' It is
romidued
to be made up <>fro.
Hart-Clive-1962-Structure-and-Motif-in-Finnegans-Wake
t.
: ' .
.
.
oob.
")'lI' omio<d, OO?
ioI,,,,,,,,,<olly, in ?
"'","e on~ more olm;gnt;!
y nponding un;""",,' (063,'4); '",rial <I.
".
,.
.
.
.
of fai" women' (53'.
33); '" _ ,8.
.
"" 1.
8.
10, 3'0.
33, ,".
00, ~?
.
,.
.
? T! u Dream-Structure
mind. It Ke"'" to have been j oyu'. main PIUJ'OK, h. )wever, tQ usc the dream_sequences all a further illustration of the Viconian th=-part cycle, thio time arrnnged 00 . . . . . teo be everywhere e>ut of Itep with the principal cycle corui. <ting ofBooko r, II, and III. Th. . . , after the 'Tiers, tiers and tiers' ofdream. in thue thre<: 8001<0, we return ('Rounds'), "" always in Book IV, In the first level (59". 30). The Dreamer i. < of COune . till ""Ieep, but Ear- wicker's fantastic dream-night i. over: 'Guld modning'. Hio twenty_four h. )ur cycle i, alIDOllI complete and in hi. '! company we have progr=cd from 'wan warning' (6. 01) to another; dawn break! on a new day. j Ullt . . . . . the Providence of Vico'. >iamb leads to yel another rcMatemenl of history, 50 the fourth drcam-cycle, which has a},. . ,ady brought ill back to the first dream. level of Book I, reintroduces the Golden Age which makes CrClh hope possible.
Ac<:ording 10 the molecular principle on which FiMlgaru W. . . tt i. '! built, each minor cycle mu. t in 50me way reflect thili
major wcccosion of dream-<:ycl. . . . There an:, in fact, . uhlidiary dream_levels within the four-chapter cyclC$, and even within individual chapten. T he fourth chapter of each minor eycle i. a dream-<:reation of oomeone who fall, a,leep in the prec. :ding chapler. Thus Earwickcr, in the mythical context of the . tories told of him in 'h;,' cycle, ' . 1- 4, sleep. after the end of 1. 3, tirea"", ofhirruelf "" Shaun (or King) dnring r4, (15. 05, 19. ~8, 81. 16,89. 03), and 00 relive! hi, trial before the public; Shcm hands over 10 hi. < dream-<:reature Anna Livia in 1. 8; Earwicl<er dream. alII. . . , ShaUll at III. . , and 50 on in cydes ofdiminiah- illg scope.
In figure 1I, following, I have attempted to reconatruct IUch a ! Chematic diagram as j oyce mighl have used in marking out ru. . dream-oeyd. . . The figure ;, an endleu line beginning al 'riverrun' near thc top, completing One cycle (I- II. 3), then making a gliding 1ramitinn (II. 4) to the next level (III. I-3),
following th;, by a ludden drop to the third level, and ju. t as ,uddenly moving back to levell with Book IV. The last cycle, making a Sfcat containing ,w""p around the whole diagram ('appoint, that', all', 367. 3? ), lead, to Ihe final 'the' and 50 hack
! >>
? The Dream-Slructure
{(I 'rivemm'. The diagram parodies mystical ? . pirals (If mo~ ment' like th= in Swedenbru-g" PriN:;fM,1 with which JCIY"" may very wdl have bun familiar. (The schema could alw be
f. ,,,. . . II
? A . ". . . ntdCdUn <JfJoda><u<1",,?
drawn, though l~ clearly, as a spiralling line On <<ne of the con. ,. of a Ycawan gyu. Book IV would (hen appear"" c0- incident apex and b = on the gyre. >>
? Tram . by <h< Rev. . J. CJ,;,. . '''' Loodon, 1841. p. ",6. I s. . . boY<,Chap<<. Two, III.
95
? TJu Drr. llm. $truclure II: AWMAW! \. ( ('93. 30)
In U/,psdJoy. ;c had . ""ady made use ofthe holy Iyll_bl" of the Upanishads, AUM (or OM,""1 may aloo bt . . . riuen). and holh the word and the philooophy which it is pid 10 . ubs"mc
play quile an important pan in Fi_,. 1U 11'41. , J oytt wa, evi. dently rully aware ofi! ! IIlpp<:II(d ,igniJicance, about whith he might have lurnedfrom a g. . . ,at many tran. latio,,,ofand 0001_ mcntariea upon the Upanilhads (including R h V2,t$ky), knd almost certainly by word of mouth from the Dublin theo- oophists. (AUM is spccifica. lly aaociated willi Russell in Ul]uu,
U 414. ) O,,"f, the 'Umo! ', figumo prominently ip 1M 0 01($ to Heinrich Zimmer'. M'! 1d'Jn INliltIw MylMu,' which were made for JoyOl: by :0. reader. These 1W1es arc reproduced in Mr. Thomas Connolly'. Tk Pn_1 ll/w"r;, . /]. . . . . , 10ft' (where
'Url~ut' is misprinted 'Umlaut"),
To tht Brahma,. . AUM iJ of inomu. . ," importance and
hundrab of pages hlove b<<n filled with diseu"ions of it. A short lummary of the tnOIt '"<'levant poinu will have (0 lufflCe here. ' 1\ tremendously ucr~ formula which is to be intoned mentally rather than aloud, it ua. ymbol <>fthe whole visible and in"isible uui''<;'1(: ? . . . hal hal become, . . . hal is becoming, what . . . il1 become.
' It is romidued to be made up <>fro. . r greal constituent paru, the fint three npnsented by the sound! A,
U, and M, and the last by the edge of m. cternallilent void following On the dOloure of the M, the point at which the la. ! t overtone of the Iyllable di. ,. away into /1lJ<I (dilSOlution), the boundary between a faint hollow echo and true filenee. In one place in the Up. . ru. ha. ds' Ihe"J'I is parodo. nc. ally dacri! :>ed at b. aviog a JOUnd like a peal of thunder. 10 that here aga. inJoy<<
I 8m. . . 'ldi.
? ~"". ,BuffioJo, '951; nWprin' -'~,II d in . Itt,,,'"me rr-
. ,. . . . ,.
? t'", lIlY dio<. . . . . . . . . cl AUJo. I I ""? ? . - I', 0. . -. . . , 7lII ! '" '( v'v fI
. . . V ,. d" I/', '1'&110. by A. S. c. :. t. t. , Edinb. . '1JI>, 19Q6; R. E. llw. ><. TIio ru. . . . . PriMy. ,J U/ " I " (hfonl, 19oo I : S. IUdhoakrislman, n. PIti'-"
"" " . . . UI-i""""', , _ ,
s-nlJ. . . " . . . Hi""" vd. I, All. . . . bad, '909: "" . ts. S. Cilb<:tt, J-' J. . ,. . ', U/y,,,,, i. or. d? n, '95', p. ,ag.
, '1! . . . . . . . Upo. ";'had', 4: '" 00:_, fl. ,U. , p. 39' . . .
'9"~: S. C, V. . . . , 1"" Upanifa<\l', no.
)0. 1? ?
? Tht Drwm-Slru. clurt
6nd. authority for idenLifying ,wo of hi, most . ,. lient "PpoMle< - the go:eat<:st of all noise, which begi"" ,he cycle< and the ah>enc~ of all oound in which they ~nd-an i'kntity to which he frcqu~nlly allude. '[: 'ca""pean end mee~ Ind' (5! }8. I! i); 'I(icnc~ of . \Onorou. < silence' (230. 20); 'cros,ing their . lcep by the shocking mcnee' (393. 35). Like many another magic for-
mula, AUM i. a microcosm which exactly r. produc<< the my. teruos and phenomena nf ,he maCroC<l,m, the four parll corresponding (() Ihe fuur d<wical Indian Ages and the lint thrcc to virtually every trinity in Brahman phil<n<>phy. Medita_ tion on the nUcr<>eosmic ,yllablc bnngs wi'h it an undcl"lltanding oflhe maerocosm and ofthe mptel)' ofBeing. Although fleeting and evanescent, AUM is potential even when the clem. ] . ur_
rounding Silonce reigns, and 10 it may bc . aid to exut at aU tim. . .
The four rorulituent parts of the ""rd rep. . "cut the four ,tate: of c",,,,,ion. mes",
A T he Waking State
U Sle<:p, dinurbed by Dreams
M lkep Sle<:p
sn,ENCE, Called 'Tnriya' ('the Founh'); a higher plane
o. ECHO ofronsciown, a . tate in which the 'adept' can app",hend the Real Self and the true natu", of Sting. This higher state is s. aid in a
,erue to comprehend Ihe other three.
That Joyce was aware of these categories of consciousnc. . Vl':rr urly in hi. career seerru to bc indicated by a . <:ntence from A PM/Mit wruch names the last tlm:e and implies the 6,. . t: 'Faintly, under the heavy night, through the silence <. >fthe city which h", turned from dream. to dreamleso . Icep '" a weary I"""r whom no care. . . ,. move, the OQund ofhoof. u pon the ""ad'.
(AP 286)
The four >tales represent Ihe 'four porti<IJI! of the Self' (abo called tbe 'four fed of Vishnu') :
Waking S/Q/e: The 'common_to-aIl_men' (Ihe SOond 'A' i. considered to be the primal sound, COmmon to aU othen);
,"
? Th Dream-Strutture
typiflCd by ""troversion ('cmtwardly cogniti"") and concerned with gross matter. It correspond, to the material ""mos,
Dreams: ''The brilliant one" ; typified by intro",ru. "n ("inwardly cognitive"); "enjoys" subtle objccb. ; "feeds on" dream memorie. , which are luminolll, . nbtle, and magically entrancing, According- to some commentaries it i1 fraughL with lerror, suffering, <klusory forTT'l$, and incessanL change. In this state the ooul i1 free to wander. It corresponds to the Soul of the
W orld.
Dup Stu! >; '~The all_lrnowing''; a "cognition ma. . ? '; unified;
"enjoying" bm. ; the "inner rontroller"; the source of all ; the beginning and the end of being>. Thi, is a "ate of torpor, typified sometimeo by somnambulism. It correspond. to the principle of Sdf_ronscioume",.
Fwrlk; "The transcendental" ; the "peaceful" ; the "joyous" ; the "destroyer offa! ! e knowledge"; the "cau,e of the cesaation of all sorrows" ; the Real Sdf(Atman); ti,ndesa, beyond the beginning and UlC end of being>; symbolised by a ';ngle point and by infinity; dther completely ';Ient or the last echo of AU M. It correopond. to perfect bliM.
? T! u Dream-Structure
mind. It Ke"'" to have been j oyu'. main PIUJ'OK, h. )wever, tQ usc the dream_sequences all a further illustration of the Viconian th=-part cycle, thio time arrnnged 00 . . . . . teo be everywhere e>ut of Itep with the principal cycle corui. <ting ofBooko r, II, and III. Th. . . , after the 'Tiers, tiers and tiers' ofdream. in thue thre<: 8001<0, we return ('Rounds'), "" always in Book IV, In the first level (59". 30). The Dreamer i. < of COune . till ""Ieep, but Ear- wicker's fantastic dream-night i. over: 'Guld modning'. Hio twenty_four h. )ur cycle i, alIDOllI complete and in hi. '! company we have progr=cd from 'wan warning' (6. 01) to another; dawn break! on a new day. j Ullt . . . . . the Providence of Vico'. >iamb leads to yel another rcMatemenl of history, 50 the fourth drcam-cycle, which has a},. . ,ady brought ill back to the first dream. level of Book I, reintroduces the Golden Age which makes CrClh hope possible.
Ac<:ording 10 the molecular principle on which FiMlgaru W. . . tt i. '! built, each minor cycle mu. t in 50me way reflect thili
major wcccosion of dream-<:ycl. . . . There an:, in fact, . uhlidiary dream_levels within the four-chapter cyclC$, and even within individual chapten. T he fourth chapter of each minor eycle i. a dream-<:reation of oomeone who fall, a,leep in the prec. :ding chapler. Thus Earwickcr, in the mythical context of the . tories told of him in 'h;,' cycle, ' . 1- 4, sleep. after the end of 1. 3, tirea"", ofhirruelf "" Shaun (or King) dnring r4, (15. 05, 19. ~8, 81. 16,89. 03), and 00 relive! hi, trial before the public; Shcm hands over 10 hi. < dream-<:reature Anna Livia in 1. 8; Earwicl<er dream. alII. . . , ShaUll at III. . , and 50 on in cydes ofdiminiah- illg scope.
In figure 1I, following, I have attempted to reconatruct IUch a ! Chematic diagram as j oyce mighl have used in marking out ru. . dream-oeyd. . . The figure ;, an endleu line beginning al 'riverrun' near thc top, completing One cycle (I- II. 3), then making a gliding 1ramitinn (II. 4) to the next level (III. I-3),
following th;, by a ludden drop to the third level, and ju. t as ,uddenly moving back to levell with Book IV. The last cycle, making a Sfcat containing ,w""p around the whole diagram ('appoint, that', all', 367. 3? ), lead, to Ihe final 'the' and 50 hack
! >>
? The Dream-Slructure
{(I 'rivemm'. The diagram parodies mystical ? . pirals (If mo~ ment' like th= in Swedenbru-g" PriN:;fM,1 with which JCIY"" may very wdl have bun familiar. (The schema could alw be
f. ,,,. . . II
? A . ". . . ntdCdUn <JfJoda><u<1",,?
drawn, though l~ clearly, as a spiralling line On <<ne of the con. ,. of a Ycawan gyu. Book IV would (hen appear"" c0- incident apex and b = on the gyre. >>
? Tram . by <h< Rev. . J. CJ,;,. . '''' Loodon, 1841. p. ",6. I s. . . boY<,Chap<<. Two, III.
95
? TJu Drr. llm. $truclure II: AWMAW! \. ( ('93. 30)
In U/,psdJoy. ;c had . ""ady made use ofthe holy Iyll_bl" of the Upanishads, AUM (or OM,""1 may aloo bt . . . riuen). and holh the word and the philooophy which it is pid 10 . ubs"mc
play quile an important pan in Fi_,. 1U 11'41. , J oytt wa, evi. dently rully aware ofi! ! IIlpp<:II(d ,igniJicance, about whith he might have lurnedfrom a g. . . ,at many tran. latio,,,ofand 0001_ mcntariea upon the Upanilhads (including R h V2,t$ky), knd almost certainly by word of mouth from the Dublin theo- oophists. (AUM is spccifica. lly aaociated willi Russell in Ul]uu,
U 414. ) O,,"f, the 'Umo! ', figumo prominently ip 1M 0 01($ to Heinrich Zimmer'. M'! 1d'Jn INliltIw MylMu,' which were made for JoyOl: by :0. reader. These 1W1es arc reproduced in Mr. Thomas Connolly'. Tk Pn_1 ll/w"r;, . /]. . . . . , 10ft' (where
'Url~ut' is misprinted 'Umlaut"),
To tht Brahma,. . AUM iJ of inomu. . ," importance and
hundrab of pages hlove b<<n filled with diseu"ions of it. A short lummary of the tnOIt '"<'levant poinu will have (0 lufflCe here. ' 1\ tremendously ucr~ formula which is to be intoned mentally rather than aloud, it ua. ymbol <>fthe whole visible and in"isible uui''<;'1(: ? . . . hal hal become, . . . hal is becoming, what . . . il1 become.
' It is romidued to be made up <>fro. . r greal constituent paru, the fint three npnsented by the sound! A,
U, and M, and the last by the edge of m. cternallilent void following On the dOloure of the M, the point at which the la. ! t overtone of the Iyllable di. ,. away into /1lJ<I (dilSOlution), the boundary between a faint hollow echo and true filenee. In one place in the Up. . ru. ha. ds' Ihe"J'I is parodo. nc. ally dacri! :>ed at b. aviog a JOUnd like a peal of thunder. 10 that here aga. inJoy<<
I 8m. . . 'ldi.
? ~"". ,BuffioJo, '951; nWprin' -'~,II d in . Itt,,,'"me rr-
. ,. . . . ,.
? t'", lIlY dio<. . . . . . . . . cl AUJo. I I ""? ? . - I', 0. . -. . . , 7lII ! '" '( v'v fI
. . . V ,. d" I/', '1'&110. by A. S. c. :. t. t. , Edinb. . '1JI>, 19Q6; R. E. llw. ><. TIio ru. . . . . PriMy. ,J U/ " I " (hfonl, 19oo I : S. IUdhoakrislman, n. PIti'-"
"" " . . . UI-i""""', , _ ,
s-nlJ. . . " . . . Hi""" vd. I, All. . . . bad, '909: "" . ts. S. Cilb<:tt, J-' J. . ,. . ', U/y,,,,, i. or. d? n, '95', p. ,ag.
, '1! . . . . . . . Upo. ";'had', 4: '" 00:_, fl. ,U. , p. 39' . . .
'9"~: S. C, V. . . . , 1"" Upanifa<\l', no.
)0. 1? ?
? Tht Drwm-Slru. clurt
6nd. authority for idenLifying ,wo of hi, most . ,. lient "PpoMle< - the go:eat<:st of all noise, which begi"" ,he cycle< and the ah>enc~ of all oound in which they ~nd-an i'kntity to which he frcqu~nlly allude. '[: 'ca""pean end mee~ Ind' (5! }8. I! i); 'I(icnc~ of . \Onorou. < silence' (230. 20); 'cros,ing their . lcep by the shocking mcnee' (393. 35). Like many another magic for-
mula, AUM i. a microcosm which exactly r. produc<< the my. teruos and phenomena nf ,he maCroC<l,m, the four parll corresponding (() Ihe fuur d<wical Indian Ages and the lint thrcc to virtually every trinity in Brahman phil<n<>phy. Medita_ tion on the nUcr<>eosmic ,yllablc bnngs wi'h it an undcl"lltanding oflhe maerocosm and ofthe mptel)' ofBeing. Although fleeting and evanescent, AUM is potential even when the clem. ] . ur_
rounding Silonce reigns, and 10 it may bc . aid to exut at aU tim. . .
The four rorulituent parts of the ""rd rep. . "cut the four ,tate: of c",,,,,ion. mes",
A T he Waking State
U Sle<:p, dinurbed by Dreams
M lkep Sle<:p
sn,ENCE, Called 'Tnriya' ('the Founh'); a higher plane
o. ECHO ofronsciown, a . tate in which the 'adept' can app",hend the Real Self and the true natu", of Sting. This higher state is s. aid in a
,erue to comprehend Ihe other three.
That Joyce was aware of these categories of consciousnc. . Vl':rr urly in hi. career seerru to bc indicated by a . <:ntence from A PM/Mit wruch names the last tlm:e and implies the 6,. . t: 'Faintly, under the heavy night, through the silence <. >fthe city which h", turned from dream. to dreamleso . Icep '" a weary I"""r whom no care. . . ,. move, the OQund ofhoof. u pon the ""ad'.
(AP 286)
The four >tales represent Ihe 'four porti<IJI! of the Self' (abo called tbe 'four fed of Vishnu') :
Waking S/Q/e: The 'common_to-aIl_men' (Ihe SOond 'A' i. considered to be the primal sound, COmmon to aU othen);
,"
? Th Dream-Strutture
typiflCd by ""troversion ('cmtwardly cogniti"") and concerned with gross matter. It correspond, to the material ""mos,
Dreams: ''The brilliant one" ; typified by intro",ru. "n ("inwardly cognitive"); "enjoys" subtle objccb. ; "feeds on" dream memorie. , which are luminolll, . nbtle, and magically entrancing, According- to some commentaries it i1 fraughL with lerror, suffering, <klusory forTT'l$, and incessanL change. In this state the ooul i1 free to wander. It corresponds to the Soul of the
W orld.
Dup Stu! >; '~The all_lrnowing''; a "cognition ma. . ? '; unified;
"enjoying" bm. ; the "inner rontroller"; the source of all ; the beginning and the end of being>. Thi, is a "ate of torpor, typified sometimeo by somnambulism. It correspond. to the principle of Sdf_ronscioume",.
Fwrlk; "The transcendental" ; the "peaceful" ; the "joyous" ; the "destroyer offa! ! e knowledge"; the "cau,e of the cesaation of all sorrows" ; the Real Sdf(Atman); ti,ndesa, beyond the beginning and UlC end of being>; symbolised by a ';ngle point and by infinity; dther completely ';Ient or the last echo of AU M. It correopond. to perfect bliM.
