26 Sinn 1988; Hoffelner 1999;
Figueira
1991.
Ancient-greek-cults-a-guide
4-7 and Pl.
1
(relief); Berranger 1992. 195-98; Larson 2001. 170 (Thasos).
23 Paus. 1. 22. 8 (Sokrates); Palagia 1990; Pirenne-Delforge 1996. 201-7; Mikalson
1998. 174-78.
24 KN 206 = Cg 705 [Chadwick and Ventris 1973]; Willetts 1958; Faure? 1964. 82-
94; Pingiatoglou 1981. 36, 52-53; Marinatos 1996; Sporn 2002. 94-96.
25 Paus. 1. 18. 5, 8. 21. 3, 9. 27. 2 (Olen); Bruneau 1970. 212-17; Furley and Bremer
2001, Vol. 1. 146-51.
26 Paus. 6. 20. 2-6 (Sosipolis); Hadzisteliou Price 1978. 138-47 and passim; Kilian
1978.
27 Paus. 2. 35. 11 (Hermione), 6. 20. 3 (Olympia).
28 Laumonier 1958. 344; Kraus 1960. 24-56; Simon 1986. 4, 54.
29 Boedeker 1983; Clay 1984.
218
NOTES
30 Aesch. TrGF 388 (hekataia); Soph. TrGF 535 (Rhizotomoi); Theopompus FGrH 115 F 344 (garlands); Johnston 1990. 21-28, 1991, 1999. 203-49.
31 Dem. 54. 14, 39; Parker 1983. 30, n. 65.
32 Stesichorus fr. 215 PMG; Johnston 1999. 238-49.
33 IG IX. 2 575, 577; Johnston 1999. 208-15, n. 42. Cf. Miller 1974. 251.
34 Gager 1992 no. 40.
35 Fp 1, Fh 390, V 52 = KN 208 (Knossos) [Chadwick and Ventris 1973]; Chadwick
1985. 193; Jost 1985. 305.
36 Jameson, Jordan, and Kotansky 1993. 79; Johnston 1999. 250-87. Contra: Clin-
ton 1996a. 166.
37 Dem. 21. 114-15, 23. 67-68; Lloyd-Jones 1990; Henrichs 1983b, 1994. 39-54.
38 Paus. 2. 11. 4 (Sikyon), 7. 25. 7 (Keryneia), 8. 34. 1-4 (Megalopolis); Burkert
1996. 37.
39 Vollgraff 1944-45; Sarian 1986 no. 118 (votive relief with snakes).
13 STRANGERS AND INDIGENES: LATECOMER AND REGIONAL DEITIES
1 Henrichs 1976. 266-76; Roller 1999. 119-41; Hermary 2000.
2 Graf 1985. 107-15; Roller 1999. 163-69.
3 Wycherley 1957. 150-51; Parker 1996. 188-94; Borgeaud 2004. 11-15.
4 Schol. Pind. Pyth. 3. 137-39; Plut. Vit. Them. 30.
5 Roller 1999. 143-85; Borgeaud 2004. 34-38. "Attis" in the Archaic period:
Vermaseren 1977-, Vol. 2, nos. 695-718 (Cyprus).
6 Braun and Haevernick 1981. 99-110, Pl. 33-34.
7 Hemberg 1950. 184-205; Schachter 1981-, Vol. 2. 66-110, 2003; Daumas
1998. 19-46, 61-89.
8 Accame 1941-43; Hemberg 1950. 160-70; Levi 1966.
9 Diog. Laert. 6. 59 (Diagoras).
10 Mnaseas in Schol. Ap. Rhod. 1. 916-18b Wendel; Hemberg 1950. 303-11.
11 Cic. Nat. D. 3. 22 (56); Varro Ling. 5. 58
12 Lehmann and Lehmann 1959-, Vol. 5. 267-302; McCredie 1968; Cole 1984. 1-
20, 30; Bergquist 1990. 34, n. 42.
13 Parke 1967. 194-241.
14 Paus. 9. 16. 1 (statue).
15 Malkin 1994. 158-68.
16 Hdt. e. g. 1. 46, 3. 25; Eur. Alc. 115; Ar. Av. 619-20, 716; Plato Alc. 2. 149b; Plut.
Vit. Lys. 25. 3; Paus. 3. 18. 3 (Lysander).
17 Classen 1959; Woodward 1962; Bosworth 1977.
18 Garland 1992. 111-14, fig. 25-26; Larson 2001. 173.
19 Ferguson 1944. 101 (on IG II2 1496).
20 Simms 1988; Pache 2004.
21 Paus. 9. 40. 3; Marinatos 1924-25; Gallet de Santerre 1958,154-55; Willetts
1962. 179-93; Sporn 2002. 76.
22 Ant. Lib. Met. 40.
23 Guarducci 1935. 189-92; Sporn 2002. 277-78.
24 Ant. Lib. Met. 40; Paus. 2. 30. 3.
25 IG IV 1582; Schwandner 1976;Williams 1981, 1982.
26 Sinn 1988; Hoffelner 1999; Figueira 1991. 31-39.
27 Rudhardt 1999. 43-57.
28 Paus. 9. 25. 4 (Thebes); Miller 1974; Schachter 1981-, Vol. 3. 50-52.
29 Davies EGF 31, 37-38 (summary of Proclus and Cypria fr. 7); Stafford 2000. 45-
73.
219
NOTES
30 Cratinus frs. 114-27 Kassel-Austin PCG; Friendly and Karapanayiotis 1973; Petrakos 1991. 14-31; Lapatin 1992; Stafford 2000. 75-110.
31 Figueira 1993. 57-58.
32 Figueira 1991. 31-39.
14 ANOMALOUS IMMORTALS: HERO-GODS AND HEROINE-GODDESSES
1 Burkert 1979. 78-98; Salowey 2002 (Mycenaean).
2 Jourdain-Annequin 1986, 1992b.
3 Farnell 1921. 95-145, 155-74; Nilsson 1923, 1951 Vol. 1. 348-54 (Mt. Oita);
Verbanck-Pie? rard 1989; Le? ve^que and Verbanck-Pie? rard 1992; Georgoudi 1998.
4 Pache 2004. 49-57; Leitao 2002.
5 Boardman 1972, 1975, 1989; Vanderpool 1942, 1966.
6 Ath. 6. 234d-e (parasites); Woodford 1971. 215-19.
7 Wycherley 1959; Woodford 1976. 218-19; Georgoudi 1998.
8 IG I3 1016; Isaeus 9. 30 (thiasos of Herakles); Hch. and Phot. s. v. oiniste ? ria
(libation); Walter 1937; Woodford 1971. 214-15 (shrines); Tagalidou 1993. 7-
49.
9 Bonnet 1985, 1988. 346-71. Cf. Paus. 7. 5. 5-8; Graf 1985. 296-316 (Erythrai).
10 Launey 1944; Bergquist 1973, 1998; Courtils and Pariente 1988; Scullion 2000. 166-67.
11 Clem. Alex. Protr. 42 (statue); Salowey 1995. 21.
12 Paus. 3. 15. 3-9; Malkin 1994. 15-45.
13 Thuc. 5. 64. 5, 5. 66. 1 (Mantineia); Xen. Hell. 7. 1. 31 (Eutresis); Paus. 3. 14. 6-8
(Dromos, Planes).
14 Meiggs and Lewis 1969, no. 38; Martin 1979; Jourdain-Annequin 1992b. For
Italy, see the sixth-century dedication of Nikomachos: IG XIV 652 (Meta-
pontion).
15 Bonnet 1985; Burkert 1992. 87, n. 27; Tagalidou 1993. 104-22.
16 Farnell 1916, 1921. 35-47.
17 Lyons 1997. 64-67, 122-24; Pache 2004. 149-52.
18 Conon FGrH 26 F 1. 33 (Miletos); Graf 1985. 405-6.
19 Paus. 1. 42. 7 (Megara), 3. 23. 8 (Lakonia); Bonnet 1986; Kardulias 2001.
20 Gallet de Santerre 1958. 265-66; Hermary 1978. 56-62; Furley and Bremer 2001
Vol. 1. 166-71, 2. 117-19.
21 Ward 1970; West 1975; Sansone 1991.
22 Hdt. 5. 75 (kings); Plat. Leg. 796b (dance); Plut. Vit. Lyc. 15. 3 (bride-capture);
Farnell 1921. 229-33; Pendergraft and Hartigan 1994; Calame 1997. 187-91.
23 Tod and Wace 1906 nos. 7-15, 113-18, etc. ; Pirzio Birolli Stefanelli 1977; Guarducci 1984; Auge? and Linant de Bellefonds 1986 nos. 58-64 (Lakonian reliefs), 66-70 (Tarentine plaques). Another series of plaques in Messene: Themelis
1998.
24 Jeffery 1961. 210; Camp 1978.
25 Simon. fr. 11 West IE2; Paus. 4. 16. 5, 9 (Aristomenes); Strabo 6. 1. 10 (Sagra); van
Compernolle 1969; Sordi 1972b; Lorenz 1992; Moscati Castelnuovo 1995;
Hornblower 2001. 140-47.
26 Cf. Ath. 4. 147e; Jameson 1994.
27 Plat. Phdr. 243a-b; Isoc. Helen 64; Davies 1982.
28 Theoc. Id. 18. 1-8, 39-44 (Dromos and Planes). Cf. Paus. 3. 19. 9 (Rhodes); Calame
1997. 191-202; Larson 2001. 64-70, 80-83.
29 West 1975. 5-6; Catling 1976; Antonaccio 1995. 155-66.
220
NOTES
30 Chapouthier 1935. 132-51; Kearns 1989. 148, 158.
31 Edelstein and Edelstein 1975. 53-64, T 337.
32 Lambrinoudakis 2002.
33 Edelstein and Edelstein 1975. 76-91; Stafford 2000. 147-71.
34 LiDonnici 1992a, 1995. 85, 93.
35 SEG 32 (1982) 266; Ov. Met. 15. 626-744 (Rome); Paus. 2. 10. 3 (Sikyon), 3. 23. 7 (Epidauros Limera).
36 Beschi 1967-68, 1985; Aleshire 1989. 7-51; Garland 1992. 116-35.
37 van Straten 1995. 63-72.
15 THE POWERFUL DEAD: HEROES AND HEROINES
1 Ekroth 2000, 2002. 140-50, 242-69; Kearns 1989. 144, 149, 159, etc.
2 Morris 1988; Alcock 1991; Malkin 1993; Antonaccio 1994, 1995. 1-9; Whitley
1994; Snodgrass 2000a [1988].
3 Broneer 1942; Lambrinoudakis 1988; Carter 1997; Antonaccio 1995. 199-243.
4 Nagy 1979. 142-50; Lyons 1997. 71-77.
5 Antonaccio 1994; Larson 1995b. 83-84; Salapata 1997, 2002.
6 Jameson 1990; Antonaccio 1995. 147-52; Hall 1999. 55-57.
(relief); Berranger 1992. 195-98; Larson 2001. 170 (Thasos).
23 Paus. 1. 22. 8 (Sokrates); Palagia 1990; Pirenne-Delforge 1996. 201-7; Mikalson
1998. 174-78.
24 KN 206 = Cg 705 [Chadwick and Ventris 1973]; Willetts 1958; Faure? 1964. 82-
94; Pingiatoglou 1981. 36, 52-53; Marinatos 1996; Sporn 2002. 94-96.
25 Paus. 1. 18. 5, 8. 21. 3, 9. 27. 2 (Olen); Bruneau 1970. 212-17; Furley and Bremer
2001, Vol. 1. 146-51.
26 Paus. 6. 20. 2-6 (Sosipolis); Hadzisteliou Price 1978. 138-47 and passim; Kilian
1978.
27 Paus. 2. 35. 11 (Hermione), 6. 20. 3 (Olympia).
28 Laumonier 1958. 344; Kraus 1960. 24-56; Simon 1986. 4, 54.
29 Boedeker 1983; Clay 1984.
218
NOTES
30 Aesch. TrGF 388 (hekataia); Soph. TrGF 535 (Rhizotomoi); Theopompus FGrH 115 F 344 (garlands); Johnston 1990. 21-28, 1991, 1999. 203-49.
31 Dem. 54. 14, 39; Parker 1983. 30, n. 65.
32 Stesichorus fr. 215 PMG; Johnston 1999. 238-49.
33 IG IX. 2 575, 577; Johnston 1999. 208-15, n. 42. Cf. Miller 1974. 251.
34 Gager 1992 no. 40.
35 Fp 1, Fh 390, V 52 = KN 208 (Knossos) [Chadwick and Ventris 1973]; Chadwick
1985. 193; Jost 1985. 305.
36 Jameson, Jordan, and Kotansky 1993. 79; Johnston 1999. 250-87. Contra: Clin-
ton 1996a. 166.
37 Dem. 21. 114-15, 23. 67-68; Lloyd-Jones 1990; Henrichs 1983b, 1994. 39-54.
38 Paus. 2. 11. 4 (Sikyon), 7. 25. 7 (Keryneia), 8. 34. 1-4 (Megalopolis); Burkert
1996. 37.
39 Vollgraff 1944-45; Sarian 1986 no. 118 (votive relief with snakes).
13 STRANGERS AND INDIGENES: LATECOMER AND REGIONAL DEITIES
1 Henrichs 1976. 266-76; Roller 1999. 119-41; Hermary 2000.
2 Graf 1985. 107-15; Roller 1999. 163-69.
3 Wycherley 1957. 150-51; Parker 1996. 188-94; Borgeaud 2004. 11-15.
4 Schol. Pind. Pyth. 3. 137-39; Plut. Vit. Them. 30.
5 Roller 1999. 143-85; Borgeaud 2004. 34-38. "Attis" in the Archaic period:
Vermaseren 1977-, Vol. 2, nos. 695-718 (Cyprus).
6 Braun and Haevernick 1981. 99-110, Pl. 33-34.
7 Hemberg 1950. 184-205; Schachter 1981-, Vol. 2. 66-110, 2003; Daumas
1998. 19-46, 61-89.
8 Accame 1941-43; Hemberg 1950. 160-70; Levi 1966.
9 Diog. Laert. 6. 59 (Diagoras).
10 Mnaseas in Schol. Ap. Rhod. 1. 916-18b Wendel; Hemberg 1950. 303-11.
11 Cic. Nat. D. 3. 22 (56); Varro Ling. 5. 58
12 Lehmann and Lehmann 1959-, Vol. 5. 267-302; McCredie 1968; Cole 1984. 1-
20, 30; Bergquist 1990. 34, n. 42.
13 Parke 1967. 194-241.
14 Paus. 9. 16. 1 (statue).
15 Malkin 1994. 158-68.
16 Hdt. e. g. 1. 46, 3. 25; Eur. Alc. 115; Ar. Av. 619-20, 716; Plato Alc. 2. 149b; Plut.
Vit. Lys. 25. 3; Paus. 3. 18. 3 (Lysander).
17 Classen 1959; Woodward 1962; Bosworth 1977.
18 Garland 1992. 111-14, fig. 25-26; Larson 2001. 173.
19 Ferguson 1944. 101 (on IG II2 1496).
20 Simms 1988; Pache 2004.
21 Paus. 9. 40. 3; Marinatos 1924-25; Gallet de Santerre 1958,154-55; Willetts
1962. 179-93; Sporn 2002. 76.
22 Ant. Lib. Met. 40.
23 Guarducci 1935. 189-92; Sporn 2002. 277-78.
24 Ant. Lib. Met. 40; Paus. 2. 30. 3.
25 IG IV 1582; Schwandner 1976;Williams 1981, 1982.
26 Sinn 1988; Hoffelner 1999; Figueira 1991. 31-39.
27 Rudhardt 1999. 43-57.
28 Paus. 9. 25. 4 (Thebes); Miller 1974; Schachter 1981-, Vol. 3. 50-52.
29 Davies EGF 31, 37-38 (summary of Proclus and Cypria fr. 7); Stafford 2000. 45-
73.
219
NOTES
30 Cratinus frs. 114-27 Kassel-Austin PCG; Friendly and Karapanayiotis 1973; Petrakos 1991. 14-31; Lapatin 1992; Stafford 2000. 75-110.
31 Figueira 1993. 57-58.
32 Figueira 1991. 31-39.
14 ANOMALOUS IMMORTALS: HERO-GODS AND HEROINE-GODDESSES
1 Burkert 1979. 78-98; Salowey 2002 (Mycenaean).
2 Jourdain-Annequin 1986, 1992b.
3 Farnell 1921. 95-145, 155-74; Nilsson 1923, 1951 Vol. 1. 348-54 (Mt. Oita);
Verbanck-Pie? rard 1989; Le? ve^que and Verbanck-Pie? rard 1992; Georgoudi 1998.
4 Pache 2004. 49-57; Leitao 2002.
5 Boardman 1972, 1975, 1989; Vanderpool 1942, 1966.
6 Ath. 6. 234d-e (parasites); Woodford 1971. 215-19.
7 Wycherley 1959; Woodford 1976. 218-19; Georgoudi 1998.
8 IG I3 1016; Isaeus 9. 30 (thiasos of Herakles); Hch. and Phot. s. v. oiniste ? ria
(libation); Walter 1937; Woodford 1971. 214-15 (shrines); Tagalidou 1993. 7-
49.
9 Bonnet 1985, 1988. 346-71. Cf. Paus. 7. 5. 5-8; Graf 1985. 296-316 (Erythrai).
10 Launey 1944; Bergquist 1973, 1998; Courtils and Pariente 1988; Scullion 2000. 166-67.
11 Clem. Alex. Protr. 42 (statue); Salowey 1995. 21.
12 Paus. 3. 15. 3-9; Malkin 1994. 15-45.
13 Thuc. 5. 64. 5, 5. 66. 1 (Mantineia); Xen. Hell. 7. 1. 31 (Eutresis); Paus. 3. 14. 6-8
(Dromos, Planes).
14 Meiggs and Lewis 1969, no. 38; Martin 1979; Jourdain-Annequin 1992b. For
Italy, see the sixth-century dedication of Nikomachos: IG XIV 652 (Meta-
pontion).
15 Bonnet 1985; Burkert 1992. 87, n. 27; Tagalidou 1993. 104-22.
16 Farnell 1916, 1921. 35-47.
17 Lyons 1997. 64-67, 122-24; Pache 2004. 149-52.
18 Conon FGrH 26 F 1. 33 (Miletos); Graf 1985. 405-6.
19 Paus. 1. 42. 7 (Megara), 3. 23. 8 (Lakonia); Bonnet 1986; Kardulias 2001.
20 Gallet de Santerre 1958. 265-66; Hermary 1978. 56-62; Furley and Bremer 2001
Vol. 1. 166-71, 2. 117-19.
21 Ward 1970; West 1975; Sansone 1991.
22 Hdt. 5. 75 (kings); Plat. Leg. 796b (dance); Plut. Vit. Lyc. 15. 3 (bride-capture);
Farnell 1921. 229-33; Pendergraft and Hartigan 1994; Calame 1997. 187-91.
23 Tod and Wace 1906 nos. 7-15, 113-18, etc. ; Pirzio Birolli Stefanelli 1977; Guarducci 1984; Auge? and Linant de Bellefonds 1986 nos. 58-64 (Lakonian reliefs), 66-70 (Tarentine plaques). Another series of plaques in Messene: Themelis
1998.
24 Jeffery 1961. 210; Camp 1978.
25 Simon. fr. 11 West IE2; Paus. 4. 16. 5, 9 (Aristomenes); Strabo 6. 1. 10 (Sagra); van
Compernolle 1969; Sordi 1972b; Lorenz 1992; Moscati Castelnuovo 1995;
Hornblower 2001. 140-47.
26 Cf. Ath. 4. 147e; Jameson 1994.
27 Plat. Phdr. 243a-b; Isoc. Helen 64; Davies 1982.
28 Theoc. Id. 18. 1-8, 39-44 (Dromos and Planes). Cf. Paus. 3. 19. 9 (Rhodes); Calame
1997. 191-202; Larson 2001. 64-70, 80-83.
29 West 1975. 5-6; Catling 1976; Antonaccio 1995. 155-66.
220
NOTES
30 Chapouthier 1935. 132-51; Kearns 1989. 148, 158.
31 Edelstein and Edelstein 1975. 53-64, T 337.
32 Lambrinoudakis 2002.
33 Edelstein and Edelstein 1975. 76-91; Stafford 2000. 147-71.
34 LiDonnici 1992a, 1995. 85, 93.
35 SEG 32 (1982) 266; Ov. Met. 15. 626-744 (Rome); Paus. 2. 10. 3 (Sikyon), 3. 23. 7 (Epidauros Limera).
36 Beschi 1967-68, 1985; Aleshire 1989. 7-51; Garland 1992. 116-35.
37 van Straten 1995. 63-72.
15 THE POWERFUL DEAD: HEROES AND HEROINES
1 Ekroth 2000, 2002. 140-50, 242-69; Kearns 1989. 144, 149, 159, etc.
2 Morris 1988; Alcock 1991; Malkin 1993; Antonaccio 1994, 1995. 1-9; Whitley
1994; Snodgrass 2000a [1988].
3 Broneer 1942; Lambrinoudakis 1988; Carter 1997; Antonaccio 1995. 199-243.
4 Nagy 1979. 142-50; Lyons 1997. 71-77.
5 Antonaccio 1994; Larson 1995b. 83-84; Salapata 1997, 2002.
6 Jameson 1990; Antonaccio 1995. 147-52; Hall 1999. 55-57.
