No More Learning

Peale, Charles Willson. An American
artist, inventor, and miscellaneous writer; born
in Maryland, April 16, 1741; died in Philadel-
phia, Feb. 22, 1827. He attained distinction
as a portrait painter, and also as a naturalist.
He wrote : Essay on Building Wooden Bridges)
(1797); “Discourse Introductory to a Course of
Lectures on Natural History) (1800); Do-
mestic Happiness) (1816).
Peale, Rembrandt. An American artist and
writer on art; born in Bucks County, Pa. , Feb.
22, 1778; died in Philadelphia, Oct. 3, 1860.
He was a renowned portrait painter, and the
author of Notes on Italy) (1831); Portfolio of
an Artist) (1839); (Graphics) (1845).
Peard, Frances Mary. A popular English
novelist, daughter of Commander G. S. Peard,
R. N. ; born at Exminster, Devon, in 1835.
Among her numerous novels and historical ro-
mances, which have been popular both in Eng.
land and the United States, are : Unawares)
(1870); (The Rose-Garden) (1872); «Thorpe
Regis) (1874); (Cartouche) (1878); (Schloss and
Town (1882); (The Asheldon School-Room)
(1883); Prentice Hugh' (1887); (The Blue
Dragon); (The Interloper. )
Peattie, Mrs. Elia Wilkinson. An Ameri-
can journalist and miscellaneous writer; born
in Michigan in 1862. She is connected with
the Chicago press. Her works include: (The
Judge,' a novel (1891); (With Scrip and Staff,
a story of the Children's Crusade (1891); (A
Mountain Woman, and Other Stories) (1896).
Peck, George Wilbur. An American poli-
tician and humorist; born in New York State
in 1840. He was at one time mayor of Milwau-
kee, and subsequently governor of Wisconsin.
In 1883 he published Peck's Bad Boy and
his Pa,' a humorous book which attained im-
mediate popularity and was subsequently suc-
cessfully dramatized. His other works include:
(A Compendium of Fun (1883); “How Private
George W. Peck Put Down the Rebellion
(1887).
Peck, Harry Thurston. An American
scholar and literary critic; born at Stamford,
Conn. , 1856. He is a graduate of Columbia
College, and professor of Latin in that institu-
tion, now Columbia University. Since 1895 he
has been the American editor of the Bookman.
Among his works are: (The Semitic Theory of
Creation) (1886); (Suetonius) (1889); Latin
Pronunciation (1890); Dictionary of Classical
Antiquities and Literature) (1897).
Peck, Samuel Minturn. A popular Amer-
ican poet; born in Tuscaloosa, Ala. , 1854. He
was educated at the University of Alabama, and
later studied medicine in New York. He is a
resident of his native place, where he devotes
his time to literature and farming. Among his
works are: (Cap and Bells) (1886); (Rings and
Love Knots) (1892); (Rhymes and Roses);
(Fair Women of To-Day. ?
Peckham, John. An English mediæval theo-
logian; archbishop of Canterbury; died 1292.
He was a voluminous writer on theological
and scientific subjects. Among his works are :
(Common Perspective); (Theory of the Plan-
ets. In verse he wrote: “The Nightingale,
Harbinger of Pleasant Weather); Defense of
the Mendicant Friars.
Pedersen, Christiern (pā'der-sen). A Dan-
ish scholar and historical writer; born about
1480, at Svendborg on the island of Fuynen;
died 1554. He was an ardent Reformer. By
his translation of Luther's Bible - the Bible
of Christian III. , so called — he contributed
largely to the formation of the literary lan-
guage of Denmark. He wrote several histori.
cal works, and translated the Danish History)
of Saxo Grammaticus.
Pedouë, François (ped-ö-ā'). A French
poet; born at Paris, 1603; died at Chartres,
1667. His works are: Essays in Poetry and
in Praise of a Lady) (1624); Early Works of
the Sieur Pedouë); and (The Polished Citizen)
(1631). Thereafter he renounced poetry and
set about compiling a work on mystical the-
ology, (The Granada Collection. )
Peebles, Mrs. Mary Louise (Parmalee ).
[“ Lynde Palmer. ”] An American writer of
juvenile tales; born in Lansingburg, N. Y. ,
Dec. 10, 1833. Among her books are :( The Little
Captain) (1861); Helps over Hard Places)
(1862); (The Good Fight) (1865); (The Hon-
orable Club) (1867); Drifting and Steering)
(1867); (Archie's Shadow) (1869); "Jeannette's
Cisterns) (1882).
Peele, George. An English dramatist; born
1553 (? ); died 1597 (? ). He wrote: (The Ar-
raignment of Paris,' a comedy (1584); (The
Chronicle History of Edward I. (1593); (The


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422
PEET – PENN
:
а
(
Battle of Alcazar) (1594); (The Old Wives'
Tale) (1595); David and Bethsabe) (1599);
(Sir Clyomon and Sir Clamydes) (1599). *
Peet, Stephen Denison. An American cler-
gyman and archæologist; born at Euclid, O. ,
Dec. 2, 1830. He is a Congregational minister
of Wisconsin, and an authority on the works
of the mound-builders and American archæol-
ogy in general. Among his works are : (Ancient
Architecture in merica) (1884); Picture Writ-
ing) (1885); (The Effigy Mounds of Wisconsin)
(1888); Prehistoric America) (1890-95).
Pelabon, Étienne (pā-lä-bôn). A Provençal
poet; born at Toulon, 1745; died at Marseilles,
1808. He wrote a two-act comedy in patois
verse (1790), which had extraordinary success.
He wrote also: Patriotic Reunion,' in verse
and in one act; Matthew and Anne); (The
Sansculottes.
Peladan, Josephin (pā-lä-dan'). [(The Sar. ”]
A French mystical writer; born at Lyons, 1859.
He gave himself out to be a descendant of the
last of the Babylonian kings, and as such took
the name or title of (Sar,” and assumed a
theatrical garb. He reinstituted the Templar
Order of the Rosy Cross, of which he was
grand master. For the (salon of the Rosy
Cross ) he prepared dramatic pieces, among
them : (The Son of the Stars,' a sort of Wag-
nerian-Chaldaic play in three acts (1892); and
(Babylon,' a tragedy in four acts (1893). His
masterpiece is a romantic cyclus, 'Latin Deca-
dence,' a mixture of astrology, mysticism, and
esotericism. The first romance in the cyclus is
(The Supreme Vice) (1886); others are (The
Man-Woman'(1890);( The Woman-Man (1891).
He has written also (Asthetic Decadence) and
(Ochlocratic Art) (1880).
Pellegrin, Simon-Joseph (pel-gran'). A
French dramatist; born at Marseilles, 1663; died
at Paris, 1745. Among his works are : Poly-
dorus,' a tragedy (1705); Death of Ulysses)
(1706); (The New World,' comedy (1723); (Di-
vorce of Love and Reason) (1724); Pastor
Fido: (1726); (Hymen's School; or, Her Hus-
band's Sweetheart) (1742). He wrote also a
great many religious poems.
Pelletan, Pierre Clément Eugène (pel-ton').
A French publicist; born Oct. 29, 1813; died Dec.
13, 1884. Under the signature "An Unknown,'
he won distinction as a literary and phil-
osophical critic and writer on social questions
in the Paris Presse. Noteworthy among his
writings are: (The Extinguished Lamp,' a philo-
sophical novel (1840); Dogma : the Clergy and
the State) (1848); (Rights of Man (1858);
(Some People and Others) (1873), a curious
collection of personal reminiscences.
Pellew, (William George (pel'ö). An
American writer, of New York city ; born in
England in 1859; died in 1892. Among his
works are: 'In Castle and Cabin, or Talks in
Ireland) (1888); (Woman and the Common-
wealth) (1888); "Life of John Jay) (1888).
Pellico, Silvio (pel'lē-kő). An Italian poet;
born at Saluzzo in Piedmont, June 24, 1788;
died at Turin, Jan. 31, 1854. His works are the
tragedies (Laodicea, Francesca of Rimini,
and 'Eufemio of Messina) (1820). During his
incarceration in the prison of Santa Margherita
in Milan, he wrote the tragedies (Iginia of
Asti, Ester of Engaddi,' and (Leonerio of
Dertonia. He told the story of his prison life
in My Prisons. After his liberation he wrote
the tragedies (Gismonda da Mendrisio, Hero-
dias,' and ( Thomas More); also some poetical
narratives and lyric poems. *
Pellissier, Charles Marie Athanase (pel-is-
yā'). A French theologian; born at Bordeaux,
1810; died 1871. He entered the ministry of
the French Protestant Church 1847, and attained
high distinction as a pulpit orator and polemist.
He wrote an Appeal to Catholics, or Essay
on the Duty of Examining '; also several poems;
and made a versified translation of the Book
of Job.
Pelloutier, Simon (pel-öt-yā'). A German
historian ; born at Leipsic, 1094; died at Berlin,
1757. He wrote a History of the Celts) (2
vols. , 1740–50), a work of immense research
and written in most attractive style.
Pels, Andreas (pels). A Dutch poet of the
17th century; died at Amsterdam in 1681. His
principal works are : Death of Dido,' a tragedy;
Iulfus, comedy; a poem (On the Use and
Abuse of the Theatre) (1671).
Pemberton, Max. An English journalist,
editor, and novelist. He has been a contributor
to Vanity Fair, and editor of Chums, a boys'
paper, and is now in charge of Cassell's Maga-
zine. He has published: (The Iron Pirate)
(1894), (Sea-Wolves) (1894), and (The Im-
pregnable City) (1895), stories of adventure ;
(The Little Huguenot); (A Puritan's Wife)
(1896); (A Gentleman's Gentleman) (1896);
(Christine of the Hills) (1897), a novel of Dal-
matian life, considered his best work.
Pendleton, Louis (Beauregard). An Amer.
ican novelist and writer of juvenile literature;
born in Georgia in 1861. His works deal prin-
cipally with Southern scenes and characters,
the most popular being: (In the Wire Grass)
(1889); “King Tom and the Runaways) (1890),
a juvenile tale; (The Sons of Ham (1895);
In the Okefenokee,' a juvenile tale.
Penn, Granville. An English theological
writer; born at London, Dec. 9, 1761; died
1844. He made a critical revision of the New
Testament --(The Book of the New Covenant
of our Lord' (1836); (Annotations) to the
same (1837); (Remarks on the Eastern Ori-
gination of Mankind and of the Arts of Cul.
tivated Life) (1799).
Penn, John. An English miscellaneous
writer; born at London, Feb. 22, 1700; died
June 21, 1834. He wrote: (The Battle of Ed-
dington, or British Libe ;) a drama (1792); a
volume of Poems) (1794); Letters on the
)
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PENN – PEREY
423
Drama) (1796); (Virgil's Fourth Eclogue, with
Notes) (1825).
Penn, William. The founder of Pennsyl.
vania; born at London, Oct. 14, 1644; died
July 30, 1718. He wrote: (Truth Exalted, a
religious tract expounding the doctrines or
principles of the Friends (1668); (A Sandy
Foundation Shaken (1668), an impeachment
of the Athanasian Creed; "No Cross, No
Crown' (1669), written in the prison of the
Tower of London, to which he had been com-
mitted for publication of the Anti-Athanasian
tract without license; (Reasonableness of Tol-
eration (1689); “Primitive Christianity Revived
in the Faith and Practice of the People Called
Quakers) (1696); and many other works.
Pennell, Henry Cholmondeley. An English
poet and writer on angling ; born in 1837. After
serving in various departments of the Admi-
ralty, he was selected to carry out commercial
reforms for the Khedive of Egypt. His poetical
works are well known, among them being : Puck
on Pegasus) (1861); (The Crescent) (1866);
(The Muses of Mayfair (1874); (From Grave
to Gay) (1885). On angling and ichthyology
he has written : (The Angler-Naturalist) (1864);
( The Modern Practical Angler) (1873); two
volumes on fishing in the (Badminton Library);
articles in the Fisherman's Magazine and Re-
view, of which he was editor 1864-65.
Pennell, Mrs. Elizabeth (Robins) (pen'el).
An American writer, wife of Joseph. For many
years she has been a resident of London, and
has traveled extensively in Europe. Besides
contributions to the Atlantic, the Century, and
other magazines, she has published numerous
books, illustrated by her husband, and in some
cases written in collaboration with him, the
best known being : (A Canterbury Pilgrimage )
(1885); “Two Pilgrims' Progress) (1886); (Our
Journey to the Hebrides) (1889); (Play in
Provence) (1891); (To Gipsyland' (1892);
(Feasts of Autolycus) (1896).
Pennell, Joseph. An American illustrator
and author ; born in Pennsylvania in 1859. Be-
sides works written in collaboration with his
wife, he has published: (Pen Drawing and
Pen Draughtsmen' (1889); “The Jew at Home)
(1892); Modern Illustration.
Pennie, John Fitzgerald. An English dra-
matic writer; born at East Lulworth in Dorset-
shire, March 25, 1782; died at Storborough, near
Wareham, July 13, 1848. Among his dramas are:
'The Varangian, or Masonic Honor); ' Ethel-
red the Usurper) (1817); (Ethelwolf, or the
Danish Pirates) (1821); he wrote also (The
Royal Minstrel, an epic poem (1817).
Pentecost, George Frederick. An Ameri-
can clergyman and religious writer; born at
Albion, III. , in 1843. He was at one time con-
nected with the Baptist and Congregational
Churches, but of late has been more prominent
as an evangelist. His best works are: (The
Angel in the Marble) (1877); “Out of Egypt
(1884); ( The Christian and the Modern Dance)
(1884).
Pepys, Samuel (peeps or peps). A cele-
brated English diarist; born in London, Feb.
23, 1633; died there, May 26, 1703. He wrote
the Diary) which bears his name, beginning
it in January 1660, and making the last entry
May 31, 1669. *
Peralta-Barnuevo, Pedro de (pā-räl'tä-bär-
nö-ä'vo). A Peruvian historian of the first half
of the 18th century. Among his works are :
(The Founding of Lima) (1718); "History of
Spain Vindicated (1730).
Perce, Elbert. An American writer and
littérateur of New York city; born in New
York in 1831 ; died in 1869. He published:
"Old Carl the Cooper) (1854); (The Last of
his Name) (1854); (The Battle Roll (1857);
(His Three Voyages); and several translations
from the Swedish.
Percival, James Gates. An American poet
and scientist ; born in Kensington, Conn. , Sept.
15, 1795; died at Hazel Green, Wis. , May 2, 1856.
During his career he was a professor of chem-
istry at West Point, army surgeon, botanist, and
State geologist of Connecticut; but will be
best remembered as a poet. His chief works
are : (Prometheus) (1820); "Clio) (1822), prose
and verse ; Dream of a Day) (1843).
Percy, Thomas. An English poet; born at
Bridgenorth in Shropshire, April 13, 1728 or
1729; died at Dromore, Ireland, Sept. 30, 1811.
He was a minister of the English Church;
was made dean of Carlisle in 1778, and bishop
of Dromore in 1782. He made a collection of
old popular ballads and songs, published under
the title “Reliques of Ancient English Poetry)
(3 vols. , 1765), which ultimately transformed
English poetic style and matter. He wrote
the ballad (The Hermit of Warkworth,' and
the song (O Nanny, Wilt Thou Gang wi' Me.
Pereda, José Maria de (per-ā'dä). A Span-
ish story-writer; born at Polanco, near Santan-
der, Feb. 7, 1834. He wrote many charming
descriptions of life in rural Spain and in Ma-
drid. Among his stories are : 'Sotileza) (1888);
(Don Gonzalo Gonzalez de la Gonzalera (1889);
(La Puchera) (1889); "La Montalvez) (1891). *
Pereira da Silva, Joað Manuel (pe-rā'rä dä
sel'vä). A Brazilian historian; born at Rio de
Janeiro, 1818. He wrote: History of the
Founding of the Empire of Brazil (3 vols.
,
1864-68); Brazilian Plutarch (2 vols. , 1866);
Jeronimo Corte-Real); Portuguese Literature:
Its Past and Present) (1866): (Second Period of
the Reign of Dom Pedro I. in Brazil (1875);
(History of Brazil during the Minority of
Dom Pedro II. , 1831-40) (1882); “Epic Poetry)
(1889).
Perey, Luce (pār-ā), pseudonym of Luce
Herpin. A French critic and essayist; born in
Carouge, Switzerland, 1832. Her best works
are : A Woman of the World in the 18th Cen-
tury: The Youth of Madame d'Épinay); “The
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424
PEREZ-PERROT
Last Years of Madame d'Épinay); and (The Italy) (1883). He was also critical editor of
Private Life of Voltaire at Délices and at the "Cyclopædia of Paintings and Painters)
Ferney.
(1892).
Perez, Antonio (pā'rāth). A Spanish states- Perkins, Eli. See Landon, Melville de
man and historian; born 1539; died at Paris, Lancey.
1611. His principal work is 'Relations of An-
Perkins, Frederic Beecher. An American
tonio Perez, Secretary of State of Philip II.
miscellaneous writer; born in Hartford, Conn. ,
(1589). As revealing the secrets of Philip II. 's
Sept. 27, 1828. He received his education at
life as a king and a man, it had a wide circu-
Yale ; studied law, and was admitted to the
lation : from this work was made up a volume bar in 1851.
He was librarian of the San
of Aphorisms of Antonio Perez); also a vol-
Francisco Library from 1880 to 1887. Among
ume of Noteworthy Passages Taken from the
his works are : "Scrope; or, The Lost Library)
Writings of Don Antonio Perez' (1602).
(1874), a novel; Devil Puzzlers, and Other
Perez, Pedro Ildefonso. A Mexican poet ; Studies) (1877); ' Life of Dickens) (1877); 'The
born at Merida in Yucatan, Jan. 23, 1826; died Best Reading (1877).
there, Feb. 21, 1869. He wrote: (The Martyrs
Perkins, James Breck. An American lawyer
of Independence'; (The Prison of Life); (The
and historical writer of Rochester, N. Y. ; born
Smuggler,' a tragedy.
at St. Croix Falls, Wis. , Nov. 4, 1847. His chief
Perez de Zambrana, Luisa (pā'rāth dā works are : France under Mazarin (1886);
thäm-brä-nä). A Cuban story-writer and poet ; (France under the Regency) (1892); (France
born at El Cobre near Santiago, 1837. She
under Louis XV. )
wrote the novels (Angelica and Stella,' and
Perkins, Justin. An American missionary ;
(The Executioner's Daughter); several of her born at West Springfield, Mass. , March 12, 1805;
poems were translated into Italian and French.
died in Chicopee, Mass. , Dec. 31, 1869. He
Perez Galdos, Benito. See Galdos.
was educated at Amherst and Andover. In
1833 he went to Persia as a missionary, and was
Perfall, Karl, Baron von (per'fäl). A Ger-
active in establishing schools in that country.
man story-writer and art critic; born at Lands-
His works include: (Residence of Eight Years
berg on the Lech, March 24, 1851. Under the
in Persia! (1843); Missionary Life in Persia)
pseudonym «Theodor von der Ammer," he
(1861).
wrote Munich Pictures: Humor and Satire
from Isar-Athens) (2d ed. 1878); and under his Perrault, Charles (pā-ro'). A French poet;
name the novels (Ghosts of Quality) born at Paris, Jan. 12, 1628; died there, May
(1883); “ Wedding of Herr von Radenau (1884); 16, 1703. He wrote a poem on (The Age of
(Viscountess Bossu) (1885); (The Langstein- Louis the Great' (1687); a Parallel between
ers) (1886); Natural Love) (1890); (The De- the Ancients and the Moderns); and a series
vout Widow) (2d ed. 1890); "Lost Eden : Holy of immortal fairy-tales in prose : “Stories of my
Grail) (1894); (The King's Darling' (1895).
Mother the Goose) (1697), containing Puss in
Boots' (Red Riding Hood, Bluebeard,' (Cin.
Perfetti, Bernardino (per-fet'tē). An Italian
derella, (Tom Thumb, etc. *
poet; born at Siena, 1681 ; died 1747. He was
an improvvisatore, and accompanied with the Perrens, François Tommy (per-räns'). A
lyre his verses as he composed them ; he was
French historian ; born at Bordeaux, Sept. 20,
as ready to versify a thesis of philosophy or of 1822. Among his works are : Jerome Savona-
jurisprudence as to compose a lyric poem. A rola) (1854); Church and State under Henri
collection of his verses was published in 1748
IV. ? (1872); Democracy in France in the Mid-
under the title "Poetic Essays.
dle Ages) (1873); (General History of Paris);
(History of Florence from the Beginning to
Pori, Gian Domenico (per'ē), surnamed “The
the Domination of the Medicis ) (6 vols. , 1877-
Poet of the Woods. ) An Italian poet; born
84); continued down to the fall of the republic
in the district of Siena, about 1570; died 1638.
(3 vols. , 1893).
He wrote (Comedies of the Woods' and
(Shepherds' Dramas. After reading the Bi- Perret, Paul (per-ā'). A French novelist;
ble and Tasso, he essayed more ambitious born at Paimbeuf (Loire Inférieure), Feb. 12,
themes, and wrote a poem on the creation of 1830. He wrote: 'Life's Seven Crosses); 'Eve's
the world, entitled (Chaɔs); but it was never Fair Daughters); Neither Maid nor Widow)
published. He wrote some spirited satires on ( 1879 ); (What Love Costs) ( 1881 ); (Half-
the corrupt manners of his time in the highest Marriages) (1881 ); King Margot) (1887);
and lowest classes of society.
(The Last Dreamers) (1890).
Perkins, Charles Callahan. An American Perrot, Georges (per-ro'). A celebrated
writer and lecturer on art; born in Boston, French archæologist and historian of art; born
March 1823; died at Windsor, Vt. , Aug. 25, at Villeneuve-Saint-Georges (Seine-et-Oise ),
1886. He was a prominent art critic and lect- Nov. 12, 1832. He became professor of archæ-
urer, and president of the Boston Art Club ology in the Faculty of Letters ( 1877 ), and
(1869-79). His published works include : (Ital- director of the Upper Normal School (1883).
ian Sculptors) (1868); "Raphael and Michel During his archæological investigations in
Angelo) (1878); (Sepulchral Monuments in Asia Minor, he made the first complete copy
own
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PERRY - PETERSON
425
of the celebrated inscription on the monument
to Augustus at Ancyra. He enjoys a world-
wide reputation as co-author, with the archi-
tect C. Chipiez, of a History of Art in An-
tiquity) (1881-89), in five volumes, treating of
art in Egypt, Chaldæa, Asia Minor, etc. Most
of them have been translated into English.
Perry, Bliss. An American educator and
writer of fiction ; born in Massachusetts in 1860.
He is a professor of oratory and ästhetic criti.
cism at Princeton University. He has pub-
lished: (The Broughton House) (1890); (Salem
Kittredge, and Other Stories! (1894); (The
Plated City) (1895).
Perry, Charlotte Augusta. An American
poet; born in Wisconsin in 1848. In 1888 she
published a volume of poems under the name
Carlotta Perry. ”
Perry, Mary Alice. An American writer of
fiction; born in Massachusetts in 1854; died in
1883. Her works include 'Esther Pennefather,
and More Ways Than One.
Perry, Nora. An American poet and writer
of fiction; born at Dudley, Mass. , in 1832; died
in 1896. For many years she was a corre-
spondent of the Chicago Tribune and the
Providence Journal. Early in her career she
gained a reputation as a poet, but of late was
more widely known as a writer of stories for
girls. Her works include : (After the Ball, and
Other Poems) (1875); (For a Woman) (1885),
a novel; New Songs and Ballads! ( 1886 );
A Flock of Girls) (1887); (A Rosebud Gar-
den of Girls) (1892); Hope Benham' (1894).
Perry, Thomas Sergeant. An American
educator, critic, and author; born at Newport,
R. I. , 1845. He graduated at Harvard in 1866;
was tutor in German there, 1868–72; and in-
structor in English, 1877-81. He has spent
many years abroad, and is a frequent contrib-
utor to magazines. One of his best efforts is
(The Evolution of the Snob) (1887). His other
works are: (English Literature in the 18th
Century) (1883); From Opitz to Lessing)
(1884); History of Greek Literature (1890).
Perry, William Stevens. An American cler.
gyman and historical writer; born in Provi-
dence, R. I. , 1832. He became bishop of lowa
in 1876. Among the best known of his numerous
books are : (Documentary History of the Prot-
estant Episcopal Church) (1863); History of
the American Episcopal Church' (1885); "Life
Lessons from the Book of Proverbs) (1885).
Persius Flaccus, Aulus (per'ze-us flak’us).
A Latin satiric poet; born at Volaterra in
Etruria, 34 A. D. ; died 62 A. D. He wrote but
six satires, and they are all extant. The mean-
ing is often very obscure because of unintelli-
ble allusions and excessive brevity. *
Pesado, José Joaquin (pā-zä'dő). A Mexi.
can poet; born at San Agustin de Palmar, Feb.
9, 1801 ; died at Mexico, 1861. His works are
collected in the volume (Original and Trans-
lated Poems) (3d ed. 1886).
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich (pes-tä-lot'sē).
A Swiss educationist; born at Zürich, Jan. 12,
1746; died at Brugg in Aargau, Feb. 17, 1827.
Inspired by Rousseau's (Émile, he decided to
work for the reformation of the systems of
popular schooling. He wrote a celebrated story
of village life, 'Lienhart and Gertrude) (4 vols. ,
1781-89); its sequel, Christopher and Else)
(1782); “Researches on the Course of Nature
in the Development of the Human Race) (1797);
(How Gertrude Teaches her Children: An Es-
say toward Directing Mothers how to Educate
their Children' (1801); 'Life and its Fortunes,
autobiographical (1825); (The Simplest Way
to Educate a Child from the Cradle to the
Sixth Year) (1825).
Peter, Karl Ludwig (pā'ter). A German
historian; born at Freyburg on the Unstrut,
April 6, 1808; died at Jena, Aug. II, 1893.
Among his works are : Epochs in the History
of the Roman Constitution) (1841); (Studies
in Roman History) (1863); (Criticism of the
Sources of Ancient Roman History) (1879).
Peters, Samuel Andrew. An American
clergyman and author; born at Hebron, Conn. ,
1735; died in New York, 1826.
He was or-
dained a minister in the Church of England
at Hartford in 1760. In 1774 he sailed to
England to escape persecution on account of
his toryism, and in 1781 published the satirical
(General History of Connecticut,' which gave
rise to the misconception as to “Blue Laws,
which were in the brain of Peters instead of
having ever been on the statute-books of Con-
necticut.
Petersen, Niels Mathias (pā'der-sen). A
Danish historian and philologist; born at
Sanderum in the island of Fuynen, Oct. 24,
1791; died at Copenhagen, May 11, 1862. He
was appointed professor of Norse languages
in the University of Copenhagen in 1845.
Among his numerous works are: History of
the Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish Lan-
guages) (2 vols. , 1829-30); "History of Den-
mark in Heathenism (3 vols. , 2d ed. 1854);
Norse Mythology) (2d ed. 1862); (History of
Danish Literature) (5 vols. , 2d ed. 1867-71).
Peterson, Charles Jacobs. An American
publisher and novelist; born in Philadelphia,
1818; died there, 1887. He was the founder of
Peterson's Magazine, and the author of several
popular novels. His works include: (Military
Heroes of the United States) (1847); (Cruising
in the Last War) (1849); “Grace Dudley) (1849);
Kate Aylesford (1855); “Mabel' (1857).
Peterson, Frederick. An American physi-
cian and poet; born in Minnesota in 1859.
He has published "Poems and Swedish Trans-
lations' (1883); and "In the Shade of Ygdrasil)
(1893).
Peterson, Henry. An American journalist
and poet, cousin of Charles J. ; born in Phila-
delphia, 1818; died in 1891. For twenty years
he was on the editorial staff of the Philadelphia


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426
PETIS DE LA CROIX- PFEFFEL
Petronius Arbiter (pe-tro'nē-us är'biter). .
A Latin writer of satirical fiction. He lived
in the first century of our era, but nothing is
known with certainty of his life. Of his story
or novel, called "Satires, which originally con-
sisted of about 20 (books, there is extant
a considerable fragment, (Trimalchio's Ban-
quet. ” *
Petrucelli della Gattina, Ferdinando
(pā-trö-chel’ē deillä gät-te'nä). An Italian
politician and journalist; born in Naples, 1813.
He wrote : Preliminaries of the Roman Ques-
tion) (1860); King of Kings,' a study of
Hildebrand (2d ed. 1865); Diplomatic His.
tory of Conclaves) (4 vols. , 1804-65).
Peyrebrune, Georges de - Mathilde Geor-
gina Elisabeth de Peyrebrune de Judicis
(pår-brün'). A French novelist; born in Dor-
dogne in 1848. She is one of the most popular
women novelists in France, and has written:
(Gatienne) (1882); Jean Bernard (1883); (A
Separation) (1884); (The Brothers Colombe)
(1885), one of her best works; (A Decadent'
(1888); (The Romance of a Bas-Bleu' (1892).
showing the dangers of a literary career for
women.
Saturday Evening Post. Among his works are :
(The Modern Job, and Other Poems) (1809);
(Faire-Mount! (1874); Cæsar : A Dramatic
Study) (1879).
Petis de la Croix, François (pā-tē' dé lä
krwä').