410, sephone or Iris, or
describe
him simply as a son of
§ 41.
§ 41.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
p.
741; De Antid.
ii.
11,
lon and Hiero. (Paus. v. 27. S 1. )
vol. xiv. p. 171. ) He may perhaps be the same
2. A sculptor, who made the statne of Hera person who is mentioned by Galen without any
which Octavian afterwards placed in the portico of distinguishing epithet. (De Compos. Medicam. sec.
Octavia. (Plin. xxxvi. 5, 8. 4. $ 10. ) Junius takes Locos. iv. 8, vol. xii. p. 760. )
this artist to be the same as the former, but Sillig 4. Son of OXYMACH US, appears to have written
argues, that in the time of the elder Dionysius the some anatomical work, which is mentioned loy
art of sculpturing marble was not brought to suffi- Rufus Ephesius. (De Appell. Part. Corp. Hum.
cient perfection to allow us to ascribe one of its p. 42. ) He was either a contemporary or prede-
masterpieces to him.
cessor of Eudemus, and therefore lived probably in
3. Of Colophon, a painter, contemporary with the fourth or third century B. C.
Polygnotus of Thasos, whose works he imitated in 5. Of Samos, whose medical formulae are quot-
their accuracy, expression (Tábos), manner (100s), by Galen (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. iv.
in the treatment of the form, in the delicacy of the 13, vol. xiii. p. 745), is supposed by Meursius
drapery, and in every other respect except in gran- (1. c. ) to be the same person as the son of Muso
deur. (Aelian. V. H. iv. 3. ) Plutarch (Timol. 36)nius; but, as Kübn observes (Additam. ad Elench.
speaks of his works as having strength and tone, Medicor. 'Vet. a Fabricio in “ Biblioth. Gracca,"
but as forced and laboured. Aristotle (Poët. 2) exhib. fascic. xiv. p. 7), from no other reason, than
says that Polygnotus painted the likenesses of men because both are said to have been natives of Sa-
better than the originals, Pauson made them worse, mos (nor is even this quite certain), whereas from
and Dionysius just like them (óuoious). It seems the writings of the son of Musonius there is no
from this that the pictures of Dionysius were defi- ground for believing him to have been a physician,
cient in the ideal. It was no doubt for this rea- or even a collector of medical prescriptions.
son that Dionysius was called Anthropographus, 6. SALLUSTIUS DIONysius, is quoted by Pliny
like DEMETRIUS. It is true that Pliny, from (H. N. xxxii. 26), and therefore must have lived
whom we learn the fact, gives a different reason, in or before the first century after Christ.
namely, that Dionysius was so called because he 7. Cassius DIONYSIUS. [Cassius, p. 626. )
painted only men, and not landscapes (xxxv. 10. 8. Dionysius, a surgeon, quoted by Scribonius
s. 37); but this is only one case out of many in Largus (Compos. Medicam. c. 212, ed. Rhod. ),
which Pliny's ignorance of art has caused him to who lived probably at or before the beginning of
give a false interpretation of a true fact. Sillig the Christian era.
applies this passage to the later Dionysius (No. 4), 9. A physician, who was a contemporary of
but without any good reason.
Galen in the second century after Christ, and is
4. A painter, who flourished at Rome at the mentioned as attending the son of Caecilianus, to
same time as Sopolis and Lala of Cyzicus, about whom Galen wrote a letter full of medical advice,
B. c. 84. Pliny says of him and Sopolis, that they which is still extant. (Galen, Pro Puero Epilept.
were the most renowned painters of that age, except Consil. , in Opera, vol. xi. p. 357. ).
Lala, and that their works filled the picture gal- 10. A fellow-pupil of Heracleides of Tarentum,
leries (xxxv. 11, s. 40. § 43).
[P. S. ] who must have lived probably in the third century
DIONY'SIUS (Alovúclos), the name of several B. C. , and one of whose medical formulae is quoted
physicians and surgeons, whom it is sometimes by Galen. (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, v. 3,
difficult to distinguish with certainty.
vol. xii. p. 835. )
1. A native of AEGAE (but of which place of 11. A physician who belonged to the medical
this name does not appear), who must have lired sect of the Methodici, and who lived probably in
in or before the ninth century after Christ, as he the first century B. C. (Galen, de Meth. Med. i. 7,
is quoted by Photius (Biblioth. SS 185, 211, pp. vol. x. p. 53; Introd. c. 4, vol. xiv. p. 68. 1. )
129, 168, ed. Bekker), but how much earlier he 12. The physician mentioned by Galen (Curio
## p. 1046 (#1066) ##########################################
1046
DIONYSUS.
DIONYSUS.
munt, in Hippocr. “ Aphor. " iv. 69, vol. xvii. pt. ii. nally a mere epithet or surname of Dionysus, but
p. 751) as a commentator on the Aphorisms of does not occur till after the time of llerodotus. Ac-
Hippocrates, must have lived in or before the se- cording to the common tradition, Dionysus was the
cond century after Christ, but cannot certainly be son of Zeus and Semele, the daughter of Cadmus of
identified with any other physician of that name. Thebes (Hom. Hymn. vi. 56; Eurip. Bacch. init. ;
13. A physician whose medical formulae are | Apollod. iji. 4. & 3); whereas others describe him as
mentioned by Celsus (De Mod. vi. 6. 4; 18. 9, a son of Zeus by Demeter, lo, Dione, or Arge.
pp. 119, 136), must, have lived in or before the (Diod. iii. 62, 74; Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iii. 177;
first century after Christ, and may perhaps be the Plut. de Flum. 16. ) Diodorus (iii. 67) further men-
same person as No. 3, or 8.
tions a tradition, according to which he was a son
14. A physician at Rome in the fifth century of Ammon and Amaltheia, and that Ammon, from
after Christ, who was also in deacon's orders, and fear of Rhea, carried the child to a cave in the
a man of great piety. When Rome was taken by neighbourhood of mount Nysi, in a lonely island
Alaric, A. D. 410, Dionysius was carried away pri- formed by the river Triton. Ammon there en-
soner, but was treated with great kindness, on trusted the child to Nysa, the daughter of Aristaeus,
account of his virtues and his medical skill. Anand Athena likewise undertook to protect the boy.
epitaph on him in Latin elegiac verse is to be Others again represent him as a son of Zeus by Per-
found in Baronius, Annal. Eccles. ad ann.
410, sephone or Iris, or describe him simply as a son of
§ 41.
(W. A. G. ] Lethe, or of Indus. (Diod. iv. 4; Plut. Sympos.
DIONYSOCLES (A. Ovuookins), of Tralles, is vii
. 5 ; Philostr. Vit. Apollon. ii. 9. ). The same
mentioned by Strabo (xiv. p. 649) among the dis diversity of opinions prevails in regard to the na-
tinguished rhetoricians of that city. He was pro- tive place of the god, which in the common tradi-
bably a pupil of Apollodorus of Pergamus, and tion is Thebes, while in others we find India,
consequently lived shortly before or at the time of Libya, Crete, Dracanum in Samos, Naxos, Elis,
Strabo.
(L. S. ] Eleutherae, or Teos, mentioned as his birthplace.
DIONYSODOʻRUS (Alovodôwpos). 1. A (Hom. Hymn. xxv. 8; Diod. iii. 65, v. 75 ; Nonnus,
Boeotian, who is mentioned by Diodorus Siculus Dionys. ix. 6; Theocrit. xxvi. 33. ) It is owing to
(xv. 95) as the author of a history of Greece, this diversity in the traditions that ancient writers
which came down as far as the reign of Philip of were driven to the supposition that there were ori-
Macedonia, the father of Alexander the Great. It ginally several divinities which were afterwards
is usually supposed that he is the same person as identified under the one name of Dionysus. Cicero
the Dionysodorus in Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 42), (de Nut. Deor. iii. 23) distinguishes five Dionysi,
who denied that the paean which went by the and Diodorus (iii. 63, &c. ) three.
name of Socrates, was the production of the The common story, which makes Dionysus a son
philosopher. (Comp. Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. of Semele by Zeus, runs as follows: Hera, jealous of
917. ) It is uncertain also whether he is the au- Semele, visited her in the disguise of a friend, or an
thor of a work on rivers (Tepl Totapcv, Schol. ad old woman, and persuaded her to request Zeus to
Eurip. Hippol. 122), and of another entitled td appear to her in the same glory and majesty in
παρά τους τραγωδοίς ήμαρτημένα, which is quoted which he was accustomed to approach his own wife
by a Scholiast. (Ad Eurip. Rhes. 504. )
Hera. When all entreaties to desist from this re-
2. A Greek rhetorician, who is introduced in quest were fruitless, Zeus at length complied, and
Lucian's Symposium (c. 6). Another person of appeared to her in thunder and lightning. Semele
the same name is mentioned, in the beginning of was terrified and overpowered by the sight, and
Plato's dialogue “ Euthydemus," as a brother of being seized by the fire, she gave premature birth
Euthydemus. (Comp. Xenoph. Memor. iii. 1. $ 1. ) to a child. Zeus, or according to others, Hermes
3. Of Troezene, a Greek grammarian, who is (Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1137) saved the child from the
referred to by Plutarch (Arat. 1) and in the work fames : it was sewed up in the thigh of Zeus, and
of Apollonius Dyscolus “on Pronouns. " [L. S. ) | thus came to maturity. Various epithets which are
DIONYSODOʻRUS (Alovvo ódupos), a geome- given to the god refer to that occurrence, such as
ter of Cydnus, whose mode of cutting a sphere by Tupiyevńs, unpopsapńs, umpotpaońs and ignigena.
a plane in a given ratio is preserved by Eutocius, (Strab. xiii. p. 628; Diod. iv. 5; Eurip. Bacch.
in his comment on book ii. prop. 5, of the sphere 295; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 310; Ov. Mei. iv. 11. )
and cylinder of Archimedes. A species of conical | After the birth of Dionysus, Zeus entrusted him
sun-dial is attributed to him, and Pliny (H. N. ii. to Hermes, or, according to others, to Persephone
109) says, that he had an inscription placed on his or Rhea (Orph. Hymn. xlv. 6; Steph. Byz. s. r.
tomb, addressed to the world above, stating that Mártavpa), who took the child to Ino and Athamas
he had been to the centre of the earth and found at Orehomenos, and persuaded them to bring him
it 42 thousand stadia distant. Pliny calls this a up as a girl. Hera was now urged on by her jea-
striking instance of Greek vanity; but, as Weidler lousy to throw Ino and Athamas into a state of
remarks, it is as near a guess as any that was made madness, and Zeus, in order to save his child,
for a long time afterwards. (Weidler, Hist. Astron. changed him into a ram, and carried him to the
p. 133; Heilbronner, in verl. ) (A. DE M. ] nymphs of mount Nysa, who brought him up in a
DIONYSODORUS. [Moschion. ]
cave, and were afterwards rewarded for it by Zeus,
DIONYSO'DOTUS (Alovuodotos), a lyric by being placed as Hyades among the stars. (Hygin.
poet of Lacedaemon, who is mentioned along with Ful. 182; Theon, ad Arat. Phuen. 177; comp.
Alcman, and whose paeans were very popular at HYADES. )
Sparta. (Athen. xv. p. 678. )
[L. S. ] The inhabitants of Brasiae, in Laconia, ac-
DIONY'SUS (Alóvunos or Alávvoos), the youth cording to Pausanias (ii. 24. ¢ 3), told a ditierent
ful, beautiful, but effeminate god of wine. He is also story about the birth of Dionysus. ' When Cadmus
called both by Greeksand Romans Bacchus ( Bák yos), heard, they said, that Semele was mother of a son
that is, the noisy or riotous god, which was origi- ' by Zeus, lie put her and her child into a chest, and
.
## p. 1047 (#1067) ##########################################
DIONYSUS.
1047
DIONYSUS.
threw it into the sea. The chest was carried by the I land which he had thus conquered and civilized,
wind and waves to the coast of Brasiae. Semele and the inhabitants worshipped him as a god.
was found dead, and was solemnly buried, but Dio- | (Comp. Strab. xi. p. 505; Arrian, Ind. 5; Diod. ii.
nysus was brought up by lno, who happened at the 38 ; Philostr. Vit. Apollon. ii. 9 ; Virg. Aen. vi. 805. )
time to be at Brasiae. The plain of Brasiac was, Dionysus also visited Phrygia and the goddess
for this reason, afterwards called the garden of Dio- Cybele or Rhea, who purified him and taught him
nysus.
the mysteries, which according to Apollodorus (iii. 5.
The traditions about the education of Dionysus, ø 1. ) took place before he went to India. With the
as well as about the personages who undertook it, assistance of his companions, he drove the Amazons
differ as much as those about his parentage and from Ephesus to Samos, and there killed a great
birthplace. Besides the nymphs of mount Nysa number of them on a spot which was, from that
in Thrace, the muses, Lydae, Bassarae, Macetae, occurrence, called Panaema. (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 56. )
Mimallones (Eustath. ad Hom. pp. 982, 1816), the According to another legend, he united with the
nymph Nysa (Diod. iii. 69), and the nymphs Phi- Amazons to fight against Cronus and the Titans,
lia, Coronis, and Cleis, in Naxos, whither the child who had expelled Ammon from his dominions.
Dionysus was said to have been carried by Zeus (Diod. jii. 70, &c. ) He is even said to have gone
(Diod. iv. 52), are named as the beings to whom the to Iberia, which, on leaving, he entrusted to the
care of his infancy was entrusted. Mystis, more government of Pan. (Plut. de Flum. 16. ) On his
over, is said to have instructed him in the mysteries passage through Thrace he was ill received by
(Nonn. Dionys. xii. 140), and Hippa, on mount Lycurgus, king of the Edones, and leaped into
Tmolus, nursed him (Orph. Hymn. xlvii. 4); Macris, the sea to seek refuge with Thetis, whom he af-
the daughter of Aristaeus, received him from the terwards rewarded for her kind reception with a
hands of Hermes, and fed him with honey. (Apollon. golden urn, a present of Hephaestus. (Hom. Il.
lon and Hiero. (Paus. v. 27. S 1. )
vol. xiv. p. 171. ) He may perhaps be the same
2. A sculptor, who made the statne of Hera person who is mentioned by Galen without any
which Octavian afterwards placed in the portico of distinguishing epithet. (De Compos. Medicam. sec.
Octavia. (Plin. xxxvi. 5, 8. 4. $ 10. ) Junius takes Locos. iv. 8, vol. xii. p. 760. )
this artist to be the same as the former, but Sillig 4. Son of OXYMACH US, appears to have written
argues, that in the time of the elder Dionysius the some anatomical work, which is mentioned loy
art of sculpturing marble was not brought to suffi- Rufus Ephesius. (De Appell. Part. Corp. Hum.
cient perfection to allow us to ascribe one of its p. 42. ) He was either a contemporary or prede-
masterpieces to him.
cessor of Eudemus, and therefore lived probably in
3. Of Colophon, a painter, contemporary with the fourth or third century B. C.
Polygnotus of Thasos, whose works he imitated in 5. Of Samos, whose medical formulae are quot-
their accuracy, expression (Tábos), manner (100s), by Galen (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. iv.
in the treatment of the form, in the delicacy of the 13, vol. xiii. p. 745), is supposed by Meursius
drapery, and in every other respect except in gran- (1. c. ) to be the same person as the son of Muso
deur. (Aelian. V. H. iv. 3. ) Plutarch (Timol. 36)nius; but, as Kübn observes (Additam. ad Elench.
speaks of his works as having strength and tone, Medicor. 'Vet. a Fabricio in “ Biblioth. Gracca,"
but as forced and laboured. Aristotle (Poët. 2) exhib. fascic. xiv. p. 7), from no other reason, than
says that Polygnotus painted the likenesses of men because both are said to have been natives of Sa-
better than the originals, Pauson made them worse, mos (nor is even this quite certain), whereas from
and Dionysius just like them (óuoious). It seems the writings of the son of Musonius there is no
from this that the pictures of Dionysius were defi- ground for believing him to have been a physician,
cient in the ideal. It was no doubt for this rea- or even a collector of medical prescriptions.
son that Dionysius was called Anthropographus, 6. SALLUSTIUS DIONysius, is quoted by Pliny
like DEMETRIUS. It is true that Pliny, from (H. N. xxxii. 26), and therefore must have lived
whom we learn the fact, gives a different reason, in or before the first century after Christ.
namely, that Dionysius was so called because he 7. Cassius DIONYSIUS. [Cassius, p. 626. )
painted only men, and not landscapes (xxxv. 10. 8. Dionysius, a surgeon, quoted by Scribonius
s. 37); but this is only one case out of many in Largus (Compos. Medicam. c. 212, ed. Rhod. ),
which Pliny's ignorance of art has caused him to who lived probably at or before the beginning of
give a false interpretation of a true fact. Sillig the Christian era.
applies this passage to the later Dionysius (No. 4), 9. A physician, who was a contemporary of
but without any good reason.
Galen in the second century after Christ, and is
4. A painter, who flourished at Rome at the mentioned as attending the son of Caecilianus, to
same time as Sopolis and Lala of Cyzicus, about whom Galen wrote a letter full of medical advice,
B. c. 84. Pliny says of him and Sopolis, that they which is still extant. (Galen, Pro Puero Epilept.
were the most renowned painters of that age, except Consil. , in Opera, vol. xi. p. 357. ).
Lala, and that their works filled the picture gal- 10. A fellow-pupil of Heracleides of Tarentum,
leries (xxxv. 11, s. 40. § 43).
[P. S. ] who must have lived probably in the third century
DIONY'SIUS (Alovúclos), the name of several B. C. , and one of whose medical formulae is quoted
physicians and surgeons, whom it is sometimes by Galen. (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, v. 3,
difficult to distinguish with certainty.
vol. xii. p. 835. )
1. A native of AEGAE (but of which place of 11. A physician who belonged to the medical
this name does not appear), who must have lired sect of the Methodici, and who lived probably in
in or before the ninth century after Christ, as he the first century B. C. (Galen, de Meth. Med. i. 7,
is quoted by Photius (Biblioth. SS 185, 211, pp. vol. x. p. 53; Introd. c. 4, vol. xiv. p. 68. 1. )
129, 168, ed. Bekker), but how much earlier he 12. The physician mentioned by Galen (Curio
## p. 1046 (#1066) ##########################################
1046
DIONYSUS.
DIONYSUS.
munt, in Hippocr. “ Aphor. " iv. 69, vol. xvii. pt. ii. nally a mere epithet or surname of Dionysus, but
p. 751) as a commentator on the Aphorisms of does not occur till after the time of llerodotus. Ac-
Hippocrates, must have lived in or before the se- cording to the common tradition, Dionysus was the
cond century after Christ, but cannot certainly be son of Zeus and Semele, the daughter of Cadmus of
identified with any other physician of that name. Thebes (Hom. Hymn. vi. 56; Eurip. Bacch. init. ;
13. A physician whose medical formulae are | Apollod. iji. 4. & 3); whereas others describe him as
mentioned by Celsus (De Mod. vi. 6. 4; 18. 9, a son of Zeus by Demeter, lo, Dione, or Arge.
pp. 119, 136), must, have lived in or before the (Diod. iii. 62, 74; Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iii. 177;
first century after Christ, and may perhaps be the Plut. de Flum. 16. ) Diodorus (iii. 67) further men-
same person as No. 3, or 8.
tions a tradition, according to which he was a son
14. A physician at Rome in the fifth century of Ammon and Amaltheia, and that Ammon, from
after Christ, who was also in deacon's orders, and fear of Rhea, carried the child to a cave in the
a man of great piety. When Rome was taken by neighbourhood of mount Nysi, in a lonely island
Alaric, A. D. 410, Dionysius was carried away pri- formed by the river Triton. Ammon there en-
soner, but was treated with great kindness, on trusted the child to Nysa, the daughter of Aristaeus,
account of his virtues and his medical skill. Anand Athena likewise undertook to protect the boy.
epitaph on him in Latin elegiac verse is to be Others again represent him as a son of Zeus by Per-
found in Baronius, Annal. Eccles. ad ann.
410, sephone or Iris, or describe him simply as a son of
§ 41.
(W. A. G. ] Lethe, or of Indus. (Diod. iv. 4; Plut. Sympos.
DIONYSOCLES (A. Ovuookins), of Tralles, is vii
. 5 ; Philostr. Vit. Apollon. ii. 9. ). The same
mentioned by Strabo (xiv. p. 649) among the dis diversity of opinions prevails in regard to the na-
tinguished rhetoricians of that city. He was pro- tive place of the god, which in the common tradi-
bably a pupil of Apollodorus of Pergamus, and tion is Thebes, while in others we find India,
consequently lived shortly before or at the time of Libya, Crete, Dracanum in Samos, Naxos, Elis,
Strabo.
(L. S. ] Eleutherae, or Teos, mentioned as his birthplace.
DIONYSODOʻRUS (Alovodôwpos). 1. A (Hom. Hymn. xxv. 8; Diod. iii. 65, v. 75 ; Nonnus,
Boeotian, who is mentioned by Diodorus Siculus Dionys. ix. 6; Theocrit. xxvi. 33. ) It is owing to
(xv. 95) as the author of a history of Greece, this diversity in the traditions that ancient writers
which came down as far as the reign of Philip of were driven to the supposition that there were ori-
Macedonia, the father of Alexander the Great. It ginally several divinities which were afterwards
is usually supposed that he is the same person as identified under the one name of Dionysus. Cicero
the Dionysodorus in Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 42), (de Nut. Deor. iii. 23) distinguishes five Dionysi,
who denied that the paean which went by the and Diodorus (iii. 63, &c. ) three.
name of Socrates, was the production of the The common story, which makes Dionysus a son
philosopher. (Comp. Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. of Semele by Zeus, runs as follows: Hera, jealous of
917. ) It is uncertain also whether he is the au- Semele, visited her in the disguise of a friend, or an
thor of a work on rivers (Tepl Totapcv, Schol. ad old woman, and persuaded her to request Zeus to
Eurip. Hippol. 122), and of another entitled td appear to her in the same glory and majesty in
παρά τους τραγωδοίς ήμαρτημένα, which is quoted which he was accustomed to approach his own wife
by a Scholiast. (Ad Eurip. Rhes. 504. )
Hera. When all entreaties to desist from this re-
2. A Greek rhetorician, who is introduced in quest were fruitless, Zeus at length complied, and
Lucian's Symposium (c. 6). Another person of appeared to her in thunder and lightning. Semele
the same name is mentioned, in the beginning of was terrified and overpowered by the sight, and
Plato's dialogue “ Euthydemus," as a brother of being seized by the fire, she gave premature birth
Euthydemus. (Comp. Xenoph. Memor. iii. 1. $ 1. ) to a child. Zeus, or according to others, Hermes
3. Of Troezene, a Greek grammarian, who is (Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1137) saved the child from the
referred to by Plutarch (Arat. 1) and in the work fames : it was sewed up in the thigh of Zeus, and
of Apollonius Dyscolus “on Pronouns. " [L. S. ) | thus came to maturity. Various epithets which are
DIONYSODOʻRUS (Alovvo ódupos), a geome- given to the god refer to that occurrence, such as
ter of Cydnus, whose mode of cutting a sphere by Tupiyevńs, unpopsapńs, umpotpaońs and ignigena.
a plane in a given ratio is preserved by Eutocius, (Strab. xiii. p. 628; Diod. iv. 5; Eurip. Bacch.
in his comment on book ii. prop. 5, of the sphere 295; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 310; Ov. Mei. iv. 11. )
and cylinder of Archimedes. A species of conical | After the birth of Dionysus, Zeus entrusted him
sun-dial is attributed to him, and Pliny (H. N. ii. to Hermes, or, according to others, to Persephone
109) says, that he had an inscription placed on his or Rhea (Orph. Hymn. xlv. 6; Steph. Byz. s. r.
tomb, addressed to the world above, stating that Mártavpa), who took the child to Ino and Athamas
he had been to the centre of the earth and found at Orehomenos, and persuaded them to bring him
it 42 thousand stadia distant. Pliny calls this a up as a girl. Hera was now urged on by her jea-
striking instance of Greek vanity; but, as Weidler lousy to throw Ino and Athamas into a state of
remarks, it is as near a guess as any that was made madness, and Zeus, in order to save his child,
for a long time afterwards. (Weidler, Hist. Astron. changed him into a ram, and carried him to the
p. 133; Heilbronner, in verl. ) (A. DE M. ] nymphs of mount Nysa, who brought him up in a
DIONYSODORUS. [Moschion. ]
cave, and were afterwards rewarded for it by Zeus,
DIONYSO'DOTUS (Alovuodotos), a lyric by being placed as Hyades among the stars. (Hygin.
poet of Lacedaemon, who is mentioned along with Ful. 182; Theon, ad Arat. Phuen. 177; comp.
Alcman, and whose paeans were very popular at HYADES. )
Sparta. (Athen. xv. p. 678. )
[L. S. ] The inhabitants of Brasiae, in Laconia, ac-
DIONY'SUS (Alóvunos or Alávvoos), the youth cording to Pausanias (ii. 24. ¢ 3), told a ditierent
ful, beautiful, but effeminate god of wine. He is also story about the birth of Dionysus. ' When Cadmus
called both by Greeksand Romans Bacchus ( Bák yos), heard, they said, that Semele was mother of a son
that is, the noisy or riotous god, which was origi- ' by Zeus, lie put her and her child into a chest, and
.
## p. 1047 (#1067) ##########################################
DIONYSUS.
1047
DIONYSUS.
threw it into the sea. The chest was carried by the I land which he had thus conquered and civilized,
wind and waves to the coast of Brasiae. Semele and the inhabitants worshipped him as a god.
was found dead, and was solemnly buried, but Dio- | (Comp. Strab. xi. p. 505; Arrian, Ind. 5; Diod. ii.
nysus was brought up by lno, who happened at the 38 ; Philostr. Vit. Apollon. ii. 9 ; Virg. Aen. vi. 805. )
time to be at Brasiae. The plain of Brasiac was, Dionysus also visited Phrygia and the goddess
for this reason, afterwards called the garden of Dio- Cybele or Rhea, who purified him and taught him
nysus.
the mysteries, which according to Apollodorus (iii. 5.
The traditions about the education of Dionysus, ø 1. ) took place before he went to India. With the
as well as about the personages who undertook it, assistance of his companions, he drove the Amazons
differ as much as those about his parentage and from Ephesus to Samos, and there killed a great
birthplace. Besides the nymphs of mount Nysa number of them on a spot which was, from that
in Thrace, the muses, Lydae, Bassarae, Macetae, occurrence, called Panaema. (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 56. )
Mimallones (Eustath. ad Hom. pp. 982, 1816), the According to another legend, he united with the
nymph Nysa (Diod. iii. 69), and the nymphs Phi- Amazons to fight against Cronus and the Titans,
lia, Coronis, and Cleis, in Naxos, whither the child who had expelled Ammon from his dominions.
Dionysus was said to have been carried by Zeus (Diod. jii. 70, &c. ) He is even said to have gone
(Diod. iv. 52), are named as the beings to whom the to Iberia, which, on leaving, he entrusted to the
care of his infancy was entrusted. Mystis, more government of Pan. (Plut. de Flum. 16. ) On his
over, is said to have instructed him in the mysteries passage through Thrace he was ill received by
(Nonn. Dionys. xii. 140), and Hippa, on mount Lycurgus, king of the Edones, and leaped into
Tmolus, nursed him (Orph. Hymn. xlvii. 4); Macris, the sea to seek refuge with Thetis, whom he af-
the daughter of Aristaeus, received him from the terwards rewarded for her kind reception with a
hands of Hermes, and fed him with honey. (Apollon. golden urn, a present of Hephaestus. (Hom. Il.
