Keith Kavenagh,
Foundations
o f Colonial America,
at a salt spring, but the taste or longing for the water stays with it; this leads the stag to commit 1yu- 2 vu ("suicide"), as does the young girl [ibid.
at a salt spring, but the taste or longing for the water stays with it; this leads the stag to commit 1yu- 2 vu ("suicide"), as does the young girl [ibid.
A-Companion-to-the-Cantos-of-Ezra-Pound-II
.
.
and published in writeing under their Cornon Seale, shall care-
nes whereof, wee have caused these our Let- ters to bee made Patent: Witnes our Selfe, att Westminster, the three and Twentieth day of Aprill. . . By Writ! of Privy Seale. [Signed] Howard" [ibid. , 118].
39. Wing . . . Azaleas: The 4 lines pick up the flora and fauna of the Na-khi, looking to the opening of Canto 110.
40. Monro: A foreign correspondent for Beaverbrook's Evening Standard stationed in Rome in the mid and late 30s. Pound ap- pears to believe that Edward VIII, who ac- ceded to the throne in 1936, was forced to abdicate by Baldwin not because of his mar- riage to Wallis Simpson but because he wouldn't have Signed the papers of mobiliza- tion. Said Pound: "And that Eddie may have felt it was comin,' at any rate he hadn't the backbone to stick it [out]. And the traitors were afraid that he might balk at the last moment and refuse to sign on the dotted line, for mobilization" [EP, Speaking, 172- 173]. Pound was still convinced at St. Eliza- beths. Says Mullins: "There was one last-
minute obstacle-'Eddie' refused to sign. . . . He had been through the veterans' hospitals just after the First World War, and . . . could not bring himself to send men into that kind of hell again" [EM, Difficult, 195] .
41. Jury trial: [87:40].
49. Phyllotaxis: The arrangement of leaves around the stern of a plant or a tree is designed in such a way that the maximum amount of sunlight and energy is absorbed. To Pound this design is one more evidence of a divinity shaping all things in process. Also, the circular pattern of the stems around the main stern is one of the struc- tural models for the poem [DG, Pai, 4-2 & 3, 299; 104:87].
in the stone," in contrast to the "internal horrors (mosaic)" of st. Peter's [93/623].
57. Sta Maria: Prob. the oldest church in Rome, supposedly consecrated in 222. A facade was added in the 12th century. The mosaics on the facade, dating from the 13th century, are only excelled by those within.
58. Trastevere: I, "Across the Tiber" [74:24]. The most colorful district of
Rome, a sort of Soho or Left Bank scene.
59. Cosmedin: The- name of a square in Constantinople. The church, Sta. Maria in Cosmedin, originally belonged to a Greek brotherhood which gave it this name.
60. Le chapeau . . . St Pierre: F, "The melon hat of St. Peter. " Description of the dome of St. Peter's, which was built when the age of usury was far advanced and is thus not great architecture and design, as are the other churches built before usury had an effect.
61. piccioletta: I, "little boat" [Par. II, I; 7:38; 93:155].
fully and duely bee 116].
observed
. . . "
[ibid. ,
: "And to
32. Ship
son . . . full power . . . to take, Ship, Trans- port and Carry away, for and towards the Planta,on . . . such of our loveing sub-
. . .
35. Narrowgancett . , . : "And by theis presents . . . Doe give . . . unto the said GOY- ernor and Company . . . All that parte of our Dominions in Newe England . . . bounded on the East by Norrogancett. . . and on the South by the Sea . . . " [ibid. ].
. . . . . .
37. 23rd April: [ef. 28 above].
38. HOWARD: The charter, ends: "In wit-
56. San Domenico, Santa Sabina: [93:16, 17]. Ancient Roman churches about which Pound said earlier: "Where the spirit is clear
34. hinder
shall not in any manner hinder any of our loveing Subjects whatsoever to use and exer- cise the Trade of Fishinge. . . . And to build . . . such . . . workehouses as shall bee necessary for the Salting, drying and keep- eing of their Fish . . . " [ibid. , 117].
fishinge
: "These
presents
36. Mynes
firme lands
Stones, Quarries,. . . To have and to hold . . . as of our MannaI of East Greene- wich, in Free and Comon Soccage, and not in Capite . . . and Payinge therefore, to us, our heires and Successors, one1y the Fifth parte of all the Oare of Gold and Silver . . . to bee to us . . . paid" [ibid. , 117-118].
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
cles
later we have the thematic declaration: "SPLENDOUR, IT ALL COHERES"
[100/714].
Silver: "Together Mynes, Mynerals,
with all Precious
every such Per-
reparando: [108:94].
Stat de 31 Eliz: [Cf. 2 above; 108:95].
AngJiae amor: [108:75].
false stone . . . : [108/768].
auxy sort . . . : [108:68].
Taormina: [91:98].
Drafts and Fragments
Sources
Ernest Fenollosa, Epochs of Chinese and Japanese Art, 2 vols. , 1912; rpt. N. Y. , 1963 [EF, Epochs]; Dante, In/. V, 75; Joseph Rock, "The 2Muanj bpo Ceremony, or the Sacrzfice to HeClVen as Practiced by the Na-khi," Monumenta Serica, Vol. XIII, 1948 [Rock, "Ceremony"]; Joseph Rock, "The Romance ofK'a-2md- 19yu 2mi-gkyi, A Na-khi Tribal Love Story," Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient, XXXIX (1939), 1-152 [Rock, "Ro- mance"]; Dante, In/. XVII; Raphael Pumpelly, Across America
and Asia (1869) and My Reminiscences, 2 vols. , N. Y. , 1918.
Background
EP, SR, 214-215; CNTJ, 131-121; CON, 232; M de R, Discre-
tions, Little Brown, Boston, 1971; John Humphrey Noyes, II, A
SelIoi: [87:83]. In the Trachiniae Hera- says: "The dead beast kills the living me / and that fits another odd forecast / breathed out at the Selloi's oak- / those fellows rough it . . . " [WT, 49]. Ten lines
50. Ino . . . Kadmus. "
Kadmeia:
G, "Ina,
daughter
of
51. Erigena: [36:9; 74:90] 52. Anselm: [105:16]. 53. Herbert: [100:133].
54. Remusat:
[100: I 10].
55. KCI""(<>OTP"'YClAO'=
ankles" [110/780].
H,
"beautiful
? 714
110/777
110/777-779
715
History ofAmerican Socialism, Philadelphia, 1870 [Noyes, So- cialism] ; W.
Keith Kavenagh, Foundations o f Colonial America,
at a salt spring, but the taste or longing for the water stays with it; this leads the stag to commit 1yu- 2 vu ("suicide"), as does the young girl [ibid. , 47-48] .
14. gentian sprout: The gentian is called the last bloom of summer and flowers when the shepherds are bringing their herds down from the high meadows [ibid:, 50-51].
15. coral . . . oak: When K'a's lover sees her corpse, he says, among other things: "If I gave you turquoise and coral eyes, will you again be able to see? If I attach the roots of the pine and the oak, will you be able to walk" [ibid. , 89] .
16. Yellow iris: Peck says: "As Rock notes, the pictograph for "2k'a" . . . shows spring water flowing down a valley or gulch. Earlier in the text. . . the spring pictograph is a compound of 'water' and 1ba or 'flower'- the picture of which resembles an iris" [Peck, Agenda, 56].
moon",
must have asked his grandfather" [HK, Pai, 8-1,51-52].
18. Quercus: "Oak" in Na-khi. The tree on which 2K'a hangs herself.
19. Mt Sumeru: The holy mountain where the suicide of 2K'a took place. Says Peck: "Mt. Sumeru rests at the earth's navel, and in Hindu cosmology is the heaven of Indra, terracing the cities of the gods up toward nothingness. . . . Its tree drips honey which, like Yggdrassil's, gives rise to a river" [Peck, Agenda, 55].
20. juniper: In the "Sacrifice to Heaven" rites, one prays first to Heaven, Earth, and the Juniper. Three small trees are erected on a platform where the sacrifice is made: "an oak, representing Heaven, a juniper, repre- senting lK'aw, the emperor, and another
oak . . . on the left, representing earth or 2Ndaw" [Rock, "Ceremony," 13].
21. The purifications . . . : One of the "Sacrifices to Heaven" is called 3Ch'ou 3Shu, or "Impurities Smoke Out. " By differ- ent acts, houses and the landscape are puri- fied: "the former, a high mountain, was pu- rified by the snow, the latter, a lower moun- tain, was purified by the rain" [Rock, "Cere- mony," 23]. Different people went to do different ceremonial things: "the former went to a large Juniper, and the latter to a large oak and they purified themselves. . . . The former went into a ravine . . . the latter was purified by the dew" [ibid, 23-24] . Of another ceremony we read, "The three trees . . . are then placed in position on the altar . . . the tree of Heaven on the right, the Juniper in the center and the tree represen- ting Earth on the left. . . underneath
Chelsea House,
N. Y . ,
1973 [WK, Colonial].
Exegeses
Peck, Agenda, vol. 9, nos. 2-3, 26-69; Jamila Ismail, ibid. , 70-87; CFT, Pai, 3-1, 91-123; EH, Ezra Pound Letzte Texte, Zurich, 1969 [EH, Letzte]; Schmidt, Pai, 8-1, 55; JW, Later, 167-198; MB, Trace, 461-480.
ex Glossary
I. Thy quiet house: The basilica of Torcello in the Venetian Lagoon, which has a mosaic Madonna "over the portal" [cf. 47 below; 116/795].
2. crozier's curve: The crook in the staff carried before a Roman Catholic bishop.
3. harl: [herle]: ME, "fibers and filaments. " Here prob. in a tuft, as in the crest of a bird
[51/251].
4. Verkehr: G, "commerce. " An endorse- ment of what others have called "The free enterprise system. "
5. caracole: In riding, a horseman's ceremo- nial half-turn to the left or right.
6. panache: F, "crest," or "plume of a helmet. "
7. Toba Sojo: A Buddhist priest, 1052- 1140, originally named Kakuyu. He became chief of the Enryaku-ji-temple of the Tendai sect and later returned to Toba, after which he got the name Toba Soja. The pictures he painted were called, after him, Toba-e, and this designation later came to include the whole genre of caricature [EF, Epochs, 174- 175].
8. che . . . vent': I, "who appear so on the wind. " Adapted from Dante [In! V, 75], where he speaks to the lovers Paolo and Francesca, "who seem so light on the wind. " A lead-in to the Na-khi ceremony.
9. 2Har-2la-' llii 3k'o: The collective name for the 13 ceremonies performed by the Na-khi to expiate the spirits of suicides. When these ceremonies are not carried out, the spirits of suicides remain headless de- mons, or wind? demons, which draw hail and contagious diseases with them. When a per- son dies, it is of utmost importance that a relative see his last breath. Otherwise, a fowl must be strangled, whose last breath then stands for that of the suicide [Rock, "Cere- mony," 1-156].
which . . . 2bbue (Artemisia) been laid [ibid. , 30].
twigs . . . had
10. nine . . . seven: "A
fates, . . , a girl has seven. " The lines and most of the Na-khi lines in this canto are based on the Romance of 2K'a-2ma'j gyu- 3 mi- 2gkyi, which was used in the "Wind Sway" ceremonies [Rock, Romance, 20n. ] .
II. the black tree . . . : As 2K'a-2ma (the young girl who is going to commit suicide with her lover rather than accept a forced marriage to someone else) approached her hanging tree, "the black crown of the tree waved, [her] heart was faint, the black tree was born dumb" [ibid. , 42].
12. blue . . . turquoise: Before coming to the tree, the young girl thought of throwing herself into the lake, which is "a deep blue"-like her eyes, except they are "tur- quoise" [ibid. , 41].
13. the stag: In the romance, a stag drinks
man has
nine
17. Ideograms:
[M4534], "bright(ness)"; [M4557], "not"; [M2702], "former"; [M5054], "friend. " Pound's grandson Walter glosses the passage thus: "The brightness of the mOon . . . there are no former friends. " MdeR says that "he
22. Artemis: Or Diana. Rhyme with Artemisia.
23. Kuanon: [74:81].
. . .
[M7696] ,
24. Cozzaglio
neers who built a road called the "Garde- sana. " Says EH: "The Occidental Gardesana, one of the most famous highways in Europe, begins in Riva along the western shore of Lake Garda. Its course for great stretches is blasted out of rocks, and more than 50 bridges lead over ravines, waterfalls and cre- vices. The Arc'd rock layers consist of 70 tunnels" [EH, Letzte, 88]. The waves of the lake may recall Canaletto's scenes of Venice.
(Gardesana):
Italian engi-
25. Savoia . . . that: "that" refers to a cavalry attack the Italians made against the Russians [cf. 31 below].
26. Un caso . . . memoria: Pg, "A sad case and worthy of memory" [Camoens, Os Lui- sadas, III, 118; SR, 214-215].
27. Uncle G. : George Holden Tinkham [74:180].
28. Knox
. . .
Lodge: [89/603].
? l
? ? 716
29. Bettoni: Commander of the cavalry at- tack at Ibukerki.
30. Galliffet: [16:17].
31. (Ibukerki): "The steppes of Isbuschens-
kij in the Ukraine, where on August 24, 1942 the Savoia Cavalleria regiment attacked the Russians. The Italians had 32 dead (offi- cially, 3), 52 wounded (officially,S), and more than a hundred horses wounded or lost. The Russians-according to Italian figures-suffered ISO dead and 500 pri- soners" [EH, Letzte, 90].
32. tracciolino: I, a Pound neologism deriv- ing from tracciare, meaning something like "road-engineer. "
33. Oleari: Italian theater of operations during WWI.
34. Divisione Sforzesca: I, "Special Force Division. "
35. Felix nupsit: L, "a happy marriage. " Allusion to the marriage of Pound's daughter
[M de R, Discretions, 307].
36. Khaty: [93:2]. Boris de R. , who mar- ried Mary, was an Egyptologist much taken with the pharaoh Akthoi (Khaty).
37. Euridices: The dead wife of Orpheus, the singer.
38. Laurel bark . . .
nes whereof, wee have caused these our Let- ters to bee made Patent: Witnes our Selfe, att Westminster, the three and Twentieth day of Aprill. . . By Writ! of Privy Seale. [Signed] Howard" [ibid. , 118].
39. Wing . . . Azaleas: The 4 lines pick up the flora and fauna of the Na-khi, looking to the opening of Canto 110.
40. Monro: A foreign correspondent for Beaverbrook's Evening Standard stationed in Rome in the mid and late 30s. Pound ap- pears to believe that Edward VIII, who ac- ceded to the throne in 1936, was forced to abdicate by Baldwin not because of his mar- riage to Wallis Simpson but because he wouldn't have Signed the papers of mobiliza- tion. Said Pound: "And that Eddie may have felt it was comin,' at any rate he hadn't the backbone to stick it [out]. And the traitors were afraid that he might balk at the last moment and refuse to sign on the dotted line, for mobilization" [EP, Speaking, 172- 173]. Pound was still convinced at St. Eliza- beths. Says Mullins: "There was one last-
minute obstacle-'Eddie' refused to sign. . . . He had been through the veterans' hospitals just after the First World War, and . . . could not bring himself to send men into that kind of hell again" [EM, Difficult, 195] .
41. Jury trial: [87:40].
49. Phyllotaxis: The arrangement of leaves around the stern of a plant or a tree is designed in such a way that the maximum amount of sunlight and energy is absorbed. To Pound this design is one more evidence of a divinity shaping all things in process. Also, the circular pattern of the stems around the main stern is one of the struc- tural models for the poem [DG, Pai, 4-2 & 3, 299; 104:87].
in the stone," in contrast to the "internal horrors (mosaic)" of st. Peter's [93/623].
57. Sta Maria: Prob. the oldest church in Rome, supposedly consecrated in 222. A facade was added in the 12th century. The mosaics on the facade, dating from the 13th century, are only excelled by those within.
58. Trastevere: I, "Across the Tiber" [74:24]. The most colorful district of
Rome, a sort of Soho or Left Bank scene.
59. Cosmedin: The- name of a square in Constantinople. The church, Sta. Maria in Cosmedin, originally belonged to a Greek brotherhood which gave it this name.
60. Le chapeau . . . St Pierre: F, "The melon hat of St. Peter. " Description of the dome of St. Peter's, which was built when the age of usury was far advanced and is thus not great architecture and design, as are the other churches built before usury had an effect.
61. piccioletta: I, "little boat" [Par. II, I; 7:38; 93:155].
fully and duely bee 116].
observed
. . . "
[ibid. ,
: "And to
32. Ship
son . . . full power . . . to take, Ship, Trans- port and Carry away, for and towards the Planta,on . . . such of our loveing sub-
. . .
35. Narrowgancett . , . : "And by theis presents . . . Doe give . . . unto the said GOY- ernor and Company . . . All that parte of our Dominions in Newe England . . . bounded on the East by Norrogancett. . . and on the South by the Sea . . . " [ibid. ].
. . . . . .
37. 23rd April: [ef. 28 above].
38. HOWARD: The charter, ends: "In wit-
56. San Domenico, Santa Sabina: [93:16, 17]. Ancient Roman churches about which Pound said earlier: "Where the spirit is clear
34. hinder
shall not in any manner hinder any of our loveing Subjects whatsoever to use and exer- cise the Trade of Fishinge. . . . And to build . . . such . . . workehouses as shall bee necessary for the Salting, drying and keep- eing of their Fish . . . " [ibid. , 117].
fishinge
: "These
presents
36. Mynes
firme lands
Stones, Quarries,. . . To have and to hold . . . as of our MannaI of East Greene- wich, in Free and Comon Soccage, and not in Capite . . . and Payinge therefore, to us, our heires and Successors, one1y the Fifth parte of all the Oare of Gold and Silver . . . to bee to us . . . paid" [ibid. , 117-118].
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
cles
later we have the thematic declaration: "SPLENDOUR, IT ALL COHERES"
[100/714].
Silver: "Together Mynes, Mynerals,
with all Precious
every such Per-
reparando: [108:94].
Stat de 31 Eliz: [Cf. 2 above; 108:95].
AngJiae amor: [108:75].
false stone . . . : [108/768].
auxy sort . . . : [108:68].
Taormina: [91:98].
Drafts and Fragments
Sources
Ernest Fenollosa, Epochs of Chinese and Japanese Art, 2 vols. , 1912; rpt. N. Y. , 1963 [EF, Epochs]; Dante, In/. V, 75; Joseph Rock, "The 2Muanj bpo Ceremony, or the Sacrzfice to HeClVen as Practiced by the Na-khi," Monumenta Serica, Vol. XIII, 1948 [Rock, "Ceremony"]; Joseph Rock, "The Romance ofK'a-2md- 19yu 2mi-gkyi, A Na-khi Tribal Love Story," Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient, XXXIX (1939), 1-152 [Rock, "Ro- mance"]; Dante, In/. XVII; Raphael Pumpelly, Across America
and Asia (1869) and My Reminiscences, 2 vols. , N. Y. , 1918.
Background
EP, SR, 214-215; CNTJ, 131-121; CON, 232; M de R, Discre-
tions, Little Brown, Boston, 1971; John Humphrey Noyes, II, A
SelIoi: [87:83]. In the Trachiniae Hera- says: "The dead beast kills the living me / and that fits another odd forecast / breathed out at the Selloi's oak- / those fellows rough it . . . " [WT, 49]. Ten lines
50. Ino . . . Kadmus. "
Kadmeia:
G, "Ina,
daughter
of
51. Erigena: [36:9; 74:90] 52. Anselm: [105:16]. 53. Herbert: [100:133].
54. Remusat:
[100: I 10].
55. KCI""(<>OTP"'YClAO'=
ankles" [110/780].
H,
"beautiful
? 714
110/777
110/777-779
715
History ofAmerican Socialism, Philadelphia, 1870 [Noyes, So- cialism] ; W.
Keith Kavenagh, Foundations o f Colonial America,
at a salt spring, but the taste or longing for the water stays with it; this leads the stag to commit 1yu- 2 vu ("suicide"), as does the young girl [ibid. , 47-48] .
14. gentian sprout: The gentian is called the last bloom of summer and flowers when the shepherds are bringing their herds down from the high meadows [ibid:, 50-51].
15. coral . . . oak: When K'a's lover sees her corpse, he says, among other things: "If I gave you turquoise and coral eyes, will you again be able to see? If I attach the roots of the pine and the oak, will you be able to walk" [ibid. , 89] .
16. Yellow iris: Peck says: "As Rock notes, the pictograph for "2k'a" . . . shows spring water flowing down a valley or gulch. Earlier in the text. . . the spring pictograph is a compound of 'water' and 1ba or 'flower'- the picture of which resembles an iris" [Peck, Agenda, 56].
moon",
must have asked his grandfather" [HK, Pai, 8-1,51-52].
18. Quercus: "Oak" in Na-khi. The tree on which 2K'a hangs herself.
19. Mt Sumeru: The holy mountain where the suicide of 2K'a took place. Says Peck: "Mt. Sumeru rests at the earth's navel, and in Hindu cosmology is the heaven of Indra, terracing the cities of the gods up toward nothingness. . . . Its tree drips honey which, like Yggdrassil's, gives rise to a river" [Peck, Agenda, 55].
20. juniper: In the "Sacrifice to Heaven" rites, one prays first to Heaven, Earth, and the Juniper. Three small trees are erected on a platform where the sacrifice is made: "an oak, representing Heaven, a juniper, repre- senting lK'aw, the emperor, and another
oak . . . on the left, representing earth or 2Ndaw" [Rock, "Ceremony," 13].
21. The purifications . . . : One of the "Sacrifices to Heaven" is called 3Ch'ou 3Shu, or "Impurities Smoke Out. " By differ- ent acts, houses and the landscape are puri- fied: "the former, a high mountain, was pu- rified by the snow, the latter, a lower moun- tain, was purified by the rain" [Rock, "Cere- mony," 23]. Different people went to do different ceremonial things: "the former went to a large Juniper, and the latter to a large oak and they purified themselves. . . . The former went into a ravine . . . the latter was purified by the dew" [ibid, 23-24] . Of another ceremony we read, "The three trees . . . are then placed in position on the altar . . . the tree of Heaven on the right, the Juniper in the center and the tree represen- ting Earth on the left. . . underneath
Chelsea House,
N. Y . ,
1973 [WK, Colonial].
Exegeses
Peck, Agenda, vol. 9, nos. 2-3, 26-69; Jamila Ismail, ibid. , 70-87; CFT, Pai, 3-1, 91-123; EH, Ezra Pound Letzte Texte, Zurich, 1969 [EH, Letzte]; Schmidt, Pai, 8-1, 55; JW, Later, 167-198; MB, Trace, 461-480.
ex Glossary
I. Thy quiet house: The basilica of Torcello in the Venetian Lagoon, which has a mosaic Madonna "over the portal" [cf. 47 below; 116/795].
2. crozier's curve: The crook in the staff carried before a Roman Catholic bishop.
3. harl: [herle]: ME, "fibers and filaments. " Here prob. in a tuft, as in the crest of a bird
[51/251].
4. Verkehr: G, "commerce. " An endorse- ment of what others have called "The free enterprise system. "
5. caracole: In riding, a horseman's ceremo- nial half-turn to the left or right.
6. panache: F, "crest," or "plume of a helmet. "
7. Toba Sojo: A Buddhist priest, 1052- 1140, originally named Kakuyu. He became chief of the Enryaku-ji-temple of the Tendai sect and later returned to Toba, after which he got the name Toba Soja. The pictures he painted were called, after him, Toba-e, and this designation later came to include the whole genre of caricature [EF, Epochs, 174- 175].
8. che . . . vent': I, "who appear so on the wind. " Adapted from Dante [In! V, 75], where he speaks to the lovers Paolo and Francesca, "who seem so light on the wind. " A lead-in to the Na-khi ceremony.
9. 2Har-2la-' llii 3k'o: The collective name for the 13 ceremonies performed by the Na-khi to expiate the spirits of suicides. When these ceremonies are not carried out, the spirits of suicides remain headless de- mons, or wind? demons, which draw hail and contagious diseases with them. When a per- son dies, it is of utmost importance that a relative see his last breath. Otherwise, a fowl must be strangled, whose last breath then stands for that of the suicide [Rock, "Cere- mony," 1-156].
which . . . 2bbue (Artemisia) been laid [ibid. , 30].
twigs . . . had
10. nine . . . seven: "A
fates, . . , a girl has seven. " The lines and most of the Na-khi lines in this canto are based on the Romance of 2K'a-2ma'j gyu- 3 mi- 2gkyi, which was used in the "Wind Sway" ceremonies [Rock, Romance, 20n. ] .
II. the black tree . . . : As 2K'a-2ma (the young girl who is going to commit suicide with her lover rather than accept a forced marriage to someone else) approached her hanging tree, "the black crown of the tree waved, [her] heart was faint, the black tree was born dumb" [ibid. , 42].
12. blue . . . turquoise: Before coming to the tree, the young girl thought of throwing herself into the lake, which is "a deep blue"-like her eyes, except they are "tur- quoise" [ibid. , 41].
13. the stag: In the romance, a stag drinks
man has
nine
17. Ideograms:
[M4534], "bright(ness)"; [M4557], "not"; [M2702], "former"; [M5054], "friend. " Pound's grandson Walter glosses the passage thus: "The brightness of the mOon . . . there are no former friends. " MdeR says that "he
22. Artemis: Or Diana. Rhyme with Artemisia.
23. Kuanon: [74:81].
. . .
[M7696] ,
24. Cozzaglio
neers who built a road called the "Garde- sana. " Says EH: "The Occidental Gardesana, one of the most famous highways in Europe, begins in Riva along the western shore of Lake Garda. Its course for great stretches is blasted out of rocks, and more than 50 bridges lead over ravines, waterfalls and cre- vices. The Arc'd rock layers consist of 70 tunnels" [EH, Letzte, 88]. The waves of the lake may recall Canaletto's scenes of Venice.
(Gardesana):
Italian engi-
25. Savoia . . . that: "that" refers to a cavalry attack the Italians made against the Russians [cf. 31 below].
26. Un caso . . . memoria: Pg, "A sad case and worthy of memory" [Camoens, Os Lui- sadas, III, 118; SR, 214-215].
27. Uncle G. : George Holden Tinkham [74:180].
28. Knox
. . .
Lodge: [89/603].
? l
? ? 716
29. Bettoni: Commander of the cavalry at- tack at Ibukerki.
30. Galliffet: [16:17].
31. (Ibukerki): "The steppes of Isbuschens-
kij in the Ukraine, where on August 24, 1942 the Savoia Cavalleria regiment attacked the Russians. The Italians had 32 dead (offi- cially, 3), 52 wounded (officially,S), and more than a hundred horses wounded or lost. The Russians-according to Italian figures-suffered ISO dead and 500 pri- soners" [EH, Letzte, 90].
32. tracciolino: I, a Pound neologism deriv- ing from tracciare, meaning something like "road-engineer. "
33. Oleari: Italian theater of operations during WWI.
34. Divisione Sforzesca: I, "Special Force Division. "
35. Felix nupsit: L, "a happy marriage. " Allusion to the marriage of Pound's daughter
[M de R, Discretions, 307].
36. Khaty: [93:2]. Boris de R. , who mar- ried Mary, was an Egyptologist much taken with the pharaoh Akthoi (Khaty).
37. Euridices: The dead wife of Orpheus, the singer.
38. Laurel bark . . .
