No More Learning

344. ) their office, by Mamaea, the mother of Alex.
ander, and that the soldiers hereupon conspired
against Ulpian, but their designs were antici-
pated by Mamaea, who took off their instigators,
by whom, we must suppose, he means Flavianus
and Chrestus ; and Ulpianus was made sole prae-
fectus praetorio. Ulpian perished by the hands
VITVLVS.
of the soldiers, who forced their way into the
DESIGN
palace at night, and killed him in the presence of
the emperor and his mother, A. D. 228. As this
happened so early in the reign of Alexander, the
COIN OP Q. VOCONIUS VITULUS.
remark of Lampridius that the emperor chiefly
VIVIANUS, a Romal jurist of uncertain time, availed himself of the advice of Ulpian in his
who is often cited by Ulpian and Paulus. It ap- administration, is only a proof of the carelessness
pears that he referred to the authority of Sabinus, of this writer. His promotion to the office of
prae-
Cassins, and Proculus, and must therefore have fectus praetorio was probably an unpopular mea-
been junior to them. (Dig. 29. tit. 7. s. 14. ) Pom- sure. A contest is mentioned between the Romans
ponius appears to have annotated Vivianus, and and the praetorian guards, which lasted three days,
therefore wrote after him (Dig. 13. tit. 6. s. 17. and was attended with great slaughter. The
$ 4). Vivianus may accordingly have lived under meagre epitome of Dion only leaves us to guess
Hadrian and Trajan.
(G. L. ) that Ulpian's promotion may have been connected
VIVIANUS, ANNIUS, the son-in-law of with it.
Corbulo, served under the latter in the East in A great part of the numerous writings of Ulpian
. the reign of Nero. (Tac. Ann. xv. 28. )
were still extant in the time of Justinian, and a
ULPIANUS, DOMITIUS, derived his origin much greater quantity is excerpted from him by the
from Tyrus in Phoenicia, as he states himself, compilers of the Digest than from any other jurist.
“ unde mihi origo. ” (Dig. 50. tit. 1. 8. 1. ) These The number of excerpts from Ulpian is said to be
words do not prove that he was a native of Tyre, 2462 ; and many of the excerpts are of great
as some have supposed ; they rather prove that length, and altogether they form about one-third
he was not, and that his ancestors were of that of the whole body of the Digest. It is said that
city. The time of Ulpian's birth is unknown. there are more excerpts from his single work Ad
Some of his juristical works may have been written Edictum than from all the works of any single
during the joint reign of Septimius Severus and jurist. The excerpts from Paulus and Ulpian
Antoninus Caracalla (A. D. 211), but the greater together make about one half of the Digest. Those
part were written during the sole reign of Caracalla, of Ulpian compose the third volume of the Palin-
especially the two great works Ad Edictum and genesia of Hommelius.
the Libri ad Sabinum. He was banished or de- The following are the works of Ulpian which
prived of his functions under Elagabalus (Lam- are mentioned in the Florentine Index, and ex-
prid. Heliog. c. 16), who became emperor A. D. cerpted in the Digest. The great work Ad Edictum
217 ; but on the accession of Alexander Severus was in 83 libri ; and there were 51 books of the
A. D. 222, he became the emperor's chief adviser, work entitled Libri ad Sabinum (SABINUS MAS
who is said to have followed Ulpian's counsel in SURIUS). He also wrote 20 libri ad Leges Juliam
his administration. (Lamprid. Alex. Sever. 51. ) et Papiam ; 10 de omnibus Tribunalibus ; 3 de
The emperor once designed to assign a peculiar Officio Consulis ; 10 de Officio Proconsulis ; 4 de
dress to every office and rank, so that the condition Appellationibus ; 6 Fideicommissorum ; 2 libri
of persons might be known from their attire ; and Institutionum ; 10 Disputationum ; 6 de Censibus ;
he also proposed to give slaves a peculiar dress that * work de Adulteriis ; libri singulares de Officio
;
(P. 3
'S, the name of a fair of the is
rconia gentes. Niebuhr supparent
nerely another form of It's 20 m2
we find in the same manger i
izs a surname Turrias ibat is it
It was customart, as is prored of the
ban Fasti, for the great bony to take
king sumames from a people site rent
connected br blood or brize ties of
spitalitr. " (Niebuhr, Hists of Rose
14. ) The ancients
, bowerer, as F2 **
coin figured below, connected the sc9010
with the word signifring a call
CLI'S, MAMILIUS 1. L Vix
7. M. x. Vircius consul BC
us Varimus Guzes, the rear beter te
:


## p. 1280 (#1296) ##########################################

1280
ULPIANUS.
ULPIANUS.
!
SO
La
CG
pr
tie
Ca
11
Praefecti urbi ; de Officio Curatoris Reipublicae ;) fold division, for Jus Naturale and Jus Gentium in
de Officio Praetoris Tutelaris. All these works Gaius and those other writers are equivalent. Sa-
were probably written in the time of Caracalla. vigny (System, &c. vol. i. Beylage i. ) has explained
The work of which we still possess a fragment, the meaning of Ulpian's threefold division. The
under the title “ Domitii Ulpiani Fragmenta," authors of the Institutiones of Justinian have in-
was, perhaps, written under Caracalla (xvii. 2); troduced great confusion by first giving Ulpian's
and it is generally supposed to be taken from the threefold division, which they apply to the case
liber singularis Regularum. There are also ex- of slavery, and then taking the passages of Gaius,
cerpts from Regularum Libri septein, which some Marcianus and Florentinus, in which the twofold
suppose to have been a second edition of the Regu- division is either expressed or clearly implied.
larum liber singularis ; but it may have been a (Inst. 1. tit. 1. $ 4; tit. 2. pr. ; tit. 5. pr. ) The con-
work on a different plan.
fusion is completed by their taking a passage of
Ulpian wrote also libri duo Responsorum ; Gaius in which the twofold division occurs, and by
libri singulares de Sponsalibus ; de Officio Prae- the addition of the remark that the Jus Naturale
fecti Vigilum, de Officio Quaestoris ; and libri sex (sicut diximus) is the same as the Jus Gentium.
Opinionum. The time when these works were (Inst. 2. tit. 1. § 11. )
written is uncertain.
It is generally assumed that Ulpian the Tyrian,
The Index mentions NavdéKTOV Biblia démes, but who is named in the argument to the Deipnoso-
there is no excerpt from the work in the Digest ; phistae of Athenaeus, is the jurist, because he is
yet there are two excerpts (12. tit. 1. 8. 24 ; 40. called the Tyrian ; but the jurist was not a Tyrian.
tit
. 12. § 34), from a liber singularis Pandectarum. Athenaeus (p. 606, ed. Casaub. ) speaks of the happy
Accordingly the emendation of Grotius, &v for déken death of his Ulpian; but the jurist died a wretched
in the title in the Florentine Index may be ac- death ; he was murdered by infuriated soldiers.
cepted.
Athenaeus does not call his Ulpian a jurist, and it
The Florentine Index omits the libri duo ad is clear that he did not consider him one. This as.
Edictum Aedilium Curulium, the libri ad legem sumption leads to a great deal of confusion, and
Aeliam Sentiam, of which there were at least four, is totally unfounded. See the article Athenaeus,
and the libri singulares de Officio Consularium and Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Dif-
Excusationum ; and also the notae ad Marcellum fusion of Useful Knowledge. ”
(Dig. 9. tit. 2. 8. 41) and ad Papinianum (Dig. 3. Some attempt has been made to prove both
tit. 5. s. 31. $ 2) from which there are no excerpts. that Ulpian and Paulus were very hostile to the
We learn from the Vaticana Fragmenta (S 90 - Christians. The charge is founded on a passage
93) that he also wrote a work De Interdictis in of Lactantius (Div. Inst. v. 11); but it is not
four books at least, and a liber singularis de Officio certain that the Domitius whom he mentions is
Praetoris Tutelaris (Vat. Fr. § 232).
Domitins Ulpianus. And if the passage refers to
Ulpian's style is perspicuous, and presents fewer Ulpian, it proves nothing against him. If among
difficulties than that of many of the Roman jurists the imperial rescripts directed to proconsuls, there
who are excerpted in the Digest. Compared with' were some which imposed penalties on the Christians,
his contemporary, Paulus, he is somewhat diffuse, but a writer de Oficio Proconsulis could not omit a part
this is rather an advantage for us, who have to of the law which regulated a proconsul's office,
read the Roman jurists in fragments. The easy even if the law was severe and cruel. A collection
expression of Ulpian, and the length of many of of the statute law of England on religion would not
the extracts from his works, render the study of his have been complete a few years ago, if it omitted
fragments a much easier task than that of such those statutes which contained severe penalties
a writer as Papinian. The great legal knowledge, against certain classes of religious persons.
the good sense, and the industry of Ulpian place (Puchta, Instit. i. p. 457 ; Zimmern, Geschichte
him among the first of the Roman jurists; and he des Röm. Privatrechts, i. p. 370 ; Grotius, Vitae Ju-
has exercised a great influence on the jurisprudence risconsullorum. )
(G. L. ]
of modern Europe, through the copious extracts ULPIA'NUS (Où triavos), the name of three
from his writings which have been preserved by persons mentioned by Suidas.
the compilers of Justinian's Digest.
1. Of Gaza, the brother of Isidorus of Pelu-
The fragments entitled “ Domitii Ulpiani Frag- sium, was celebrated for his knowledge of mathe-
menta," or as they are entitled in the Vatican MS. matics which he taught at Athens. He lived at
“ Tituli ex corpore Ulpiani,” consist of twenty-nine the beginning of the fifth century of the Christian
titles, and are a valuable source for the history of aera. Suidas does not mention any works as
the Roman law. They were first published by written by this Ulpianus.
Jo. Tilius (du Tillet) Paris, 1549, 8vo. ; and they 2. Of Emesa, a sophist, wrote several works,
are printed in the Jurisprudentia, &c. of Schulting. of which an Art of Rhetoric was one.
The edition of Hugo, Berlin, 1834, 8vo. , contains a 3. Of ANTIOCH, a sophist, lived in the time of
fac-simile of the Vatican MS. The edition of Constantine the Great, and wrote several rheto-
the Fragmenta, by E. Böcking, Bonn, 1836, 12mo. rical works which are enumerated by Suidas.
contains also the fragments of the first book of the The name of Ulpianus is prefixed to extant
Institutiones of Ulpian, which were discovered by Commentaries in Greek, on eig een of the ora-
Endlicher in 1835 in the Imperial Library at tions of Demosthenes ; and it is usually stated that
Vienna ; but they are too meagre to enable us to they were written by Ulpianus of Antioch. But
determine the plan of this Institutional work. Suidas does not mention these Commentaries at
There occurs in Ulpian (Dig. 1. tit. 1. s. 1. $ 2, all ; and it is evident that in their present form
3, 4. s. 4. s. 6) and in "Tryphoninus and Hermoge- they are of much later origin. The Commen-
nianus a threefold division of law, viewed with re- taries may originally bave been written by one of
spect to its origin --Jus Naturale, Gentium, Civile. the sophists of the name, either of Emesa or An-
In Gaius and other writers there is only a two- I tioch, but they have received numerous additions
w
for
of
29.
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for
len
and
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## p. 1281 (#1297) ##########################################

VOCULA:
1281
VOLSCIUS.
adju Cesas
ure eçcreen S
ue i) has add
dorisien
Jestem bare is
first porn
e app to the car
be passages of Guru
in skich the ri
dar clearis
; tt 5. 2. ) Then
taking a percent of
division can
tha: the Jas Naturale
be as the Jus Geona
2
that Ulpian the Trans
Brent to the Depar
the jurist, because is
be jarist was e a Tram
saab. ) speaks of the app
the juns dreda etti
red be iniuriated on
i his Ulozan a jus, ad
consider bum one. Tha 2
reat deal of costs
See the article de
ary of the Society for
Niedge. "
been made to prove kich
l'es were very hostile note
Ange is founded on a pages
. last. T. II); bat 1 2 3
om te wham be medo 1
And if the passare redes 3
ozhing agains: bigº li ask
its directed to procesas tiene
and interpolations from some grammarian of a very cess, but neglected to follow up his advantage, in
late period. This is the opinion of Fr. A. Wolf, all probability because, like the other commanders,
who remarks that there are scarcely twenty pas he was a partizan of Vespasian, and did not wish
sages in Demosthenes in which the writer throws that, by the destruction of Civilis, the legions of
light upon difficulties, which could not be equally Germany should be set at liberty to go to the aid of
well explained without his aid. These Commen. Vitellius. On the other hand, the common soldiers,
taries were printed for the first time along with who were strongly attached to Vitellius, were for
the lexicon of Harpocration by Aldus Manutius, this reason in a state of almost constant mutiny,
Venice, 1503, fol. , and are likewise printed in the and on one occasion, when Hordeonius Flaccus was
10th volume of Dobson's edition of the Attic ora- killed, Vocula only escaped by fiying from the
tors, London, 1828, as well as in other editions of camp dressed as a slare. He was soon after joined
the Attic orators. (Comp. Wolf, In Demosthenis again by three legions, with which he took posses-
leptineam, p. 210 ; Westermann, Geschichte der sion of Magontiacum. In the revolt of Treviri,
Griechischen Beredtsumkeit, § 101, note 13. ) under Classicus and Tutor (A. D. 70), Vocula was
U'LPIUS CRINITU'S, a general in the forsaken by his army at Novesium, and was put to
reign of Valerian, claimed descent from the cm- death by a deserter named Acmilius Longinus,
peror Trajan. He had the command of Illyricum whom Classicus sent into the camp for that pur-
and Thrace, where Aurelian, afterwards emperor, pose. His soldiers were marched off to Treviri, and
was his legatus. The latter distinguished himself meeting on their way with Longinus, they put him
80 much that Ulpins adopted him as his son in the to death. (Tac. Hist. iv. 24-26, 33–37, 56-
presence of Valerian. (Vopisc. Aurel. 10–15. ) 59, 77. )
(P. S. )
Ulpius was consul suffectus along with his son-in- VOLACI’NUS, an architect, known by the
law Valerian in A. D. 257. LAURELIANUS, p. inscription on a monument erected to his memory
436, b. )
by his wife Selene. (Fabretti, Inscr. p. 176, No.
U'LÞIUS JULIA’NUS, was employed to take 353 ; Muratori, Thes. vol. ii. p. cmlxxvi. 4 ; Sillig,
the census under Caracalla, and was praefectus Catal. Artif. Append. s. v. ; R. Rochette, Lettre à
praetorio under Macrinus. He was sent to An- M. Schorn, p. 426, 2d. ed. )
(P. S. ]
tioch to put down the rebellion of Elagabalus, but VOLCATIA or VULCATIA GENS, is not
was slain by his own troops, A. D. 218. (Dion mentioned till the latter end of the republic. The
Cass. lxxviii, 4, 15; Herodian. v. 4. & 5 : Capitol. first member of it who obtained the consulship was
Macrin. 10. )
L. Volcatius Tullus in B. c. 66. TULLUS is the only
U'LPIUS MARCELLUS. (MARCELLUS. ) cognomen borne by the Volcatii in the time of the
U'LPIUS TRAJANUS. [TRAJANUS. ) republic, but under the empire we meet with
ULTOR,“ the avenger," a surname of Mars, to other surnames, a list of which is given below.
whom Augustus built a temple at Rome in the VOLCA'TIUS, a Roman eques, one of tho
forum, after taking vengeance upon the murderers agents of Verres in oppressing the Sicilians. (Cic.
of his great-uncle, Julius Caesar. (Sueton. Aug. 21, Verr. ii. 9, 23, iii. 73. )
29, Calig. 24 ; Ov. Fast. v. 577. ) [L. S. ] VOLCA'TIUS GALLICA'NUS. [GALLI-
ULYSSES, ULYXES, ULIXES. [ODYS-CANUS. )
SEUS. )
VOLCATIUS GURGES. [GURGES. ]
UMBO'NIUS SI'LIO. [Silio. ]
VOLCA'TIUS MOSCHUS. (Moschus. )
P. UMBRE'NUS, one of Catiline's crew,
had VOLCA'TIUS SEDIŠGITUS. [SEDIGITUS. )
formerly carried on business in Gaul as a money-
VOLCATIUS TERENTIANUS, wrote a
lender (negotiator, see Dict. of Ant. s. v. 2d ed. ), history of his own times. He lived under the
and was therefore employed by Lentulus to per- Gordians. (Capitolin. Gordian. Jun. 21. )
suade the ambassadors of the Allobroges to take VOLCATIUS TERTULLI'NUS. [TER-
part in the conspiracy, B. C. 63. (Sall. Cat. 40 ; TULLINUS. ]
Cic. Cat. iii. 6. )
VOLCATIUS TULLI'NUS. [TULLINUS. ]
UMBRICIUS, an haruspex, predicted to Galba VOLESUS. (VoLusus. ]
sacrificing shortly before his death, that a plot VO'LERO PUBLI'LIUS. [PUBLILIUS. )
threatened him. (Tac. Hist. i. 27. )
VOʻLNIUS, not VOLUMNIUS, wrote some Tus-
UMMI'DIA QUADRATILLA. (QUADRA- can tragedies, and is quoted by Varro for the
TILLA. ]
statement that the names of the three ancient
UMMIDIUS QUADRATUS. (QUADRA- Roman tribes, Ramnes, Titienses, and Luceres,
TUS. )
were Etruscan. (Varr. L. L. v. 55, ed. Müller;
VOCO'NIUS NASO. (Naso. ]
Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. i. note 415. )
VOCO'NIUS ROMANUS. (ROMANUS. ] VOLOGESES, the name of five kings of
VOCO'NIUS SAXA. [Saxa. ]
Parthia. (Arsaces XXIII. , XXVII. , XXVIII. ,
VOCO'NIUS VITULUS. (VITULUS. ) XXIX. , XXX. ]
VO'CULA, DI'LLIUS, legate of the 18th le- M. VO'LSCIUS FICTOR, who had been pre-
gion of the Roman army on the Rhine, at the time viously tribune of the plebs, came forward in B. C.
of the Batavian revolt (A. D. 69). On account 461 to bear witness against K. Quintins, the son
of the firmness with which he opposed a mutiny of L. Cincinnatus, and declared that soon after the
against Hordeonius Flaccus, he was made com- plague he and his elder brother fell in with a party
mander-in-chief by the soldiers in place of that of patrician youths who came rushing through the
general. Not venturing to attack Civilis in the Subura, when their leader Kaeso knocked down
feld, he fixed his camp at Gelduba, and shortly his brother, who was still feeble from the sickness
afterwards quelled another mutiny, which had he had just got over, and injured him so much
broken ont during his absence on an incursion that he died shortly afterwards. Dionysius makes
against the Gugerni. [HERENNIUS Gallus. ] Volscius tribune of the plebs in this year. In
He afterwards carried on the war with some suco consequence of this testiinony Kaeso was con.
4 N
1
posed penalties on the l'hores
Proconsulis could not sot a po
a regulated a praconsz') oticas
as severe and cruel Ace
of England on religion sich mit
ete a few years ago, if
which contained severe peces
asses of religious persoas
L. i. p. 457, Zimmer, Galicia
rechts, i. p. 370; Grocis, vitae vit
(G. LI
. S (Odd Tiarós), the name of time
ned by Saidas
h, the brother of ledare of Pals
brated for his knowledre at
he tanght at Athens. He Bed
of the fifth century of the Choice
is does not mention air Fad 3
iis l"pianus.
(ESA, a sophist
, srote several parks
Art of Rhetoric was one.
STIOCH, a sophist lived in the time di
the Great and wrote gereral thes
which are enumerated by Sudes
me of Ipianus is pretired to LIST
ries in Greek, og eighteen of the at
emosthenes ; and it is usual's stated this
I written by l’lpianus of Asics B
oes not mention these Comments
it is erident that in their presents that
1 of much later origin. The Code
uy originally have been written bf et «
ists of the name, either of Emea
at ther bare nocired nunernes
VOL. 111.