Highness's esteem I would not be thought guilty
of; though in that part of them which relates to myself (viz. , your
favours showered on a thing so mean as I am) I know not how to be
silent. For you were not only so indulgent as to bestow your praise on
this, but even (beyond my hopes) to declare in favour of my first essay
of this nature, and add yet the encouragement of your commands to go
forward, when I had the honour to kiss your Royal Highness's hand, in
token of your permission to make a dedication to you of the second. I
must confess, and boast I am very proud of it; and it were enough to
make me more, were I not sensible how far I am undeserving. Yet when
I consider you never give your favours precipitately, but that it is
a certain sign of some desert when you vouchsafe to promote, I, who
have terminated my best hopes in it, should do wrong to your goodness,
should I not let the world know my mind, as well as my condition,
is raised by it. I am certain none that know your Royal Highness
will disapprove my aspiring to the service of so great and so good a
master; one who (as is apparent to all those who have the honour to be
near you and know you by that title) never raised without merit, or
discountenanced without justice. It is that, indeed, obliging severity
which has in all men created an awful love and respect towards you;
since in the firmness of your resolution the brave and good man is sure
of you, whilst the ill-minded and malignant fears you. This I could not
pass over; and I hope your Royal Highness will pardon it, since it is
unaffectedly my zeal to you, who am in nothing so unfortunate, as that
I have not a better opportunity to let you and the world know how much
I am,
Your Royal Highness's
Most humble, most faithful, and most obedient Servant,
THO. OTWAY.
[Illustration:
PREFACE. ]
Reader,
'Tis not that I have any great affection to scribbling, that I pester
thee with a preface; for, amongst friends, 'tis almost as poor a trade
with poets, as it is with those that write hackney under attorneys;
it will hardly keep us in ale and cheese. Honest Ariosto began to be
sensible of it in his time, who makes his complaint to this purpose:
I pity those who in these latter days
Do write, when bounty hath shut up her gate:
Where day and night in vain good writers knock,
And for their labour oft have but a mock.
Thus I find it according to Sir John Harington's translation; had I
understood Italian, I would have given it thee in the original, but
that is not my talent; therefore to proceed: this Play was the second
that ever I writ, or thought of writing. I must confess, I had often
a titillation to poetry, but never durst venture on my muse, till I
got her into a corner in the country; and then, like a bashful young
lover, when I had her in private, I had courage to fumble, but never
thought she would have produced anything; till at last, I know not
how, ere I was aware, I found myself father of a dramatic birth, which
I called _Alcibiades_; but I might, without offence to any person in
the play, as well have called it _Nebuchadnezzar_; for my hero, to
do him right, was none of that squeamish gentleman I make him, but
would as little have boggled at the obliging the passion of a young
and beautiful lady as I should myself, had I the same opportunities
which I have given him. This I publish to antedate the objections some
people may make against that play, who have been (and much good may it
do them! ) very severe, as they think, upon this. Whoever they are, I
am sure I never disobliged them: nor have they (thank my good fortune)
much injured me. In the meanwhile I forgive them, and, since I am out
of the reach on't, leave them to chew the cud on their own venom. I
am well satisfied I had the greatest party of men of wit and sense on
my side; amongst which I can never enough acknowledge the unspeakable
obligations I received from the Earl of R. ,[7] who, far above what I am
ever able to deserve from him, seemed almost to make it his business to
establish it in the good opinion of the King and his Royal Highness;
from both of whom I have since received confirmation of their good
liking of it, and encouragement to proceed. And it is to him, I must
in all gratitude confess, I owe the greatest part of my good success
in this, and on whose indulgency I extremely build my hopes of a next.
I dare not presume to take to myself what a great many, and those (I
am sure) of good judgment too, have been so kind to afford me--viz. ,
that it is the best heroic play that has been written of late; for, I
thank Heaven, I am not yet so vain. But this I may modestly boast of,
which the author[8] of the French _Berenice_ has done before me, in his
preface to that play, that it never failed to draw tears from the eyes
of the auditors; I mean, those whose hearts were capable of so noble
a pleasure: for it was not my business to take such as only come to a
playhouse to see farce-fools, and laugh at their own deformed pictures.
Though a certain writer that shall be nameless[9] (but you shall guess
at him by what follows), being asked his opinion of this play, very
gravely cocked, and cried, "I'gad, he knew not a line in it he would be
author of. "[10] But he is a fine facetious witty person, as my friend
Sir Formal has it; and to be even with him, I know a comedy of his,
that has not so much as a quibble in it that I would be author of. And
so, Reader, I bid him and thee Farewell.
FOOTNOTES:
[5]
To gain by honourable ways
A great man's favour is no vulgar praise. --_Conington. _
[6] James, Duke of York, afterwards James II.
[7] Rochester, whose motive in patronising Otway at this time was
solely a desire to mortify Dryden.
[8] Racine.
[9] Dryden.
[10] It will be remembered that _I'gad_ is an expression frequently
used by Bayes in the _Rehearsal_; a character written in ridicule of
Davenant, Dryden, the Howards, &c, by the Duke of Buckingham (Dryden's
Zimri), Butler, and others.
[Illustration:
_PROLOGUE_]
When first our author took this play in hand,
He doubted much, and long was at a stand.
He knew the fame and memory of kings
Were to be treated of as sacred things,
Not as they're represented in this age,
Where they appear the lumber of the stage;
Used only just for reconciling tools,
Or what is worse, made villains all, or fools.
Besides, the characters he shows to-night,
He found were very difficult to write:
He found the fame of France and Spain at stake,
Therefore long paused, and feared which part to take;
Till this his judgment safest understood,
To make them both heroic as he could.
But now the greatest stop was yet unpassed;
He found himself, alas! confined too fast.
He is a man of pleasure, sirs, like you,
And therefore hardly could to business bow;
Till at the last he did this conquest get,
To make his pleasure whetstone to his wit;
So sometimes for variety he writ.
But as those blockheads, who discourse by rote,
Sometimes speak sense, although they rarely know't;
So he scarce knew to what his work would grow,
But 'twas a play, because it would be so:
Yet well he knows this is a weak pretence,
For idleness is the worst want of sense.
Let him not now of carelessness be taxed,
He'll write in earnest, when he writes the next:
Meanwhile,--
Prune his superfluous branches, never spare;
Yet do it kindly, be not too severe:
He may bear better fruit another year.
[Illustration]
[Illustration:
_DRAMATIS PERSONÆ. _]
PHILIP II. , King of Spain.
DON CARLOS, his Son.
DON JOHN of Austria.
Marquis of POSA, the Prince's Confidant.
RUY-GOMEZ.
Officer of the Guards.
QUEEN OF SPAIN.
Duchess of EBOLI, Wife of Ruy-Gomez.
HENRIETTA.
GARCIA.
SCENE--THE COURT OF SPAIN.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
_DON CARLOS, PRINCE OF SPAIN. _
ACT THE FIRST.
SCENE I. --_An Apartment in the Palace. _
KING _and_ QUEEN, Don CARLOS, _the_ Marquis of POSA,
RUY-GOMEZ, _the_ Duchess of EBOLI, HENRIETTA,
GARCIA, Attendants, _and_ Guards _discovered_.
King. Happy the monarch, on whose brow no cares
Add weight to the bright diadem he wears;
Like me, in all that he can wish for, blest.
Renown and love, the gentlest calms of rest,
And peace, adorn my brow, enrich my breast.
To me great nations tributary are;
Though, whilst my vast dominions spread so far,
Where most I reign, I must pay homage, here. [_To the_ QUEEN.
Approach, bright mistress of my purest vows:
Now show me him that more religion owes
To Heaven, or to its altars more devoutly bows.
_Don Car. _ So merchants, cast upon some savage coast,
Are forced to see their dearest treasures lost.
Curse! what's obedience? a false notion made
By priests, who when they found old cheats decayed,
By such new arts kept up declining trade. [_Aside. _
A father! Oh!
_King. _ Why does my Carlos shroud
His joy, and when all's sunshine wear a cloud?
My son, thus for thy glory I provide;
From this fair charmer, and our royal bride,
Shall such a noble race of heroes spring,
As may adorn the court when thou art king.
_Don Car. _ A greater glory I can never know
Than what already I enjoy in you.
The brightest ornaments of crowns and powers
I only can admire, as they are yours.
_King. _ Heaven! how he stands unmoved! not the least show
Of transport.
_Don Car. _ Not admire your happiness? I do
As much admire it as I reverence you.
Let me express the mighty joy I feel:
Thus, sir, I pay my duty when I kneel. [_Kneels to the_ QUEEN.
_Queen. _ How hard it is his passion to confine!
I'm sure 'tis so, if I may judge by mine. [_Aside. _
Alas!
my lord, you're too obsequious now. [_To_ Don CARLOS.
_Don Car. _ Oh! might I but enjoy this pleasure still,
Here would I worship, and for ever kneel.
_Queen. _ 'Fore Heaven, my lord! you know not what you do.
_King. _ Still there appears disturbance on his brow;
And in his looks an earnestness I read,
Which from no common causes can proceed. [_Aside. _
I'll probe him deep. When, when, my dearest joy,
[_To the_ QUEEN.
Shall I the mighty debt of love defray?
Hence to love's secret temple let's retire,
There on his altars kindle the amorous fire,
Then, phoenix-like, each in the flame expire. --
Still he is fixed. [_Looking on_ Don CARLOS. ] Gomez, observe
the prince. --
Yet smile on me, my charming excellence.
[_To the_ QUEEN.
Virgins should only fears and blushes show;
But you must lay aside that title now.
The doctrine which I preach, by Heaven, is good:--
Oh, the impetuous sallies of my blood!
_Queen. _ To what unwelcome joys I'm forced to yield?
Now fate her utmost malice has fulfilled.
Carlos, farewell; for since I must submit--
_King. _ Now, winged with rapture, let us fly, my sweet.
My son, all troubles from thy breast resign,
And let thy father's happiness be thine.
[_Exeunt_ KING _and_ QUEEN,
RUY-GOMEZ, Duchess of EBOLI,
HENRIETTA, GARCIA, _and_ Attendants.
_Don Car. _ What king, what god would not his power forego,
To enjoy so much divinity below!
Didst thou behold her, Posa?
_M. of Posa. _ Sir, I did.
_Don Car. _ And is she not a sweet one? Such a bride!
O Posa, once she was decreed for mine:
Once I had hopes of bliss. Hadst thou but seen
How blest, how proud I was if I could get
But leave to lie a prostrate at her feet!
Even with a look I could my pains beguile;
Nay, she in pity too would sometimes smile;
Till at the last my vows successful proved,
And one day, sighing, she confessed she loved.
Oh! then I found no limits to our joy,
With eyes thus languishing we looked all day;
So vigorous and strong we darted beams,
Our meeting glances kindled into flames;
Nothing we found that promised not delight:
For when rude shades deprived us of the light,
As we had gazed all day, we dreamt all night.
But, after all these labours undergone,
A cruel father thus destroys his son;
In their full height my choicest hopes beguiles,
And robs me of the fruit of all my toils.
My dearest Posa, thou wert ever kind;
Bring thy best counsel, and direct my mind.
_Re-enter_ RUY-GOMEZ.
_Ruy-Gom. _ Still he is here. My lord!
_Don Car. _ Your business now?
_Ruy-Gom. _ I've with concern beheld your clouded brow.
Ah! though you've lost a beauty well might make
Your strictest honour and your duty shake,
Let not a father's ills[11] misguide your mind,
But be obedient, though he has proved unkind.
_Don Car. _ Hence, cynic, to dull slaves thy morals teach;
I have no leisure now to hear thee preach:
Still you'll usurp a power o'er my will.
_Ruy-Gom. _ Sir, you my services interpret ill:
Nor need it be so soon forgot that I
Have been your guardian from your infancy.
When to my charge committed, I alone
Instructed you how to expect a crown;
Taught you ambition, and war's noblest arts,
How to lead armies, and to conquer hearts;
Whilst, though but young,
You would with pleasure read of sieges got,
And smile to hear of bloody battles fought:
And, still, though not control, I may advise,
_Don Car. _ Alas! thy pride wears a too thin disguise:
Too well I know the falsehood of thy soul,
Which to my father rendered me so foul
That hardly as his son a smile I've known,
But always as a traitor met his frown.
My forward honour was ambition called;
Or, if my friends my early fame extolled,
You damped my father's smiles still as they sprung,
Persuading I repined he lived too long.
So all my hopes by you were frustrate made,
And, robbed of sunshine, withered in the shade.
Whilst, my good patriot! you disposed the crown
Out of my reach, to have it in your own.
But I'll prevent your policy--
_Ruy-Gom. _ My lord,
This accusation is unjust and hard.
The king, your father, would not so upbraid
My age: is all my service thus repaid?
But I will hence, and let my master hear
How generously you reward my care;
Who, on my just complaint, I doubt not, will
At least redress the injuries I feel. [_Exit. _
_M. of Posa. _ Alas! my lord, you too severely urge
Your fate; his interest with the king is large.
Besides, you know he has already seen
The transports of your passion for the queen.
The use he may of that advantage make
You ought at least to avoid, but for her sake.
_Don. Car. _ Ah! my dear friend, thou'st touched my tenderest part;
I never yet learned the dissembling art.
Go, call him back; tell him that I implore
His pardon, and will ne'er offend him more.
The queen! kind Heaven, make her thy nearest care!
Oh! fly, o'ertake him ere he goes too far. [_Exit_ Marquis of POSA.
How are we bandied up and down by fate!
By so much more unhappy as we're great.
A prince, and heir to Spain's great monarch born,
I'm forced to court a slave whom most I scorn;
Who like a bramble 'mongst a cedar's boughs,
Vexes his peace under whose shades he grows.
Now he returns: assist me falsehood--down,
Thou rebel passion--
_Re-enter_ RUY-GOMEZ _and the_ Marquis of POSA.
Sir, I fear I've done
[_To_ RUY-GOMEZ.
You wrong; but, if I have, you can forgive.
Heaven! can I do this abject thing, and live? [_Aside. _
_Ruy-Gom. _ Ah, my good lord, it makes too large amends,
When to his vassal thus a prince descends;
Though it was something rigid and unkind,
To upbraid your faithful servant and your friend.
_Don Car. _ Alas! no more; all jealousies shall cease;
Between us two let there be henceforth peace.
So may just Heaven assist me when I sue,
As I to Gomez always will be true.
_Ruy-Gom. _ Stay, sir, and for this mighty favour take
All the return sincerity can make.
Blest in your father's love, as I'm in yours,
May not one fear disturb your happy hours!
Crowned with success may all your wishes be,
And you ne'er find worse enemies than me!
[_Exeunt_ Don CARLOS _and_ Marquis of POSA.
Nor, spite of all his greatness, shall he need:
Of too long date his ruin is decreed.
Spain's early hopes of him have been my fears;
'Twas I the charge had of his tender years,
And read in all the progress of his growth,
An untamed, haughty, hot, and furious youth;
A will unruly, and a spirit wild;
At all my precepts still with scorn he smiled.
Or when, by the power I from his father had,
Any restraint was on his pleasures laid,
Ushered with frowns on me his soul would rise,
And threaten future vengeance from his eyes.
But now to all my fears I bid adieu;
For, prince, I'll humble both your fate and you.
Here comes the star by whom my course I steer.
_Re-enter_ Duchess of EBOLI.
Welcome, my love!
_D. of Eboli. _ My lord, why stay you here,
Losing the pleasures of this happy night?
When all the court are melting in delight,
You toil with the dull business of the state.
_Ruy-Gom. _ Only, my fair one, how to make thee great.
Thou takest up all the business of my heart,
And only to it pleasure canst impart.
Say, say, my goddess, when shall I be blest?
It is an age since I was happy last.
_D. of Eboli. _ My lord, I come not hither now to hear
Your love, but offer something to your ear.
If you have well observed, you must have seen,
To-day, some strange disorders in the queen.
_Ruy-Gom. _ Yes, such as youthful brides do still express,
Impatient longings for the happiness.
Approaching joys will so disturb the soul,
As needles always tremble near the pole.
_D. of Eboli. _ Come, come, my lord, seem not so blind; too well
I've seen the wrongs which you from Carlos feel;
And know your judgment is too good to lose
Advantage, where you may so safely choose.
Say now, if I inform you how you may
With full revenge all your past wrongs repay--
_Ruy-Gom. _ Blest oracle! speak how it may be done:
My will, my life, my hopes, are all thy own.
_D. of Eboli. _ Hence then, and with your strictest cunning try
What of the queen and prince you can descry;
Watch every look, each quick and subtle glance;
Then we'll from all produce such circumstance
As shall the king's new jealousy advance.
Nay, sir, I'll try what mighty love you show:
If you will make me great, begin it now.
How, sir, d'ye stand considering what to do?
_Ruy-Gom. _ No, but methinks I view from hence a king,
A queen, and prince, three goodly flowers spring:
Whilst on them like a subtle bee I'll prey,
Till, so their strength and virtue drawn away,
Unable to recover, each shall droop,
Grow pale, and fading hang his withered top:
Then, fraught with thyme, triumphant back I'll come,
And unlade all the precious sweets at home. [_Exit. _
_D. of Eboli. _ In thy fond policy, blind fool, go on,
And make what haste thou canst to be undone,
Whilst I have nobler business of my own.
Was I bred up in greatness; have I been
Nurtured with glorious hopes to be a queen;
Made love my study, and with practised charms
Prepared myself to meet a monarch's arms;
At last to be condemned to the embrace
Of one whom nature made to her disgrace,
An old, imperfect, feeble dotard, who
Can only tell (alas! ) what he would do?
On him to throw away my youth and bloom,
As jewels that are lost to enrich a tomb?
No, though all hopes are in a husband dead,
Another path to happiness I'll tread;
Elsewhere find joys which I'm in him denied:
Yet, while he can, let the slave serve my pride.
Still I'll in pleasure live, in glory shine;
The gallant, youthful Austria shall be mine:
To him with all my force of charms I'll move:
Let others toil for greatness, whilst I love. [_Exit. _
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
FOOTNOTES:
[11] _i. e. _ Faults.
ACT THE SECOND.
SCENE I. --_An Orange Grove, near the Palace. _
_Enter_ Don JOHN of Austria.
Don John. Why should dull law rule nature, who first made
That law by which herself is now betrayed?
Ere man's corruptions made him wretched, he
Was born most noble that was born most free:
Each of himself was lord, and, unconfined,
Obeyed the dictates of his god-like mind.
Law was an innovation brought in since,
When fools began to love obedience,
And called their slavery safety and defence.
My glorious father got me in his heat,
When all he did was eminently great:
When warlike Belgia felt his conquering power,
And the proud Germans owned him emperor,
Why should it be a stain then on my blood,
Because I came not in the common road,
But born obscure, and so more like a god?
No; though his diadem another wear,
At least to all his pleasures I'll be heir.
Here I should meet my Eboli, my fair.
_Enter_ Duchess of EBOLI.
She comes; as the bright Cyprian goddess moves,
When loose, and in her chariot drawn by doves,
She rides to meet the warlike god she loves.
_D. of Eboli. _ Alas! my lord, you know not with what fear
And hazard I am come to meet you here.
_Don John. _ Oh, banish it: lovers like us should fly,
And, mounted by their wishes, soar on high,
Where softest ecstasies and transports are,
While fear alone disturbs the lower air.
_D. of Eboli. _ But who is safe when eyes are everywhere?
Or, if we could with happiest secrecy
Enjoy these sweets, oh, whither shall we fly
To escape that sight whence we can nothing hide?
_Don John. _ Alas! lay this religion now aside;
I'll show thee one more pleasant, that which Jove
Set forth to the old world, when from above
He came himself, and taught his mortals love.
_D. of Eboli. _ Will nothing then quench your unruly flame?
My lord, you might consider who I am.
_Don John. _ I know you're her I love, what should I more
Regard?
_D. of Eboli. _ [_Aside. _] By Heaven, he's brave! --
But can so poor
A thought possess your breast, to think that I
Will brand my name with lust and infamy?
_Don John. _ Those who are noblest born should higher prize
Love's sweets. Oh! let me fly into those eyes!
There's something in them leads my soul astray:
As he who in a necromancer's glass
Beholds his wished-for fortune by him pass,
Yet still with greedy eyes
Pursues the vision as it glides away.
_D. of Eboli. _ Protect me, Heaven!
