s Patrick, who was nephew to the great Irish Apostle,
according
to Jocelin,5^ after the death of his uncle, retired to Glastonbury, and was there buried.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v8
Patricii Hiber-
niae Apostoli S- Fieco Episcopo Sleptensi
Authore, p. 3, and Scholia Veteris Scholi-
Quinta Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 266.
3I Thus is it entered in the "Leabhar
astse,
n. 6, ibid. 29^ p.
Scriptores. "
352 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 24.
Patrick, as to the period when he lived, or perhaps because he attained to an extraordinary age. The feast of Old Patrick is commemorated in the
of To this notice, the August.
Scholiast in the Leabhar Breac copy has attached comments, in Irish and Latin. 33 From the date of his festival, it seems to be established, that in the eighth or ninth century, in the Irish Church, Old Patrick was distinguished from the great Apostle of Ireland, in ecclesiastical traditions.
"
Moreover, we may infer from the record in the
lived, at latest in the eighth, if not in some previous century.
As an early writer of the Acts and Miracles of the illustrious Apostle of Ireland, Jocelyn alludes to a St. Patricks who is called the Filiolus or " little
"
"Feilire" of St. 1 at the MngasJ
furnished by Whitley Stokes, LL. D.
tAfpeicri ftoig ZenAcii •AcAfceoiL poclocha Sen p. acr\4ic cin5 eacha Coemaice Ar»n\ocVi4.
cxxxii. , cxxxiii. "
24th ""
of St. Luman,34 Bishop and nephew to the great St. Patrick. At least,
son
such appears to be the inference and relationship, as drawn from the Latin context of that narrative. 35 " filiolus " be understood, as
"With the heap of Zenobius' (? ) host, whose stories were famed, Old- Patrick, champion
Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. clxxxvi. , p. 106, and nn. 177, 178, p. 116.
3* His feast occurs on the 17th of Febru- ary, where an account of him maybe found, in the Second Volume of this work, at that date, Art. iii.
— Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. i. , part i. , Irish Manuscript Series.
.
3S The words of Jocelyn are: "Quatuor
of battle, loveable tutor of our sage. " "
tamen codices de virtutibus et miraculis partim Latine partim Hibernice conscripti reperiuntur,quos diversistemporibus quatuor discipuli ejus, videlicet beatus Benignus suc- cessor illius, et sanctus Mel Episcopus, et sanctus Lumanus Pontifex nepos ejus, et sanctus Patricius filiolus ejus, qui post dis- sesum patrui sui Britanniam remeans in fata decessit, et in Glosconensi Ecclesia sepultus honorifice, conscripsisse referuntur. "
3<sSeeArchbishopUssher'sBritannicarum
On the Calendar of Oengus, p. exxv.
3* Thus to Sen pacnAic is the comment
of attempted identification, as rendered in
u
i. e. , in Glastonbury of the Gael in Saxon-land. Old-Patrick of Ros Dela in Mag Locha, sed uerius est that he may be in Glastonbury of the Gael in the south of Saxon-land. (ForIrishmenformerlyused
English:
However, may
meaning not the carnal but the spiritual or religiously adopted son of St. Luman. Wherefore, should we credit the local tradition, as handed down by Jocelyn, this Patrick must be considered as the one who went to Glastonbury, on the death of his uncle, the great St. Patrick. He was buried there, we are told, and his memory was likewise held in veneration. Moreover, that little son has been called Patrick Junior, and he is distinguished, both from the Irish Apostle and from Patrick Senior. 36 A Patrick Junior flourished, it is possible, as Abbot of Glastonbury ; and it is stated, about the year 850. 37 This calculation, however, should remove him far from the fifth or sixth century ; so that consequently, he could not have
been nephew to the Irish Apostle.
A very ancient tradition has been given in the Irish Hymn or Metrical
Life of St. Patrick, attributed to his disciple St. Fiech, Bishop of Slebthe, in which it is stated, that the Irish Apostle when he died went to another
8
take the commentator's explanation of this verse, that other Patrick alluded
Patrick, and that together they ascended to Jesus, the Son of Mary. 3 1
If we
Breac "copy, with the English transl—ation
Patricii episcopi doctoris Patricii. " See
:
ibid. , pp.
35 See Colgan's Trias Thaumaturga,"
to dwell there in pilgrimage. ) But, his Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p.
relics are in Old-Patrick's stone-tomb in Armagh. " Again, that Scholiast connects the sage with the period of Patrick of
464.
37 According to Archbishop Ussher. This,
writerquotes as an authority Ranulph of Ches-
Armagh,
lib. v. ,
Still we do not find the words there quoted
of whom our
saint was the in his " present ter,
loving tutor and contemporary. To this is added in Latin, "i. e. , in Britannia Sancti
cap. 4. in Gale's edition of the xv. Scriptores.
Feilire," that he must have
Polychronicon,"
ejus
August 24. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 353
to was sen or the senior Patrick, whose death was waited for by the Irish Apostle's spirit, from the seventeenth of the April Kalends to the end of the
following August. Wherefore, it should be inferred, that the Irish Apostle pre-deceasedthesenorseniorPatrick. ^ Aboutthelattermuchcontroversy has been raised. Marianus states, that he was of Ros-dela, in the country of Mag-lacha, and where he is thought to have been interred. There he is placed, also, by the Calendar of Cashel and by Fiech's Scholiast, in a par- ticular passage. They add, however, that it is nearer the truth to suppose he was not buried there, but at Glastonbury, a city in the southern territory of the Saxons. «° The place called Ros Daela is said to have been in West-
meath ; but, the exact spot has not been more particularly specified. Ros- 1
dela was in Ossory according to Colgan. * There he places also Mag-
2 43
lacha,* yet he has a Mag-lacha in Thomond. In this territory, we find a
which was the
of St. Senan of
4*
An old Catalogue of the Prelates,4* in the See of Armagh, names Sech- nall 46 as immediately succeeding the great founder, and reigning there for
8
six years,*? while Sen Patraic, a domestic of the Irish Apostle,* is repre-
sented as immediately succeeding him, and ruling there for ten years. This Sean Patraic is called the head of the wise Seniors of St. Patrick's household. 4 »
However, notwithstanding the order of succession, as given for the See of
Armagh, the Annals of the Four Master place the death of Old Patrick at a. d.
457, when that See was founded,50 and during the lifetime of Patrick, son
of Calphurn, son of Potaide, Archbishop, first Primate, and chief Apostle of
Ireland, whose death they record at a. d. 493,51 or thirty-six years later.
These are inconsistencies of date and statement resting most probably upon
falsehistoricalassumptions. Itispossible,nevertheless,thatthePatrickof
Ros-dela was the real Patrick of Glastonbury ; yet, it should not be safe to
advance such an opinion, with any degree of certainty, as we know so little
about his rank and position, or even of his period. In a lengthy note,
Colgan examines the statement of Fiech regarding the two Saints, named
Patrick, and who went together to heaven. He rejects the opinion of the
scholiast, that San Patrick could have been the one to whom allusion was
made 52 in the first place, because he is said to have pre-deceased the Irish ;
Index Topographicus.
44 See his Life, at the 8th of March, in
theThirdVolumeofthiswork,Art. i.
Mag-lacha,
birth-place
Inniscathy.
38 Thus runs the translation into Latin by
Colgan, of the Irish strophe:— '
r. j-<Ammm • t) . • • „
&, a
£Sl^^ Venit Patricium alterum
«Tb» ,o have been found in the appears
d
JLi simul ascenderunt
„
Psalter of Cashel.
Ad
—"Trias
Prima Vita S. Patricii Hibernise Apostoli. S. Fieco Episcopo Sleptensi Authore,
strophe 33, p. 3.
39 The Rev. Dr. Lanigan maintains, that
Sen Patrick is not to be distinguished from
"
46
\
the Irish Apostle. See
Jesum
filium Maris.
t ir
" Thaumaturga, Hymnus
seu
festival at the of November, occurs, 27th
where his Acts are to be found, in the Eleventh Volume of this work.
47 See Ussher's "Britannicarum Ecclesi-
arum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 454.
48 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. , ^'Archbishops
of Armagh," p. 34.
tory of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, vii. , sect, ii. , — 49 According to the Irish poem of Flann,
pp. 323 to 325.
40 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,
Prima Vita S. Patricii. Scholia Veteris
Scholiasts, n. 29ff. , p. 6. See, also, Notse in Scholiastem S. Fieci, n. 48. , p. 10.
41 See the Index Topographicus to "Trias Thaumaturga," p. 716.
. on the Household of St. Patrick, as solved in the Book of Lecan, fol. 44 b.
so See Dr. John O'Donovan's edition, vol. i. , pp. 142, 143 and n. (e).
*« See ibid. , pp. 154 to 159.
S2 See " Trias Thaumaturga," Hymnus seu Prima Vita S. Patricii Hibernia Apos-
Ecclesiastical His-
42
43 See "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniw," Notse Alise in Fiecum, n. 22, p. 7.
See ibid. , p. 715.
toli S. Fieco Episcopo Sleptensi Authore, Z
O^t"he«rTMwi»sec Secundinus, and called Pri- '
^f
mate of Armagh by some writers. His
pre-
354 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 24.
Apostle, and secondly, because a St. Patrick, Bishop of Nivemais, died on the 1 6th of March, and a St. Patrick, Bishop of Nola, had his festival on the 17th, the anniversary of the Irish Apostle's death. Either of the latter two, he supposes, might have been him spoken of as ascending with St. Patrick to
heaven. The only ancient authority we find for making the present holy man a bishop, as well as an abbot, is the Martyrology of Tallagh. The " Feilire " of ^Engus has no other distinction for him, than that he was tutor of the great St. Patrick. Nor do we find Ros-Dela noted in any of our ancient records, as the seat of a bishop. Nevertheless, under the head of Ros-dela, Duald MacFirbiss enters, Old Patrick, a bishop and an abbot of
Ros-dela, in Magh Lacha, at August the 24th. 53
Whosoever of the different Patricks venerated as saints in Ireland the
present may have been, it is supposed probable, and accordant with an ancient tradition, that he went from Ireland to Glastonbury, there to seek peace and rest. A cause for his removal has also been assigned. On account of the rebellious people he met with, that St. Patrick is said to have left Ireland,54 and to have sought the monastery of Glastonbury. There he died, on the feast of St. Bartholomew, the Apostle. 55 Wherefore, it has been supposed, that the festival of the second St. Patrick or the Minor had been held also on that same day. He was regarded as an Abbot but not as a Bishop, and to him we are told the Purgatory of St. Patrick should be ascribed. Moreover, the Abbey of Glastonbury is thought to have numbere—d
Sen-Patricks6—called St. " the tutor of our "
holy by ^Engus
apostle among its abbots. Another office he is said to have held, as being head of
the Irish Apostles' Seniors. 57 It is stated, besides, that this pious man resigned his charge at Glastonbury, and that he went to Ireland with his greatdisciple. Here,too,helabouredintheconversionofournation. Atthe closeofhislife,itis hereturnedtohis 8 The
thought monasteryat Glastonbury.
s Patrick, who was nephew to the great Irish Apostle, according to Jocelin,5^ after the death of his uncle, retired to Glastonbury, and was there buried.
In this point, he is followed by the Bollandists. They add a circumstance, however, directly opposite to what he states ; for they make this Patrick succeed his uncle in the See of Armagh and govern it for ten years. Now Jocelin only states, that after the uncle's death, he went straight to Britain, and remained there for the rest of his life.
To avoid the many difficulties that occurred on this subject, the Bolland- ists gave a new turn to the name Sen-Patrick? According to them, it does not mean Patrick, senior, or the Elder, but the son of Sannan, called Deacon Sannan. APatrickwhowasthesonofSannan,andcalledDeaconSannan,
53 See "Proceedings of the Royal Irish
Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. ,
part i. , pp. 126, 127.
54 •' See
late Fellow of Magdalen College, Cam-
bridge, vol. v. , lib. v. , cap. iv. , pp. 304 to
307.
55 This festival occurs, on the 24th of
August.
56 According to a gloss on the " Feilire "
of St. . /Engus, in the " Leabhar Breac," copy R. I. A.
57 This is expressed, and with eulogy, in an old Irish verse thus quoted and trans- lated by Archbishop Ussher :—
Sean p<yonaic pocta r-logAch, ceant) Afruncln fevtorvAch.
Senex Patricius mitis, comites aggregans, caput sapientum Seniorum ejus.
"
s8 See Rt. Rev. Patrick F. Moran's Irish
Saints in Great Britain," chap, ii. , pp. 23,
Polychronicon Ranulphi Higden Monachi Cestrensis," together with the Eng- lish Translations of John Trevisa and of an unknown writer of the Fifteenth Century. Edited by Rev. Joseph Rawson Lumby, B. D. , Fellow of St. Catherine's College, and
2
4-
59 See Colgan's Trias Thaumaturga,'
"
Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. clxxxvi. , p. 106. ^ See the " Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , Martii xvii. De S. Patricio, Episcopo, Apos-
tolo, et Primate Hibernise, pp. 517 to 592.
August 24. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 355
is said to have been a brother of the
made the same as San-Patrick; or Patrick, son of Sannan. In the first place,
according
Lanigan,
to Dr.
62 there were no
of St. Patrick in Ireland
apostle,
nephews
thinks, than that such name was a mere abbreviation of Patrick senior.
Treating of divers persons called Patrick,^ Colgan found himself greatly perplexed. Wishing to maintain the existence of a Patrick senior, in St. Patrick's the apostle's time, he says, that the former was first at Ros-dela, then Bishop of Armagh, and afterwards at Glastonbury. Moreover, he strives to find out another Patrick, who went to Glastonbury, but in the ninth century. It has been stated by Ranulph of Chester, that the minor or second Patrick was not a bishop, but an abbot. Probably, in consequence of the circumstances mentioned in the Polychronicon, the Glastonbury monks supposed he was the same as St. Patrick, the Irish Apostle. How- ever, the real St. Patrick, venerated by the Glastonbury monks, was that one mentioned by Ranulph, of Chester ; or, he was some other Patrick, perhaps
of the seventh or that died on the eighth century,
; secondly, all the Glastonbury stories and the passages of our writers concerning Sen Patrick relate to a Patrick the Elder. Nothing is more evident, he
24th day
According to Archbishop Ussher, that St. Patrick, who left Ireland for
died there on the viii. of the
However, we must look to a much earlier period for his decease, if we are to regard him as the Old Patrick, commemorated on this day in the " Feilire" of^Engus. WhoevertheSenPatraichadbeen,heappearstohavereceived honoursintheancientIrishCalendars,onthe24thofAugust. Thus,the Feilire of St. ^Engus, as also the Calendars of Cashel and of Marianus
66
Glastonbury,
O'Gorman, or his Scholiast,
September
affix to that day the death of Patrick senior.
Under the head of Glaistember,6? Duald MacFirbis enters this Patrick, as a
1
bury, in Wales,? but more properly it should be in Somersetshire, England.
Whilesomeofhisrelicsaresaidtohavebeenpreservedinthisplace; the
2
61 so that Sen-Patrick has thus been
at the 68 there is no ancient to
bishop, August 24th. However, authority support the statement, that he of Glastonbury had been a bishop ; since it cannot be maintained that he was identical wit—h the illustrious Apostle of Ireland. On the ix. of the September Kalends August 24th—and on the NataleoftheApostleSt. Bartholomew6? inJudea,theCalendarofDrummond? places the Natale of a St. Patrick, bishop and confessor in Britain. By the Calendar of Cashel, the senior Patrick is said to have been buried at Glaston-
remainder are thought to have been kept, at Armagh, in a shrine. ?
61 " 68 See Ussher's Britannicarum Ecclesi-
See "Proceedings of the Royal Irish
arum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 429.
62
See "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. . chap, vii. , sect, ii. , n. 21, pp. 330, 331.
63 See "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"
Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. ,
parti. , pp. 1 12, 113.
69 In the Celtic Calendar of Culross, his
name is written Parthaloin.
^Thus: ix. Kal. Sept. —"In Brittania
Februarii, xvii. De S. Patricio Ostiario, Natale—Sancti Patricii Episcopi et Confes- "
Forbes' Kalendars
p. 366. soris. " Bishop of
64
Dr. Lanigan. See "Ecclesiastical History of
Ireland," vol. i. , chap, vii. , sect, ii. , n. 20, PP« 329> 33°«
"
65 See
quitates," Index Chronologicus, a. d. dcccl. , p. 543.
66 See
According to the opinion of Rev. Scottish Saints," p. 22.
7I These words occur at 24th August:
Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Anti-
"Senior Patricius Ros-dela in regione de
Mag-lacha jacet : sed secundum ahquos, et verius quod Glastenberia apud Gallo-Hiber- nos, quae est civitas in Boreali Regione Sax- onum, -et Scoti earn inhabitant. " See
Colgan's
" Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
's "Trias Prima Vita Thaumaturga,"
niae," Februarii xvii. DeS. Patricio Ostiario,
Colgan
S. Patricii, n. 48, p. 10.
72 See Right Rev. Patrick F. Moran's Glastonbury in England. See William "Irish Saints in Great Britain," chap, ii. ,
nn. 6, 7, p. 366.
67
M. Henassey's note. , p. 24.
of 6* August.
Kalends, a. d. 6s 85o.
356 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 24.
Surrounded as the foregoing questions are with uncertainties and doubts, we have thus endeavoured to place those statements regarding the present venerable man, in that order which we deem most likely to awaken further interest and curiosity among historic investigators, because our own researches haveneitherbeensatisfactorynorconclusivetoourselves. Bothhisidentity and period have still to be reliably established ; but, it appears to us, the attempt can hardly result in a successful issue. As in so many other cases, where we are obliged to deal with brief records of holy men, and with the obscurities of their personal history ; nevertheless, such subjects for en- lightened investigation had a real existence, and also a character for holiness, in their time, which cannot be disturbed or invalidated by any future enquiries.
Article II. —St. Patrick, surnamed Ostiarius. [Probably in the Ninth Century. '] As in the former case, much difficulty is experienced in the
endeavour to
and
the
rather a confused account of this
of this saint. -
*
distinguish
period
locality
Colgan
at the
day, and also that of August the 24th, were specially dedicated to his memory.
From the title given to him, we should be inclined to believe, that he had not attained to Major ecclesiastical Orders, and that he only held the rank and exercised the office of Door-keeper in the Church at Trim. His history is not well known, from the casual allusions to him that we have as yet procured. In the Martyrology of Tallagh, contained in the Book of Leinster, a St. Patrick, styled Ostiarius, and also Abbot of Armagh, is re- corded at the 24th of August. 3 This holy man is supposed to have been born about the beginning of the ninth century. An interpolator of the chronicle written by William of Malmesbury relates, that he discharged epis- copal duties, about the year of our Lord 850. 4 By Colgan, he is distinguished from St. Patrick, the Apostle of Ireland, from Sen Patrick, and from Patrick junior. It is stated by Stanihurst, that the present holy man left a book of Homilies ; but, for this there is no certain evidence, as the book is not ex- tant. 5 Our great Irish hagiographer supposes our saint to have been iden- tical with Maelpadraig or Patricianus,6 son of Finncha, who was bishop, scribe, anchoret and intended Abbot of Armagh ; and who died, a. d. 861, according to the Annals of the Four Masters. 7 However, this conjectural identification is by no means certain. According to Ranulph Higden, the Monk of Chester, a second or minor Patrick, distinct from the great Irish Apostle, and an abbot but not a bishop, flourished at Glastonbury about the middle of the ninth century, and having been engaged on the Irish mission,
he died there on the of 8 To this the of what has 24th August. saint, origin
beencalledSt. Patrick'sPurgatoryisattributed,bycertainwriters. 9 However, we have already seen, some accounts will have it, that St. Patrick, the Apostle of Ireland, was the first to have visited Lough Derg, County of Donegal, in the
gives
saint,
17th
of
February ;
'
Article II. — See Colgan's "Acta Sane-
torum Hibernise," xvii. Februarii. De S. Patricio Qetiario, p. 366.
2
and Distinguished Irishmen," vol. i. , part i. , p. 224.
6
See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- At that date, likewise, the reader may niae," xvii. Februarii, n. II, p. 366.
find a brief allusion to him, in the Second ? See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
Volume of this work, Art. v. Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 496, 497. 38"
Theentry thus runs : pAC]\icii hofdArxH Ajjur Ab -Atvoma.
4 Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," xviii. Februarii. De S. Patricio Ostiario, n.
12, p.
niae Apostoli S- Fieco Episcopo Sleptensi
Authore, p. 3, and Scholia Veteris Scholi-
Quinta Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 266.
3I Thus is it entered in the "Leabhar
astse,
n. 6, ibid. 29^ p.
Scriptores. "
352 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 24.
Patrick, as to the period when he lived, or perhaps because he attained to an extraordinary age. The feast of Old Patrick is commemorated in the
of To this notice, the August.
Scholiast in the Leabhar Breac copy has attached comments, in Irish and Latin. 33 From the date of his festival, it seems to be established, that in the eighth or ninth century, in the Irish Church, Old Patrick was distinguished from the great Apostle of Ireland, in ecclesiastical traditions.
"
Moreover, we may infer from the record in the
lived, at latest in the eighth, if not in some previous century.
As an early writer of the Acts and Miracles of the illustrious Apostle of Ireland, Jocelyn alludes to a St. Patricks who is called the Filiolus or " little
"
"Feilire" of St. 1 at the MngasJ
furnished by Whitley Stokes, LL. D.
tAfpeicri ftoig ZenAcii •AcAfceoiL poclocha Sen p. acr\4ic cin5 eacha Coemaice Ar»n\ocVi4.
cxxxii. , cxxxiii. "
24th ""
of St. Luman,34 Bishop and nephew to the great St. Patrick. At least,
son
such appears to be the inference and relationship, as drawn from the Latin context of that narrative. 35 " filiolus " be understood, as
"With the heap of Zenobius' (? ) host, whose stories were famed, Old- Patrick, champion
Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. clxxxvi. , p. 106, and nn. 177, 178, p. 116.
3* His feast occurs on the 17th of Febru- ary, where an account of him maybe found, in the Second Volume of this work, at that date, Art. iii.
— Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. i. , part i. , Irish Manuscript Series.
.
3S The words of Jocelyn are: "Quatuor
of battle, loveable tutor of our sage. " "
tamen codices de virtutibus et miraculis partim Latine partim Hibernice conscripti reperiuntur,quos diversistemporibus quatuor discipuli ejus, videlicet beatus Benignus suc- cessor illius, et sanctus Mel Episcopus, et sanctus Lumanus Pontifex nepos ejus, et sanctus Patricius filiolus ejus, qui post dis- sesum patrui sui Britanniam remeans in fata decessit, et in Glosconensi Ecclesia sepultus honorifice, conscripsisse referuntur. "
3<sSeeArchbishopUssher'sBritannicarum
On the Calendar of Oengus, p. exxv.
3* Thus to Sen pacnAic is the comment
of attempted identification, as rendered in
u
i. e. , in Glastonbury of the Gael in Saxon-land. Old-Patrick of Ros Dela in Mag Locha, sed uerius est that he may be in Glastonbury of the Gael in the south of Saxon-land. (ForIrishmenformerlyused
English:
However, may
meaning not the carnal but the spiritual or religiously adopted son of St. Luman. Wherefore, should we credit the local tradition, as handed down by Jocelyn, this Patrick must be considered as the one who went to Glastonbury, on the death of his uncle, the great St. Patrick. He was buried there, we are told, and his memory was likewise held in veneration. Moreover, that little son has been called Patrick Junior, and he is distinguished, both from the Irish Apostle and from Patrick Senior. 36 A Patrick Junior flourished, it is possible, as Abbot of Glastonbury ; and it is stated, about the year 850. 37 This calculation, however, should remove him far from the fifth or sixth century ; so that consequently, he could not have
been nephew to the Irish Apostle.
A very ancient tradition has been given in the Irish Hymn or Metrical
Life of St. Patrick, attributed to his disciple St. Fiech, Bishop of Slebthe, in which it is stated, that the Irish Apostle when he died went to another
8
take the commentator's explanation of this verse, that other Patrick alluded
Patrick, and that together they ascended to Jesus, the Son of Mary. 3 1
If we
Breac "copy, with the English transl—ation
Patricii episcopi doctoris Patricii. " See
:
ibid. , pp.
35 See Colgan's Trias Thaumaturga,"
to dwell there in pilgrimage. ) But, his Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p.
relics are in Old-Patrick's stone-tomb in Armagh. " Again, that Scholiast connects the sage with the period of Patrick of
464.
37 According to Archbishop Ussher. This,
writerquotes as an authority Ranulph of Ches-
Armagh,
lib. v. ,
Still we do not find the words there quoted
of whom our
saint was the in his " present ter,
loving tutor and contemporary. To this is added in Latin, "i. e. , in Britannia Sancti
cap. 4. in Gale's edition of the xv. Scriptores.
Feilire," that he must have
Polychronicon,"
ejus
August 24. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 353
to was sen or the senior Patrick, whose death was waited for by the Irish Apostle's spirit, from the seventeenth of the April Kalends to the end of the
following August. Wherefore, it should be inferred, that the Irish Apostle pre-deceasedthesenorseniorPatrick. ^ Aboutthelattermuchcontroversy has been raised. Marianus states, that he was of Ros-dela, in the country of Mag-lacha, and where he is thought to have been interred. There he is placed, also, by the Calendar of Cashel and by Fiech's Scholiast, in a par- ticular passage. They add, however, that it is nearer the truth to suppose he was not buried there, but at Glastonbury, a city in the southern territory of the Saxons. «° The place called Ros Daela is said to have been in West-
meath ; but, the exact spot has not been more particularly specified. Ros- 1
dela was in Ossory according to Colgan. * There he places also Mag-
2 43
lacha,* yet he has a Mag-lacha in Thomond. In this territory, we find a
which was the
of St. Senan of
4*
An old Catalogue of the Prelates,4* in the See of Armagh, names Sech- nall 46 as immediately succeeding the great founder, and reigning there for
8
six years,*? while Sen Patraic, a domestic of the Irish Apostle,* is repre-
sented as immediately succeeding him, and ruling there for ten years. This Sean Patraic is called the head of the wise Seniors of St. Patrick's household. 4 »
However, notwithstanding the order of succession, as given for the See of
Armagh, the Annals of the Four Master place the death of Old Patrick at a. d.
457, when that See was founded,50 and during the lifetime of Patrick, son
of Calphurn, son of Potaide, Archbishop, first Primate, and chief Apostle of
Ireland, whose death they record at a. d. 493,51 or thirty-six years later.
These are inconsistencies of date and statement resting most probably upon
falsehistoricalassumptions. Itispossible,nevertheless,thatthePatrickof
Ros-dela was the real Patrick of Glastonbury ; yet, it should not be safe to
advance such an opinion, with any degree of certainty, as we know so little
about his rank and position, or even of his period. In a lengthy note,
Colgan examines the statement of Fiech regarding the two Saints, named
Patrick, and who went together to heaven. He rejects the opinion of the
scholiast, that San Patrick could have been the one to whom allusion was
made 52 in the first place, because he is said to have pre-deceased the Irish ;
Index Topographicus.
44 See his Life, at the 8th of March, in
theThirdVolumeofthiswork,Art. i.
Mag-lacha,
birth-place
Inniscathy.
38 Thus runs the translation into Latin by
Colgan, of the Irish strophe:— '
r. j-<Ammm • t) . • • „
&, a
£Sl^^ Venit Patricium alterum
«Tb» ,o have been found in the appears
d
JLi simul ascenderunt
„
Psalter of Cashel.
Ad
—"Trias
Prima Vita S. Patricii Hibernise Apostoli. S. Fieco Episcopo Sleptensi Authore,
strophe 33, p. 3.
39 The Rev. Dr. Lanigan maintains, that
Sen Patrick is not to be distinguished from
"
46
\
the Irish Apostle. See
Jesum
filium Maris.
t ir
" Thaumaturga, Hymnus
seu
festival at the of November, occurs, 27th
where his Acts are to be found, in the Eleventh Volume of this work.
47 See Ussher's "Britannicarum Ecclesi-
arum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 454.
48 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. , ^'Archbishops
of Armagh," p. 34.
tory of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, vii. , sect, ii. , — 49 According to the Irish poem of Flann,
pp. 323 to 325.
40 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,
Prima Vita S. Patricii. Scholia Veteris
Scholiasts, n. 29ff. , p. 6. See, also, Notse in Scholiastem S. Fieci, n. 48. , p. 10.
41 See the Index Topographicus to "Trias Thaumaturga," p. 716.
. on the Household of St. Patrick, as solved in the Book of Lecan, fol. 44 b.
so See Dr. John O'Donovan's edition, vol. i. , pp. 142, 143 and n. (e).
*« See ibid. , pp. 154 to 159.
S2 See " Trias Thaumaturga," Hymnus seu Prima Vita S. Patricii Hibernia Apos-
Ecclesiastical His-
42
43 See "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniw," Notse Alise in Fiecum, n. 22, p. 7.
See ibid. , p. 715.
toli S. Fieco Episcopo Sleptensi Authore, Z
O^t"he«rTMwi»sec Secundinus, and called Pri- '
^f
mate of Armagh by some writers. His
pre-
354 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 24.
Apostle, and secondly, because a St. Patrick, Bishop of Nivemais, died on the 1 6th of March, and a St. Patrick, Bishop of Nola, had his festival on the 17th, the anniversary of the Irish Apostle's death. Either of the latter two, he supposes, might have been him spoken of as ascending with St. Patrick to
heaven. The only ancient authority we find for making the present holy man a bishop, as well as an abbot, is the Martyrology of Tallagh. The " Feilire " of ^Engus has no other distinction for him, than that he was tutor of the great St. Patrick. Nor do we find Ros-Dela noted in any of our ancient records, as the seat of a bishop. Nevertheless, under the head of Ros-dela, Duald MacFirbiss enters, Old Patrick, a bishop and an abbot of
Ros-dela, in Magh Lacha, at August the 24th. 53
Whosoever of the different Patricks venerated as saints in Ireland the
present may have been, it is supposed probable, and accordant with an ancient tradition, that he went from Ireland to Glastonbury, there to seek peace and rest. A cause for his removal has also been assigned. On account of the rebellious people he met with, that St. Patrick is said to have left Ireland,54 and to have sought the monastery of Glastonbury. There he died, on the feast of St. Bartholomew, the Apostle. 55 Wherefore, it has been supposed, that the festival of the second St. Patrick or the Minor had been held also on that same day. He was regarded as an Abbot but not as a Bishop, and to him we are told the Purgatory of St. Patrick should be ascribed. Moreover, the Abbey of Glastonbury is thought to have numbere—d
Sen-Patricks6—called St. " the tutor of our "
holy by ^Engus
apostle among its abbots. Another office he is said to have held, as being head of
the Irish Apostles' Seniors. 57 It is stated, besides, that this pious man resigned his charge at Glastonbury, and that he went to Ireland with his greatdisciple. Here,too,helabouredintheconversionofournation. Atthe closeofhislife,itis hereturnedtohis 8 The
thought monasteryat Glastonbury.
s Patrick, who was nephew to the great Irish Apostle, according to Jocelin,5^ after the death of his uncle, retired to Glastonbury, and was there buried.
In this point, he is followed by the Bollandists. They add a circumstance, however, directly opposite to what he states ; for they make this Patrick succeed his uncle in the See of Armagh and govern it for ten years. Now Jocelin only states, that after the uncle's death, he went straight to Britain, and remained there for the rest of his life.
To avoid the many difficulties that occurred on this subject, the Bolland- ists gave a new turn to the name Sen-Patrick? According to them, it does not mean Patrick, senior, or the Elder, but the son of Sannan, called Deacon Sannan. APatrickwhowasthesonofSannan,andcalledDeaconSannan,
53 See "Proceedings of the Royal Irish
Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. ,
part i. , pp. 126, 127.
54 •' See
late Fellow of Magdalen College, Cam-
bridge, vol. v. , lib. v. , cap. iv. , pp. 304 to
307.
55 This festival occurs, on the 24th of
August.
56 According to a gloss on the " Feilire "
of St. . /Engus, in the " Leabhar Breac," copy R. I. A.
57 This is expressed, and with eulogy, in an old Irish verse thus quoted and trans- lated by Archbishop Ussher :—
Sean p<yonaic pocta r-logAch, ceant) Afruncln fevtorvAch.
Senex Patricius mitis, comites aggregans, caput sapientum Seniorum ejus.
"
s8 See Rt. Rev. Patrick F. Moran's Irish
Saints in Great Britain," chap, ii. , pp. 23,
Polychronicon Ranulphi Higden Monachi Cestrensis," together with the Eng- lish Translations of John Trevisa and of an unknown writer of the Fifteenth Century. Edited by Rev. Joseph Rawson Lumby, B. D. , Fellow of St. Catherine's College, and
2
4-
59 See Colgan's Trias Thaumaturga,'
"
Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. clxxxvi. , p. 106. ^ See the " Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , Martii xvii. De S. Patricio, Episcopo, Apos-
tolo, et Primate Hibernise, pp. 517 to 592.
August 24. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 355
is said to have been a brother of the
made the same as San-Patrick; or Patrick, son of Sannan. In the first place,
according
Lanigan,
to Dr.
62 there were no
of St. Patrick in Ireland
apostle,
nephews
thinks, than that such name was a mere abbreviation of Patrick senior.
Treating of divers persons called Patrick,^ Colgan found himself greatly perplexed. Wishing to maintain the existence of a Patrick senior, in St. Patrick's the apostle's time, he says, that the former was first at Ros-dela, then Bishop of Armagh, and afterwards at Glastonbury. Moreover, he strives to find out another Patrick, who went to Glastonbury, but in the ninth century. It has been stated by Ranulph of Chester, that the minor or second Patrick was not a bishop, but an abbot. Probably, in consequence of the circumstances mentioned in the Polychronicon, the Glastonbury monks supposed he was the same as St. Patrick, the Irish Apostle. How- ever, the real St. Patrick, venerated by the Glastonbury monks, was that one mentioned by Ranulph, of Chester ; or, he was some other Patrick, perhaps
of the seventh or that died on the eighth century,
; secondly, all the Glastonbury stories and the passages of our writers concerning Sen Patrick relate to a Patrick the Elder. Nothing is more evident, he
24th day
According to Archbishop Ussher, that St. Patrick, who left Ireland for
died there on the viii. of the
However, we must look to a much earlier period for his decease, if we are to regard him as the Old Patrick, commemorated on this day in the " Feilire" of^Engus. WhoevertheSenPatraichadbeen,heappearstohavereceived honoursintheancientIrishCalendars,onthe24thofAugust. Thus,the Feilire of St. ^Engus, as also the Calendars of Cashel and of Marianus
66
Glastonbury,
O'Gorman, or his Scholiast,
September
affix to that day the death of Patrick senior.
Under the head of Glaistember,6? Duald MacFirbis enters this Patrick, as a
1
bury, in Wales,? but more properly it should be in Somersetshire, England.
Whilesomeofhisrelicsaresaidtohavebeenpreservedinthisplace; the
2
61 so that Sen-Patrick has thus been
at the 68 there is no ancient to
bishop, August 24th. However, authority support the statement, that he of Glastonbury had been a bishop ; since it cannot be maintained that he was identical wit—h the illustrious Apostle of Ireland. On the ix. of the September Kalends August 24th—and on the NataleoftheApostleSt. Bartholomew6? inJudea,theCalendarofDrummond? places the Natale of a St. Patrick, bishop and confessor in Britain. By the Calendar of Cashel, the senior Patrick is said to have been buried at Glaston-
remainder are thought to have been kept, at Armagh, in a shrine. ?
61 " 68 See Ussher's Britannicarum Ecclesi-
See "Proceedings of the Royal Irish
arum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 429.
62
See "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. . chap, vii. , sect, ii. , n. 21, pp. 330, 331.
63 See "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"
Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. ,
parti. , pp. 1 12, 113.
69 In the Celtic Calendar of Culross, his
name is written Parthaloin.
^Thus: ix. Kal. Sept. —"In Brittania
Februarii, xvii. De S. Patricio Ostiario, Natale—Sancti Patricii Episcopi et Confes- "
Forbes' Kalendars
p. 366. soris. " Bishop of
64
Dr. Lanigan. See "Ecclesiastical History of
Ireland," vol. i. , chap, vii. , sect, ii. , n. 20, PP« 329> 33°«
"
65 See
quitates," Index Chronologicus, a. d. dcccl. , p. 543.
66 See
According to the opinion of Rev. Scottish Saints," p. 22.
7I These words occur at 24th August:
Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Anti-
"Senior Patricius Ros-dela in regione de
Mag-lacha jacet : sed secundum ahquos, et verius quod Glastenberia apud Gallo-Hiber- nos, quae est civitas in Boreali Regione Sax- onum, -et Scoti earn inhabitant. " See
Colgan's
" Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
's "Trias Prima Vita Thaumaturga,"
niae," Februarii xvii. DeS. Patricio Ostiario,
Colgan
S. Patricii, n. 48, p. 10.
72 See Right Rev. Patrick F. Moran's Glastonbury in England. See William "Irish Saints in Great Britain," chap, ii. ,
nn. 6, 7, p. 366.
67
M. Henassey's note. , p. 24.
of 6* August.
Kalends, a. d. 6s 85o.
356 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 24.
Surrounded as the foregoing questions are with uncertainties and doubts, we have thus endeavoured to place those statements regarding the present venerable man, in that order which we deem most likely to awaken further interest and curiosity among historic investigators, because our own researches haveneitherbeensatisfactorynorconclusivetoourselves. Bothhisidentity and period have still to be reliably established ; but, it appears to us, the attempt can hardly result in a successful issue. As in so many other cases, where we are obliged to deal with brief records of holy men, and with the obscurities of their personal history ; nevertheless, such subjects for en- lightened investigation had a real existence, and also a character for holiness, in their time, which cannot be disturbed or invalidated by any future enquiries.
Article II. —St. Patrick, surnamed Ostiarius. [Probably in the Ninth Century. '] As in the former case, much difficulty is experienced in the
endeavour to
and
the
rather a confused account of this
of this saint. -
*
distinguish
period
locality
Colgan
at the
day, and also that of August the 24th, were specially dedicated to his memory.
From the title given to him, we should be inclined to believe, that he had not attained to Major ecclesiastical Orders, and that he only held the rank and exercised the office of Door-keeper in the Church at Trim. His history is not well known, from the casual allusions to him that we have as yet procured. In the Martyrology of Tallagh, contained in the Book of Leinster, a St. Patrick, styled Ostiarius, and also Abbot of Armagh, is re- corded at the 24th of August. 3 This holy man is supposed to have been born about the beginning of the ninth century. An interpolator of the chronicle written by William of Malmesbury relates, that he discharged epis- copal duties, about the year of our Lord 850. 4 By Colgan, he is distinguished from St. Patrick, the Apostle of Ireland, from Sen Patrick, and from Patrick junior. It is stated by Stanihurst, that the present holy man left a book of Homilies ; but, for this there is no certain evidence, as the book is not ex- tant. 5 Our great Irish hagiographer supposes our saint to have been iden- tical with Maelpadraig or Patricianus,6 son of Finncha, who was bishop, scribe, anchoret and intended Abbot of Armagh ; and who died, a. d. 861, according to the Annals of the Four Masters. 7 However, this conjectural identification is by no means certain. According to Ranulph Higden, the Monk of Chester, a second or minor Patrick, distinct from the great Irish Apostle, and an abbot but not a bishop, flourished at Glastonbury about the middle of the ninth century, and having been engaged on the Irish mission,
he died there on the of 8 To this the of what has 24th August. saint, origin
beencalledSt. Patrick'sPurgatoryisattributed,bycertainwriters. 9 However, we have already seen, some accounts will have it, that St. Patrick, the Apostle of Ireland, was the first to have visited Lough Derg, County of Donegal, in the
gives
saint,
17th
of
February ;
'
Article II. — See Colgan's "Acta Sane-
torum Hibernise," xvii. Februarii. De S. Patricio Qetiario, p. 366.
2
and Distinguished Irishmen," vol. i. , part i. , p. 224.
6
See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- At that date, likewise, the reader may niae," xvii. Februarii, n. II, p. 366.
find a brief allusion to him, in the Second ? See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
Volume of this work, Art. v. Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 496, 497. 38"
Theentry thus runs : pAC]\icii hofdArxH Ajjur Ab -Atvoma.
4 Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," xviii. Februarii. De S. Patricio Ostiario, n.
12, p.
