He
compelled them, by his persecution, to fly to distant was a disciple of Porphyry, and one of the most
parts.
compelled them, by his persecution, to fly to distant was a disciple of Porphyry, and one of the most
parts.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Biblioth.
Graec.
vol.
vii.
pp.
368, 435,
library of St. Mark at Venice, though the MS. &c. , vol. x. p. 398 ; Schoell, Hist. de la Litterature
is mutilated at the beginning. A copy (whether Grecque Profune, vol. vii. p. 26, 2d ed. Paris,
transcribed from the Venetian MS. is not known) 1825. )
was in the possession of Allatius, who intended to 9. Of ANCYRA. Fabricius in two places (Bill.
publish it, but who never fulfilled his intention ; Graec. vol. viii. p. 696, x. p. 359) mentions a Theo-
nor has it ever been published. Allatius sent a dore of Ancyra, as being cited in the Catenae of the
transcript of some portions to Valesius, who em- Fathers on the Acts of the Apostles and the Catholic
ployed it in correcting the text of his edition of Epistles: but the similarity of the names leads us
the original authors. Theodore's own history is to suspect that the author cited is Theodotus, who
lost, except some extracts από φωνής Νικηφόρου | was bishop of Ancyra in the first half of the fifth
Kalliotou Toù savdoroútov, ex ore Nicephori century. The names Theodotus and Theodorus
Callisti Xanthopuli. As Nicephorus never in his are in MSS. frequently confounded (comp. Fabric.
own Ecclesiastical History quotes Theodore, except Bill. Graec. vol. x. p. 512). Dr. J. . A. Cramer, in the
for statements contained in these extracts, it is Cutena in Acta SS. Apostolorum, edited under his
fairly inferred by Valesius that the original was not care (8vo. Oxford, 1838), has substituted (pp. 33,
in his hands; and that the extracts were made by 227, 427, 438) the name of Theodotus where the
some one before his time, and were all the remains MSS. bave that of “ Theodore of Ancyra," or
of Theodore's work then extant, at least all that “ Theodore the Monk,” or “ Theodore the Monk
he had access to. These extracts ('Ekhoyat, Er- and Presbyter. ”
cerpta) were first published by Robert Stephens, 10. Of ANTIDA or AndIda or more correctly
with Eusebius and the other Greek ecclesiastical of SANDIDA, a bishopric of the province of Pam-
historians, fol. Paris, 1544 ; and again, with the phylia Secunda, of which Perga was the ecclesi-
Latin version of Christopherson, fol. Geneva, astical metropolis (comp. Le Quien, Oriens Christian.
1612: but the best edition is that of Henri Valois, vol. i. col. 1013, 1030). Allatius in several of his
or Valesius ; who published them with the ecclesias- works has cited some passages from an Erpositio
tical histories of Theodoret, Evagrius, and Philostor- Missue by “ Theodorus Antidorum (s. Andidorum)
gius, fol. Paris, 1673, reprinted under the care of Episcopus: ” but gives us no clue to the age of the
Reading, fol. Cambridge, 1720, and again at Turin, writer except in one place, and there (J. H. Hot
1748. Valesius published not only the Excerpta tingerus fraudis, &c. convictus, p. 12, 8vo. Rom.
of Nicephorus, but some other fragments of Theo- 1661) we only learn that Theodore was later than
dore. Combéns, in his Originum Rcrumque C'Po- Photius, who lived in the ninth century. The
litanarum Manipulus, and Bandurius in his Im- citations of Allatius are enumerated by Fabricius
perium Orientale, have given an anonymous work i (Bill. Gracc, vol. x. p. 372).
Παραστάσεις σύντομο χρονικαί, Breves Demon- 11. Of ANTIOCH (1-6). There were several pa-
strationes s. Enarrationes Chronographicae, in which triarchs of Antioch of the name of Theodore. An
are some citations from a Oebowpos, Theodorus, or Arian patriarch in the reign of the emperor Valens
Beodwpos ’Avayváotns, Theodorus Lector, or is called Dorotheus by Sozomen (H. E. vi. 37),
Θεόδωρος Χρονογράφος αναρρωσθείς αναγνώσμασιν, but Theodorus by Philostorgius (Η. Ε. ix. 14), who
Theodorus Chronographus Lectionibus clarus (comp. I identifies him with Theodore of Heracleia (No. 42).
## p. 1049 (#1065) ##########################################
THEODORUS.
1049
THEODORUS.
The orthodox Greeks do not recognise him ; their | in the church ; Pope Vigilius resisted the con-
lists contuin Theodorus I. from a. D. 750 or 751 to demnation for a time, and issued an act of deposition
773 or 774, or later; Theodorus 11. under the reign and excommunication against Theodore, which was
of the emperor Johu Tzimisces ; Theodorus III. in of no effect. The emperor persisted ; bribery and
the first half of the eleventh century ; Theodorus persecution were freely employed to obtain eccle-
IV. a learned jurist (Balsamo, THEODORUS) in siastical support for the imperial edict; and so great
the twelfth century; and Theodore V. of a more was the confusion that even Theodore himself is
recent date. (Le Quien, Oriens Christian. vol. ii. ) said to have publicly acknowledged that both he
Theodoretus, successor of Theodorus I. , is sometimes and his great opponent the deacon Pelagius, the
erroneously called Theodorus. (Fabric. Bill. Gracc. pope's legate, deserved to be burnt alive for the
vol. x. p. 396, vol. xii. p. 733. ) An extract from scandals their struggle had occasioned. The dis-
a Eurodikóv, Synodica Epistola, of Thcodore of turbance was only ended by the assembling of the
Antioch, evidently Theodore I. , is cited by Theo fifth general (or second Constantinopolitan) council
dore Studita in his Antirrhcticus II. (Sirmond, A. D. 553. That council condemned Origen and
Opera Vuriu, vol. v. p. 121. ) Two works entitled his supporters on the one hand; and Theodore of
Ilomiliu de Suncto Theoloro Orientuli, and In Mopsuestia, Theodoret, and I bas on the other. Theo-
duodecim Prophetus, the first in Arabic, the second dore Ascidas subscribed to these several anathemas.
in Greek, both by a Theodore of Antioch, are extant He died A. D. 558 at Constantinople ; if, as is most
in MS. (Le Quien, Oriens Christiun, vol. ii. col. 746; likely, he is the bishop of Caesareia, whose death
Fabric. Bill. Gruec. vol. X. p. 396), but whether is noticed by Joannes Malalas, Chronographia, p.
they are by the same person, and with which of 234, ed. Oxford, p. 81, ed. Venice, p. 489, ed. Bonn.
the Theodores he is to be identified, is not known. (Cyril. Scythopolit. Sabae Vita, c. Ixxxiii
. &c. apud
12. Ascidas ('Aokiðas), a Cappadocian, first a Coteler. Alonumenta Eccles. Gracc. vol. iii. p. 361,
monk of the convent of Nova Laura in Palestine, &c. ; Evagrius, H. E. iv. 38 ; Liberat. Breviar. c.
and afterwards archbishop of Caesaraeia in Cappa- xxiii. xxiv. ; Malalas, Chronographia, p. 234, ed.
docia in the reign of Justinian I. He was probably Oxford, p. 81, ed. Venice, p. 489, ed. Bonn ; Con-
appointed to his see in A. D. 536, or soon after, but cilia, vol. iii. pp. 1, &c. ed. Hardouin ; Le Quien,
resided little in his diocese, being much at court, Oriens Christianus, vol. i. col. 378, &c. ) The Tes-
where he enjoyed the favour and confidence of the timonium of Theodore and of Cethegus the Patrician
emperor, and was much employed by him. He as to the tergiversation of Vigilius in the matter of
was also in favour with the empress Theodora, pro- the tria Capitula was first published by Baluse in
bably from his secretly holding the opinions of the his Supplementum to the Conciliu (Paris, 1683, and
Acephali. When the revival of the doctrines again 1707), and is given in the Concilia of
of Origen (ORIGENES) in the monasteries of Pa. Harduin, vol. iii. col. 184, and of Mansi, vol. ix.
lestine, and especially in that monastery called col. 363.
Nora Laura, began to excite attention, Eustochius, 13. ASINAEUS (d'Aoivalos), a Neo-Platonic phi-
patriarch of Jerusalem, a decided Anti-Origenist losopher, a native of one of the towns which bore
expelled from the convent of Nora Laura those of the name of Asine, probably of the Laconian Asine,
the monks who were known as Origenists, and on the coast, near the mouth of the Eurotas.
He
compelled them, by his persecution, to fly to distant was a disciple of Porphyry, and one of the most
parts. In their dispersion, however, they diffused eminent of the later Platonists. Proclus repeatedly
their views more widely, and their cause was mentions him in his commentaries on Plato (see
warmly espoused by many persons, of whom Theo- the references in Fabric. Billioth. Graec, vol. ix.
dore Ascidas was at once the most active and p. 443), and frequently adds to his name some
influential. He loudly protested against the conduct laudatory epithet, o péyas “the great," Savuaotós
of Eustochius as both impious and unjust ; so that " the admirable,” gevvalos “the noble. ” He wrote
Eustochius found it needful to send as delegates to a work on the soul, now lost. It is cited by
Constantinople, to counteract Theodore's influence, Nemesius of Emesa (NEMESIUS, No. 1] in his
several monks of his own party, at the head of De Natura Hominis, cap. ii. De Anima, under this
whom were Conon of the monastery of St. Saba and title of "Oti Ý Yuxo návra tà con éoti, Animam
Rufus, abbot of the monastery of St. Theodosius. esse omnes species. (Proclus, Comment. passim ;
Theodore, with undaunted resolution, maintained | Damascius, Vitu Isidori, apud Phot. Biblioth. Cod.
the Origenists, but the emperor was persuaded by 242 ; Brucker, Hist. Critica Philosoph. Period ii.
Pelagius the Deacon, legate of Pope Vigilius, and Pars i. Lib. i. c. 2. § 4, vol. ii. pp. 232, 249, ed.
by Mennas, patriarch of Constantinople, to order Leipzig. 1766 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 190,
the condemnation of certain propositions, extracted vol. jx. p. 443, vol. x. p. 373. )
by the Palestinian monks from the works of 14. Of ATHENS, father of the orator Isocrates
Origen and to anathematize their author. The [ISOCRATES) according to Photius. (Biblioth. Cod.
condemnation of Origen was a severe mortification 260. ) Theodorus was of the demos of Erchia,
to Theodore, who, however, availing himself of which was also the birth-place of the historian
this example of the anathematizing of the dead, Xenophon.
prevailed on the emperor, by holding out to him the 15. The Atheist. (No. 32. ]
prospect of thereby reconciling the Monophysites to 16. BALSAMO. [BALSAMO. ]
the church, to issue a libellus, condemning the 17. Of BYZANTIUM (1), a rhetorician or pleader
three decisions “tria Capitula" of the Council of of Byzantium. He is mentioned, but somewhat
Chalcedon, which recognised the orthodoxy of contemptuously by Plato (Phuedr. vol. iii. p. 266,
Theodoret of Cyrus, of Theodore of Mopsuestia, ed. Steph. vol. i. pt. i. p. 81, ed. Bekker, p. 811,
and of the Epistle of Ibas of Edessa ; and to ana- | ed. Baiter, 4to. Züric. 1839) as “the most excellent
thematize Theodore of Mopsuestia, a prelate much tricker-out of a speech," Tóv ge BÉATIOTOV Roya
reverenced by the opposite party. This condem-Saídalov. He appears to have written a treatise
dation of the tria Capitula excited great disturbances on rhetoric, as Plato, in the passage just cited,
.
## p. 1050 (#1066) ##########################################
1050
THEODORUS.
THEODORUS.
refers to the minute subdivisions of an oration depose the young emperor, and confer the purple
mentioned by Theodore (comp. Rufinus, De Com- on Leo, were defeated by the vigilance of Theo
positione et Metris Oratorum). Cicero (Brut. c. 12) dore, who prevailed on the emperor to summon to
describes him as excelling rather the theory his assistance Romanus, afterwards colleague of
than the practice of his art, “ in arte subtilior, in Constantine in the empire ; who, probably, from
orationibus autem jejunior. " He was apparently finding Theodore's fidelity an obstacle to his ad-
contemporary with Plato. Dionysius of Halicar- vancement, caused him and his brother Simeon to
nassus (Dc Antig. Oratorib. ; de Isaeo, C. 19) speaks be banished from Constantinople to their estates
of him as autiquated, careless and superficial. He in the Opsician thema, on the Asiatic side of the
is cursorily noticed by Quintilian (Institut. Orat. Bosporus. (Leo Grammaticus, Chronog. pp. 192–
iii. 1) and Diogenes Laertius (ii. 10+). Suidas | 496, ed. Paris ; Theoph. Continuat. lib. vi. De
(s. v. ) says he wrote Karà 'Avdokidou, Contra Constant. Porphyrog. cc. 11-16; Sym. Magist. De
Andocidem, Karà Opaouboúrov, Contra Thrasy. Constant. Porphyrog. cc. 12–16; Georg. Monach.
bulum, and some other pieces, which are all now De Constant. Porphyrog. cc. 20-34 ; Zonaras, An-
lost. (Diogenes Laërtius says (l. c. ) there was nales, xvi. 17 ; Cedrenus, Compend. pp. 614–619,
another sophist Theodore, but does not mention ed. Paris, vol. ii. pp. 289-296, ed. Bonn. ) To this
whether he was a Byzantine or not. Fabric. Bill. Theodore Lambecius ascribes the authorship of five
Graec. vol. vi. p. 139, vol. x. p. 382. )
Móyou, Orationes, extant in MS. in the Imperial Li-
18. Of ByzanTIUM (2), styled Diaconus et brary at Vienna. (Lambec. Commentar. de Biblioth.
RHETOR, a Monothelite of the time of Maximus Caesaraca, lib. 8. vol. iv. col. 22, &c. , ed. Kollar,
the Confessor (Maximus CONFESSOR). He was which he intended to publish. He has given some
Synodicarius (or representative in some synod) of extracts. (Lambec. vol. iii. p. 147, and l. c. ; Cave,
Paul, patriarch of Constantinople, an appointment Hist. Litt. ad ann. 920, vol. ii. p. 93; Oudin, De
which indicates the esteem in which he was held. Script. Eccles, vol. ii. col. 428 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
He was the author of two brief 'Atopiai, Dubita- vol. x. p. 384. )
tiones, which, with the 'ETIAÚDels, Solutiones, of 26. Of CONSTANTINOPLE (1-2). The list of
Maximus, are given by Combéfis in his edition of Patriarchs of Constantinople comprehends two
the works of that father. (Vol. ii. p. 116, &c. fol. Theodores: Theodore I. , from a. D. 676 to 678,
Paris, 1675. )
when he was deposed, on what account is not
19. Of CARA.
library of St. Mark at Venice, though the MS. &c. , vol. x. p. 398 ; Schoell, Hist. de la Litterature
is mutilated at the beginning. A copy (whether Grecque Profune, vol. vii. p. 26, 2d ed. Paris,
transcribed from the Venetian MS. is not known) 1825. )
was in the possession of Allatius, who intended to 9. Of ANCYRA. Fabricius in two places (Bill.
publish it, but who never fulfilled his intention ; Graec. vol. viii. p. 696, x. p. 359) mentions a Theo-
nor has it ever been published. Allatius sent a dore of Ancyra, as being cited in the Catenae of the
transcript of some portions to Valesius, who em- Fathers on the Acts of the Apostles and the Catholic
ployed it in correcting the text of his edition of Epistles: but the similarity of the names leads us
the original authors. Theodore's own history is to suspect that the author cited is Theodotus, who
lost, except some extracts από φωνής Νικηφόρου | was bishop of Ancyra in the first half of the fifth
Kalliotou Toù savdoroútov, ex ore Nicephori century. The names Theodotus and Theodorus
Callisti Xanthopuli. As Nicephorus never in his are in MSS. frequently confounded (comp. Fabric.
own Ecclesiastical History quotes Theodore, except Bill. Graec. vol. x. p. 512). Dr. J. . A. Cramer, in the
for statements contained in these extracts, it is Cutena in Acta SS. Apostolorum, edited under his
fairly inferred by Valesius that the original was not care (8vo. Oxford, 1838), has substituted (pp. 33,
in his hands; and that the extracts were made by 227, 427, 438) the name of Theodotus where the
some one before his time, and were all the remains MSS. bave that of “ Theodore of Ancyra," or
of Theodore's work then extant, at least all that “ Theodore the Monk,” or “ Theodore the Monk
he had access to. These extracts ('Ekhoyat, Er- and Presbyter. ”
cerpta) were first published by Robert Stephens, 10. Of ANTIDA or AndIda or more correctly
with Eusebius and the other Greek ecclesiastical of SANDIDA, a bishopric of the province of Pam-
historians, fol. Paris, 1544 ; and again, with the phylia Secunda, of which Perga was the ecclesi-
Latin version of Christopherson, fol. Geneva, astical metropolis (comp. Le Quien, Oriens Christian.
1612: but the best edition is that of Henri Valois, vol. i. col. 1013, 1030). Allatius in several of his
or Valesius ; who published them with the ecclesias- works has cited some passages from an Erpositio
tical histories of Theodoret, Evagrius, and Philostor- Missue by “ Theodorus Antidorum (s. Andidorum)
gius, fol. Paris, 1673, reprinted under the care of Episcopus: ” but gives us no clue to the age of the
Reading, fol. Cambridge, 1720, and again at Turin, writer except in one place, and there (J. H. Hot
1748. Valesius published not only the Excerpta tingerus fraudis, &c. convictus, p. 12, 8vo. Rom.
of Nicephorus, but some other fragments of Theo- 1661) we only learn that Theodore was later than
dore. Combéns, in his Originum Rcrumque C'Po- Photius, who lived in the ninth century. The
litanarum Manipulus, and Bandurius in his Im- citations of Allatius are enumerated by Fabricius
perium Orientale, have given an anonymous work i (Bill. Gracc, vol. x. p. 372).
Παραστάσεις σύντομο χρονικαί, Breves Demon- 11. Of ANTIOCH (1-6). There were several pa-
strationes s. Enarrationes Chronographicae, in which triarchs of Antioch of the name of Theodore. An
are some citations from a Oebowpos, Theodorus, or Arian patriarch in the reign of the emperor Valens
Beodwpos ’Avayváotns, Theodorus Lector, or is called Dorotheus by Sozomen (H. E. vi. 37),
Θεόδωρος Χρονογράφος αναρρωσθείς αναγνώσμασιν, but Theodorus by Philostorgius (Η. Ε. ix. 14), who
Theodorus Chronographus Lectionibus clarus (comp. I identifies him with Theodore of Heracleia (No. 42).
## p. 1049 (#1065) ##########################################
THEODORUS.
1049
THEODORUS.
The orthodox Greeks do not recognise him ; their | in the church ; Pope Vigilius resisted the con-
lists contuin Theodorus I. from a. D. 750 or 751 to demnation for a time, and issued an act of deposition
773 or 774, or later; Theodorus 11. under the reign and excommunication against Theodore, which was
of the emperor Johu Tzimisces ; Theodorus III. in of no effect. The emperor persisted ; bribery and
the first half of the eleventh century ; Theodorus persecution were freely employed to obtain eccle-
IV. a learned jurist (Balsamo, THEODORUS) in siastical support for the imperial edict; and so great
the twelfth century; and Theodore V. of a more was the confusion that even Theodore himself is
recent date. (Le Quien, Oriens Christian. vol. ii. ) said to have publicly acknowledged that both he
Theodoretus, successor of Theodorus I. , is sometimes and his great opponent the deacon Pelagius, the
erroneously called Theodorus. (Fabric. Bill. Gracc. pope's legate, deserved to be burnt alive for the
vol. x. p. 396, vol. xii. p. 733. ) An extract from scandals their struggle had occasioned. The dis-
a Eurodikóv, Synodica Epistola, of Thcodore of turbance was only ended by the assembling of the
Antioch, evidently Theodore I. , is cited by Theo fifth general (or second Constantinopolitan) council
dore Studita in his Antirrhcticus II. (Sirmond, A. D. 553. That council condemned Origen and
Opera Vuriu, vol. v. p. 121. ) Two works entitled his supporters on the one hand; and Theodore of
Ilomiliu de Suncto Theoloro Orientuli, and In Mopsuestia, Theodoret, and I bas on the other. Theo-
duodecim Prophetus, the first in Arabic, the second dore Ascidas subscribed to these several anathemas.
in Greek, both by a Theodore of Antioch, are extant He died A. D. 558 at Constantinople ; if, as is most
in MS. (Le Quien, Oriens Christiun, vol. ii. col. 746; likely, he is the bishop of Caesareia, whose death
Fabric. Bill. Gruec. vol. X. p. 396), but whether is noticed by Joannes Malalas, Chronographia, p.
they are by the same person, and with which of 234, ed. Oxford, p. 81, ed. Venice, p. 489, ed. Bonn.
the Theodores he is to be identified, is not known. (Cyril. Scythopolit. Sabae Vita, c. Ixxxiii
. &c. apud
12. Ascidas ('Aokiðas), a Cappadocian, first a Coteler. Alonumenta Eccles. Gracc. vol. iii. p. 361,
monk of the convent of Nova Laura in Palestine, &c. ; Evagrius, H. E. iv. 38 ; Liberat. Breviar. c.
and afterwards archbishop of Caesaraeia in Cappa- xxiii. xxiv. ; Malalas, Chronographia, p. 234, ed.
docia in the reign of Justinian I. He was probably Oxford, p. 81, ed. Venice, p. 489, ed. Bonn ; Con-
appointed to his see in A. D. 536, or soon after, but cilia, vol. iii. pp. 1, &c. ed. Hardouin ; Le Quien,
resided little in his diocese, being much at court, Oriens Christianus, vol. i. col. 378, &c. ) The Tes-
where he enjoyed the favour and confidence of the timonium of Theodore and of Cethegus the Patrician
emperor, and was much employed by him. He as to the tergiversation of Vigilius in the matter of
was also in favour with the empress Theodora, pro- the tria Capitula was first published by Baluse in
bably from his secretly holding the opinions of the his Supplementum to the Conciliu (Paris, 1683, and
Acephali. When the revival of the doctrines again 1707), and is given in the Concilia of
of Origen (ORIGENES) in the monasteries of Pa. Harduin, vol. iii. col. 184, and of Mansi, vol. ix.
lestine, and especially in that monastery called col. 363.
Nora Laura, began to excite attention, Eustochius, 13. ASINAEUS (d'Aoivalos), a Neo-Platonic phi-
patriarch of Jerusalem, a decided Anti-Origenist losopher, a native of one of the towns which bore
expelled from the convent of Nora Laura those of the name of Asine, probably of the Laconian Asine,
the monks who were known as Origenists, and on the coast, near the mouth of the Eurotas.
He
compelled them, by his persecution, to fly to distant was a disciple of Porphyry, and one of the most
parts. In their dispersion, however, they diffused eminent of the later Platonists. Proclus repeatedly
their views more widely, and their cause was mentions him in his commentaries on Plato (see
warmly espoused by many persons, of whom Theo- the references in Fabric. Billioth. Graec, vol. ix.
dore Ascidas was at once the most active and p. 443), and frequently adds to his name some
influential. He loudly protested against the conduct laudatory epithet, o péyas “the great," Savuaotós
of Eustochius as both impious and unjust ; so that " the admirable,” gevvalos “the noble. ” He wrote
Eustochius found it needful to send as delegates to a work on the soul, now lost. It is cited by
Constantinople, to counteract Theodore's influence, Nemesius of Emesa (NEMESIUS, No. 1] in his
several monks of his own party, at the head of De Natura Hominis, cap. ii. De Anima, under this
whom were Conon of the monastery of St. Saba and title of "Oti Ý Yuxo návra tà con éoti, Animam
Rufus, abbot of the monastery of St. Theodosius. esse omnes species. (Proclus, Comment. passim ;
Theodore, with undaunted resolution, maintained | Damascius, Vitu Isidori, apud Phot. Biblioth. Cod.
the Origenists, but the emperor was persuaded by 242 ; Brucker, Hist. Critica Philosoph. Period ii.
Pelagius the Deacon, legate of Pope Vigilius, and Pars i. Lib. i. c. 2. § 4, vol. ii. pp. 232, 249, ed.
by Mennas, patriarch of Constantinople, to order Leipzig. 1766 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 190,
the condemnation of certain propositions, extracted vol. jx. p. 443, vol. x. p. 373. )
by the Palestinian monks from the works of 14. Of ATHENS, father of the orator Isocrates
Origen and to anathematize their author. The [ISOCRATES) according to Photius. (Biblioth. Cod.
condemnation of Origen was a severe mortification 260. ) Theodorus was of the demos of Erchia,
to Theodore, who, however, availing himself of which was also the birth-place of the historian
this example of the anathematizing of the dead, Xenophon.
prevailed on the emperor, by holding out to him the 15. The Atheist. (No. 32. ]
prospect of thereby reconciling the Monophysites to 16. BALSAMO. [BALSAMO. ]
the church, to issue a libellus, condemning the 17. Of BYZANTIUM (1), a rhetorician or pleader
three decisions “tria Capitula" of the Council of of Byzantium. He is mentioned, but somewhat
Chalcedon, which recognised the orthodoxy of contemptuously by Plato (Phuedr. vol. iii. p. 266,
Theodoret of Cyrus, of Theodore of Mopsuestia, ed. Steph. vol. i. pt. i. p. 81, ed. Bekker, p. 811,
and of the Epistle of Ibas of Edessa ; and to ana- | ed. Baiter, 4to. Züric. 1839) as “the most excellent
thematize Theodore of Mopsuestia, a prelate much tricker-out of a speech," Tóv ge BÉATIOTOV Roya
reverenced by the opposite party. This condem-Saídalov. He appears to have written a treatise
dation of the tria Capitula excited great disturbances on rhetoric, as Plato, in the passage just cited,
.
## p. 1050 (#1066) ##########################################
1050
THEODORUS.
THEODORUS.
refers to the minute subdivisions of an oration depose the young emperor, and confer the purple
mentioned by Theodore (comp. Rufinus, De Com- on Leo, were defeated by the vigilance of Theo
positione et Metris Oratorum). Cicero (Brut. c. 12) dore, who prevailed on the emperor to summon to
describes him as excelling rather the theory his assistance Romanus, afterwards colleague of
than the practice of his art, “ in arte subtilior, in Constantine in the empire ; who, probably, from
orationibus autem jejunior. " He was apparently finding Theodore's fidelity an obstacle to his ad-
contemporary with Plato. Dionysius of Halicar- vancement, caused him and his brother Simeon to
nassus (Dc Antig. Oratorib. ; de Isaeo, C. 19) speaks be banished from Constantinople to their estates
of him as autiquated, careless and superficial. He in the Opsician thema, on the Asiatic side of the
is cursorily noticed by Quintilian (Institut. Orat. Bosporus. (Leo Grammaticus, Chronog. pp. 192–
iii. 1) and Diogenes Laertius (ii. 10+). Suidas | 496, ed. Paris ; Theoph. Continuat. lib. vi. De
(s. v. ) says he wrote Karà 'Avdokidou, Contra Constant. Porphyrog. cc. 11-16; Sym. Magist. De
Andocidem, Karà Opaouboúrov, Contra Thrasy. Constant. Porphyrog. cc. 12–16; Georg. Monach.
bulum, and some other pieces, which are all now De Constant. Porphyrog. cc. 20-34 ; Zonaras, An-
lost. (Diogenes Laërtius says (l. c. ) there was nales, xvi. 17 ; Cedrenus, Compend. pp. 614–619,
another sophist Theodore, but does not mention ed. Paris, vol. ii. pp. 289-296, ed. Bonn. ) To this
whether he was a Byzantine or not. Fabric. Bill. Theodore Lambecius ascribes the authorship of five
Graec. vol. vi. p. 139, vol. x. p. 382. )
Móyou, Orationes, extant in MS. in the Imperial Li-
18. Of ByzanTIUM (2), styled Diaconus et brary at Vienna. (Lambec. Commentar. de Biblioth.
RHETOR, a Monothelite of the time of Maximus Caesaraca, lib. 8. vol. iv. col. 22, &c. , ed. Kollar,
the Confessor (Maximus CONFESSOR). He was which he intended to publish. He has given some
Synodicarius (or representative in some synod) of extracts. (Lambec. vol. iii. p. 147, and l. c. ; Cave,
Paul, patriarch of Constantinople, an appointment Hist. Litt. ad ann. 920, vol. ii. p. 93; Oudin, De
which indicates the esteem in which he was held. Script. Eccles, vol. ii. col. 428 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
He was the author of two brief 'Atopiai, Dubita- vol. x. p. 384. )
tiones, which, with the 'ETIAÚDels, Solutiones, of 26. Of CONSTANTINOPLE (1-2). The list of
Maximus, are given by Combéfis in his edition of Patriarchs of Constantinople comprehends two
the works of that father. (Vol. ii. p. 116, &c. fol. Theodores: Theodore I. , from a. D. 676 to 678,
Paris, 1675. )
when he was deposed, on what account is not
19. Of CARA.
